DOCSLIB.ORG

Phytochemical Screening and Betaxanthines of Pilosocereus Catingicola (Gürke) Byles & Rowley Subsp. Salvadorensis (Werderm

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phytochemical Screening and Betaxanthines of Pilosocereus Catingicola (Gürke) Byles & Rowley Subsp. Salvadorensis (Werderm Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 42(2): 79-86, 2020; Article no.JEAI.55254 ISSN: 2457-0591 (Past name: American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, Past ISSN: 2231-0606) Phytochemical Screening and Betaxanthines of Pilosocereus catingicola (Gürke) Byles & Rowley Subsp. salvadorensis (Werderm.) Zappi (Cactaceae) Rodrigo Garcia Silva Nascimento1, Ana Paula Pereira do Nascimento1, Fabiana dos Anjos Barbosa2, João Henrique Constantino Sales Silva2* and Alex da Silva Barbosa3 1Program of Post-Graduation in Agronomy, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia-PB, Brazil. 2Program of Post-Graduation in Agrarian Sciences (Agroecology), Center for Humanities, Social and Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Bananeiras-PB, Brazil. 3Department of Agriculture, Center for Humanities, Social and Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Bananeiras-PB, Brazil. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Authors RGSN, APPN, FAB and JHCSS designed the study, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author ASB managed the analyses of the study and performed the statistical analysis. All authors managed the literature searches, read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/JEAI/2020/v42i230471 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Bishun Deo Prasad, Bihar Agricultural University, India. Reviewers: (1) Camilo Torres-Serna, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Colombia. (2) Agustín Maceda, Mexico. (3) Ochieng O. Anthony, Sumait University, Tanzania. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/55254 Received 10 January 2020 Accepted 15 March 2020 Original Research Article Published 25 March 2020 ABSTRACT In the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil, we find several cacti that are very important for the regional fauna and flora, including the “facheiro” (Pilosocereus catingicola (Gürke) Byles & Rowley subsp. salvadorensis (Werderm.) Zappi, a species that belongs to this botanical family and is widespread in the Paraiba semiarid region. The objective of this study was quantify and characterize the chemical constituents of the fruits and cladodes of Pilosocereus catingicola subsp. salvadorensis. The fruits were lyophilized and the samples were subsequently ground. A 2 gram _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]; Nascimento et al.; JEAI, 42(2): 79-86, 2020; Article no.JEAI.55254 aliquot of the lyophilized material was solubilized in 5 mL of 50% MeOH and 50 mmol L-1 of sodium ascorbate and distilled water. The extractive content was monitored by absorbance in a UV-VIS Meter® SP2000 (600 nm) spectrophotometer. Analyzes were performed using the SAS® Program (North Carolina, USA), version 9.2. The constituent groups identified on the stem were the phenolic and tannin groups: steroids, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. Betalains are the group of alkaloids of greater expression in the fruits of this species, from which the betaxanthines are its main constituents, such as vulgaxanthin III, muscarine and dopaxanthin. Pilosocereus catingicola is a potential source of these metabolites in different parts of the plant, which, therefore, justifies encouraging the best employment of the species. Keywords: Cactaceae; chemical constituents; facheiro; flora; metabolites. 1. INTRODUCTION a source of phytonutrients that are important for our health because they present a high content Since then, different types of spontaneous plants of total extractable polyphenols in their ripe and herbs have been used as key ingredients in stage, which results in relevant antioxidant the production of medicines to treat various activity. Other cacti also have an elevated diseases worldwide [1]. Phytochemicals that antioxidant activity in their fruits, such as occur naturally in plants are responsible for the Pilosocereus gounellei A. Weber ex K. Schum. color, smell and taste of the various plant Bly. ex Rowl. [8]. structures. They are used in the production of medicines and many have antimicrobial Nonetheless, such bioactive compounds are not characteristics such as organic acids, tannins, limited only to the fruits; roots and stems can flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, among others also present groups of chemical constituents in [2,3]. several concentrations. Usually, plant secondary metabolites are synthesized in response to Brazil is deemed the third greatest diversity stress conditions and can work as a draw for center of the Cactaceae family [4]. Many of those pollination through its contribution for the species are endemic to the Northeastern vegetable’s pigmentation, which, similarly to the Caatinga and still require further studies. human immunological system, protects the plant According to Barbosa [5], the Paraiba Caatinga from ultraviolet light and pathogens [6]. is characterized as a forest formation with the endemism of several cacti, from which, some Given the above and the lack of information on genera are highlighted and are more the screening of phytochemicals in cacti, the representative, including Pilosocereus. According purpose hereof was to quantify and characterize to this author, the Pilosocereus catingicola the profile of chemical constituents of (Gürke) Byles & Rowley subsp. salvadorensis morphological parts of Pilosocereus catingicola (Werderm.) Zappi is a species that belongs to (Gürke) Byles & Rowley subsp. salvadorensis this genus and is widespread in the Paraiba (Werderm.) Zappi. semiarid region. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the semiarid region, many species have potential for exploration due to their ability of 2.1 Stem and Fruit Collection producing fruits with singular characteristics and that are able to compete in the market, both The morphological parts of P. catingicola subsp. internal and external [6]. According to the author, salvadorensis were collected from three forest researchers oriented to the employment of fruit fragments of the Caatinga, located in the species that are native of the Caatinga enable following different phytophysionomies at the the production of more knowledge and the mesoregion of the Paraiba Agreste: Arara, Areial, development of new social technologies, inciting and Boa Vista, PB. This region’s vegetation is the discovery of said biome’s potentialities. composed by the Caatinga with semi-deciduous and deciduous species, usually from the Paraiba Melo et al. [7] after their evaluation of the Agrestes. It has a tropical rainy climate and dry nutritional and functional quality of Cereus summer, and an average annual rainfall of 666.1 jamacaru DC., reported that this cactus’ fruits are mm. This Caatinga region is characterized by the 80 Nascimento et al.; JEAI, 42(2): 79-86, 2020; Article no.JEAI.55254 practice of wood selective cutting and cattle dissolved into 1 mL 100% MeOH and stored at - grazing during the dry season. Paths are found 20°C. The extractive content was monitored all over the vegetation for the transit of animals, through absorbance in a UV-VIS Meter® SP2000 vehicles and people. at 600 nm spectrophotometer (Sanford, North Carolina, USA) at the Laboratory of Physiology The second stage of the work was composed of and Post-harvest of the Federal University of the collection of the material in field (stem and Paraíba, Campus III - Bananeiras, PB, through fruit), prioritizing young plants and their side the method of HPLC and MS. ramifications, whose length was between 4 and 5 cm, which enabled better handling without 2.4 Extractions, Concentration and damaging the source plant. The processing of Phytochemical Screening the cladodes and fruits was performed in a phytosanitary clinic located at the Center of After grounding and storage, 150 g of the Human, Social, and Agricultural Sciences of the material was split into four 37 gram samples, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus which, later, were inserted into 200 ml of ethanol III, Bananeiras/PB, where the stem samples of at 95%. After the extractions at every 24 hours Pilosocereus catingicola were submitted to for three days, totalizing 72 hours, the phytosanitary treatments, such as washing the concentration of the ethanolic extract was fruits and cladodes in running water. initiated at the rotary evaporator (rotary evaporator TE-210), at a temperature of 45°C 2.2 Betalain Extraction and Storage and stored in glass ampules. After this stage, Modeling they were taken to the Center of Biotechnology (Cbiotec), located at the Federal University of The betalain extraction, storage, and profile Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa-PB, where they modeling was performed at the Laboratory of were submitted to phytochemical screening. Vegetal Physiology, UNIMELB, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. To test and optimize the betalain The data were submitted to Analysis of Variance. extraction, two factors were analyzed: time and To differentiate and quantify the betalain mass. The time values of 20, 70, and 120 min., variation, the ANOVA with the “One-way” and the mass values of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g of criterion was performed based on the ratio of the lyophilized fruits were based on Maran et al. [9] area between the peaks for each studied and Sanchez-Gonzalez et al. [10]. For the population. The analyses were performed in the extraction of the content of batalaína, a linear SAS® Program (North Carolina, USA), version model used by Barbosa [5]. 9.2, licensee by the Federal University of Paraíba, 2013.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • What Pigments Are in Plants?
    BUILD YOUR FUTURE! ANYANG BEST COMPLETE MACHINERY ENGINEERING CO.,LTD WHAT PIGMENTS ARE IN PLANTS? Pigments Pigments are chemical compounds responsible for color in a range of living substances and in the inorganic world. Pigments absorb some of the light they receive, and so reflect only certain wavelengths of visible light. This makes them appear "colorful.” Cave paintings by early man show the early use of pigments, in a limited range from straw color to reddish brown and black. These colors occurred naturally in charcoals, and in mineral oxides such as chalk and ochre. The WebExhibit on Pigments has more information on these early painting palettes. Many early artists used natural pigments, but nowadays they have been replaced by cheaper and less toxic synthetic pigments. Biological Pigments Pigments are responsible for many of the beautiful colors we see in the plant world. Dyes have often been made from both animal sources and plant extracts . Some of the pigments found in animals have also recently been found in plants. Website: www.bestextractionmachine.com Email: [email protected] Tel: +86 372 5965148 Fax: +86 372 5951936 Mobile: ++86 8937276399 BUILD YOUR FUTURE! ANYANG BEST COMPLETE MACHINERY ENGINEERING CO.,LTD Major Plant Pigments White Bird Of Paradise Tree Bilirubin is responsible for the yellow color seen in jaundice sufferers and bruises, and is created when hemoglobin (the pigment that makes blood red) is broken down. Recently this pigment has also been found in plants, specifically in the orange fuzz on seeds of the white Bird of Paradise tree. The bilirubin in plants doesn’t come from breaking down hemoglobin.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analyses of Pilosocereus (Cactaceae) Inferred from Plastid and Nuclear Sequences
    Botanical Journal of the Linnean Linnean Society Society,, 2017,2016. 183 With, 25–38. 2 figures With 2 figures Phylogenetic analyses of Pilosocereus (Cactaceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear sequences ALICE CALVENTE1*, EVANDRO M. MORAES2,PAMELA^ LAVOR1, ISABEL A. S. BONATELLI2, PAMELA NACAGUMA2, LEONARDO M. VERSIEUX1, NIGEL P. TAYLOR3 and DANIELA C. ZAPPI4 1Laboratorio� de Botanica^ Sistematica,� Departamento de Botanica^ e Zoologia, Centro de Biociencias,^ Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Central, Lagoa Nova, Natal, CEP 59078-970, RN, Brazil 2 Laboratorio� de Diversidade Genetica� e Evolucßao,~ Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciencias^ Humanas e Biologicas,� Universidade Federal de Sao~ Carlos, Sorocaba, Sao~ Paulo, CEP 18052-780, Brazil 3Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road 259569, Singapore 4Jardim Botanico^ do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leao~ 915, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 22460-030 RJ, Brazil Received 1 March 2016; revised 1 June 2016; accepted for publication 29 August 2016 Pilosocereus is a large genus of Cactaceae with 42 species of columnar cacti distributed in the Americas. In this work we investigate the phylogenetics and evolutionary history of Pilosocereus based in plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. We use phylogenetic trees obtained as a basis to analyse infrageneric relationships and to study the evolution of selected morphological characters and geographical distribution in the group. Thirty-three species of the genus were sampled and five molecular regions were selected, four non-coding intergenic spacers of plastid DNA (trnS-trnG, psbD-trnT, trnL-trnT, petL-psbE) and one nuclear low-copy gene (phytochrome C). The phylogenetic analyses obtained point to a paraphyletic Pilosocereus, with P.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 8, e126985521, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5521 Variabilidade genética em populações de Pilosocereus catingicola (Gürke) Byles & Rowley subsp. salvadorensis (Werderm.) Zappi (Cactaceae) Genetic variability in populations of Pilosocereus catingicola (Gürke) Byles & Rowley subsp. salvadorensis (Werderm.) Zappi (Cactaceae) Variabilidad genética en poblaciones de Pilosocereus catingicola (Gürke) Byles & Rowley subsp. salvadorensis (Werderm.) Zappi (Cactaceae) Recebido: 11/06/2020 | Revisado: 11/06/2020 | Aceito: 13/06/2020 | Publicado: 27/06/2020 Fabiana dos Anjos Barbosa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5818-455X Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Bananeiras, Paraíba, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Alex da Silva Barbosa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7343-6134 Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Bananeiras, Paraíba, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Gláucia Diojânia Azevêdo Medeiros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3322-9138 Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba, Sousa, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Alberício Pereira de Andrade ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1223-394X Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Mailson Monteiro do Rêgo ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3096-6992 Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] João Henrique Constantino Sales Silva ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6218-5096 Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Bananeiras, Paraíba, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] 1 Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 8, e126985521, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5521 Resumo Estudos sobre diversidade genética de cactáceas são importantes para elucidar acontecimentos evolutivos e características ecológicas de populações vulneráveis a erosão genética.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Colour Book
    THE COLOUR BOOK Sensient Food Colors Europe INDEX NATURAL COLOURS AND COLOURING FOODS INDEX 46 Lycopene 4 We Brighten Your World 47 Antho Blends – Pink Shade 6 Naturally Different 48 Red Cabbage 8 The Colour of Innovation 49 Beetroot – with reduced bluish tone 10 Natural Colours, Colouring Foods 50 Beetroot 11 Cardea™, Pure-S™ 51 Black Carrot 12 YELLOW 52 Grape 14 Colourful Impulses 53 Enocianin 15 Carthamus 54 Red Blends 16 Curcumin 56 VIOLET & BLUE 17 Riboflavin 59 Violet Blends 18 Lutein 61 Spirulina 19 Carrot 62 GREEN 20 Natural Carotene 65 Green Blends 22 Beta-Carotene 66 Copper-Chlorophyllin 24 Annatto 67 Copper-Chlorophyll 25 Yellow/ Orange Blends 68 Chlorophyll/-in 26 ORANGE 69 Spinach 29 Natural Carotene 70 BROWN 30 Paprika Extract 73 Burnt Sugar 32 Carrot 74 Apple 33 Apocarotenal 75 Caramel 34 Carminic Acid 76 BLACK & WHITE 35 Beta-Carotene 79 Vegetable Carbon 36 RED 80 Titanium Dioxide 39 Antho Blends – Strawberry Shade 81 Natural White 40 Aronia 41 Elderberry 83 Regulatory Information 42 Black Carrot 84 Disclaimer 43 Hibiscus 85 Contact Address 44 Carmine 3 INDEX NATURAL COLOURS AND COLOURING FOODS WE BRIGHTEN YOUR WORLD Sensient is as colourful as the world around us. Whatever you are looking for, across the whole spectrum of colour use, we can deliver colouring solutions to best meet your needs in your market. Operating in the global market place for over 100 years Sensient both promises and delivers proven international experience, expertise and capabilities in product development, supply chain management, manufacture, quality management and application excellence of innovative colours for food and beverages.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Betalain Phytochemistry by Means of Ion-Pair Countercurrent Chromatography
    STUDIES ON BETALAIN PHYTOCHEMISTRY BY MEANS OF ION-PAIR COUNTERCURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY Von der Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig zur Erlangung des Grades einer Doktorin der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigte D i s s e r t a t i o n von Thu Tran Thi Minh aus Vietnam 1. Referent: Prof. Dr. Peter Winterhalter 2. Referent: apl. Prof. Dr. Ulrich Engelhardt eingereicht am: 28.02.2018 mündliche Prüfung (Disputation) am: 28.05.2018 Druckjahr 2018 Vorveröffentlichungen der Dissertation Teilergebnisse aus dieser Arbeit wurden mit Genehmigung der Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften, vertreten durch den Mentor der Arbeit, in folgenden Beiträgen vorab veröffentlicht: Tagungsbeiträge T. Tran, G. Jerz, T.E. Moussa-Ayoub, S.K.EI-Samahy, S. Rohn und P. Winterhalter: Metabolite screening and fractionation of betalains and flavonoids from Opuntia stricta var. dillenii by means of High Performance Countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) and sequential off-line injection to ESI-MS/MS. (Poster) 44. Deutscher Lebensmittelchemikertag, Karlsruhe (2015). Thu Minh Thi Tran, Tamer E. Moussa-Ayoub, Salah K. El-Samahy, Sascha Rohn, Peter Winterhalter und Gerold Jerz: Metabolite profile of betalains and flavonoids from Opuntia stricta var. dilleni by HPCCC and offline ESI-MS/MS. (Poster) 9. Countercurrent Chromatography Conference, Chicago (2016). Thu Tran Thi Minh, Binh Nguyen, Peter Winterhalter und Gerold Jerz: Recovery of the betacyanin celosianin II and flavonoid glycosides from Atriplex hortensis var. rubra by HPCCC and off-line ESI-MS/MS monitoring. (Poster) 9. Countercurrent Chromatography Conference, Chicago (2016). ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This PhD would not be done without the supports of my mentor, my supervisor and my family.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of Plant Pigments: Molecular and Environmental Determinants of Plant Colors
    ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica 51/1: 7–16, 2009 SURVEY OF PLANT PIGMENTS: MOLECULAR AND ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF PLANT COLORS EWA MŁODZIŃSKA* Department of Plant Physiology, Wroclaw University, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland Received January 7, 2009; revision accepted February 20, 2009 It is difficult to estimate the importance of plant pigments in plant biology. Chlorophylls are the most important pigments, as they are required for photosynthesis. Carotenoids are also necessary for their functions in photosyn- thesis. Other plant pigments such as flavonoids play a crucial role in the interaction between plants and animals as visual signals for pollination and seed scattering. Studies related to plant pigmentation are one of the oldest areas of work in plant science. The first publication about carotenoids appeared in the early nineteenth century, and the term "chlorophyll" was first used in 1818 (Davies, 2004). Since then, the biochemical structure of plant pigments has been revealed, as have the biosynthetic pathways for the major pigments that provide a useful variety of colors to blossoms and other plant organs. There is widespread interest in the application of molecular methods to improve our knowledge of gene regulation mechanisms and changes in plant pigment content. Genetic modification has been used to alter pigment production in transgenic plants. This review focuses on flower pigmentation, its bio- chemistry and biology. It presents a general overview of the major plant pigment groups as well as rarer plant dyes and their diversity and function in generating the range of colors observed in plants. Key words: Flower and fruit colors, co-pigmentation, plant dyes, pigment groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Betalains and Phenolics in Red Beetroot (Beta Vulgaris)
    Betalains and Phenolics in Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) Peel Extracts: Extraction and Characterisation Tytti Kujala*, Jyrki Loponen and Kalevi Pihlaja Department of Chemistry, Vatselankatu 2, FIN-20014 University of Turku, Finland. Fax: +3582-333 67 00. E-mail: [email protected] * Author for correspondence and reprint requests Z. Naturforsch. 56 c, 343-348 (2001); received January 9/February 12, 2001 Beta vulgaris , Betalains, Phenolics The extraction of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris ) peel betalains and phenolics was compared with two extraction methods and solvents. The content of total phenolics in the extracts was determined according to a modification of the Folin-Ciocalteu method and expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). The profiles of extracts were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The compounds of beetroot peel extracted with 80% aqueous methanol were characterised from separated fractions using HPLC- diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and HPLC- electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) tech­ niques. The extraction methods and the choice of solvent affected noticeably the content of individual compounds in the extract. The betalains found in beetroot peel extract were vulgaxanthin I, vulgaxanthin II, indicaxanthin, betanin, prebetanin, isobetanin and neobe- tanin. Also cyclodopa glucoside, /V-formylcyclodopa glucoside, glucoside of dihydroxyindol- carboxylic acid, betalamic acid, L-tryptophan, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and traces of un­ identified flavonoids were detected. Introduction acid in their cell walls (Jackman and Smith, 1996). Phenolic compounds are ubiquitous in the plant Except ferulic acid, also other phenolic acids and kingdom and they have been reported to possess phenolic acid conjugates have been reported in many biological effects.
    [Show full text]
  • 11. COMPOUNDS INFLUENCING FOOD COLOUR Perception Visual
    11. COMPOUNDS INFLUENCING FOOD COLOUR perception visual colour pigments (colouring matters, colourings) formation primary compounds natural food components natural components of other materials (microorganisms, algae, higher plants), used as additives secondary compounds enzymatic reactions (non-enzymatic browning reaction) chemical reactions synthetic compounds used as additives colour defects natural colours important groups tetrapyrrole colours plants, animals hem colours chlorophyll colours betalain colours plants betacyans betaxanthins flavonoid colours plants anthocyanins anthoxanthins phenolic and quinoid colours plants, animals phenols quinones carotenoid colours plants, animals carotenes xanthophylls TETRAPYRROLE PIGMENTS (TETRAPYRROLES) porphyrin pigments (porphyrins) cyclic hem pigments (hems) chlorophyll pigments (chlorophylls) biline pigments (bilines) linear phycobilins 3 5 7 4 6 2 A B 8 2 3 7 8 1 NH N 9 12 13 17 18 20 10 4 6 9 11 1 A B C 14 16 D 19 19 NH 11 N N N 5 10 N 15 N 18 D C 12 H 16 14 17 15 13 porphyrins bilines hem pigments meat, meat products nomenclature (book 3, tab. 9.1) content (book 3, tab. 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5) P CH2 N H His93 CH2=CH CH3 N CH2=CH CH3 H C CH=CH 3 2 H C CH=CH N N 3 2 N N Fe (II) Fe (II) N N N N H3C CH3 H3C CH3 CH CH COOH HOOCCH CH HOOCCH2CH2 2 2 2 2 CH CH COOH H2O 2 2 hem (reduced haematin, Fe2+), hemoglobin hematin (Fe3+), myoglobin (P = globin residue,16,8 kDa) protein protein N N O 2 N N myoglobin Fe (II) Fe (II) oxymyoglobin N N N N O O H2O protein N N metmyoglobin Fe (III) N N
    [Show full text]
  • Betanin, the Main Pigment of Red Beet
    Betanin, the main pigment of red beet - molecular origin of its exceptionally high free radical scavenging activity Anna Gliszczyńska-Świglo, Henryk Szymusiak, Paulina Malinowska To cite this version: Anna Gliszczyńska-Świglo, Henryk Szymusiak, Paulina Malinowska. Betanin, the main pigment of red beet - molecular origin of its exceptionally high free radical scavenging activity. Food Additives and Contaminants, 2006, 23 (11), pp.1079-1087. 10.1080/02652030600986032. hal-00577387 HAL Id: hal-00577387 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00577387 Submitted on 17 Mar 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Food Additives and Contaminants For Peer Review Only Betanin, the main pigment of red beet - molecular origin of its exceptionally high free radical scavenging activity Journal: Food Additives and Contaminants Manuscript ID: TFAC-2005-377.R1 Manuscript Type: Original Research Paper Date Submitted by the 20-Aug-2006 Author: Complete List of Authors: Gliszczyńska-Świgło, Anna; The Poznañ University of Economics, Faculty of Commodity Science
    [Show full text]
  • Promote Optimal Health Antioxidant Benefits Anti-Inflammatory Benefits
    Promote Optimal Health The pigments that give beets their rich colors are called betalains. There are two basic types of betalains: betacyanins and betaxanthins. Betacyanins are pigments are red‐violet in color. Betanin is the best studied of the betacyanins. Betaxanthins are yellowish in color. In light or dark red, crimson, or purple colored beets, betacyanins are the dominant pigments. In yellow beets, betaxanthins predominate, and particularly the betaxanthin called vulgaxanthin. All betalains come from the same original molecule (betalamic acid). The addition of amino acids or amino acid derivatives to betalamic acid is what determines the specific type of pigment that gets produced. The betalain pigments in beets are water‐soluble, and as pigments they are somewhat unusual due to their nitrogen content. Many of the betalains function both as antioxidants and anti‐inflammatory molecules. At the same time, they themselves are also very vulnerable to oxidation (change in structure due to interaction with oxygen). In addition to beets, rhubarb, chard, amaranth, prickly pear cactus, and Nopal cactus are examples of foods that contain betalains. It’s interesting to note that humans appear to vary greatly in their response to dietary betalains. In the United States, only 10‐15% of adults are estimated to be “betalain responders.” A betalain responder is a person who has the capacity to absorb and metabolize enough betalains from beet (and other foods) to gain full antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and Phase 2 triggering benefits. (Phase 2 is the second step in our cellular detoxification process). Antioxidant Benefits What’s most striking about beets is not the fact that they are rich in antioxidants; what’s striking is the unusual mix of antioxidants that they contain.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Variations in Peeling on the Recovery of Water-Soluble Pigments, Betanin and Vulgaxanthin, from Red Beet Peel (Beta Vulgaris L.)
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-1975 Effects of Variations in Peeling on the Recovery of Water-Soluble Pigments, Betanin and Vulgaxanthin, from Red Beet Peel (Beta Vulgaris L.) Ola Goode Sanders University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Food Science Commons Recommended Citation Sanders, Ola Goode, "Effects of Variations in Peeling on the Recovery of Water-Soluble Pigments, Betanin and Vulgaxanthin, from Red Beet Peel (Beta Vulgaris L.). " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1975. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3045 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Ola Goode Sanders entitled "Effects of Variations in Peeling on the Recovery of Water-Soluble Pigments, Betanin and Vulgaxanthin, from Red Beet Peel (Beta Vulgaris L.)." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Food Science and Technology. H. O. Jaynes, Major Professor We have read this thesis and
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotany of Native Cacti in the Northeast Region of Brazil: Can Traditional Use Infl Uence Availability?
    Acta Botanica Brasilica - 33(2): 350-359. April-June 2019. doi: 10.1590/0102-33062019abb0166 Ethnobotany of native cacti in the northeast region of Brazil: can traditional use infl uence availability? Ailza Maria de Lima-Nascimento1* , José Severino Bento-Silva2 , Camilla Marques de Lucena1 and Reinaldo Farias Paiva de Lucena1, 3 Received: May 11, 2019 Accepted: June 11, 2019 . ABSTRACT Documenting the uses of native species of Cactaceae in Northeast Brazil contributes to understanding how the inhabitants of this seasonally dry and low-rainfall region have used these resources, considering that some species of this family of Cactaceae are among the most endangered in the world. Th e aim of this research was to determine which species of Cactaceae occur in the study area and investigate the knowledge and recurrent uses associated with them, as well as the local availability of the species most used by residents. Ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 59 heads of households. Guided tours were conducted for data collection and subsequent taxonomic identifi cation of species. Use value and availability were determined for the most-used species in two predefi ned areas. Six native species were recorded and classifi ed into eight categories. Columnar species had higher use values, while fodder and construction were the most cited use categories. Cereus jamacaru DC was the most-used species, with consequent interference in its availability due to signifi cant reduction in the number of cladodes as a result of their constant removal from plants in areas of direct use for the purpose of fodder.
    [Show full text]