Kolkata Municipal Corporation Ward No. 52

Home , Bowbazar, Burrabazar, Girish Park, Hare Street, Janbazar, Jorasanko

KOLKATA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION WARD NO. 52

DOCUMENTED & PREPARED BY MAULANA AZAD COLLEGE KOLKATA-700013

MARCH, 2020

CONTRIBUTORS

Dr. Subhasis Panda (Botany) Dr. Dipak Kumar Som (Zoology) Dr. Santanu Ghosh (Economics) Dr. Avishek Ghosh (Microbiology) Dr. Mahua Patra (Sociology) Dr. Partha Pal (Statistics)

BOTANY, ZOOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY, ECONOMICS, SOCIOLOGY & STATISTICS (Total = 41)

1. Introduction

Ward-Number: 52 [

Borough: VI

District: KOLKATA

State: WEST BENGAL

Location: It is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 5, covering parts of Taltala (Collin Street-Marquis Street) and Janbazar neighbourhoods in central Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Habitat and topography

Ward No. 52 is bordered on the north by Lenin Sarani, on the east by Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Street, on the south by Marquis Street and on the west by Rani Rashmoni Street and Mirza Ghalib Street. The ward is served by Taltala and New Market police stations of Kolkata Police. Taltala Women police station covers all police districts under the jurisdiction of the Central division of Kolkata Police, i.e. Bowbazar, Burrabazar, Girish Park, Hare Street, Jorasanko, Muchipara, New Market, Taltala and Posta. Agriculture: Nil

Forests: Nil

Climate: Kolkata has a Tropical wet-and-dry climate. The annual mean temperature is 24.8 °C (80 °F); monthly mean temperatures range from 15 °C to 30 °C (59 °F to 86 °F). Summers are hot and humid with temperatures in the low 30's and during dry spells the maximum temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) during May and June.[1] Winter tends to last for only about two and a half months, with seasonal lows dipping to 9 °C 11 °C (48.2 °F 51.8 °F) between December and January. The highest recorded temperature is 43.9 °C (111 °F) and the lowest is 5 °C (41 °F).[1] Often during early summer, dusty squalls followed by spells of thunderstorm and heavy rains lash the city, bringing relief from the humid heat. These thunderstorms are convective in nature, and is locally known as Kal baisakhi ( , Nor'westers).

Rains brought by the Bay of Bengal branch of South-West monsoon lash the city between June and September and supplies the city with most of its annual rainfall of 1,582 mm (62.3 inches). The highest rainfall occurs during the monsoon in August (306 mm). The city receives 2,528 hours of sunshine per annum, with the maximum sunlight occurring in March. Pollution is a major concern in Kolkata, and the Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) level is high when compared to other major cities of India,[5][6] leading to regular smog and haze. Severe air pollution in the city has caused rise in pollution-related respiratory ailments such as lung cancer.

Demography: As per the 2011 Census of India, Ward No. 52, Kolkata Municipal Corporation, had a total population of 16,869, of which 10,205 (60%) were males and 6,664 (40%) were females. Population below 6 years was 1,289. The total number of literates in Ward No. 52 was 13,427 (86.18% of the population over 6 years).

Major livelihoods: Business (Tyre repairing & products, Hardware Shops, Plumber shops, Vegetable shops, Fruit stall, Tea stall, Grocery Shop, Hotel, Footpath shops, Fish stall, Chicken stall, Tea shop, Car and bike repairing, Helmet shop, electrical goods shop).

2. Methodology

Landscape, lifescape and peoplescape data were collected by 44 students of six departments (Botany, Zoology, Microbiology, Sociology, Economics & Statistics) of Maulana Azad College, Kolkata. The PBR work has been initiated on 19/02/2020 from Ward No. 52 Maulana Azad College area.

Plants (wild, ornamental, invasive & avenue) images were taken using Nikon Camera along with Samsung Mobile-based detailed GPS information to document authenticity in respect to locality and date. Participants: BOTANY Students. Guide: Dr. Subhasis Panda, Associate Professor of Botany. Identification: authenticated by the experts from Botanical Survey of India. Animals (mostly birds) images were taken using Nikon camera along with Samsung mobile- based detailed GPS information. But most of the birds were seen during 4 pm to 6 pm. Participants: ZOOLOGY Students. Guide: Dr. Subhasis Panda & Dr. Dipak Kumar Som (Associate Professor of Zoology). Identification: authenticated by the experts from Zoological Survey of India.

Microbes: sample collected from 5 different areas in and around Ward nos. 52, 53 & 61. Participants: MICROBIOLOGY Students. Guide: Dr. Avishek Ghosh (Assistant Professor of Microbiology). Identification: not identified yet.

Fungi: documented by Botany students. Identification: Dr. Prakash Pradhan (Scientist, West Bengal Biodiversity Board).

ITKs (Indigenous Traditional Knowledge) & Peoplescape: First hand data mainly taken from elderly and knowledgeable people during oral interview. Participants: SOCIOLOGY Students. Guide: Dr. Subhasis Panda (Botany). Authentication: by cross checking with at least 10 persons.

Market Survey: First hand data were taken from different markets such as, Fruits, fish, vegetables etc. Participants: ECONOMICS Students. Guide: Dr. Subhasis Panda (Botany).

Landscape Diversity: First hand data not taken yet. Participants: STATISTICS Students. Guide: Dr. S. Panda (Botany).

3. Landscape Diversity

Introduction about landscape of Ward with map

3. Landscape Diversity

Sl. No. Types / Area Ownership Feature of the landscape use pattern History of change of specification of elements ownership Landscape elements (if any)

1. Maulana Azad Approx.2 acre Higher Education 3-storied Heritage Building Centre of learning College. 8 Rafi land. Department, Govt. of West consisting of 27 Room, 1 big excellency since Ahmed Kidwai Rd. Bengal Hall, 4 Garden incl. one 1926. Medicinal Plant Garden.

2. Prabhu Jisur Girja Approx. 2 acre Controlled and maintained 3 big buildings under Girja. Mainly for the land. by Church of North India. purpose of prayers by the local Christians, and also montesory education for poor children.

3. Mahishadal House Approx. 1.5 acre Private property of Protected place of Mahishadal Business land. Mahishadal Raja. House authority.

4. Metalled Road 4 (small & big) Govt of West Bengal. Concrete & Pitched Roads. Public transport.

5. Lanes 14 Govt of West Bengal. Mostly concrete-made; some Public transport & pitched. walking. 6. Tram Lines 4 Govt of West Bengal. Concrete Rd with Tram lines. do

3. Lifescape Diversity

3.1. Agricultural Diversity (Paddy) [If any] NIL

3.2. Agricultural Diversity (Other than paddy) [If any] / Horticultural Diversity/Kitchen Garden/Ornamental diversity

Sl. Name of the variety Characteristics Method of Advantages and Present status of Availability at No. cultivation/ disadvantages of the cultivation (with present plantation variety reason) (Locality)

1. Tomato-orange round. Planted from Very small area at Maulana Azad Oval-rounded, orange seedlings. Adv. 2-3 kg yield per Maulana Azad College;Collin plant College Garden 1 street as Kitchen Disadv. more water decimal area. Garden. required.

2. Canna indica (Kalabati) Yellow & Red flowers From tubers Plants are grown in Maulana Azad Maulana Azad Yellow & Red seen less water & shady College Gardens (4 College, Kolkata. varieties. areas. decimal area)

3. Grand Crinum White flowers From bulbs Shady & wet places Maulana Azad Maulana Azad Lily/Spider lily/Poison College Gardens. College, Kolkata. bulb (Crinum asiaticum L.)

4. Adenium Pink, reddish-pink to light From grafting Sunny as well as Maulana Azad Maulana Azad (Adenium obesum) pink flowers shady places. College Garden. College, Kolkata.

5. Patabahar Yellow leaves with From grafting Sunny as well as Maulana Azad Maulana Azad (Codiaeum variegatum purple-blackish spots shady places. College Garden; College; Prabhu (L.) A. Juss.) throughout. Prabhu Jisur Girja Jisur Girja at Rafi inside garden; Ahmed Kidwai Mahisadal House; Rd.; Mahishadal House.

6. Coloured Lantana Red, yellow & orange From Grafting Sunny as well as Maulana Azad Maulana Azad flowers. shady places. College Garden; College; Prabhu Prabhu Jisur Girja Jisur Girja at Rafi inside garden. Ahmed Kidwai Rd. 7. Bagan Jhau Light green leaves with From grafting Sunny as well as Maulana Azad Maulana Azad (Thuja sp.- showy plant. shady places. College Garden; College; Prabhu Gymnosperms). Prabhu Jisur Girja Jisur Girja at Rafi inside garden; Ahmed Kidwai Mahisadal House; Rd.; Mahishadal House.

8. Bougainvillea Pink and Yellow varieties From grafting Sunny as well as Do + 24 Market Do +24 Market shady places. Street, Janbazar Street, Janbazar in front of old Masjid.

9. Marigold Hybrid variety (Big From seeds Sunny as well as Front gate of Muslim Muslim Institute; yellow) shady places. Institute; Maulana Hazi Md. Mohsin Azad College 3rd Square; Maulana Garden. Azad College.

10. Chinese Tagar White flowers From grafting Do Maulana Azad Maulana Azad (Small) College; Prabhu Jisur College; Prabhu Girja. Jisur Girja.

Maulana Azad Maulana Azad 11. Cycas plants Brown megasporophylls Horticultural breeds Do College; Prabhu Jisur College; Prabhu (as ornamental garden) appearing like snakes Girja. Jisur Girja.

12. Kanchan White, pinkish-purple From grafting Do Maulana Azad Maulana Azad (Bauhinia spp.) Colege Garden; Colege Garden; Prabhu Jisur Girja; Prabhu Jisur Mahishadal House Girja; Mahishadal House.

13. Fishtail Palm Dark green leaves with Horticultural Shady places Maulana Azad Maulana Azad spines variety College; Mahishadal Colege Garden; House. Prabhu Jisur Girja; Mahishadal House.

3. Lifescape Diversity

3.3. Plant Diversity: MEDICINAL PLANTS

Sl. Local name Scientific identity Indicative Habitat Use Planted/ natural Present status Local No. of the plant Characteristic but grow with Distribution features / folk care/ wild description

1. Basak Justicia adhatoda White flowers with Grown in dry Leaves extract Planted at Maulana 3-4 Plants are Only seen in (Acanthaceae) purple spots inside; soil used to cure Azad College seen. MAC leaves lanceolate. cough & cold Medicinal Plant Medicinal and throat pain. Garden. Plant Garden

2. Nayantara Catharanthus 2 varieties: Purple- Grown in dry Leaves: juice Planted at Maulana 8-10- plants Maulana Azad roseus (L.) G.Don pink & White as well as wet taken in empty Azad College; College (Apocynaceae) flowers soil. stomach in the Prabhu Jisur Girja. Medicinal morning to Plant Garden; reduce high Prabhu Jisur blood pressure Girja. and to cure diabetes mellitus.

3. Sarpagandha Rauvolfia White flowers with Grown in dry Roots: extracts Planted. 6-7 plants are Only seen in serpentina Benth. pinkish brown as well as wet used to cure seen. Maulana Azad ex Kurz corolla tube; soil. high blood College (Apocynaceae) mature fruits black. pressure, Medicinal eczema and Plant Garden. snake bites.

4. Swet Chita Plumbago White flowers Grown in dry Roots: extract Planted (Maulana 8-10 plants. Only seen in zeylanica L. as well as wet used to treat Azad College); Maulana Azad (Plumbaginaceae) soil. piles, diarrhea, College leprosy; Medicinal Leaves: extract Plant Garden. applied to cure swelling and elephantiasis.

5. Rakta Chita Plumbago indica Rose-red flowers. do Milky juice 6-7 plants Only seen in L. from stem and Planted. Maulana Azad (Plumbaginaceae). leaves used to College treat Medicinal ophthalmia, Plant Garden. scabies and leucoderma.

6. Harjora Cissus 4-angled jointed Do Extract of stem Planted. 3 plants seen Do quadrangularis L. stems with with turmeric (Vitaceae). Greenish-white crushed used to flowers. heal bone fracture.

7. Nishinda Vitex negundo L. Purple flowers; Do Extract of Naturalized 2 plants up to do (Lamiaceae) leaves aromatic leaves used to height of 2 m scented on treat stomachic, seen. crushing. asthma, bronchitis, leucoderma, toothache and promotes growth of hairs.

Mimosa pudica L. Capitate Do Roots: extract Naturalized. 3 plants seen. Only seen in 8. Lajjabati (Leguminosae: inflorescence; used to treat Maulana Azad Mimosoideae). corolla pinkish. leprosy, College dysentery, Medicinal uterine Plant Garden. complaints.

Aloe barbadensis Succulent greenish Moist places. Fleshy juice Planted. 25-20 plants. Do 9. Ghritakumari Mill. (Syn. Aloe leaves. used to cure vera L.) chronic (Liliaceae). constipation, piles, menstrual suppressions, abdominal tumors.

10. Ramtulsi Ocimum Aromatic scented Dry as well as Decoction of Planted. 7 plants Do gratissimum L. leaves; corolla moist places. leaves used to (Lamiaceae). greenish-white. cureseptic wounds; leaf- powder smoked to get relief from asthma.

11. Thankuni Centella asiatica Dark purple Moist places Extract of Planted and Plenty. Maulana Azad (L.) Urban. flowers with leaves used to naturalized. College (Apiaceae). rounded-oval cure weakness, Medicinal leaves, aromatic constipation, Plant Garden; scented on indigestion, Prabhu Jisur crushing. cold & cough, Girja. dysentery, jaundice.

12. Anantamul Hemidesmus Climbing plant Moist & dry Root extract Planted/naturalized. 7-8 plants Only seen in indicus R. Br. with opposite places. used to cure Maulana Azad (acanthaceae) decussate leaves. kidney College troubles, Medicinal chronic Plant Garden. rheumatism, syphilis, piles, used to promote production of breast milk.

13. Krishna Datura innoxia Extract of Planted. 4 plants Do Dhutra Mill. (Solanaceae) Flowers blackish- Do roots used to purple but white treat dogbite, inside. madness.

14. Ban dhane Scoparia dulcis L. Flowers white; Moist places Leaves extract Wild Common Maulana Azad (Scrophulariaceae) leaves sweet in used to cure College taste. kidney stone, campus, painful Muslim urination, Institute, diabetes Mahishadal mellitus. House, Collin street.

15. Salparni Desmodium Flowers white Moist places Root decoction Wild/naturalized Threatened Maulana Azad gangeticum DC. used to cure College (Fabaceae) piles, asthma, Garden; bronchitis and Muslim vomiting. Institute.

*availability/ siting of the plant and change over time (if any) with reasons

3. Lifescape Diversity

3.4. Mushroom / Macro Fungi Diversity

Sl. Local name of Scientific Characteristic Habitat Use Cultivated/ Present Local Remarks No. the mushroom identity features natural but status/ * Distribution (Macro Fungi) grow with care/ wild

1. ---- Polyporus sp. Blackish-brown On fallen Poisonous Natural 4-5 seen Maulana fruiting body with woods at Azad numerous pores on MAC College ventral side Graden campus on fallen wood.

2. Ganoderma Blackish-brown On tree Poisonous Natural 1 seen In front of sp. fruiting body. trunk Muslim Institute on Streblus plant.

3. Schizophyllum Grey-white fruiting On fallen poisonous Natural A small Maulana commune body tree trunk population Azad seen. College campus.

*availability/ siting of the plant and change over time (if any) with reasons

3. Lifescape Diversity

3.3. Plant Diversity: WILD/NATURALIZED PLANTS----HERBS

Sl. Local name of the Scientific Indicative Habitat Use Planted/ natural but Present Local No. plant identity Characteristic grow with care/ wild status Distribution features / folk description

1. Bhui kamri/ Evolvulus Repand herbs, Grown along Decoction of Wild. rare Maulana Bhuisushni nummularius L. generally forming wet and leaves mixed Azad (Fam. mats along moist places. with a glass College Convolvulaceae) ground with of water used Medicinal white flowers. to treat plant and amoebic other 3 dysentery. gardens; Prabhu Jisur Girja campus.

2. Durba/Dubo Cynodon Grown Very Antidysentric, Wild Abundant Sporadic dactylon L. luxuriantly and common, haematuria, distribution forming mats on found as leprosy, (Fam. Poaceae) ground. ground cover conjunctivitis

3. Creeping Dentella repens Creeping low Native to - Wild Abundant Maulana lickstoop/Latane L. herb, leaves India, Azad Malati(Beng)/ elliptic/oblong, College (Fam. flowers 1cm long, Garden Rubiaceae) yellowish white

4. Khet papra Oldenlandia Erect to Very wild abundant Throughout corymbosa (L.) decumbent herb common and ward no. 52 Lam. with white forming flowers ground (Fam. cover. Rubiaceae)

5. Khet papra Oldenlandia Erect herb, Mostly along wild Common do paniculata L. mostly along old old walls. walls. (Fam. Rubiaceae)

6. Malaysian false Lindernia Prostrate Common in wild Common do pimpernel crustaceae (L.) decumbent herb gardens, F. Muell. often forming parks, along mats on ground the ban of (Linderniaceae) cover; flowers water bodies, light purple on old walls.

7. Baby jump-up Macardonia Prostrate Rarely seen wild Rare do procumbens decumbent herb in gardens, (Mill.) Small forming mats on parks, along ground cover, the ban of (Fam. with bright water bodies, Plantaginaceae) yellow flowers. on old walls.

8. Ban Tamak Nicotiana Erect stout herb Rarely seen wild Rare do plumbaginifolia with in gradens, Viv. mucilaginous park, road adhesive side, mostly (Fam. throughout, and during rainy Solanaceae) white tubular season. corolla.

9. Berela/Atibala Sida rhombifolia Erect bush- Common in Decoction of wild common do L. forming herb to gardens, roots mixed dwarf shrub with parks, along with cow milk (Fam. pale orange road side, administered Malvaceae) corolla lawns. to drin to relieve rom rheumatic pain and Leucorrhoea

10. Amrul shak Oxalis Prostrate Common in Extract juice wild common do corniculata L. decumbent mat gardens, from the forming herbs, parks, along leaves & (Fam. often seen in road side, stems used to Oxalidaceae) gardens, parks, lawns. treat lawns. Leaves dysentery, taste sour due to piles and presence of oxalic diarrhea. acid.

11. Fringed Spider Cleome Erect soft plant Common in Introduced/naturalized common do rutidosperma with light purple gardens, flower DC. corolla. parks, along invasive plant. road side, (Fam. lawns. Cleomaceae)

12. Parashi Cleome Erect stout herb Rarely seen Decoction of Wild Rare do icosandra L. with golden in gardens, leaves used to (Syn. Cleome yellow corolla; parks, along cure blood viscosa L.) pungent scented. road side, dysentery. lawns. Fam. Cleomaceae

13. Kesud Eclipta Erect as well as Rarely seen Leaf-juice wild common do prostrate (L.) L. prostrate herb in gardens, used to treat with white parks, along asthma, Fam. Asteraceae capitulum road side, bronchitis, on inflorescence. lawns. scalp of head to grow new hairs.

14. Indian Field Cress Rorippa indica Erect herb with Rarely seen Leaves are Wild/naturalized Rarely seen. do (L.) Hiern linear green fruits in gardens, used as and yellow parks, along vegetables as (Fam. flowers. road side, selling in the Brassicaceae) lawns. Market.

15 Chhotosibjata/Pindi Rungia Prostrate Rarely seen Extract of Wild/naturalized Rarely seen. do pectinata (L.) decumbent mat in gardens, leaves given Nees. (Fam. forming herb with parks, along to the children Acanthaceae) bluish-purple road side, suffering corolla. lawns. small pox.

16 Kakmachhi Solanum nigrum Erect bushy much Commonly Extract of Wild/naturalized Rarely seen. do L. branched herb seen in leaves used to with white gardens, treat asthma, (Fam. flowers and parks and bronchitis, Solanaceae) round-shaped lawns . gout, berries. dysentery and kidney trouble.

17 Ban Notey Amaranthus Erect dwarf shrub rarely seen in Extract of Wild/naturalized Rarely seen. do viridis L. to herb with dark- gardens, leaves and purple parks and stems used to Fam. inflorescence lawns . cure Amaranthaceae without spines. stomachic, colitis, piles, bronchitis, and to improve appetite.

18 Kanta Notey Amaranthus Erect dwarf shrub rarely seen in Extract of Wild/naturalized Rarely seen. do spinosus L. to herb with pale gardens, leaves and green parks and stems used to Fam. inflorescence lawns . cure Amaranthaceae with spines. stomachic, colitis, piles, bronchitis, and to improve appetite.

19 Kansira Commelina Prostrate soft mat Rarely seen Extract of Wild/naturalized Rarely seen. do benghalensis L. forming herb with in gardens, whole plants bluish-purple parks and used to treat (Fam. corolla. lawns . leprosy, Commelinaceae) rheumatic pain, ringworm and eczema.

20 Bara Dudhe Euphorbia hirta Prostrate Rarely seen Extract of Wild/naturalized Rarely seen. do L. decumbent herb in gardens, whole plants with dull brown parks and used to treat Fam. inflorescence. lawns. dysentery, Euphorbiaceae diarrhea and colic.

21 Indian Goose grass Eleusine indica Erect herb with 3- commonly Wild/naturalized Common. do (L.) Gaertn. 6 spielet branches seen in at top. gardens, Fam. Poaceae parks and lawns.

22 Sanchi Alternanthera Prostrate mat commonly Extract of Wild/naturalized Common. do sessilis DC. formin herb with seen in whole plant (Fam. white papery gardens, used to treat Amaranthaceae) bracteates parks and night inflorescence. lawns. blindness and snake bites

23 Khokli/ Buno Acalypha indica Erect stout herb Commonly Extract of Wild/Naturalized Common do Muktojhuri L. with broadly seen in leaves used to ovate lamina and gardens, treat gastro- (Fam. greenish leafy parks, lawns. intestinal Euphorbiaceae) inflorescence irritant, bracts. constipation and stomach ulcer.

24 Bhui amla Phyllanthus Erect herb with Commonly Extract of Wild/Naturalized Common do fraternus greenish flowers. seen in whole plant Webster gardens, used to treat parks, lawns. dysentery and Fam. genitor- Phyllanthaceae urinary problem.

25. Pouzolzia Erect herb with Commonly Wild/Naturalized Common do zeylanica (L.) shiny leaves and seen in Benn. dark brown gardens, flowers parks, lawns. Fam. Urticaceae

3. Lifescape Diversity

3.4. TREES

Sl. No. Local name Scientific identity Indicative characteristic Habitat Importance Present status Local features/folk description distribution

1 Shimul Bombax ceiba L. Tall tree with root Tall tree along Provides shelter Total 17 trees Ward no. 52 buttresses and blood red road side, and nests for seen throughout road side, Jisur Fam. Malvaceae flowers during February- inside Garden more than 10 Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal March. corner. spp. of birds and House and MAC other insects. Garden

2 Aam Mangifera indica L. Tall bushy much-branched along road Provides shelter Total 24 trees Ward no. 52 tree with scented side, inside and nests for seen throughout road side, Jisur Fam.Anacardiaceae greenish-yellow flowers Garden corner. several spp. of Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal during February-March. birds, squirrels, House and MAC lizards, snakes Garden. and other insects.

3 Debdaru Polyalthia longifolia Tall showy tree. along road Provides shelter Total 32 trees Ward no. 52 Sonn. side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur Garden corner. of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal Fam. Annonaceae squirrels, lizards, House and MAC snakes and other Garden. insects. 4 Royal Palm Roystonea regia Tall straight tree with top along road Provides shelter Total 14 trees Ward no. 52 (Kunth) O.F.Cook canopy and branches. side, inside for squirrels, seen throughout road side, Jisur Garden corner. lizards, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal Fam. Arecaceae Woodpecker and House and MAC several spp. of Garden. insects.

5 Mahua Madhuca longifolia Tall bushy much branched along road Provides shelter Total 5 trees Ward no. 52 (J.Konig) J.F.Macbr. tree with scented flowers side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side and and fruits during March. Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 MAC campus. Fam. Sapotaceae park. squirrels, lizards, Woodpecker, owls, bats (big) and several spp. of insects.

6 Bakul Mimusops elengi L. Bushy dwarf much along road Provides shelter Total 14 trees Ward no. 52 branched tree with scented side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur Fam. Sapotaceae grey-white flowers and Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal edible fruits. park. squirrels, lizards, House, Muslim Woodpecker, Institute and owls, bats (big) MAC campus. and several spp. of insects.

7 Portia tree Thespesia populnea Bushy tall much branched along road Provides shelter Total 8 trees Ward no. 52 Correa tree with beautiful yellow side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur flowers and edible fruits. Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal Fam. Malvaceae squirrels, lizards, House, Muslim park. and several spp. Institute and of insects. MAC campus.

8 Sheora Streblus asper L. Bushy dwarf much along road Provides shelter Total 6 trees Ward no. 52 branched tree with side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur Fam. Rutaceae beautiful greenish-yellow Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal flowers and yellow park. squirrels, lizards House, Muslim coloured edible fruits. including But 300 year old Institute. Woodpeckers, big tree seen snakes, owls and inside Muslim several spp. of Institute insects.

9 Indian Charcoal Trema orientalis (L.) Bushy dwarf much along road Provides shelter Total 8 trees Ward no. 52 tree Bl. branched tree with side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur beautiful greenish flowers. Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal Fam. Cannabaceae park. squirrels, lizards House, Muslim and several spp. Institute and of insects. MAC Garden.

10 Neem Azadirachta indica A. Tall much branched tree along road Provides shelter Total 9 trees Ward no. 52 Juss. with beautiful greenish- side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur yellow flowers and Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal Fam. Meliaceae greenish fruits. park. squirrels, lizards House, Muslim and several spp. Institute and of insects. MAC Garden.

11 Jagydumur Ficus glomerata Bushy dwarf much along road Provides shelter Total 6 trees Ward no. 52 Roxb. branched tree with side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur Fam. Moraceae greenish immature fruits. Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal park. squirrels, lizards House, Muslim (leaves shorter) and several spp. Institute and of insects. MAC Garden.

12 Dumur Ficus hispida L.f. Bushy dwarf much along road Provides shelter Total 5 trees Ward no. 52 branched tree with side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur Fam. Moraceae greenish immature fruits. Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal park. squirrels, lizards House, Muslim (Leaves larger) and several spp. Institute and of insects. MAC Garden.

13 Bot Ficus benghalensis L. Bushy tall much branched along road Provides shelter Total 12 trees Ward no. 52 tree with orage-yellow side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur Fam. Moraceae fruits. Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal park. squirrels, lizards, House, Muslim ows, bats and Institute and several spp. of MAC Garden. insects.

14 Pakur Ficus religiosa L. Bushy tall much branched along road Provides shelter Total 10 trees Ward no. 52 tree with Reddish fruits. side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur Fam. Moraceae Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal park. squirrels, lizards, House, Muslim ows, bats and Institute and several spp. of MAC Garden. insects.

15 Pakur Ficus rumphii Bl. Bushy dwarf much along road Provides shelter Total 4 trees Ward no. 52 Fam. Moraceae branched tree with side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur orange-yellow fruits. Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal park. squirrels, lizards, House, Muslim ows, bats and Institute and several spp. of MAC Garden. insects.

16 Pepe Carica papaya L. dwarf tree with greenish- along road Provides shelter Total 6 trees Ward no. 52 yellow flowers. side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur Fam. Caricaceae Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal park. squirrels, lizards, House, Muslim ows, bats and Institute and several spp. of MAC Garden. insects.

17 Jarul Lagerstroemia Tall much-branched tree along road Provides shelter Total 8 trees Ward no. 52 speciosa (L.) Pers. with purple flowers. side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal Fam. Lythraceae park. squirrels, lizards, House, Muslim ows, bats and Institute and several spp. of MAC Garden. insects.

18 Kamranga Averrhoa carambola Dwarf and bushy much- along road Provides shelter Total 2 trees Jisur Girja, and L. branched tree with purple- side, inside for several spp. seen throughout Muslim Institute. brown flowers. Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 Fam. Oxalidaceae park. squirrels, lizards, ows, bats and several spp. of insects.

19 Tecoma Tecoma stans Kunth Dwarf much-branched along road Provides shelter Total 3 trees Ward no. 52 tree with golden yellow side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur Fam. Bignoniaceae flowers. Garden and of birds and Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal park. several spp. of House. insects.

20 Cycas Cycas sp. Dwarf upper crowned inside Garden Provides shelter Total 9 trees Jisur Girja, small tree. and park. for several spp. seen throughout Mahisadal Fam. Cycadaceae of insects. Ward no. 52 House and MAC Garden.

21 Bon Jhau Thuja occidentalis L. Dwarf crown-forming tree inside Garden Provides shelter Total 16 trees Jisur Girja, with blackish-blue cones. and park. for several spp. seen throughout Mahisadal Fam. Cupressaceae of insects. Ward no. 52 House and MAC Garden.

22 Christmas tree Cryptomaria japonica Tall crown-forming tree inside Garden Provides shelter Total 6 trees Jisur Girja, (L.f.) D.Don with blackish-brown and park. for several spp. seen throughout Mahisadal cones. of insects. Ward no. 52 House and MAC Fam. Cupressaceae Garden.

23 Bel Aegle marmelos (L.) Dwarf much-branched along road Provides shelter Total 7 trees Ward no. 52 Correa bush forming tree with side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur greenish-white flowers. Garden and of birds and Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal Fam. Rutaceae park. several spp. of House and MAC insects. Garden.

24 Siris Albizia lebbeck (L.) Tall much-branched along road Provides shelter Total 4 trees Ward no. 52 Benth. canopy forming tree with side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur greenish-white flowers. Garden and of birds and Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal Fam. Fabaceae park. several spp. of House and MAC insects. Garden.

25 Araucaria Araucaria araucana Tall crown-forming tree inside Garden Provides shelter Total 4 trees Jisur Girja, Pav. with blackish-brown and park. for several spp. seen throughout Mahisadal cones. of insects. Ward no. 52 House and MAC Fam. Araucariaceae Garden.

26. Kathbadam Terminalia catappa Tall much-branched bush inside Garden Provides shelter Total 2 trees Ward no. 52 L. forming tree. and park. for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja & Fam. Combretaceae squirrels, lizards, Mahisadal ows, bats and House. several spp. of insects.

27. Chhatim Alstonia scholaris Dwarf much-branched along road Provides shelter Total 7 trees Ward no. 52 (L.) R. Br. bush-forming tree with side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur white scented flowers. Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal Fam. Apocynaceae park. squirrels, lizards, House, Muslim ows, bats and Institute and several spp. of MAC Garden. insects. 28. Rudra palash Spathodea Tall much-branched bush- along road Provides shelter Total 5 trees Ward no. 52 campanulata P. forming tree with red- side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur Beauv. brown showy flowers. Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal park. squirrels, lizards, House, Muslim Fam. Bignoniaceae ows, bats and Institute and several spp. of MAC Garden. insects.

29 Kadam Neolamarckiana Tall much-branched bush- along road Provides shelter Total 12 trees Ward no. 52 cadamba (Roxb.) forming tree with round side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur Bosser heads scented Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal inflorescence. park. squirrels, lizards, House, Muslim Fam. Rubiaceae ows, bats and Institute and several spp. of MAC Garden. insects.

30 Rabar tree Ficus elastica Roxb. Dwarf much-branched along road Provides shelter Total 6 trees Ward no. 52 bush-forming tree. side, inside for several spp. seen throughout road side, Jisur Fam. Moraceae Garden and of birds, Ward no. 52 Girja, Mahisadal park. squirrels, lizards, House, Muslim ows, bats and Institute and several spp. of MAC Garden. insects.

3. Lifescape Diversity

3.5. INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES

Sl. No. Local name Scientific identity Indicative characteristic Habitat Importance Present status Local features/folk description distribution

1 Uchunti Ageratum Erect herb with light purple Along old Reducing the plenty Throughout conyzoides L. to white capitulum, moist walls, growth of native Ward no 52 opposite leaf phyllotaxy. gardens, park species. every where. Fam. Asteraceae

(native of Mexico & Central American Plant)

2 Chhoto Kuksime Vernonia cinerea L. Erect herb with dark purple Along old Reducing the plenty Throughout capitulum, alternate leaf moist walls, growth of native Ward no 52 Fam. Asteraceae phyllotaxy gardens, park species. every where. (native of Mexico & Central American Plant)

3 Phutium Bidens pilosa L. Erect herb with pale yellow Along old Reducing the plenty Throughout capitulum, compound moist walls, growth of native Ward no 52 Fam. Asteraceae leaves. gardens, park species. every where. (native of Central American Plant) 4 Rabanlata Mikania macrantha climbingt shrub with Along old Reducing the plenty Throughout Kunth greenish-white capitulum, moist walls, growth of native Ward no 52 simple leaves. climbing along species. every where. Fam. Asteraceae trees of gardens (native of Central & parks. American Plant)

5 Putus Lantana camara Erect shrub with curved Road side Reducing the plenty Throughout L. thorny stem and branches; corners, growth of native Ward no 52 colourful corolla ranging gardens and species. every where. Fam. Verbenaceae from yellow, red to orange. park, on old (native of Central walls. American Plant)

6 Cleome Erect herb with purple Along old Reducing the plenty Throughout rutidosperma DC. corolla, trifoliate moist walls, growth of native Ward no 52 compound leaves. gardens, park species. every where. Fam. Cleomaceae

7 Chaanchi Alternanthera Mat forming herbs with Along old Reducing the plenty Throughout tenella Colla white papery flowers. moist walls, growth of native Ward no 52 gardens, park species. every where. Fam. Amaranthaceae

(Central Americal plant)

3. Lifescape Diversity

3.5. Animal Diversity : Wild

Sl. Local name Scientific Indicative Habitat Importance Present Local Remarks No. Identity Characteristic status* Distribution features / folk description

1. Kathberali Three stripied Grey body with three Mahua Tree Pollinating 2 seen All over on big palm Squirrel striped. of Maulana Mahua flowers trees in and Psittacula Azad around Ward No. krameri College, 52. Kolkata Maulana Azad College Campus.

2. Kak (House Corvus Entirely black body Very Clearing all Plenty Throughout Ward Crow) splendens common dead & rotten No. 52. throughout bodies as Ward no. 52. Nests seen on big trees. 3. Pecha (Owl) Order: Grey-brown body with Lowering rat Rarely seen. Maulana Azad (Laxmi Pecha)/ Strigiformes white mouth Old building populations. college Campus; Eastern Barn (Tyto javanica) holes Throughout other Owl areas especially on the old buildings of Ward No. 52.

Cheel/Black Milvus migrans Pale-Black body. Nests seen As scavengers. Plenty. Throughout Ward 4. Kite on old trees No. 52.

Kokil/Asian Eudynamys Entirely Black Body. often seen Indicating Common Throughout Ward 5. Koel scolopacea during spring time. during No. 52. February- February- March. March.

Spotted Sreptopelia Greyish-brown body Not Not known Not common Throughout Ward 6. Dove/Chhite chinensis common no. 52 (Maulana Ghughu Azad College, Muslim Institute, Mahishadal House, on the branches of trees)

7. House sparrow/ Passer Grey-brown body Not known Common Throughout Ward Chhoti Charai domesticus Common no. 52: Maulana Azad College campus trees; Muslim Institute Sheora tree; road 8. side trees. Red-Vented Pycnonotus Black body with red Often seen Not known Not common Do. Bulbul/Bulbul cafer vent on tree 9. branches. Common Acridotheres Grey/pale Brown body Do Do Common Do Myna/Salik tristis

10. Asian Pied Sturnus contra Blackish-white body Rarely seen Do Threatened Do Starling/Guye Salik

11. Woodpecker Dinopium sp. Orange-yellow body Often seen It is eating Not seen in Maulana Azad [Common Family: Picidae with red head and after 4 PM larvae of some other areas. College Campus Golden back white neck; tail black. regularly on unknown 2nd Garden Palm woodpecker] palm tree. insects from Tree. Bar of the tree.

Order: 12. Indian Flying Chiroptera Black body with Maulana Fruits eating Rare & seen on the Fox/Frugivorous [Pteropus sp.] orange-yellow ventral Azad mammals Threatened. branches of Bat (Big) side. College, (Mahua, Mahua plant of Mahua tree. Kadam, mango Mulana Azad etc) College; Muslim Role: Institute; Prabhu Pollinating Jisur Girja flowers. campus; Mahisadal House. Order: 13. Moutusi Passerine Grey yellow ventrally, Maulana Pollinating Threatened. Maulana Azad /Sunbird Cinnyris brownish back with Azad flowers College, Kolkata. asiaticus long pointed bill. College Mahua plant.

14. Bar-winged Prinia Greyish-brown body MAC Insect eaters Very rare Maulana Azad Prinia familiaris with white ventral Medicinal College Fam. surface plant Medicinal plant Cisticolidae Garden Garden. Mango tree

15. Magpie Robin Copsychus Bluish-black on the MAC Insect eaters Common Maulana Azad saularis dorsal side. White on Medicinal College Campus Fam. the ventral side. plant Mango Garden. Muscicapidae tree.

16. Copper smith Megalaima sp. Olive-Green body with MAC Insect & fruit Common. Maulana Azad Barbet/Basanta Fam. crimson forehead & Mahua Plant eaters College; Muslim bouri Megalaimidae throat, red spot on the Institute; forehead. Mahisadal House; Collin street.

17. Tiktiki (House Hemidactylus Pale yellowish brown MAC Class Insect eaters Common Inside and outside Gecko) flaviviridis body with rooms house throughout Fam. pentadactylus limb & Ward no. 52. Geckkonidae clawed digits.

16. Garden Lizard Calotes sp. Pale yellowish body MAC Insect eaters Rarely seen. Maulana Azad with black transverse Medicinal College; Muslim bars. Plant Institute; Garden. Mahisadal House.

17. Dhere Indur Bandicota Ash colour body; big MAC 1st Plant roots, Common Maulana Azad (Rat) bengalensis sized. Garden tubers, waste College; Muslim foods Institute; Mahisadal House; Collin street.

18. Chhucho Talpa sp. Dark brown body Botany Waste foods; Common Throughout Ward Fam. Talpidae Department earthworms, no. 52. insect & centipede.

19. Mete Sap Grey-yellow body with MAC Small frogs, Not common Maulana Azad small round spots Medicinal toad College; Muslim plant garden Institute; Mahisadal House and road side trees.

19. Kecho Lumbricus Blackish-brown body. Do Organic Common Maulana Azad (Earthworm) terrestris matters & College; Muslim Order: small microbes Institute; Opisthopora found in soil. Mahisadal House and road side trees. 20. Arshola Periplanata Redish-brown winged Througout Eating small Common Do. (Cockroach) americana body. ward no. 52 dead insects Order. and waste Blattodea. foods.

21. Dragonfly Sympetrum sp. Transparent Brown Throughout Eating Common. Maulana Azad (Faring) Order:Odonata wing; ward no. 52. mosquitoes, College Garden. flies and other flying insects.

22. Damselfly Ischnura Green colour body & Throughout Eating leaves Common. MAC Garden. (Bans Faring) heterosticta legs. ward no. 52. juice Order: Odonata

23. Honey bees Apis indica Black-yellow body Honey hives Eating flower Common. MAC Garden, Fam. Apidae seen inside and on on Simul nectar. Simul tree. Honey hives on Simul tree, MAC. tree, MAC.

24. Grasshopper Omocestus Green body and legs. Mac Eating Leaf Common Throughout ward viridulus Garden, juice. no. 52 (Park, Fam.Orthoptera Muslim garden etc). institute park, Jisur Girja Garden

25. Toad (kuno Duttaphrynus Dark brownish-yellow Mac Eating small Common Do. beng) melanostictus body. Gardens, insects. Order. Anura old house corners.

26. Bham Viverricula sp. Greyish-yellow with Mac campus IUCN Red Rarely seen Throughout ward Beral/Civet cat blackish stripes and listed during night. no. 52, especially long tail. in old and broken buildings. 27. Prajapati/ 6 spp. Black-white (common Road side Butterflies crow), orange and trees, Common Mostly seen Do black (Common gardens and inside MAC Tiger), White. parks. Medicinal Garden.

28. Black Ant Family: Shiny black body. Along trunk Common. Mostly seen in Do. Formicidae of Simul Maulana Azad and Mahua College trees, Campus Maulana Garden. Azad College Garden. *availability/ siting of the animal and change over time (if any) with reasons

3. Lifescape Diversity

3.6. Animals Diversity (Domesticated)

Sl. Name of Indicative Importance: Source of the Opinions(if any) of the Availability Remarks No. the breed characteristics advantages and breeds locals on changing disadvantages of pattern of domestication of breed domestication

1. Kukur Neri/Road side Mainly act as Desi- Their number is Plenty; every (Dog) sheltered domesticated increasing day by day, locality throughout guard for a particular KMC should look after Ward no.52. area. this matter. 2. Goru i. Bangla body i.milk production is less, i.Indigenour to Maintaining cost for Available on the (Cow) rectangular, small however cos to look West Bengal. Bihar/Punjab breed is street (Collin street, head, long snout, after---less. too high compare to mil Rafi Ahmed Kidwai strong neck. production, rather Desi- Rd, Muslim Bangla breed is better Institute area), on ii. Punjab/Bihar ii.Taken from ii.Milk production is Punjab & Bihar (mostly interviewed). open Reddish-brown grounds/wastelands. colour, often blac high and cost is also with white belts. high.

3. Beral i.Feral Cat Decreasing rat Feral Cat Their number is Plenty; mostly seen (Cat) strong flexible population throughout increased compare to on streets, old body; sharp teeth Ward no. 52. last 10 years. KMC building corners,

& Claws; usually should look after the walls etc.

white in colour, Still they are disturbing matter. local people by eating rarely black. their foods. 4. Murgi i.Poultry Small These are main protein i.Poultry i. price is going to be i.available at every compact light food for local people. increased day by day Chicen Meat Shop (Hen) body. ii.Desi ii. less available compare ii.available on the ii.Desi small to its demand and price street; in front of head with well set is increased. house and inside comb. cage of Chicen Shop

5. Hans i.Gadwall These are domesticated i.Gadwal Maintaing cost is too Earlier Ducks were (Duck) Elongated, broad for the purpose of high than market plenty, even at body; bill broad; supplementary protein ii.Pintail demand. every house, but wing long and food purpose. now it is smooth. domesticated by a few local people. ii.Pintail slightly shorter with strong scaly legs; wing short & pointed.

6. Chhagal i.Jumnapari long These are domesticated i.Jumnapari Due to high price maret Earlier Desi Goat (Goat) ears with short for their meats. But price demand is going to be was domesticated at horns, upward is too high. ii.Nabad less. every house, but curved tail, various recently due to high colours black, maintaining cost, white and brown. people are not interested to rear ii.Nabad Long goats at their house. hairs with short And main problem horns but but body hairs are long. is shortage of Goat- huts.

7. Tia (Rose- Rose-ringed Domesticated inside Rose-ring Maintaining cost is high, People are thinking ringed green coloured cage by very few people. so people are not caged birds are not Parrot) body with red beak interested. good for and rose-ring neck. conservation, it is better birds must be inside their nests of trees.

8. Badar Grey-brown-- Domesticated and Grey brown Maintaining cost is high. Earlier monkeys (Monkey) trained one for the were seen plenty on purpose of livelihood. the nearby trees, but now their number is decreased due to rapid urbanization.

9. Badri 5- 4- breeds: yellow, Domesticated 4- breeds: Maintaining cost is high. This is a breed Breeds blue, green with yellow, blue, (Parrot) black stripes, grey- At the house of Sumit green with white Routh, Maulana Azad black stripes, College Campus Quarter grey-white

4. Peoplescape Diversity

4.1. Primary user group

Sl. No. Primary user group Biodiversity resources used for livelihood

1. Collin Street: Marowari community 1. Maize (Zea mays L.)---Bhutta (Source: College Street)

2. 8, Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Road in front of Maulana Azad College: 2. Cucumber (Sasha/Khira)---selling 150-200 pieces per day---earned Rs Majhi community 350-400 per day as profit, which is the only means of her family livelihood. (Source of Cucumber: Sealdah market).

3. Janbazar Footpath area: Agarwal Community 3. Fruits Stall (Apple, Oranges, Papaya, banana, Grapes, Mango, Water melon, Quebe) coming from Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Nasik & Nagpur (Maharashtra). They earned Rs. 300-500/- per day as profit, which is the means of their livelihood.

4. Muslim Institute Front Gate: Muslim community 4. Fruit Stall (Apple (Kashmir & Himachal Pradesh), Orange (Nagpur), Papaya (Sealdah market), Grapes (Nasik), banana (Sonarpur)----he earned Rs. 400-500/- per day as profit, which is the only means of livelihood.

4. Peoplescape Diversity

4.3. Knowledgeable persons (traditional knowledge holders related to biodiversity)

Sl. No. Name and address Occupation Nature of their knowledge Whether this knowledge/ information is being transferred to others 1. Sri Asim Das (Age: 52) Maulana Azad College Gate 1. Earlier and present animals: keeper Bats, kites, Owls Yes. He conveyed these to young Ward No. 52, Maulana Azad 2. Medicinal plants and their generations. College, Kolata. uses. 3. Bioresources used in Onkarnath Puja

2. Sri Sumit Rout, Ward No. 52. Maulana Azad College 1. Bioresources used during Yes. He conveyed to all. Maulana Azad College Staff Chhat Puja. Quarter. 2. Animals: Bat & Bham

1. Animals: Rose-ringed She conveyed to all. 3. Smt. Purnima Singh (46) Housewife Parrot, Bats (one week Maulana Azad College Staff interval seen), Owl (often Quarter, 8,Rafi Ahmed Kidwai come on bat trees), Road. Kolkata-13. Kathberali, Chandrabora snake, Munia bird (she caught), Ghighu, Dove 2. Medicinal plants.

4. Peoplescape Diversity

4.4. Rituals and festivals related to biodiversity

Sl. No. Name of the ritual/ festival Communities who Time period of Bioresources Socio-cultural Remarks perform/participate ritual/ festival utilized in ritual/ significance of the in/ celebrate the festival bioresource ritual/ festival

Chhat Puja Bihari Sudra 3 days during Theua Ladoo, Social peace and 1.Prior to one week 1. October-November: Banana leaves, mental peace of this Puja, every Informant: Smt. Evening & Mango leaves, ofevery house must family must start Parvati Sharma Morning. coconut, carrot, be established in vegetarian foods. (Age: 62) cucumber, this community. Collin Street, near Sugarcane, rice, 2. Big Pond or river Sonar Bangla Hotel. turmeric, ginger water needed, so plant, apple, they visit Babughat banana, musambi Ganga river Ghat lebu etc. every year.

2. OM PUJA/Omkarnath Baba Kayastha 1 day: Daily Belpata, Datura Puja community flower, Marigold For peace at home. Informant: Sri Worshipper must flower. Ashim Das (Age: Gayatri 52) Mantra Maulana Azad front of Baba College gate Keeper. Omkarnath.

2 days with day 3 Sabebarat Muslim Community time fasting, only Informant: MD. during Sabebarat Halwa (Suji)---they Peace at Home. Shoab Alam (Age: festival time. eat at night. 71). Muslim Institute Lane. They need to stay awake during night.

Sabebarat Muslim: Sunni 2 days during 4 community: Sabebarat festival Halwa (Suji) & To respect their Informant: MD. like above. Puri. ancestors and Ansar Ali (Age: 55) mental peace at Maulana Azad every home. College Staff Quarter.

Kali Puja Hindu community: 1 day at night. Flowers: Jaba, For peace at every 5 Informant: Shurun Dhutra, Akanda & home. Singh, Janbazar Belpata. more, Taltala, Kol- 5 types of fruits 13. Ward no. 52. needed: Apple, Banana, Orange, Potato, Brinjal.

5. Traditional folklore/ lyrics/ songs related to biodiversity 1. Ward No. 52: Maulana Azad College Campus, 8 Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Road, Kolkata: Kalmeghe rakta saf, Basake kaf saf, nim jale dub dile chale jay pap ---Smt Purnima Singh (age 46).

2. Ward No. 52: Collin Street, near Sonal Bangla Hotel: Pratidin Sakale Belpata khele budhhi bare o Khide pai ----Smt. Shippa Rai (Age: 68) 6. Problems, Planning, Recommendations and Aspirations of the local people regarding biodiversity of the Ward No. 52 i. Smt. Purnima Singh (Maulana Azad College Staff Quarter, Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Road) Owls and bats are often visiting the banyan tree , mainly to eat fruits, so she recommends to conserve this big Banyan tree, so more than 15 spp. of birds, squirrels, lizards, and snakes can peacefully get shelter here. ii. Asim Das (Maulana Azad College Gate Keeper) Big Bats often visit Mahua tree, especially during March-april. Besides, Owl, woodpecker and Kites are also visiting this tree. So he recommend to conserve this tree inside the campus.

2. Annexures

Market Survey

Sl. No. Bioresource Use(s) Cultivated/ wild and Range of selling price Remarks source area Fruits: In front of Muslim Eaten as raw by Cultivated and coming from Apple: 30 kg per week His family (consisting of 1 Institute gate: the local people outside West Bengal: (profit Rs. 10/ per kg) 7 members) is entirely Apple: Kashmir & Orange: 20 dozen per week dependent on this Informant: MD. Adris Ali Himachal Pradesh (profit Rs 12 per dozen) bioresource selling. (Age 62). Ward No. 52 Orange: Nagpur Grapes: 50 kg per week (Maharashtra) (Profit Rs. 20/- per kg) Grapes: Nasik Water melon: 50 kg per (Maharashtra) week (profit Rs. 12/- per kg) Banana: West Bengal Banana: 30 dozen per week (North & South 24-Pgs) (profit Rs. 12 per dozen) Quebi: Nasik Quebi: 5 kg per week Watermelon: Bihar & WB (profit Rs. 30/- per kg)