The Spring 2013 Bangladeshi Garment Factories Loomis Chaffee Vietnam’s Brain Drain Football in Africa World Bulletin Iranian Election Remembering Margaret Thatcher Bringing the World to the Island Immigrant Stories Spring 2013 / Volume 4, Number 3 From the Editor-in-Chief Contents To Our Readers: From Treasure Hunting to Story Hunting: A Meditation on History Asia Europe 5 | Safety vs. Profits: The Tragedy of 18 | A Guesthouse-Living, Bus-Boarding Pope When I was five, about stories – it’s about his story, and her story; it’s Bangladeshi Garment Factories - Catherine Choi ’16 my grandfather about a people’s story, a nation’s story, a culture’s story. -Leah Rubin ’14 would take me on History is not just a textual rendition, it is not just 18 | Sauna Summit: The Nordic Solution to the wild explorations the chapters of Foner or the theses of McPherson – it 6 | Miniskirts and Prostitutes: Global Economic Crisis through the Italian is the influences and reasons behind a nuclear threat, The Sex Trade in South Korea -Paul Nguyen ’14 countryside. I behind the Ba’ath Party; it is the dreams, hopes, -Caroline Dodson ’14 would pretend and feelings of the people involved; it is the delicate 19 | Remembering the “Iron Lady” that I was Indiana complexity of a decision, of a life. 7 | Tension on the Korean Peninsula -Pim Senanarong ’13 Jones, an agile Stories have the power to change us, to kindle -Seyun Kim ’14 and Jungyeon Lim ’14 a r c h a e o l o g i s t , an intense curiosity, a deep empathy, and an acute 21 | An Immigrant’s Story: Interviews with searching for awareness of the magnitude of a single moment. The 8 | Vietnam’s Brain Drain Aramark’s Khayriya, Fatime, Selvira, and Enver forgotten tombs voices and stories we hear can serve as our mentors, -Linh Tran ’15 -Arianna Calabrese ’13 and lost treasures, teaching us from their triumphs and their mistakes, fearing snakes, and battling off the occasional bad guy reminding us to carry on in the face of hardship, 9 | Chechnya, the Tsarnaevs, – or, in my case, the occasional stray dog. Instead of urging us to stand up for what we believe in. and a Secret Network reading about the agricultural history of Salento, we At Loomis, I have been able to explore all of these -Bobby Turner ’14 The Americas would trek through rough, summer grasses to discover stories with the same wonder and fascination as my 24 | things for ourselves. We would rummage through five-year-old self. At Loomis, I have been able to take 10 | An Interview with Dr. Long Nguyen, the Nicolás Maduro: abandoned farms to look for crumbling mosaics; we a hands-on approach to history. While I might not be Elusive and Easy-Going Vietnamese Math Teacher Son of Chávez, or Savior of Venezuela? would descend into musky crypts to look for open wearing my Indiana Jones-style hat, and while I might -Thomas Lam ’14 -Paige Mickel ’14 graves; and we would check everywhere and anywhere not be sifting through the dirt with a trowel, I have 25 | for the lost Templar treasure. been wearing a sturdy pair of glasses and a perceptive Heated Topics on the Docket: Decisions Now, take a moment to imagine (or remember) set of ears and I have been sifting through original texts of the 2013 United States Supreme Court the wonder of a five-year-old. Endless curiosity that with a curious mind. In Civil War, we dive into original Africa -Kath Kryuchkova ’13 leads to, well, endless lines of questioning. A passion texts, passionately comparing Lincoln’s very own 12 | to explore, to discover. A desire to understand, like eloquent words to Jefferson Davis’s (in my opinion) Passion and Politics at Play: Football in Africa big kids do. Those explorations with my grandfather sub-par speeches; in Art History, we learned about -Krishna Kulkarni ’13 and Ji Hee Yoon ’13 Global were unbelievably fascinating for me, and I looked Michelangelo and Caravaggio, analyzing color choice, 14 | forward to every summer when I could don my Indie angle, and subject, and then we took a trip to the Met Malian Refugee Camps - Catherine Choi ’16 27 | Challenges Still Facing hat, grab my magnifying glass, and sink my trowel into to see those paintings first hand; we research complex Women Around the World the packed dirt. situations from all angles, interviewing students, -Natasia Nabila ’16 With each outing, we took some memento to help faculty, and staff, to write and edit comprehensive us remember the experience, to add to our growing articles about intricate issues for the World Bulletin; in Middle East 28 | An Interview with Mrs. Marley Matlack, collection of antiques and artifacts. We took some U.S. History, we become our own historians – endlessly Associate Director of the Center for Global Studies memento to help truly connect us to the site and researching, investigating, probing, and analyzing to 15 | The Iranian Election -Paige Mickel ’14 to its history, because honestly, what better human write our very own – lengthy– theses. - Sam Verney ’14 connection than running the pad of your thumb At Loomis, we live steeped in history. It pervades — along the soft ridge of a 3rd century BC, handcrafted our discussion; it inspires our common goal of the 16 | A Walk in Time: The Ba’ath Party (Part II) 30 | Image Sources terracotta face? Well, as I got older, I realized that we school, our mission to “advance the development in -Yusuf Alnawakhtha ’14 were – to be blunt – grave robbers, although I still like spirit, mind and body of boys and girls drawn from 31 | Also in the News to refer to ourselves as “treasure hunters,” or rather, diverse cultural and social backgrounds and to inspire 17 | Preventing a Second Syria “history hunters.” But when I was five, history was in them a commitment to the best self and the -Cherie Yin ’15 Spring 2013 / Volume 4, Number 3 the gold ring we had uncovered, the broken indigo tile common good.” We live surrounded by our artifacts we had pocketed. It was an unchronological history of and treasures from the past, our perfectly-shined EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Arianna Calabrese ’13 things – time told by its artifacts, by its leftovers. relief sculpture of Taylor’s nose, our amalgamation My five-year-old desire to explore and to connect of brick designs on the senior path. Stories change ASSISTANT EDITORS: Kath Kryuchkova ’13 to the past never waned. But my understanding of us. But even more so do our stories define us, do our Krishna Kulkarni ’13 history has matured. Now, in its most basic definition, histories define us - they shape our characters, they Thomas Lam ’14 Sam Verney ’14 history, noun, is the study of past events. But in my inspire us to do better, to be better. definition, it is so much more than that. History is all Faculty Adviser / Copy & Layout: Rachel M. Engelke

2 3 About the Writers asia

YUSUF ALNAWAKHTHA ’14 (“A Walk in Time: The Ba’ath Party, captain of the JV Soccer team, plays lacrosse, is a tour guide, and she Part 2”), born in Manama and raised in Tubli, is the resident Bahraini in traveled to the Dominican Republic with fellow Loomis Chaffee students Batchelder Dormitory. A new junior, Yusuf is a member of the Arab World in March as part of the Global Studies program. Paige has previously Safety vs. Profits: The Tragedy of Affiliation, the Math Team, Robotics Team, Model United Nations, and written about Scottish independence (Spring 2012), the reelection of Hugo the Debate Society. Previous World Bulletin articles include “Finding Peace Chávez (Fall 2012), and Kenyan democracy (Winter 2013). Paige will be the Bangladeshi Garment Factories by Leah Rubin ’14 in Nuclear Weapons” (Fall 2012) and “A Walk in Time: The Ba’ath Party, Editor-in-Chief of the 2013-14 World Bulletin. Part 1” (Winter 2013). NATASIA NABILA ’16 (“Challenges Still Facing Women Around On Wednesday, April 24, a building housing Western clients, such as Wal-Mart, Mango, and United ARIANNA CALABRESE ’13 (“An Immigrant’s Story: Interviews with the World”), is a Southeast Asian from Indonesia. The 1998 revolt in the Aramark Employees”), Bulletin Editor-in-Chief, lives in Mason Dormitory. country forced her family to escape to Singapore; hence, Nat is determined multiple garment factories in Dhaka, Bangladesh Colors of Benetton. By then, his company had moved From Vernon, Connecticut, Arianna is also a Head Tour Guide and a Peer to make a difference in eradicating prejudice and gender inequality. She collapsed, killing at least 1,100 workers. Only five into the sixth and seventh floors of the Rana Plaza, Counselor, and she serves on the student advisory committee for the is interested in reading, writing, and linguistic exploration, as well as in months after a horrendous fire at the Tazreen a new multi-use complex built by a local politician, Center for Global Studies. This is Arianna’s tenth, and final, article for playing badminton or tennis under the lazy sun. Nat made her World the Bulletin, having written about everything from Islam in America and Bulletin debut in the Winter 2013 issue with an article entitled “Loomis Fashions factory last November that killed more Sohel Rana. Occupy Wall Street to Silvio Berlusconi and Burma. Arianna will attend Makes Me ‘Whole’: Perspectives from an International Student.” than 100 people, the recent catastrophe has brought According to Dhaka city officials, Mr. Rana Georgetown University in the fall. international attention to foreign retailers’ failure to constructed the complex without first seeking PAUL NGUYEN ’14 (“Sauna Summit: The Nordic Solution to the CATHERINE CHOI ’16 (“Malian Refugee Camps” and “A Guesthouse- Global Economic Crisis”), from Hanoi, Vietnam, is a new junior at LC and improve the hazardous working conditions, as well mandatory permits from a municipal safety compliance Living, Bus-Boarding Pope”), from Seoul, South Korea lives in Harman a resident of Batchelder Dormitory. He is a member of the Debate Team as shedding light on the rock-bottom wages rampant regulator. General Ali Ahmed Khan, head of the Hall. She plays JV Volleyball, JV Basketball, and JV Tennis, and is a and Boston Model UN, and enjoys cycling and playing tennis. Previous National Fire Service, claims the Rana Plaza breached member of the Concert Band, playing both clarinet and piano. Catherine World Bulletin articles include “Myanmar: What’s the Future for Asia’s made her World Bulletin this winter with an article about Pope Benedict Next Economic Tiger?” (Fall 2012) and “China’s Economy: Waiting for the countless building codes and that its four upper floor XVI’s resignation. Bubble to Pop” (Winter 2013). were built illegally, without permits. Adding, “There CAROLINE DODSON ’14 (“Miniskirts and Prostitutes: The Sex LEAH RUBIN ’14 (“Safety vs. Profits: The Tragedy of Bangladeshi was a structural fault as well,” General Khan notes Trade in South Korea”) is a boarder in Mason Dormitory from Boston, Garment Factories”) is a boarder in Palmer Dormitory from Stamford, the subpar foundation of the building, among other Massachusetts. Caroline enjoys helping out with Student Activities in Connecticut. She is on the Confluence staff, is an active (and award-winning!) hazardous flaws of the building (Julfikar Ali Manik and her free time. Her previous World Bulletin article, “Radical Bailouts and debater and Model UN delegate, is Vice President of the Junior Class, Unprecedented Elections Rock Ireland,” appeared in the Spring 2011 issue. and she serves on the Rules Committee of the Student Council. Leah has Jim Yardley, “Building Collapse in Bangladesh Leaves previously written about the Arab Spring and Israeli-Egyptian relations Scores Dead,” , 24 April 2013). SEYUN KIM ’14 The New York Times (“Tension on the Korean Peninsula”), from Seoul, (Spring 2012), the Bo Xilai scandal in China (Fall 2012), and North Korean However, when cracks appeared on an exterior wall South Korea, lives in Palmer Dormitory. She is a tour guide and an nuclear weapons (Winter 2013). International Student Ambassador, and this is her second World Bulletin of the building on Tuesday, April 23rd, employees were article, having made her debut in the Fall 2012 issue with an article entitled PIM SENANARONG ’13 (“Remembering the ‘Iron Lady’”), from ordered back to work, after only an initial evacuation, “The Last Colony: The Fight for the Falkland Islands.” Bangkok, Thailand, lives in Ammidon Dormitory. Co-Editor-in-Chief of The LOG, Pim is also the Vice President of the Senior Class. This is Pim’s by factory managers. Mr. Rana apparently reassured KATH KRYUCHKOVA ’13 (“Heated Topics on the Docket: Decisions fourth Bulletin article; previous contributions include: “Rising Anxiety on the factory owners that the building would stand “for of the 2013 United States Supreme Court”) from Moscow, Russia, makes the Korean Peninsula” (Spring 2011), “South Africa’s Renewable Energy another 100 years” (Al-Mahmood and Banjo). The her home on the Island in Palmer Dormitory. Kath is an International Industry” (Winter 2012), and “Violence in Sudan” (Spring 2012). Pim plans Student Ambassador, was a Sophomore Retreat facilitator, and is a 2-year to attend Northeastern University this fall. The building collapse catastrophe in Bangladesh has caused following day, the factory collapsed with an estimated member of the Yale Model United Nations team. She also volunteers more than 1,100 deaths. 3,000 to 3,500 employees still in it. A senior fire with the community service program and plays guitar. This is Kath’s sixth LINH TRAN ’15 (“Vietnam’s Brain Drain”) hails from Ho Chi Minh, article for the World Bulletin; previous contributions include: “The Cult Vietnam, and is a resident in Harman Hall. A new sophomore, Linh is a throughout the country. service official said 2,350 had been rescued from the of Putin” (Spring 2011), “Russian Parliamentary Elections: Fraud Goes member of the Debate Society, and she makes her World Bulletin debut Bangladesh has been plagued by building collapses concrete rubble of the building, but that hundreds Too Far” (Winter 2012), “A Cold Denial of Human Rights: Anti-LGBT with this article! for decades due to poor construction techniques, still remained unaccounted for. Two days later cries for Legislation in Russia” (Spring 2012), “A Dream Come True for Georgia, But Whose Dream?” (Fall 2012), and “Keeping Promises: U.S. Troops in BOBBY TURNER ’14 (“Chechnya, the Tsarnaevs, and a Secret shoddy materials, and limited inspections, which help through cracks in the concrete were still audible. Afghanistan” (Winter 2013). Kath will attend Brown University this fall. Network”) is a new junior from Windham, Connecticut. A resident of allow factory owners to cut costs as they compromise Rescuers continued the search-and-rescue missions Taylor Dormitory, Bobby competes on the Cross Country and Track KRISHNA KULKARNI ’13 (“Passion and Politics at Play: Football teams, he participates in the Community Service program, and he writes safety standards. The second largest garment exporter days after the collapse as waiting family members and in Africa”) is from West Hartford, Connecticut. An RA in Batchelder for the Opinion section of The LOG. Bobby made his World Bulletin debut behind China, Bangladesh has experienced rapid protesters crowded around the debris of the building. Dormitory, Krishna is also a 2-year member of both the Yale and Boston in the Winter 2013 issue with an article about crime and drug wars in growth in the garment industry as rising wages in The collapse of the building sparked over 10,000 Model UN delegations. Additionally, he plays the tenor saxophone, runs Acapulco, Mexico. Cross Country, and plays Ultimate Frisbee. Krishna has previously written China have pushed many global retailers to search for Bangladeshi garment workers to protest their poor about racism in Australia (Winter 2012), Egypt’s president Mohamed SAM VERNEY ’14 (“The Iranian Election”) is a day student from West lower costs elsewhere. Although Bangladesh currently working conditions and low wages in the streets of Morsi (Fall 2012), malaria in Africa (Fall 2012), and Turkey (Winter 2013). Simsbury, Connecticut. A member of the Concert Choir and Chamber has the lowest set minimum wage for factory workers Dhaka, the nation’s capital. At the site of the collapse, Krishna will head off to New York University in the fall. Singers, a proud 3-year Club Soccer veteran, and former NEO thespian (Hairspray), Sam has written for the World Bulletin about Al-Jazeera fixed at a mere $37 a month (Syed Zain Al-Mahmood police fired rubber bullets and tear gas in attempts to THOMAS LAM ’14 (“An Interview with Dr. Long Nguyen”) is a ­(Winter 2012), the election of French president Francois Hollande (Spring and Shelly Banjo, “Deadly Collapse in Bangladesh,” remove angry protesters. As anger mounts, many look resident of Taylor Dormitory, hailing from Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. He 2012), Libya a year after the Arab Spring (Fall 2012), and the economic , 24 April 2013), both factory abroad to the foreign companies that they feel are, is a member of Phage, the Robotics Team, the Boys and Girls Club, the crisis in Greece (Winter 2013). The Wall Street Journal Confluence staff, and the Math Team. Thomas also tutors in the QRC owners and companies continue to look for other at a minimum, partially responsible for this calamity. during his free time! Previous World Bulletin articles include: “The 2012 CHERIE YIN ’15 (“Preventing a Second Syria”), from Shanghai, China, ways to reduce expenses. Thus, workers’ safety and the While some retailers such as the low-budget store Egyptian Election and the Legacy of Hosni Mubarek” (Spring 2012) and lives in Harman Hall. She tried lacrosse for the first time this spring, and “Diaoyu Dispute: Sino-Japanese Turmoil in the East China Sea” (Fall 2012). enjoyed it quite a bit. Cherie also plays piano with the Chamber Music basic right of access to a healthy work environment Primark and the Canadian retail giant, Joe Fresh, are ensembles and she participated in two Model UN conferences. This is have been compromised for the economic gain of a offering monetary compensation to victims, most JUNGYEON LIM ’14 (“Tension on the Korean Peninsula”) is from Cherie’s debut article in the World Bulletin. select few. Bazlus Samad Adnan, like many foreign retailers involved blame the collapse on the failure of Gwangju, South Korea and lives in Palmer Dormitory. She is a member of the Concert Band and she participates in Community Service as well. JI HEE YOON ’13 (“Passion and Politics at Play: Football in Africa”) is retailers, seized the opportunity presented by local authorities to monitor building safety. This is Jung’s second World Bulletin article, having made her debut in the from Seoul, South Korea and lives in Palmer Dormitory. She is president Bangladesh’s cheap and readily available labor force. Accordingly, Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Spring 2012 issue with an article about the globalization of the Korean of the Debate Society, a 3-year leader of the Model United Nations In 2006, Mr. Adnan founded a small clothing factory, Hasina ordered the arrest of both Mr. Rana and Mr. entertainment industry. team, a member of the Student Council’s Curriculum Committee, and a co-president of the Pelican Service Organization. Ji Hee has written New Wave Style, on the borders of the slums in Adnan, along with the four other factory members PAIGE MICKEL ’14 (“Nicolás Maduro: Son of Chávez, or Savior of previously about post-tsunami Japan (Winter 2012), endangered languages Dhaka, Bangladesh. Within only a few years, Adnan’s who ordered their employees back to work following Venezuela?” and “An Interview with Mrs. Marley Matlack”) is from New (Spring 2012), and the historic South Korean presidential election (Winter Providence, New Jersey and is a prefect in Carter Dormitory. She is co- 2013). Ji Hee will attend Columbia University this fall. company was booming and had gained well-known the discovery of cracks in the building’s foundation.

4 5 Although arrest orders of the elite factory owners including the consumers of this inexpensive clothing, are extremely rare, Mr. Hasina sites blatant criminal the factory owners, and the Bangladeshi government, Tension on the Korean Peninsula by Seyun Kim ’14 and Jungyeon Lim ’14 negligence to justify his response. Mr. Hasina’s what is the appropriate response? The struggle of indifferent attitude toward the owners’ political clout reacting with a fitting response will plague both the North Korea, a communist nation bordering have been no attacks. displays a clear step on behalf of the Bangladeshi government and the families of the victims for years China and South Korea, has always been the focus of On April 29, the North Korean government government, but it is often hard to pin the blame on to come. tension. On June 25, 1950, Korea divided in half due ordered the South Koreans working in the Kaesong a select few. In a tragedy where so many are at fault, to the Korean Civil War that created an ideological Industrial Region to return to the South. To some, split between communism and democracy. The Soviet Kaesong Industrial Region is just an industrial area Union aided the North and its communist leader Kim controlled by both the South Korean and North Miniskirts and Prostitutes: The Sex Trade in South Korea Il Sung, whereas U.S. and UN forces aided Syngman Korean governments to help develop North Korea’s by Caroline Dodson ’14 Rhee, the first democratic president of South Korea. economy. But to others, Kaesong Industry is a symbol The war ended with a truce. The 38th Parallel became of union, peaceful relations, and the hope that North South Korea plays host to a curious contrast. the borderline between the north and the south. Korea and South Korea will someday reunite. North Park Geun-hye, the newly elected president, recently Although the Cold War between the United States Korea’s decision to close the region could be seen as announced the “overexposure law,” under which the starting point of the Korean peninsula’s complete citizens wearing revealing clothing can face a fine of division. up to 50,000 KRW, or $45 (Frances Cha, “No More The world reacted to North Korea’s extreme Miniskirts in Seoul?,” CNN.com, 21 March 2013). Ki provocations. Constant threats stimulated states of Sik Kim, a political adversary to Park, criticized the emergency throughout the globe. Not only South regulation of citizens’ clothing, which sparked the Korea, but also neighboring nations, such as China government to release a statement that there will and Japan, and, additionally, the United States, not be policemen controlling what citizens wear. responded immediately by taking measures to defend How this law will actually translate to everyday life is the mainland. In preparation for North Korea’s unclear, but authorities plan on releasing a statement potential missile launches, South Korea deployed explaining what this new law means. additional military forces and reinforced the missile- Some speculate that this legislation may have detection system. On April 11, United Nations been enacted to protect South Korea’s reputation Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon appeared on CNN’s after the government announced that 4% of the “The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer,” using the annual GDP consists of prostitution or some other opportunity to address North Korea’s Kim Jong-un form of sex trade (Palash Ghosh, “South Korea: A A redlight district in Dongducheon, Korea. directly, and in his own language. Ban asked Kim to Thriving Sex Industry in a Powerful, Wealthy Super- (humantrafficking.org/countries/south_korea). “On “refrain from taking any such provocative measures, State,” International Business Times, 29 April 2013). online community websites, you can easily find which is clearly in violation against the Security Furthermore, it is estimated that between 500,000 information about prices for sex with minors and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un allegedly prepares for a nuclear Council resolution and against the expectations of to 1 million Korean women work in the national sex the best places to go,” said Yun Hee-jun, an anti-sex attack on the United States. The words on the board read, “A Plan the international community.” He further advised, industry, or approximately 1 out of every 25 women, trafficker based in Seoul (Ghosh). This makes children forand an theAttack Soviet on America.” Union officially ended in 1991, the “as Secretary-General of the UN and as a citizen of according to statistics from the Ministry for Gender more accessible to pedophiles, giving the pedophiles repercussions of the war can still be felt in Korea. Korea,” to end the recent provocative actions and Equality and the Korean Feminist Association. And a sense of anonymity. These youths are protected Since the Korean War, North Korea has continually resolve all pending issues through dialogue. the Korean Institute of Criminology says that 20% of under both the Juvenile Protection Act and the issued threats to the world and practiced nuclear tests, Other nations around the world have also men in their 20’s buy sex at least four times a month 2004 Acts prohibiting trafficking, but there is yet to despite neighboring countries’ condemnations. North expressed great concern. The United States highly (Ghosh). Many South Korean prostitutes are open be a law strictly prohibiting all forms of trafficking, Korea conducted nuclear tests in 1993, 1998, 2006, recommended that North Korea put more effort about their careers, even to the point which means that many pimps facing 2009 and 2013, and on January 24, 2013, announced into resolving its food crisis rather than showing off of participating in demonstrations prosecution can find loopholes. that it will soon threaten the U.S. with nuclear its missile capabilities. The experts at the Institute against anti-prostitution laws. These loopholes were clearly seen in weapons. In February, North Korea conducted a for Defense Analysis of the U.S. announced that Though prostitutes are already easy 2010 when out of 40 cases against sex nuclear weapon test and, in response, South Korea such confrontational behavior merely seemed to be to find in the red-light districts and traffickers, only six offenders were and the United States conducted a joint military a response to Korea-U.S. missile guidance revision, in motels, the use of the Internet found guilty of sex trafficking and practice. With the U. S. declaration to fully support and concluded that it was unlikely that North Korea presents a whole new dimension none of their sentences were over two South Korea, North Korea announced on March would actually launch a missile. The People’s Republic to the sex trade. Online sex chat years; two cases ended only in fines 8 its withdrawal from the non-aggression pact with of China, North Korea’s strategic partner, expressed rooms are advertised on billboards (humantrafficking.org). Palash Ghosh South Korea. On March 20 the tension increased regret about this national crisis. Chinese Foreign and provide sex workers with a reported that some upscale brothels as South Korea became the victim of a major cyber Minister Wang Yi, according to a statement on the more reliable way to make money can make up to $200,000 every day, attack, which affected television stations, banks, and ministry’s website, said that the “Korean peninsula through prostitution. Furthermore, and thus can pay for any fines with companies. The South Korean government accused is the neighbor of China,” and thus, he “oppose[s] the Internet presents an additional ease. Without clear laws, and with North Korea of the attack, despite the lack of direct provocative words and actions from any party in problem. According to the 2011 U.S. an economy that relies heavily on sex evidence. Since North Korea declared a state of war the region and [does] not allow troublemaking on Department of State’s Trafficking trade, it will be difficult for anyone against South Korea, North Koreans have continually China’s doorstep.” When it was told that North in Persons Report, the exploitation to enact a change in the sex-driven threatened both the U.S. and South Korea. However, Korea’s missile launch seemed imminent, Chinese of underage sex slaves in South aspects of South Korean culture. despite their constant warnings to the South Korean media sent warning messages one after another to Korea occurs primarily online Prostitution in Korea not only happens government to evacuate all of its foreigners, there Korea. Suggesting that China’s disappointment in in dark streets but also, and more often, online. 6 7 North Korea was increasing, China added that such writes Chico Harlan. In an age when creativity is scientific interest into account. Flattery matters more a situation would not be favorable when viewed from valued, Vietnamese teachers still stick with obsolete than your skills. In Vietnam’s working system, the the side of North Korea’s long-term national interests. and outdated methods. These methods emphasize winner is not the one with the highest IQ or the one However, in spite of such threatening news, the memorization rather than creativity. The products who excels in engineering, but the one who knows his citizens of South Korea remained calm. While the of this rigid system are tons of idealists who live in boss the best. Sweetened voice and ingratiation in the overall tension was building up throughout the nation fantasies and know nothing about the real world. work place are the best strategies to get promotions due to the constant reports in media, the citizens Compared to the Vietnamese education system, or to become the apple of your boss’s eyes. This reality have expressed apathy; most, in fact, casually accept foreign graduates are more pragmatic, realistic, and gives students frightful nightmares, since returning to such situations as if it went through one ear and out stimulating. The more encouraging an environment home means no reward for years of hard work. It is a the other. the students live in, the more likely they are to reach waste of knowledge, talent, and youth. their best. The brain drain does not come from the people As bitter as it may sound, our governors don’t who leave their countries. The blame lies with the Both American and South Korean generals from the Key Resolve really appreciate talented minds. Vietnam has not government, incapable of using talented minds, 2013 (a joint military training between the United States and been ready for high-level researchers. Even if students wasting the most important resources: highly South Korea) participate in a briefing. The military training was got advanced degrees in very sophisticated fields, they educated people. carried out this March amid constant missile threats from North would never find a place where their knowledge and This is the time to roll out the red carpet for Korea. training could be utilized. Bureaucrats never take scientists and skilled workers! Vietnam’s Brain Drain by Linh Tran ’15

home. Common myths that foreign companies offer Chechnya, the Tsarnaevs, and a Secret Network by Bobby Turner ’14 higher salaries and better working conditions spread among students who prepare to get their professional The Boston Marathon bombings shocked the reestablished Russian control, the Chechen province degrees. As a result, the country, impacted by the city, the country, and the world. An extremely became a site of radicalism, and has launched quite a decline of scientists and innovators, has experienced prestigious all-American, few attacks in the last decade. a dramatic shortage of adept workers capable of but also very international However, this attack is the rejuvenating the country’s technology department event, this marathon may first time a target has been (Chico Harlan, “Vietnamese Teens’ Thirst for College forever be scarred by the struck outside of Russia. Outpaces Country’s Educational System,” The recent horrendous events. Although it is still unclear Washington Post, 24 July 2010). With more information still what Tamerlan, the older Government officials carry out many policies being revealed about the of the two brothers, did to improve the country’s education, but nothing two men involved, Tamerlan during his stay in Dagestan, seems to be good enough. With great confidence, and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev have a neighboring Russian Vietnamese leaders recently proposed their ambitions been verified to be ethnically province, and in Chechnya, of cultivating the scientific elite and making good uses Chechen. it is evident that his views of their talented young minds. However, actions speak Chechnya, a republic became twisted after his The “brain drain” in Vietnam has exposed a serious problem in louder than words. In reality, 1.9 million students still in the southwestern arrival in Boston. Before the its educationVietnam’s system. government does not know how to have to compete for the national university entrance Caucasus region of Russia, 2012 trip, he had grown more nourish its best and brightest. exams. “Vietnam, with 89 million people, has fewer has been actively fighting Tamerlan (left) and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev angry and religious, and upon Gilbert K. Chesterton once said: “Education than 400 colleges and universities. On the other hand, for independence for the last four centuries. One his return to the U.S., he made numerous playlists is simply the soul of a society as it passes from one the United States, with 310 million people, has over of the reasons Chechens have been so adamant for of Chechen songs and jihadist videos. According to generation to another.” Indeed, education is the father 4,400 colleges and universities” (Harlan). No wonder independence is that they are made up of mostly reports, he left in January 2012 for Dagestan, west of of mankind’s civilization. A good education offers so many youngsters study abroad! The statistic of Sunni Muslims, with many practicing the Sufi Chechnya, and stayed there for six months, visiting the only key to eradicate the appalling disparities of unmasks the flaw in Vietnam’s education system: not tradition. Most Russians, however, are Orthodox his father, and regularly appearing at a conservative health, knowledge and opportunities that have been enough spots for everyone to reach higher education. Christians. Even more so, the Chechens resent the fact Wahabi mosque. However, “Assuming that their plaguing Vietnamese people for hundreds of years. Despite that fact that the Vietnamese average that Russia has dominated their homeland ever since motives are related to their Chechen origins would However, Vietnam fails to overcome a great issue that annual income is only $3,600, ranking them 170th the reign of Ivan the Terrible in the early-mid 1500s. be like assuming that Timothy McVeigh’s motives stunts the country’s development - a brain drain. in the world (compared to a GDP of $50,700 for Soviet Premier Josef Stalin accused the Chechens of were related to his Scottish/Irish origins” (Eric Lohr, There is a growing concern in Vietnam that 70% the 14th ranked United States, CIA World Factbook) collaborating with the Nazis, but his accusation was “What We Know About Chechnya,” CNN.com, 20 of students studying overseas do not return home there were more than 100,000 Vietnamese students rumored to be simply “an excuse to deport almost April 2013). There have been, however, some radical after graduating (“General Report on the Migration studying overseas in 49 countries in 2011 alone. In fact, the entire Chechen population—about 500,000 movements in the past decade that may be linked to of Vietnamese Citizens Overseas,” at the Conference Vietnam ranked fifth among countries that have the people—to the desolate steppes of Siberia and Central Tamerlan. on International Migration and Data Management highest number of overseas students (Anh Minh Do, Asia during World War II” (“The Tsarnaev Brothers’ When the second war between Chechnya and for Policy Development, Hanoi, 1-2 June 2011). Many “Studied Abroad and Returned to Vietnam: Startups Chechnya Connection,” The Week, 28 April 2013). Russia started in 1999, Dagestan could not avoid of the best and brightest students are departing for that Defy the Brain Drain,” TechInAsia, 16 April 2013). After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, Chechnya the destruction, and the young brothers began to higher paid jobs in other countries. This phenomenon What is there for students to complain about immediately declared independence, much to the witness violence. A powerful warlord named Shamil has become a trend among youngsters. They would the Vietnamese education system? The answer is dismay of Boris Yeltsin, the Russian president. What Basaev tried to spread anti-Russian sentiments across prefer to seek challenging opportunities in outside simple. “The college education system hasn’t grown, followed was a bloody, nightmarish, and deadly battle. the region and into Dagestan. This effort, however, countries rather than struggle to make ends meet at or improved, at a rate commensurate with demand,” As a result of this war, and then a second war that proved unsuccessful, and Dagestan showed little

8 9 The Boston in April of 1992 (I was ten at the time). We lived in here; I ate the food, celebrated the holidays, and M a r a t h o n Boston and were able to receive federal help to find spoke the language. b o m b i n g s housing and jobs. I attended Boston Public Schools, and the two served as a mission for my church for two years in Are you planning to work in Vietnam in the men involved, Los Angeles, graduated from Boston University, and future? w h e t h e r received my Master’s and Ph.D in Mathematics from I don’t know of any opportunities to do so, but I c o n n e c t e d Brigham Young University. am open to going there in the future as an educator. to Chechen Speaking of working in Vietnam, I was supposed to n a t i o n a l i s t Have you visited Vietnam since? Are there teach Vietnamese to Mr. Chaudhary who is going to groups or not, interesting changes that you saw when you work in Vietnam next year. [He was supposed to come have sparked came back? by tonight, but it did not work out. Tomorrow night an upsurge of I went back to Da Nang, my hometown in Vietnam, maybe?] interest in the in the summer of 2010. I stayed there for six weeks. I region, and also went to Hue and Ho Chi Minh City. Da Nang is Do you feel confident teaching Vietnamese is a reminder a lot more modernized than I remember. The houses to Mr. Chaudhary? of how used to be more primitive. Now, everything is made [laughs] I don’t know where he is at. He really is unpredictable with cement. Overall, the standard of living is a lot excited to learn new things. Vietnamese is essentially and dangerous higher than it was when I was living there. I visited like French and Chinese combined. We romanticize this region my grandmother as well. We lived by the beach when the Chinese characters but maintain the French can be. Ethnic I grew up. I like Da Nang much more than Ho Chi accents and syllables. There certainly is a level of Chechens who Minh City, which I think is too crowded. difficulty learning Vietnamese.

support, even though several Moscow apartments now live in the were blown up. Other examples of violent anti-Russian U.S., a very small community, feel nothing but shame Are you still fluent in Vietnamese? I’m curious about you and Mrs. Nguyen. Do Vietnamese is my first language. I can read and acts include the Beslan elementary school siege that and embarrassment for the actions of the two young you mind if we ask you to share your story with write in it, but I mostly read and write in English killed 372 people (nearly two-thirds of them children) men, who now act as a representation of the U.S. us? Were there cultural differences? because I moved to America when I was ten and I and injured 747 in September 2004, a Moscow subway Chechens. “The war in Russia’s southern underbelly [smile] went to middle school, high school and college here. bombing in February 2004 that killed 41 and injured is no longer a separatist conflict,” and is now more Sure. We went to school together at BYU. I was a

134, and a Moscow theater hostage situation over about “the global spread of Islamic radicalism” teaching assistant in the Math Department and she two days in October 2002 that killed 170 and left 656 than about prior Russian actions (“Chechnya and Is there a vibrant Vietnamese community was an undergrad. Then we met. injured (“Terrorist Attacks in Russia,” compiled by Dagestan: Islamists in Russia,” Economist.com, 27 April where you lived in the States? [at this point, I and the sophomore who was with Boston definitely has a big Vietnamese community Wm. Robert Johnston, johnstonsarchive.net, 23 May 2013). Although the motives and targets have changed us jokingly teased about their first love during a Math and this helped me adjust at first. I was able to speak 2013). Leaders of the jihadist and radical movements somewhat, this part of the world has been a center for test.] the language at home while attending bilingual school. claim to have no connection with Tamerlan Tsarnaev, violence for at least the past twenty years and, sadly, it I was a TA in her Differential Equations class. We I was fairly immersed in the Vietnamese culture even and the questions linking both these parties remains doesn’t look like an end is near. had a lot of mutual friends and we hung out a lot after one of the most important questions during the the semester was over. She is half-Native American, search process. half-Mexican. We actually have a lot in common because we are both very American. Her mother used to be in a Native American reservation, but she left An Interview with Dr. Long Nguyen, the Elusive and Easy-Going and married her father, who is Mexican. Even so, she was brought up in California and was exposed to Vietnamese Math Teacher by Thomas Lam ’14 American culture as early as I was. I came and visited her family, but they were essentially Americans. But After several failed attempts to contact Dr. Long perceive him as a recent immigrant. As he jokingly put that was her side. On my side, we do talk a lot of Nguyen, I finally got a chance to sit down and interview it, he is very “Americanized” and loves American TV Vietnamese at home. It was hard for her to adapt the ever-elusive but easy-going and friendly man shows, food, etc. However, he has also preserved his and interact with my family. My mom only spoke during one chaotic study hall in Kravis. Dr. Nguyen Vietnamese roots through his frequent contact with conversational English. So there was a bit of language and his wife, Mrs. Lillie Avalos-Nguyen, currently his relatives in Vietnam and sometimes by reading barrier. reside on the third floor of Kravis and serve as the Vietnamese-American newspapers. Nevertheless, newest additions to the Loomis Math Department. I hoped that his willingness to provide his personal Any comments/other interesting aspects Dr. Nguyen is also taking on the role of Girls JV background would truly enhance our community’s about you that you want to share with the LC Tennis coach this spring and serves as an invaluable appreciation and celebration of diversity. community? resource to many of our students needing a little bit I love playing tennis. I started playing tennis at of extra help. Indeed, while we were chatting casually Lam: Can you tell us about your story of the beginning of my graduate studies. I wished I had about his life, he was also assisting a sophomore with immigration to the U.S.? developed my interest earlier. I could have been a his math questions, and his quips also contributed to Nguyen: My father was a POW as a result of his much better player! this informative interview. service to the South Vietnamese government. Because I love teaching here at Loomis. The campus is While I originally planned to have the questions he was a POW for about 5 years, he and our family were beautiful and I love the classes that I teach. geared toward his interesting Vietnamese background qualified to come to the U.S. under President Reagan’s and perhaps his immigration story, I was truly wrong to Humanitarian Operation program. I came to the U.S. Dr. Long Nguyen, a new member of the Loomis Chaffee 10 Mathematics Department 11 spectacle of hope and joy that, as nations. What benefits have africa we will soon examine, is bit-by-bit you seen arise from football/ scrubbing away at the problems football players in Nigeria? plaguing many African nations The best two examples I can today. think of are Nwankwo Kanu and Passion and Politics at Play: Football in Africa Segun Odegbami. Kanu played by Krishna Kulkarni ’13 and Ji Hee Yoon ’13 Richard Ochefije, a sophomore professionally in Europe for from Nigeria who plays Varsity Ajax and Arsenal, and actually Football, or “the beautiful game” as some say, is the Zanzibar 1900s-1950s,” Africa, 67(2), 224-251). But Soccer at Loomis, helped give won a UEFA Champions League most popular, and perhaps one of the most influential despite the ulterior motives of the Europeans, Africans us a sense of how football has trophy. In 1996, after returning sports on Earth. Nearly every developed nation in across the continent used football as a means for their impacted his home country: from a gold-medal winning the world has some sort of organized football league, own emancipation. The creation of “an independent, Olympic campaign with the capturing the hearts of people worldwide. The African-run football association… in Zimbabwe” in Krishna: Nigerians are Nigerian national team, Kanu was passion and nearly religious fervor that characterizes 1949 represented a huge change from the previously some of the most fanatic diagnosed with a heart defect, and the game’s fans comes to a head every four years at European-controlled leagues situated in Africa (Katie supporters of football in went through heart surgery. This the FIFA World Cup, where people of all nationalities Greenstreet, “The Politics of African Soccer,” Soccer Africa. Can you tell me a motivated him to found the Kanu convene for a heart-pounding month of football. Politics Pages, http://sites.duke.edu/wcwp, accessed on little bit about what the sport Heart Foundation, which provides Three years ago, the FIFA World Cup traveled to 16 May 2013). Soon enough, African leagues began means to Nigerians? free treatment for young Africans Africa for the first time; Jacob Zuma, president of popping up all over the continent, and served as an Richard: Nearly everybody with heart defects, and also helps invaluable weapon against European dominance. “For in Nigeria plays soccer. In my homeless children. Odegbami was example, a major morale booster in the quest for opinion, it is one of the only ways a player in the NFF who decided Algerian independence came when Algerian football to get people off the streets and to use his money to build the teams began to beat France, an act that tangibly push them towards success; there International [Sports] Academy showed Africans did have the power to be superior are lots of programs in Nigeria in Nigeria. Because Odegbami to the French,” writes Greenstreet. Football had won that give soccer players the values education, he created this itself a permanent fixture in the hearts of Africans of opportunity to get an education Academy for athletes of all kinds all nationalities. and travel to other countries. FIFA World Cup Trophy to understand the importance of In today’s world, many nations on the African The NFF (Nigerian Football Federation) has lots of education; the school has English teachers, among continent face civil strife, poverty, and violence; the fraud, bribery, and match fixing, so very few people others. This is the school that I went to before coming rebellions of the Arab Spring in the north parallel pay attention to it, and prefer to watch youth football. to America, and it motivated me very much. the continual bloodshed in the Congo. Furthermore, Nigerian people believe in youth players because they the beautiful game has largely become the victim have the potential to go to Europe and become real How did you end up coming to the U.S.? of rampant corruption in African leagues. William professionals. The Nigerian national team is also very I heard about the MTA one day, so I decided to Underhill writes that, “[i]n football-mad Nigeria, important to many people, and it was great for our apply, since I was looking for the opportunity to entire nation when we won the Africa Cup of Nations. Jacob Zuma, President of South Africa rampant official corruption means match results in come to America. I qualified among 2,000 people host nation South Africa, summed up the enormous the national league are more or less preordained…The People in countries affected by wars or conflicts, like to take an exam, which I passed. After the exam I significance of this event in an interview with The threat of violence is constantly present—both at the Libyans, also find joy in uniting under their national played exhibition matches with other people who Guardian, proudly announcing, “We are hosting it on matches and in the background.” (“Uniting Africa,” team. Libya competed in the Cup of Nations, and had qualified, and someone who Mr. [Charlie, Loomis behalf of the continent” (Paul Hayward, “World Cup Newsweek, 27 May 2010) Yet despite these pitfalls, many Libyans were able to take a break from the Spanish teacher and Varsity Soccer coach] Bour sent 2010: South Africa Ready to Provide Continental football still holds the most poignantly unifying violence and strife in their country and be happy for to Nigeria saw me play. After about a yearlong process, Lift,” 2 December 2009). Ji Hee and I are both power in Africa, a power that promotes peace, hope, some time. I was given the chance to come to the U.S. Coming to passionate football fanatics, and in writing this article, and brilliant, heart-stopping joy. The story of Didier the U.S. is a big deal for many people, but some only not only would we like to demonstrate the incredible Drogba proves the immense power of the beautiful You mentioned some programs in Nigeria want to come because they don’t like living in Nigeria. impact the game of football has had on the continent game in Africa. A star player who formerly played for for football players. What are some of these of Africa, but would also like to try to share some of Chelsea Football Club and won the UEFA Champions programs? What is your vision of Nigeria in 10-20 years, the same exuberance we feel about the beautiful game League, among other accolades, Drogba spearheaded The program I come from, the MTA Football and how will football help make that dream a with you. the effort to end the bitter hatred among the people of Scholars, helps football players get an education and reality? The introduction of football into various north and south Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast, his home come to American schools or British schools. The In 10-20 years, the players who came to the U.S./ African cultures demonstrated another attempt by nation), “by insisting that a vital World Cup qualifying emphasis of the program is to show athletes the value Europe will come back to Nigeria and give back to European colonists to control native populations. match in 2007 be played in the formerly rebel north” and importance of education, while giving them the the communities. Like Nwankwo Kanu and Segun Through mission schools and simple demonstrations, (“Uniting Africa”). In Nigeria, a nation “bitterly chance to improve their football skills. While there Odegbami, these players will help give Nigerians Europeans successfully imbued the sport into native divided between Muslims and Christians,” writes are many scouts from European teams who visit basic necessities like hospitals, and also give them the cultures as they encountered them; however, their Underhill, the proudest moment of many a fan’s life Nigeria, there are very, very few opportunities to be opportunity to reach success through education. The motives for such actions had a subtle catch. Colonists came when the Nigerian national team won the Africa recruited by them, and most of the time is more based reason I came to the U.S. is so that I can go back one viewed football as a “means of inculcating respect for Cup of Nations this year. The loyalty and love that on who you know rather than how skilled you are. day and help the community in Nigeria. the values of time, discipline and authority within Africans share for their national teams transcends the the minds and spirits of the colonized” (Laura Fair, bitter reality of politics and war on their continent. Some critics have accused sports like football If you went back to Nigeria in 20 years, what “Kickin’ It: Leisure, Politics and Football in Colonial In sharing a passion for football, Africa has created a of hiding the serious problems in particular would you do to help the community?

12 13 Right now, I am focusing on helping my younger wonderful about a goal being scored. It’s like a balloon brother come to the U.S., but in 20 years, I want releasing all its air, an explosion of joy from such a middle east to build a school for everyone, not just athletes. simple event. While I could go on even longer about Not everyone can play soccer or other sports, and I the immense meaning football holds for every fan, I think education is the most important thing to help cannot fully encapsulate the fervor for the game, the people achieve success. In Nigeria today there is a passion for my team, the stinging pain of defeat, and The Iranian Election by Sam Verney ’14 high youth unemployment, and I want to help people the raucous exuberance of victory. All I can say is watch have the opportunity to get a good education and a few matches, find a team to support, and just wait On June 14 Iran will hold its next presidential get a scholarship to a University. Education needs to until you’re one of the millions around the world who election. In the previous election, held in 2009, the be valued more in Nigeria, and I hope I can help to believes in football as fervently as a religion. For this voters re-elected incumbent president Mahmoud spread it in my country. reason, I for one believe in the power of football for Ahmadinejad, but dissent broke out and over 70 hope, football for peace, and football for prosperity Iranians were killed in the riots and general chaos Krishna’s final words: There is something in Africa. following the election’s end, as noted in Golnaz Esfandiari’s “Iran’s Presidential Election Poses Dilemma for Voters” (Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Malian Refugee Camps by Catherine Choi ’16 3 May 2013). The international community found Tehran’s response to that violence insufficient, but With its mysterious Amadou Toumaini Touré, this new election offers the opportunity for Iran to deserts and great rivers, to abdicate and give power redeem itself on the international relations front. Mali can be compared to to parliament speaker Other countries view Iran’s nuclear program as a hidden gem: beautiful, Dioncounda Traoré, who the most important issue of the election; however, but not widely known. guaranteed a forceful, Iranian voters find Iran’s precarious financial It is a French-speaking violent move towards the situation to be the most pressing issue. Due to country in West Africa, rebels. Since then, France sanctions placed on Iran’s economy by the West, as landlocked between many and the U.S. have attempted part of an attempt to get Iran to cease developing its which includes of countries: Algeria, Niger, to help Mali fight off this nuclear weapons program, as well as some perceived a majority of the Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, mutiny. The true horror financial mismanagement during Ahmadinejad’s candidates and used The Grand Ayatollah Ali Khamenei Mauritania, Senegal, and behind this conflict is the presidency, Iran’s economy currently faces significant to include Khamenei, the reformists, who had control Guinea. However, Mali’s story of the civilians who inflation (Jason Rezaian, “Field of Iranian Presidential prior to Ahmadinejad’s presidency and who have people have been in serious have fled to escape the Candidates Takes Shape,” The Washington Post, 12 April made progress in both foreign relations and social peril since the government violence. Around 70,000 2013). This concern about the economy could lead to matters, and the ultra-conservatives, who have not collapsed. Before the fall people are living in refugee a greater voter turnout—more so than the typical 40- yet announced candidates. Among the conservatives, of the government in 2012, Malians in a Mauritanian refugee camp camps in the middle of the 50% of registered voters Iran has seen in past years, three previous members of Ahmadinejad’s cabinet are Mali was considered a model of democracy for other Mauritanian desert. These camps were set up by the according to Esfandiari. Nevertheless, a significant running, all retroactively opposed to Ahmadinejad’s African countries. Now, civilians are fleeing for their UN refugee agency with the help of the Mauritanian number of people fear that the election is not free or policies. One of the reform candidates is Hassan lives to refugee camps in horrifying conditions. government. However, conditions are so bad that the equal enough for their vote to make a difference. Rouhani, who served as the primary nuclear negotiator Mali’s complications began in the 1990s when UN and its partners like Doctors Without Borders In Iran, the people vote on a final list of candidates under Mohammad Khatami, the president from the nomadic group, Tuareg, began revolting for the are described to “struggle to maintain minimum determined by the Central Election Board, which 1997-2005, and who Iran hopes will be able to make independence of Azawad, a region in Northern Mali. humanitarian standards” (Laura Smith-Spark, “Mali has close ties to Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah strides in foreign nuclear relations. The diversity of Tuareg renamed themselves the NMLA (National Refugees Endure ‘Appalling’ Conditions at Mauritania Ali Khamenei. Furthermore, the Guardian Council, the candidates, coupled with the economic tensions Movement for the Liberation of Azawad) and was Camp,” CNN.com, 14 April 2013). Some of the terrible most of whom are appointed by Khamenei himself, and the psychological repercussions of last election’s joined by Islamic groups Al-Qaeda and Ansar Dine conditions described include shortage of toilet vets all potential candidates. Voters do have a say in riots, presage a contentious election, but hopefully a in 2011. The protests only intensified, and the first facilities, four toilets per 12,000 people, a severe water which candidate they elect, smooth one. official attack of rebellion shortage, malnutrition, but the list of candidates [Editor’s update: Hassan took place on January and the requirement that they have to choose Rouhani won the June 14 16th, 2012. Over a couple families that arrive later from rests firmly in the election, with nearly 51% of of months, the groups have to build shelters with hands of the established the vote, avoiding the need for succeeded in taking over sticks, stones, and cloth. government. Nonetheless, a run-off election. Mohammad several areas, including the Most refugees who a good amount of variety Bagher Ghalibaf, the mayor of city of Menaka. The entire do arrive healthy become exists within the chosen Tehran, earned approximately situation dramatically either ill or malnourished at candidates, all of whom 16% to finish second, according worsened when Malian the camp. We can only hope run on platforms that to Interior Minister Mostafa soldiers were aggravated that this Mali conflict will condemn Ahmadinejad’s Mohammad Najjar. Nearly with the direction of the be cautiously resolved so recently ended presidency, 73% of Iran’s eligible voting situation and attacked that peace can be restored according to Rezaian. population participated in the the capital, president, and and the innocent can safely The candidates fall into election.] military barracks. This return to their normal lives. several categories: the forced the president, conservative group,

Members of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad 14 Hassan Rouhani, candidate for the Iranian Presidency 15 A Walk in Time: The Ba’ath Party (Part II) by Yusuf Alnawakhtha ’14 Preventing a Second Syria by Cherie Yin ’15

Editor’s Note: This story is a continuation of Yusuf’s with the Iraqi Communist On April 2, the United Nations General Assembly Peace Laureates formally addressed the UN when the article in the Winter 2013 issue of the World Bulletin, “A Party. They targeted the passed the Global Arms Trade Treaty with an General Assembly adopted Resolution 61/89, which Walk in Time: The Ba’ath Party (Part I).” heads of the Communist overwhelming majority, 154 to 3. This treaty, which requested “the United Nations Secretary-General to Party and executed them, opens for signatures on June 3, pioneers weapons trade, seek…a comprehensive, legally binding instrument In 1952, the Ba’ath Party, led by Michel Aflaq and hanging heads in public regulating multi-billion dollar trades in conventional establishing common international standards for the full of military members, merged with the Socialist spaces as warnings to arms, and linking weapon sales with the human rights import, export and transfer of conventional arms” Arab Movement, led by Akram al-Hawrani. The result other members. Aflaq sent records of buyers (Neil MacFarquhar, “UN Treaty Is (Arms Trade Treaty, un.org/disarmament/ATT). of the merger was called “The Socialist Arab Ba’ath letters condemning the First Aimed at Regulating Global Arms Sales,” The Then in 2009, following the election of Barack Party,” today’s current Ba’ath Party. Because of all the massacre to the heads of New York Times, 2 April 2013). Obama, who reversed the George W. military personnel that had originally been part of the the Iraqi Ba’ath Party. His The treaty first calls for a primary Bush administration’s policy of non- Socialist Arab Movement, military take-overs spread letters, however, did not evaluation on whether the sale of negotiation, the U.S., the world’s largest across Iraq, to the Ba’ath Party’s benefit. For the succeed in preventing that weapons violates the International arms trader, began to indicate support following 40 years, Ba’ath enjoyed having the military, violent period of time that Humanitarian Law; if it does, then the for the process. Then-Secretary of a wild card in politics. followed. This led Gamal treaty will restrain the large-scale sale State Hillary Clinton said in a written As the Cold War started to intensify, confusion Abdel Nasser to withdraw of these weapons that cause the deaths statement on October 14, 2009 that the cloaked the Arab countries. People started mistaking Egypt from the alliance Michel Aflaq, original leader of thousands of people every year. U.S. would support the talks as long they the Ba’ath Party with the Communist Party, even the Ba’ath Party hoped to of the Ba’ath Party Welcoming the final passage of the are held “under the rule of consensus though they often protested against each other on the create between Syria, Iraq, treaty, the United Nations Secretary- decision-making needed to ensure that streets. Approaching the mid 1950’s, the United States and Egypt. Hatred for General Ban Ki-moon noted that the all countries can be held to standards and the United Kingdom feared a Soviet expansion Nasser grew among Ba’ath plan “will make it more difficult for that will actually improve the global towards the East. Iraq, already fond of communism, Party members. Aflaq, deadly weapons to be diverted into the situation” (Arshad Mohammed, “U.S. was vulnerable, a clear target for the Soviets. To however, continued to illicit market and…will help to keep Reverses Stance on Treaty to Regulate counteract a Soviet invasion, the UK drafted the admire Nasser and claimed warlords, pirates, terrorists, criminals Arms Trade,” Reuters, 14 October Baghdad Pact (later known as the Central Treaty that he was a true Arab and their like from acquiring deadly 2009). The UN General Assembly Organization), which stated that if a country does nationalist. It then became arms” (Louis Charbonneau, “UN held meetings in 2010, 2011, and 2012 not have relations with the Soviet Union, it will, in evident that the views of Overwhelmingly Approves Global to negotiate the treaty, before its final return, receive financial and military support from the the Ba’ath Party were no Arms Trade Treaty,” Reuters, 2 April UN Secretary-General passage this April. U.S. (At this point, the U.S. was not even a part of the longer reflecting those of 2013). Ban Ki-moonA week before the final vote, Iran, Syria and North Pact.) Aflaq and people began to Although it took almost two decades to draft Korea prevented a treaty-drafting conference at UN Even though both the Ba’ath and Communist realize that there has been and seven years to negotiate, the treaty reflects the headquarters from reaching the required consensus parties together opposed the Baghdad Pact, their a power shift in the party international opinion on the morality of the booming for adoption. Their action forced the delegations that cooperation soon ended. The two parties conflicted as soon as he was convicted $70 billion dollar arms trade. Humanitarian groups supported the treaty to turn to a General Assembly in several other ways: the Communist Party believed by the Jordanian king (the started lobbying to curb trade in conventional weapons vote. On April 2, the Iranian, Syrian and North that the Arab states should unite with the Soviet conviction was introduced after the 1991 Persian Gulf War, when they realized Korean delegations cast the only three votes against Union in the name of Communism. This directly in Part I of this article, in Gamal Abdel Nasser that Iraq had more weapons than France. Not until the treaty. contradicted the Ba’ath’s Party’s mission to pull the Winter 2012-13 issue). 2001 did the UN recognize the situation, introducing Both Iran and North Korea are under a UN arms together the various Arab states under a unified Arab The events of 1963 made it clear that the Ba’ath a non-binding program of action, officially called embargo over their nuclear weapons programs. Both Nation. In fact, one of the major issues separating the Party was an anarchy. The Iraqi Ba’ath Party seemed Program of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate countries certainly longed to prevent the United two parties has been the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. to strain from its foundation and goals, which was to the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in Nations from curtailing their arms imports and The Communist parties in the Arab world, excluding unify the Arab world. Instead, it took arms against its All Its Aspects. In December 2006, a group of Nobel exports. Syria, on the other hand, embroiled in the the Iraqi Communist Party, believed in the so-called own race, which was raised to a much higher magnitude third year of a civil war, where 70,000 people have “two state solution,” and recognized Israel as a country. almost 40 years later when Saddam Hussein marched been killed, relies on arms from Iran and Russia, but The Ba’ath Party, on the other hand, refused a two his army to Kuwait, the neighboring Arab country. Russia insists that the sales are legal, for there was no state solution. They believe The center of power of the arms embargo. According to Amnesty International, that Palestine was an Arab Ba’ath Party shifted from Syria however, all three countries “have abysmal human land and had to be returned to Iraq, mainly due to media rights records–having even used arms against their as a whole, or a complete Arab coverage. In an ironic twist, own citizens.” Nation would never be formed. Michel Aflaq lost the Ba’ath Anna MacDonald, the head of arms control The Ba’ath Party refuted anti- Party to the Iraqi heads of the for Oxfam International (one of the many groups Semitic claims and stated that party through the same method that pushed for the treaty), mentioned Syria as an the issue of Palestine was not he got it from Zaki al-Arsuzi: example, pointing out that “This treaty won’t solve one of religious complication, marketing. the problems of Syria overnight, no treaty could do but one of race. that, but it will help to prevent future Syrias. It will In 1963, the Iraqi Ba’ath help to reduce armed violence. It will help to reduce Party had finally had enough conflict” (MacFarquhar).

Ba’ath Party Flag The UN approves the Global Arms Trade Treaty 16 17 balance between economic growth from competitive europe capitalism and a large welfare stage. As much as 30% of their work force is currently employed in the public sector, twice the percentage of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) A Guesthouse-Living, Bus-Boarding Pope by Catherine Choi ’16 15% average (The Economist). However, they also learned to let go of iconic brands like Saab and Volvo A humble, unconventional pope who is ready to that could have resulted in an additional burden take action? We could not have asked for a better on the governmental budget. Moreover, with their new head of the Vatican. As mentioned in my winter flexible labor market policies and loose regulation, article of the LC World Bulletin, Benedict XVI, the Scandinavian countries rank among the most market- former Joseph Ratzinger, resigned on February 28th oriented states. from his papal post, establishing the first precedent While their sky-rocketing personal income tax of the kind in almost six hundred years. On March 13, may be intimidating at first, it also holds true to the Francis I, born Jorge Mario Bergoglio, took his place success and stability of the government. With excellent as the 266th pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church. health care services and ideal education, an average The origin of his name hints at his sovereignty. A Scandinavian man is happy to pay higher income tax newly elected pope changes his name as a symbol of than his friends who pay less taxes but receive poor evolving into a new identity, as a harbinger of what social services. In addition, Nordic governments kind of pope he is aiming to be. The name Francis impose very low corporate tax rates, only 22%, in was chosen in honor of Francis of Assisi, a saint widely comparison to corporate tax rates of 35% in America known for his humility and compassion, and Pope (The Economist). By levying low taxes on business and Francis has already proven to be just that by breaking high taxes on personal income, the government aims a few traditions in his early tenure. PopeHowever, Francis appearsas the church’son the central head balcony lawmaker, of St. Peter’s Francis Basilica can to stimulate the economy and avoid disturbance to Instead of living in the lavish Apostolic Palace, technically make or break as many rules as he wants. production, while maintaining a surplus budget for Francis chose the Vatican guesthouse. At his These atypical steps that the new pope has taken excellent social services. have won him much adoration from the public, as inauguration ceremony, he opted for a simple white acquiring outstanding macro-economic managements Even though there remain some arguments against well as criticism from traditionalists. So, for better cassock instead of the authoritative mozzetta that (Elizabeth Becker, “Nordic Countries Come Out Near the Nordic model, such as their population size and or for worse, Pope Francis has dramatically shifted popes normally wear. When he received the cardinals’ the Top in Two Business Surveys,” , socioeconomic background, their governments’ the Catholic boundaries that the former pope tried The New York Times pledges of obedience, he stood on the same level, 14 October 2004). They prove the possibility of a flexibility and transparency still set an inspiring instead of above them, indicating their equality. On so hard to keep. And as the first Jesuit and Latin example for any country currently in crisis. the way to his first Mass, Francis rejected the papal American pope, Pope Francis is a representation of car, choosing to board a bus with cardinals instead. the fast-moving, radically changing world we are living Francis also washed the feet of twelve juvenile inmates in today. So what’s next? An African pope? Dare I Remembering the “Iron Lady” by Pim Senanarong ’13 in Rome, two of which included girls. This choice was suggest even a woman? We can only wait and see what groundbreaking since the church’s law states that further changes surface in the Vatican. the “Iron Lady,” Margaret Hilda Roberts was born only men can participate in this foot-washing ritual. on October 13, 1925 in Grantham, England, to a middleclass business owner’s family. Her father ran a Sauna Summit: The Nordic Solution to local grocery store beneath their family’s apartment. After graduating from the local school, Grantham the Global Economic Crisis by Paul Nguyen ’14 Girls’ High School, Thatcher earned admission into Oxford University as a chemistry major. Although Britain faces its worst gross domestic product and American counterparts, Nordic leaders provide her primary focus and goal was becoming a research (GDP) slump in a century. China’s real estate a blueprint of government reform, making the chemist, Thatcher’s college experience was also dotted bubble finally burst in 2011. Greece is riddled with public sector effective and responsive (“The Nordic with political involvement. Upon arriving at Oxford, government debt, and America is still recovering from Countries: The Next Supermodel,” The Economist, 2 Thatcher joined the Conservative Association and its financial crisis of 2008. At the same time, however, February 2013). eventually became president of the club. Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Norway still manage The most important secret to success is Perhaps due to the seedling of interest planted to stabilize their economic growth and prosperity transparency. In Sweden, everyone is allowed to access by her father, who regularly talked to her about while sustaining cradle-to-grave welfare services. official records. Politicians are better off riding their conservative politics, Thatcher found she couldn’t stay Situated in one of the coldest areas in the world, bikes than sitting in bulletproof limousines. Because away from the political scene for very long. Although those Nordic countries share the same characteristics: of the governmental honesty and corruption-free she took up a job as a research chemist in Colchester a small population, excellent social services, and high services, Scandinavian citizens naturally attain high FormerIn British the lastPrime few Minister years Margaret of herThatcher life, Margaret and Dartford after getting her degree in chemistry, she living standards. Most importantly, the leaders of those levels of trust for the government and are willing to Thatcher appeared on the news essentially only for soon ran for public office as a conservative candidate countries, who frequently hold meetings in saunas due pay more taxes and follow the rules. her deteriorating health. However, throughout her for Dartford’s parliamentary seat in 1950, just two to the uncomfortable weather outside, have guided According to Augusto Lopez-Claros, the director life, Britain’s first woman prime minister exhibited years after her Oxford graduation. Perfectly aware of their countries away from European Eurosclerosis of the global competitiveness program of World forcefulness and vitality unmatched by any of her her feeble chances, Thatcher remained unperturbed and American inequality. To their southern European Economic Forum, generally, Nordic countries are colleagues in the political realm. Rightfully dubbed by her defeat and attempted again the following

18 19 year only to be greeted by of raising interest rates. In another loss. addition to her handling of An Immigrant’s Story: Interviews with Aramark’s After her second domestic affairs, Thatcher by Arianna Calabrese ’13 defeated election, she was noted for sharing a close Khayriya, Fatime, Selvira, and Enver married Dennis Thatcher. alliance and friendship with So often we go through our daily routine without Uzbeks and Meskhetian Turks and other minorities The two started a family United States President even thinking about the people we are interacting swept across the Fergana Valley in Uzbekistan. As together and Thatcher Ronald Reagan as the two with, about the relationships that we are building, Turks, Khayriya and her family fled to Russia to gave birth to twins, Mark bonded over their similar sustaining, and breaking. We read (Eric) Foner, find refuge. They lived there for 15 years, but never and Carol. In 1952, she political philosophies, forgetting that the events described aren’t just words received Russian citizenship. For 15 years, they could decided to recuperate, take especially their approach in a textbook or dates to memorize; we go to the not legally work. Instead, they worked small jobs on a step back from politics, to dealing with the Soviet library to check out a DVD, forgetting that someone farms, planting and picking potatoes. For 15 years, they and pursue an education Union. During the United took that time to alphabetize all the movies for our sold farm products. But Khayriya cannot complain – in law. She became a States air raid of Libya in convenience; we head into the dining hall, forgetting she had everything she needed – food, water, animals. certified barrister by 1953 1986, Thatcher publicly that so many people took so many hours preparing Seven years ago, she came to the United States and immediately reentered expressed her support for our food, setting it out in beautiful, easy-to-access with her whole family – two sons, one daughter, and politics yet again. Finally, Reagan and even granted A member of the Conservative Party, Thatcher was the first and, arrangements, and cleaning its tables and floors. her husband – planning to live here for the rest of Thatcher earned her seat in the United States military to date only, woman to serve as Prime Minister of Great Britain, We are a nation of immigrants. In fact, only 1.2% their lives. She left her parents and siblings behind, the House of Commons in the permission to use leading the country from 1979 to 1990. of the American population is truly “native” American but one sister and one brother soon followed her lead. 1959, as a representative from Finchley. Her return British bases. (http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/00000. She brought suitcases full of clothing, dishes, and revitalized her career. Thatcher’s hardheaded ways cost her her political html). But, we frequently forget this fact: we, or our jewelry, and started working in housekeeping upon In the following years, Thatcher would go on to career, however, as she tried to implement a fixed ancestors, came as immigrants and had to adapt to her arrival. After two years, she was able to get a job serve as parliamentary under rate local tax that was highly American society. Now it’s time to remember what it with Aramark, thanks to connections with a family secretary for pensions and resented by the public. In 1990, was like – what it was like to leave our families and our member. She does not have a driver’s license, nor national insurance, a member Thatcher attempted to run for nations behind, to come for a better life, for refuge, does she hold American citizenship, but she plans on of the Shadow Cabinet, and her third term as prime minister; for a fresh start. applying for it this summer (despite the $750 dollar secretary of state for education however, she succumbed to the I hope that in these stories, we can all become fee). Since her emigration, she has visited Russia once. and science. After receiving demands of her Conservative better acquainted with some of the Aramark staff, Uzbekistan, however, will forever be her favorite some bad press regarding her Party colleagues who wanted that we can come to appreciate the lives and stories country (even though she hasn’t been back since decision to end the universal free her to step down for the sake of all the members of this campus, and that we she left in 1989, and has no family there.) Khayriya school milk scheme (or “plan”), of party unity and have a better can remember what we and our ancestors and our speaks Turkish, Uzbek, and Russian. Russian: “privet” – Thatcher felt a little discouraged chance to win the General peers experienced in coming to America. Certainly, (pronounced preevyet)—hello by a woman’s ability to make it Election. Thus, her role as prime immigrating is not easy. as a politician in a man’s world. minister ended. Here are stories of immigration, of flight, of Fatime was born in Albania, a “very beautiful” Soon she would dispel her own Although she had left office, tolerance, of fear, of unbelievable strength, and of country, in her words. Her father died from cancer skepticism with her nomination Thatcher didn’t allow herself growth. Here are stories from within our community, when she was a freshman in high school, and her as party head of the declining much “down time.” She was from our Aramark staff. Each person is unique; each mother was left to raise seven children (six girls, Conservative Party in 1975, when promptly given a seat in the life is rich; each story has the power to change us, to one boy). Fatime finished high school at a private she became the first woman House of Lords, assuming the change our view and our perspective on the world and institution and did not go on to college. Instead, as leader of an opposition party in title of Baroness Thatcher of on our community. These stories inspire me, and I the oldest child, she had to help her mom support the the House of Commons. Kesteven in 1992. She even hope that they inspire you as well. family and take care of her younger siblings, so she The general state of published three books on the worked threading rugs. Two of her other sisters had disconcerting instability, as subject of women’s advancement Khayriya was born in 1956 in Uzbekistan, a gone on to university, and “that was enough schooling well as political and economic in politics and international Muslim country in the heart of the “stans,” cradled for one family,” Fatime said. chaos in Britain, brought about politics. between Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and She came to the United States in 1997 with her the return of the Conservative Even though in the past few Kyrgyzstan. She husband, whom she met through her aunt, and her Party. The Party was elected in years she had been mentioned was born into a two small children (ten and six years old). She had seen 1979, and Thatcher successfully more in the context of her large Turkish family, clips and movies of America on TV, and thought that it became Britain’s first female deteriorating health, Thatcher Thatcher’s tough political persona earned her the with four brothers looked “perfect.” So, she and her husband placed their prime minister. As prime lived the life of a pioneer and a nickname “Iron Lady.” and one sister. She names in a sort of lottery and won the opportunity minister, Thatcher faced a military challenge as one powerful leader. graduated from the to immigrate here. They came for a better life, and of her first obstacles. She successfully beat back the On April 8, 2013, Thatcher passed away after years First Tashkent State sold all of their belongings in Albania. She did not Argentinean invasion of the Falkland Islands during of suffering from strokes and memory loss. Although Medical Institute, know any English, but her 10-year-old daughter had the Falklands War in 1982. her office in the House of Lords had been shut down and worked as a learned elementary English in school. Her husband Known for her strict pro-corporate political since July 2011, and her service as prime minister had sort of principal had relatives in Georgia, so they initially went to approach, Thatcher set about to privatize Britain’s long ended, the mark that she imprinted on Great for several years live with them. For two months, neither her nor her publicly owned institutions, such as social housing and Britain, both positive and negative, remains forever before her move. In husband had work; neither of them had a car. In time, public transport. She managed to tackle the country’s etched in the country’s history. 1989, violent ethnic however, both of them were able to find jobs – in fact, recession by preventing inflation through her method clashes between two jobs each! Fatime sighed that it was very difficult

20 Khayriya 21 when they first arrived, and they desperately wanted Growing up, she had been friends with Christians – allowing women and to go back home to Albania. But, her family supported they had shared everything, and there had been no children to leave. their decision to come, and sent them money so that ethnic divide. At that age, she didn’t understand the Enver stayed. He they could get on their own two feet. They moved to war; she just knew that she had to keep on hiding. lost his work, for at Connecticut in 2000. Four of her siblings followed After her return to Zvornik, she was forced to live in that time, only Serbs her here, and her mother has now lived in the U.S. for a camper house outside. She moved around for eight had jobs. He stayed the past ten years as well. years, completely homeless, penniless, working small at home; he was not Fatime has been an American citizen for the past jobs at random farms to earn one roll of bread for the allowed to go out ten years, and she thought that it was a very easy entire family. She “forgot what money looked like.” to buy food, so he process – it only cost $250 per person (compared to She had her first daughter in 1995 while they were simply ate what he the current $750), and her kids received citizenship still on the move, and her second in 1998. In 2000, had in the house. easily because they were under the age of 18. her husband decided to flee the country and go to There was extreme She goes back to Albania every two years. Although Croatia in order to apply for the American status of segregation between she really misses her friends and the Albanian lifestyle a political refugee. They came to the U.S. on May 18, the different ethnic (which is much more relaxed and social than life in 2001, bringing only clothes and dishes, no money. The groups. the U.S.), she cannot bear to part from her children. American government gave them a “credit” upon their Azika escaped to She is incredibly proud of them, for they have both entry into the U.S. – it paid for their airline tickets, Austria and waited graduated from university as first-generation college as well as their apartment for eight months, but the there for Enver, graduates. family had to buy its own food. Selvira worked in a who had to bribe Albanian: “Mirëmëngjes” (pronounced mermoonjes) – pipe factory in New Britain in order to earn money, Serbian soldiers good morning but she cried because she didn’t know any English. with 1,500 German “Si jeni” (pronounced see-yeni) – how are you? Finally, however, she learned English, Polish, and Marks. Once he Spanish in addition to her native Bosnian. She is not finally escaped in Selvira was born in 1978 in Zvornik, Bosnia. She an American citizen. 1992, he met his wife was born into a Muslim family and lived on a large Selvira would like to stay in the U.S. because she in Austria, and they farm with her mother, father, two brothers, and sister. wants a better future for her daughters – one where stayed there for two She finished middle school in 1991, but never had a they can at least finish high school. She has no more to three months. They moved again to Germany as chance to go to high school – in 1991, she was forced family in Bosnia; she returned in 2005 to visit her refugees, where they stayed for five to six years. When The six republics of the former Yugoslavia: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia (which includes Kosovo and to flee her home in order to save her life. mom and then went back again in 2009 to bury her. Enver and Azika first left Bosnia, they kept thinking Since he fled in Vojvodina),1992, he Montenegro,has been back and Macedoniato Bosnia Bosnia was an ethnic mix of Orthodox Serbians, Bosnian: “dovidjenja” they would return, kept thinking they would be back seven or eight times. He is sad that he had to leave Catholic Croatians, and Muslim Bosnians. Each (pronounced doveegeeña) home the next month, but the next month turned his beautiful country, but each time that he goes back ethnic group spoke a different language, used a – hello into the next year, which turned into...It turns out different graphic system, and followed a different that they couldn’t have even returned to their village; he sees the country getting worse and worse; he sees more and more depression; he sees no jobs, no futures. religion. They were held together under communism Enver was born the Serbs had given their house (the house that Enver and under Josip Broz Tito, the president of Yugoslavia in Bosnia in 1954. He built himself) away, and demanded they go through a When he thinks of Bosnia, he thinks of the beautiful from 1953 until his death in 1980. For the next decade, grew up as a Muslim crazy court process to retrieve it. country in Yugoslavia that he once loved, where mixed the six individual nations that were part of Yugoslavia in Kozluk, in a house Enver and Azika finally applied for American marriage was accepted, where sleeping on the streets (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia, Macedonia, with his two older visas, which took one year to process, and they came was safe. Now, ever since Tito’s death, “Balkan (as the Montenegro, and Slovenia) started dividing and brothers, his mother, to Connecticut as war refugees in 1999. His brother region of southeastern Europe is known) is a black declaring their independence. In Bosnia, the Serbians and father. His father, and his respective family had already moved to hole.” Bosnia is still very divided, and the country wanted to keep the unity of Yugoslavia while the a judge, was a famous Connecticut, so he followed him here. Enver came that was once friendly is now run by the mafia, and is Bosnians wanted to declare independence. These politician in the area, knowing no English, only Russian and German (and, of now a country where regular people have nothing. But dividing lines escalated and Bosnians started to split and his mother was a course, Bosnian). He worked in two different factories looking back on the war, Enver believes that it could along ethnic lines. War broke out around 1992 and the housewife, staying home to take care of the before finding Aramark and coming to Loomis. He not have been avoided. After Tito’s death, “everything Enver so-called “ethnic cleansing” began. children and run the household. As a child, Enver’s ended up teaching himself English, translating songs was broken,” and the different ethnic groups were Selvira took a couple clothes, a pair of shoes, and father wanted him to become a lawyer, but he ended to Bosnian, while interacting with students. bound to divide. Looking back on communism, Enver some food, loaded them onto a horse, and moved up attending a college for economics, studying to His mother, 95 years old, lives with him here in asserts that he believes that government, in general, in with her grandmother in Srebrenica. She and her become an economist. He loved his job working at Connecticut. While Enver has been an American is an enemy of the people (no matter the system). family stayed for one year. When she returned to the bank. citizen since 2003, Azika is not, for she cannot Although he acknowledges that in communism, the her home in Zvornik at the end of the war, she had Enver married Azika—[shameless shout-out to speak or write English and, therefore, cannot take government is dictatorial and greedy, the government lost everything. Her town had been massacred, all of Mason Dormitory!]—in 1979. Actually, he had known the citizenship test. His second brother moved to cares about its people, offering them free school, free the Muslims killed; her house had been burned and her since she was born – they lived in the same village. Serbia with his Serbian wife, a world champion in healthcare, etc. (compared to the U.S., where we have destroyed with bombs. Looters and Christians took They did not grow up together, but they reconnected rifle shooting. Both of his brothers married Serbians a democracy but “we are not entirely free;” we must everything from her farm. Her father and brother had when she returned to the village to find work at the before the war. In fact, 60% of marriages in the pay for all of our services.) joined the military to try and help free Bosnia. Only bank; they soon fell in love. Enver and Azika built former Yugoslavia were mixed marriages between Enver saw real war. He saw fighting, amputees, her father returned. Her older brother, blown up by a their own house together. different ethnicities. (In Enver’s words, “love is love,” death. He saw “people become animals.” The one bomb, died in 1992. When war broke out, the Serbian Army closed no matter the ethnicity). Enver has three children and lesson that he takes away is to not make plans for the In her opinion, there never should have been a war. Enver’s village, detaining all men inside and only four grandchildren. future – your life could change in a split second – to live for today, and to take each day step-by-step.

22 23 Chávez’s reign. Extremely distrusting of the U.S., the americas he has even suggested that Chávez’s enemies found a way to give cancer to the former leader (Neuman, “Venezuela Gives Chávez Protégé Narrow Victory,” The New York Times, 14 April 2013). Nevertheless, Nicolás Maduro: Son of Chávez, or Savior of Venezuela? Maduro has recently displayed signs that indicate by Paige Mickel ’14 he may concede his anti-American agenda during his presidency in order to improve U.S.-Venezuelan In less than two months, the future of Venezuela political heir, won narrowly over Henrique Capriles to relations. Approaching former New Mexico governor has been thrown into uncertainty: on March 5, 2013, secure the presidency, effectively continuing Chávez’s Bill Richardson in Caracas right before clinching the its infamous president, Hugo Chávez, passed away revolution. The election was exceptionally close, with election, Maduro indicated that Venezuela would in a hospital room in Caracas. Chávez, the face of Maduro garnering 50.6% of the vote and Capriles like to resume the talks that it had previously cut South America, had been in power since 1999 before falling short with 49.1%, according to official results off with the United States. Venezuela will continue succumbing to cancer at the age of 58. Once news of released by the Electoral Council (Neuman, “Victory its Petrocaribe program, which provides oil and Proves Gloomy for Venezuela’s New Leader,” The natural gas sales on preferential terms to certain New York Times, 15 April 2013). The race was so close, countries, including Cuba and, recently, Honduras in fact, that Capriles demanded a recount. Once and Guatemala. Nicolás Maduro, the new President of Venezuela the decision was finalized, however, the disgruntled President Obama has still not announced whether currently tenuous relationship between the United runner-up called on his supporters to protest the the U.S. is recognizing Maduro as the official president States and Venezuela could make headway. Only time outcome, triggering complete havoc on the streets of Venezuela. According to Obama, fundamental will tell whether Nicolás Maduro will ameliorate the of the capital. His followers, who represent a broad principles such as human rights, free speech, and social and political difficulties in his country, or simply alliance of groups from many political spheres, burned democracy were violated after the election. However, continue the oppressive socialist regime installed by garbage and blocked off a major highway; nine people with a more cooperative Venezuelan government, the Chávez fourteen years ago. were left dead in the wake of the riots. Now the question is what will lie ahead for this torn and violence-ridden country. Maduro, the self- Heated Topics on the Docket: Decisions of the 2013 proclaimed “son of Chávez,” lacks his predecessor’s sharp political skills and captivating charisma; he also United States Supreme Court by Kath Kryuchkova ’13 proved to be a poor campaigner during the election. He must handle the current situation in Venezuela, where While there is absolutely no chance a Loomis to preach the morals of Orwell’s 1984. The right to student goes through junior year without ever hearing privacy is not explicitly stated in the Constitution, Venezuelans in Caracas after President Hugo Chávez’s death social and economic conditions continue to worsen was announced in March. He had been out of public view since as well. Violent crime is rampant, and the economy the words “judicial review” or “Marbury v. Madison,” and therefore is often dangerously subject to federal December 2012. is crippled by high inflation and a disparity of basic the landmark cases always seem distant, drowned in infringement. The Clapper ruling is likely to hinder his death reached the public, mourning crowds began foods, medicines, and goods. The South American history. However, this year’s Supreme Court cases the possibility of future similar challenges to federal to assemble on the streets, many thinking not only of country is the fourth-largest supplier of foreign oil include extremely relevant issues: national security, power. the absence of their longtime leader, but also of the to the United States, making a relationship between affirmative action, and same-sex marriage. The affirmative action case, Fisher v. University fear for their own futures in a country already replete them necessary despite political tensions (Neuman, Firstly, on March 12, the Supreme Court ruled on of Texas, tackles the common university admission with violent crime and government corruption. Due “Chávez Dies”). However, Maduro has claimed that Clapper v. Amnesty International USA, the case that policies. Abigail Fisher is a young Caucasian woman to his death, the fate of Chávez’s socialist regime has the U.S. was seeking to “destabilize” Venezuela during challenged the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance who has recently graduated from Louisiana State been cast into doubt. During his presidency, Chávez Act and the legality of federal surveillance of University. She claims that the University of Texas at led a group of nations with the aim of decreasing U.S. international communication via phone or Internet. Austin rejected her in 2008 because of her race. While influence in the region (William Neuman, “Chávez The Supreme Court held that the plaintiff’s argument Ms. Fisher presents herself as a fighter for equal Dies, Leaving Sharp Divisions in Venezuela,” The was based mainly on speculation and thus was not opportunity and meritocracy, the University defends New York Times, 5 March 2013). His energetic and tenable. According to Matt Sledge in The Huffington its admission policy by claiming that the school retains determined speeches empowered many of the poor, Post, the decision was a catch-22 for the plaintiffs, the right to create a balanced, varied student body. In but also widened social divisions in Venezuela. Up since “The program is so secret that reporters and the 2003 case Grutter v. Bollinger, the Court rejected until the announcement of his death, the public human rights advocates don’t know whether they’re the use of quotas in college admissions, but allowed knowledge of Chávez’s condition and the specifics of being wiretapped” (“Clapper v. Amnesty International, for consideration of race as part of “holistic review.” his cancer treatment were kept to a minimum in order Warrantless Wiretapping Challenge, Struck Down By However, a decade has passed, and the 5-4 ruling in to preserve his powerful reputation. In the wake of Supreme Court,” 26 February 2013). Jameel Jaffer, the 2003 may be reversed in June. Justice Elena Kagan will his passing, however, the people of Venezuela had to deputy legal director of the American Civil Liberties recuse herself from this case because she worked on select his predecessor. Union and the lawyer for the plaintiffs, dubbed the it while serving as Solicitor General of the U.S. before According to the country’s constitution, since ruling a “disturbing decision” that “insulates the joining the Supreme Court in 2010. Therefore, there Chávez was at the beginning of his term, the nation [warrantless wiretapping] statute from meaningful remains a possibility of a 4-4 tie, in which case “the needs to hold an election within 30 days. Clashing judicial review and leaves Americans’ privacy rights university [decision] would prevail but no important interpretations of the constitution, due to the nature to the mercy of the political branches” (Sledge). Since precedent would be established” (Bill Mears, CNN. of his illness, initially inspired fierce debate. However, 9/11, federal legislation has been prioritizing national com, 27 May 2013). While Ms. Fisher’s statement, “I on April 14, Nicolás Maduro, Chávez’s handpicked security over the right to privacy, leading libertarians don’t think that we even need to have a race box on The funeral of former Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, who 24 died of cancer in March. 25 legally married in New York, but after Spyer’s death Windsor was forced to pay more in taxes than if she’d global had a husband. These decisions may have great or little impact depending on how narrowly the Court chooses to rule. In the Proposition 8 case, while the Supreme Court may take the chance to redefine the Challenges Still Facing Women Around the World status of gay people in the United States by invoking by Natasia Nabila ’16 the Fourteenth Amendment, there exist possibilities of the Supreme Court eschewing the central question As political and social change sweeps the world, attention, and surgeries on her brain and intestines of gay rights. For example, the Court could reinforce we tend to dismiss the past and consign into oblivion (Simon Romero, “American Woman Gang-Raped and the decision of the United States Court of Appeals women’s rights and safety. It is not only developing Beaten on Brazilian Transit Van,” The New York Times, that ruled Proposition 8 unconstitutional because countries that face this problem; in fact, our entire 1 April 2013). This is disturbing news, particularly it cancelled a previously granted right to marry in world is inattentive toward the unfortunate fate of for tourists and athletes, as Brazil will host the 2014 California (Howard Mintz, “Gay Marriage: The women. World Cup and 2016 Summer Olympic Games. Issues Before the Supreme Court,” The Denver Post, 25 Approximately 6,683 miles away from Brazil, there is a woman in Turkey named Gokce. A 37-year-old A supporter of gay marriage stands outside the Supreme Court the application” (Adam Liptak, “Race and College mother of two, Gokce was shot in the leg six times Admissions, Facing a New Test by Justices, The New by her husband 15 years ago, and has been on the run York Times, 8 October 2012), may seem naïve and ever since. Her husband kidnapped her mother and maximalist, the Supreme Court needs to draw the line stabbed her brother to try to force her to come back. between diversity and reverse racism. But when she went to the police for help, they gave The Supreme Court is also going to tackle same- her back to her husband, and told him to break her leg sex marriage in two potentially landmark cases. One to prevent her from future escapes. Women’s rights of the cases on the docket is Holligsworth v. Perry, in Turkey have become nearly nonexistent, to the nicknamed Proposition 8 after a California law that point where outreach groups have suggested arming prohibits same-sex marriage. Aside from simply women and teaching them to fire weaponry as a banning gay marriage, the law actually annulled the counterbalance against abuse (Dan Bilefsky, “Women marriages of those who married legally in California See Worrisome Shift in Turkey,” The New York Times, before Proposition 8 was passed. The Supreme Court 25 April 2012). will rule whether or not Proposition 8 violates the Unfortunately, by 2012, there were 207,253 cases of equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment Abigail Fisher, the plaintiff in an important affirmative action The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination deliberate injuries to women across Turkey, compared of the United States Constitution: “no state shall ... case on the Supreme Court’s 2012-13 docket. against Women (CEDAW) celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2009, with 189,377 in 2010 (Bilefsky). According to a 2009 deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal March, 2013). The DOMA case is generally considered with UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon (center), delivering the Turkish government report based on interviews with protection of the laws.” less consequential: even if the Supreme Court strikes opening remarks at a meeting in New York. Ban declared that, nearly 13,000 women, 39% of women in Turkey report The other case on the docket concerns the Defense down DOMA and allows same-sex couples to collect “The Convention is one of the most successful human rights suffering physical violence at some point in their of Marriage Act, or DOMA, a 1996 federal law that federal benefits, it would still leave the legality of treatiesIn Delhi, ever.” India, Pamosh Raina was harassed while lifetime; this is higher than the 22% rate in the United defines marriage as the following: “the word ‘marriage’ same-sex marriage up to the individual states (Sam she was driving in the streets in her own car. A male States, and a range of between 3 and 35% in 20 European means only a legal union between one man and one Baker, “Justices Grapple with Gay Marriage at Pivotal driver screamed at her with violent insults laced with countries (Bilefsky). Even though there is less brutality woman as husband and wife, and the word ‘spouse’ Moment in Rights Debate,” The Hill, 25 March 2013). sexual innuendos because the streets were too narrow against women, the U.S. is one of only seven countries refers only to a A l t h o u g h and he could not overtake a woman driver. He followed that has not yet ratified the Convention on the person of the the same-sex her car afterward while brandishing a gun, but when Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against opposite sex cases are the she reported him to the police, the police only fined Women, adopted in December 1979; by 2008, it had who is a husband most discussed him with a mere $1.80 (Pamposh Raina, “In Delhi, been accepted by 185 nations (http://untreaty.un.org/ or a wife.’’ by the media, Even My Own Car Is No Refuge,” The New York Times, cod/avl/ha/cedaw/cedaw.html). This convention is the Consequently, all of these 12 April 2013). With the government portraying such most comprehensive women’s human rights treaty s a m e - s e x cases deserve an indifferent attitude, the country will never step out and one of the most effective tools for persuading couples are consideration of its somber shroud. Anupama Ramakrishnan, 33, a governments to address violence against women. The denied federal because they sociology student at Delhi University, blamed “a deeply United States should hasten the process to eliminate benefits even in will definitely held sense of patriarchy” for the rape of a woman on a cruelty. the states that shape American bus on December 16, 2012, another instance of female One scholar of the Han Dynasty stated, “The recognize gay legislation and subjugation in India (Niharika Mandhana, “Indians hearts of all the common people of the world contain marriage. The politics in the Outraged Over Rape on Moving Bus in New Delhi,” feelings of benevolence, justice, property, wisdom constitutionality next few years The New York Times, 18 December 2012). and sincerity” (afe.easia.columbia.edu/ ps/china/ of this law will – and possibly, Similarly, Brazil’s safety standards for women wang_youpu_exhortations.pdf). Perhaps if everyone be challenged in decades. The concern the world. An American woman was sexually utilizes these fundamentals to vie for women’s rights, United States v. decisions will assaulted on a Brazilian bus, as her husband was beaten the 21st century will provide a justification and, most Windsor. Edith be published in with an iron rod while witnessing the two-hour rape importantly, set an example that can be later adapted Windsor and June. of his wife. The woman needed immediate medical or imitated elsewhere. Thea Spyer had The 2013 Supreme Court. Front (l to r): Clarence Thomas, Antonin Scalia, Chief Justice John Roberts, Anthony Kennedy, Ruth Bader Ginsburg. 26 Back (l to r): Sonia Sotomayor, Stephen Breyer, Samuel Alito, Elena Kagan. 27 and so it took some time to get the word out. But An Interview with Mrs. Marley Matlack, Associate Director of currently we’ve had 34 students come in to express by Paige Mickel ’14 interest and sign up to pursue the Global Studies the Center for Global Studies certificate. There are somewhere between five and ten juniors that could be the inaugural class graduating Paige Mickel recently sat down with Mrs. Matlack, That’s a big thing that we’re talking about now, next year with a Global Studies certificate. There are Associate Director of the Center for Global Studies, trying to figure out where we’re going to travel. When many different requirements to get this. Some of these to discuss the first year of the Global Studies program we pick the destinations, it’s with purpose. It’s not requirements include taking at least five courses, which and what lies in its future. just a random decision, so a lot of thought has to go are selected from the Global Studies list of approved behind it. And that requires us to do an examination of courses, and they have to be from at least two different Mickel: Since the Center just opened this our curriculum and see what areas of the world make departments. One of your classes that could count is year, some people still might not know what it sense for us to go to, based on what kids are learning if you take a language beyond the 4th level. You have a is and what function it serves. Could you tell us here. That’s how we chose to go to South Africa, great variety of classes in all the different departments, a bit about it? because we have a couple different classes about such as language electives, history electives, and Matlack: The Center for Global Studies is in its South Africa, so we thought it was a great opportunity environmental-based science electives. Also, some first year this year. The reason why it was created was for kids to take what they’ve learned in the classroom Philosophy/Psychology/Religion classes, some music because Loomis did an analysis and an overview of all and move beyond that and see it in real life. We’re Shabana Basij-Rasikh, Head of the School of Leadership in classes, and interdisciplinary classes. And as we move of our academic offerings, and looked through all of definitely interested in introducing more programs. Afghanistan,lead towards? visited We’re Loomis really Chaffee excited in November with this 2012. program, along with this program, we have people that come our educational goals and realized that we needed to We think that that will keep it fresh and keep more and we’d love to see where is goes, and see how much in all the time asking how to make a class into part do more to achieve the goal in our mission statement, kids interested. Also, by rotating the programs almost interest kids have. Who knows what could happen of the Global Studies curriculum. We’re looking to that is, to prepare our students to be globalized every year, it means that kids can look forward to in the future? Right now the mission is to identify see how we can develop the curriculum, adding more citizens. That started the idea of creating a center. A it and we can offer more opportunities for different classes that already exist, to “globalize” their curricula classes [to the list] if it’s possible and they’re relevant. couple of our peer schools in the area have started to types of interests that kids might have. For example, a little bit more, and to figure out what we can do to In addition to the classwork, you also have to do an create programs like this. We realize how important we’ve toyed with the idea of every other year having expand upon them and make them relevant in today’s international sojourn. It has to be a trip of at least two it is to give our kids the opportunities to think about the France photography trip, and in between having world—hopefully something that our kids will have a weeks. If it’s a Loomis trip, it automatically qualifies. people beyond themselves and to travel and to start an Italy painting trip. Also, we’ve thought a lot about leg up in taking. This is something that can be done through Loomis or looking at things in the classroom with a more global introducing more trips that are language-based, or an outside program; there are many different ways to perspective. The Center’s function is twofold: one have the opportunity for students to speak different Is there anything else you’d like to say? fulfill it. The most important thing is that you need to is curriculum, and the other is the International languages that we teach here. So that includes a trip to We really encourage anyone in the LC community come into the Center and talk to us about it, and the Education Programs (IEP’s). Mr. McCandless, the China, a trip to somewhere where they speak Arabic, to come in and see us, and ask questions or make big thing that we want to see is that there is cultural director, is really in charge of the curriculum, so he whether that be in the Middle East or Morocco. And suggestions. We’ve had some really great opportunities immersion, and that there is something that you want helps teachers globalize their curriculum in looking for just thinking about what is relevant right now in our through parents, so we really encourage everyone to to bring back to the Loomis community or reflect on. resources or opportunities to go beyond the textbook global society, and trying to figure out what makes feel like they can play a role in the development of the In addition to that, there is a Global Studies seminar, and to go beyond this immediate community, and try the most sense to go and see because they might have Center over time. Just come in and check it out, see which is being created now, so we’re still trying to and make more connections. So that could include something current happening that’s really significant what’s possible. We have open space, and everybody’s figure out what the format will be. You also must have Skyping with a classroom in Singapore, or looking at and that we want to expose our students to. welcome to come in and talk to us! different types of primary source documents that are a significant contribution to an extracurricular club from other countries. The IEP’s are a little different— What are the requirements for the Global that falls under the world affairs umbrella or has an those are opportunities for our students to be able to Studies certificate? Is it a popular option? international focus. There are probably about ten or go off campus during one of the breaks, and to have a The Global Studies certificate has definitely been twelve different groups on campus that fit into that cultural interaction with another community. very popular this year. A lot of kids have come in and category. The biggest thing is that they need to come shown interest in it. It was a little slow-going at first, back to school after they’ve completed their sojourn, How did the Dominican Republic and India just because it’s brand new and something different, or any time in their Loomis career, to have some type trips over spring break go? of presentation, project, or paper (outside of class) and We think that they were a great success, and we’re share their experience with the Loomis community. really happy with how they ran this year. It’s hard That’s something that they would work out with the because you never know what can happen when you Center to figure out what form that would be in. leave the country, but that’s part of the excitement of going somewhere new. There are inherent risks Is there a possibility of classes through the and different challenges that come up, but we think Center for Global Studies, or its being its own it went really well. All of the students and parents department? of students who went on the trip have had nothing What we’re trying to do is not necessarily have our but positive things to say, and we’re looking forward own department but really see how we can take a look to the next set of programs running this summer, to at all of the Loomis curriculum, and globalize it when France, South Africa, and Spain. it makes sense. We could have our own Global Studies seminar in the future; who knows what that could Do you have any plans in the works for expansion of trips in the future? Other destinations or kinds of programs? Matlack at Angkor Wat, a Hindu, then subsequently Buddhist, temple complex in Cambodia, the largest religious monument in Loomis students on their spring break trip Dominican Republic the world. 28 29 Image Sources Also in the News

Bangladesh - On Sunday, May 5, Islamic protesters, members of the ultra-conservative, Hefazat-e-Islami, laid siege to Motijheel, the commercial center of Chaka, Bangladesh, with a list of thirteen demands centered upon

(cover)­ (page 17) turning Bangladesh into a more Islamic-focused country. The protesters established themselves in Motijheel http://globevector.com/download/glossy-blue-and-green-world-globe/glossy-blue- http://magaalo.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Ban_Ki_moon1.jpg early in the day, and fighting broke out when the activists broke through a police cordon. The protesters were and-green-world-globe.png http://s1.reutersmedia.net/resources/r/?m=02&d=20130403&t=2&i=718648068&w=& fh=&fw=&ll=460&pl=300&r=CBRE9311N9U00 finally subdued Sunday night. (page 2) http://cusge.objectwareinc.com/portals/16/skins/usglobalengagementhome/Images/ (page 18) BannerGlobe.jpg http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/gallery/2013/mar/13/pope-francis-life-in-pictures Israel - Israeli bombers pulverized Syria’s capital, Damascus, in a nighttime air raid aimed at destroying weapons that Israel claimed were being sent from Iran to Hezbollah, the Shi-ite militant group based in Lebanon. While (page 3) (page 19) http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51MqiChN9qL._SL500_SS500_.jpg http://www.scandinaviantravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/SCANDINAVIA- Bashar al-Assad’s government furiously criticized the strikes, Israeli officials claim these weapons would be MAP-4.jpg (page 5) launched at Tel Aviv by Hezbollah if Israel attempted to strike Iran’s nuclear reactors. http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/dam/assets/130430065706-02-bangladesh-building- (page 19) collapse-0501-story-top.jpg http://theird.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/margaret-thatcher_dawn-com_130408- article.jpg Italy - Italy’s former Prime Minister, Giulio Andreotti, who served on and off from 1972 to 1992 died at 94 (page 6) on May 6, Italian officials said. In his prime, Andreotti was one of the most powerful men in Italy, if not in all http://stewpig.com/wp-content/gallery/adwin/koreanredlight9.jpg (page 20) http://image.moneytoday.co.kr/2005/04/2005041409465862692_3.jpg http://englishwithatwist.com/ShanthiBlog/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/margaret_ of Europe; he helped draft the country’s constitution after World War II, sat in parliament for 60 years, and thatcher_thelincoln.co_.uk_.jpg served as prime minister seven times. Until his death, he remained a senator-for-life. A controversial figure who (page 7) http://us.cdn001.fansshare.com/photos/margaretthatcher/margaret-thatcher-shared- http://dimg.donga.com/wps/NEWS/IMAGE/2013/04/01/54109561.1.jpg picture-1109799372.jpg was accused of exchanging a “kiss of honor” with the Mafia’s No. 1 boss and of being involved in the murder

(page 8) (page 21) of an Italian journalist, Andreotti was also known for being friends with popes and cardinals and his figure was http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8522/8556480088_5a0b87b9a9.jpg Photo of Khayriya by Arianna Calabrese ’13 recognizable to generations of Italians.

(page 8) (page 22) http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/brain- Photo of Enver by Arianna Calabrese ’13 Libya - The Libyan Parliament has banned anyone who was formerly a senior official in Muammar Gaddafi’s 42- drain1-11.jpg (page 23) year regime from holding office in the newly formed Libyan government. The Parliament was pressured to vote (page 9) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/SocialistYugoslavia_ on this resolution after armed groups invaded two ministries, among other institutions, in a successful attempt http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2013/4/19/1366400017552/ en.svg/2000px-SocialistYugoslavia_en.svg.png Tsarnaev-brothers-010.jpg to force Parliament’s hand. (page 24) (page 10) http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2013/03/06/world/americas/VENEZUELA/ http://ionenewsone.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/northerncaucasusmap. VENEZUELA-articleLarge.jpg Mexico - On May 2, President Obama discussed immigration and drug violence with Mexico’s new president, jpg?w=800&h=465 http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/MSNBC/Components/Photo/_new/ss-130308-hugo- chavez-funeral-jsw-tease.photoblog600.jpg Enrique Peña Nieto, in a private meeting in Mexico City. Nieto is attempting to minimize U.S. involvement in (page 11) Mexican security affairs, although his predecessor, Felipe Calderón, expanded it. Obama compliantly said the Photo of Long Nguyen by Rachel M. Engelke (page 25) http://www.abc.net.au/news/image/4563658-3x2-940x627.jpg U.S. would “interact” with Mexico in “any way that the Mexican government deems appropriate.” (page 12) http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/About/ (page 26) General/2009/1/12/1231747104465/Jacob-Zuma-during-a-media-001.jpg http://blogs.kqed.org/newsfix/files/2012/11/same-sex-marriage-supreme-court1.jpg North Korea - Pae Jun Ho, who the American authorities know as Kenneth Bae, was arrested and sentenced http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2012/10/11/us/politics/11scotus-cnd/11scotus- (page 13) cnd-articleLarge.jpg to 15 years in a North Korean detention camp during his most recent visit to the country this past November. http://www.mangolanguages.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/fifa-world-cup-trophy. http://www.thinkinghousewife.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/SupremeCourt During the first week of May 2013, the United States demanded Bae’s immediate release, but North Korean jpg Justices_2012_032620121-1024x819.jpg officials have declared that due to the ongoing hostilities between the U.S. and North Korea, they will not (page 14) (page 27) release him. However, North Korean officials also were adamant in stating that Bae is not a political bargaining http://www.nationalturk.com/en/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/mali-refugees- http://www.ips.org/mdg3/wp-content/library/1__2_.jpg mauritania.jpg chip, leaving their motivations unclear. http://www.biyokulule.com/sawiro/sawirada_waaweyn/Mali-Azawad2.jpg (page 28) http://24.media.tumblr.com/449c82005e184dfe72e513e13c6958d8/tumblr_ (page 15) mjwtrzwFq71s74kcfo1_500.jpg Pakistan - A suicide bomber killed 25 people at an election rally organized by the religious political party Jamiat http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Grand_Ayatollah_Ali_ Khamenei%2C.jpghttp://www.imemc.org/article/58979 (page 29) Ulema-e-Islam in Pakistan on May 6. Pakistani Talibans have claimed responsibility for the attack. Since April, http://cdn1.beeffco.com/files/poll-images/normal/hassan-rowhani_7911.jpg http://www.loomischaffee.org/uploaded/Academics_photos/Global_Studies/ the radical Islamist group has targeted secular parties in its bid to weaken the May 11 general election, which Shabana_Basij-Rasikh.jpg (page 16) Photo of Angkor Wat courtesy of Marley Matlack it views as anti-Islamic. The Monday attack in the northwestern region of Pakistan will raise questions about http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Baath_Party_founder_ whether the terrorist groups have expanded their targets to include non-secular parties. Michel_Aflaq_in_the_late_1930s.jpg/220px-Baath_Party_founder_Michel_Aflaq_in_ (page 30) the_late_1930s.jpg http://www.amandabarden.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/j0438504.jpg http://alldictators.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/n-10019.jpg – On Sunday, May 5, a Syrian official called Israel’s attack against its military research facility a “declaration http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_ Syria Ba%27ath_Party.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png of war.” Deputy Foreign Minister Faisal al Mekdad told CNN that the attack amounted to an alliance between Islamic terrorists and Israel.

Sources: CNN, The Washington Post, and Reuters

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