Wo Sind All Die Roten Khmer Geblieben? Mai 2020 Daniel Bultmann
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Memory of Nations: Democratic Transition Guide” (ISBN 978-80-86816-39-5)
MEMORY OF NATIONS Democratic Transition Guide [ The Cambodian Experience ] CONTENTS AUTHORS TRANSFORMATIONS OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS . 3 PECHET MEN Pechet Men has worked with the Documentation Center of CONSOLIDATING THE STATE SECURITY Cambodia (DC-Cam), Phnom Penh, for almost a decade APPARATUS .......................... 6 from a Volunteer to Field Investigator and has published ex- tensively on Khmer Rouge survivors’ accounts and articles, [REGIME] ARCHIVES ................... 10 locally and internationally. LUSTRATION ......................... 13 KOSAL PATH Assistant Professor of Political Science at the Brooklyn Col- INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION lege of The City University of New York, USA. Researcher for OF THE CRIMES OF THE REGIME .......... 16 the Cambodian Genocide Program at Yale University and the Documentation Center of Cambodia (1995–2000). His REHABILITATION OF VICTIMS ............. 21 main teaching and research interests are international rela- tions, genocide, human rights and transitional justice. EDUCATION AND PRESERVATION OF SITES OF CONSCIENCE ....................... 26 BERND SCHAEFER Senior Scholar with the Woodrow Wilson International TIMELINE OF THE MAJOR EVENTS ......... 31 Center’s Cold War International History Project (CWIHP), Professorial Lecturer at George Washington University; both SOURCES USED AND FURTHER READING . 33 in Washington D.C. Visiting Professor at the Pannasastra Uni- versity in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. SAVINA SIRIK PhD candidate in Peace and Development Research at the School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. She joined the Documentation Center of Cambo- dia (DC-Cam) in 2004 and since then she progressed from working as a Field Investigator to a Director of Museum of Memory (2013) and a Team Leader of the Transitional Justice Program (2016–2017). She is the author of the monograph Everyday Experience of Genocide Survivors in Landscapes of Violence in Cambodia (DC-Cam, 2016). -
Cambogia=Cambodia=Campucea= Kampuchea=Cambodge=Khmer
CAMBOGIA CAMBOGIA=CAMBODIA=CAMPUCEA= KAMPUCHEA=CAMBODGE=KHMER Roat Kampuchea Regno di Cambogia Phnum Penh=Phnom Penh 400.000 ab. Kmq. 181.035 (178.035)(181.000)(181.040) Compreso Kmq. 3.000 di acque interne Dispute con Tailandia per: - Territorio di Preah Vihear (occupato Cambogia) - Poi Pet Area (occupato Tailandia) - Buri=Prachin Buri Area (occupato Tailandia). Dispute con Vietnam per: - Cocincina Occidentale e altri territori (occupati Vietnam) - alcune isole (occupate Vietnam): - Dak Jerman=Dak Duyt - Dak Dang=Dak Huyt - La Drang Area - Baie=Koh Ta Kiev Island - Milieu=Koh Thmey Island - Eau=Koh Sep Island - Pic=Koh Tonsay Island - Northern Pirates=Koh Po Island Rivendica parte delle Scarborough Shoals (insieme a Cina, Taivan, Vietnam, Corea, Malaisia, Nuova Zelanda). Dispute con Tailandia per acque territoriali. Dispute con Vietnam per acque territoriali. Movimento indipendentista Hmon Chao Fa. Movimento indipendentista Khmer Krom. Ab. 7.650.000---11.700.000 Cambogiani=Cmeri=Khmer (90%) - Cmeri Candali=Khmer Kandal=Cmeri Centrali=Central Khmers (indigeni) - Cmeri Cromi=Khmer Krom (cmeri insediati nella Cambogia SE e nel Vietnam Meridionale) - Cmeri Surini=Khmer Surin (cmeri insediati nella Cambogia NO e nelle province tailandesi di Surin, Buriram, Sisaket - Cmeri Loeu=Cmeri Leu=Khmer Loeu (termine ombrello per designare tutte le tribù collinari della Cambogia)(ca. 100.000 in tutto): - Parlanti il Mon-Cmero=Mon-Khmer (94%) - Cacioco=Kachok - Crungo=Krung - Cui=Kuy - Fnongo=Phnong - Tampuano=Tampuan (nella provincia di Ratanakiri NE) -
Quadruple Murderous Imperialists 1900-1945
[email protected] The History of Cambodia from 1st Century to 20th Century [9] Quadruple murderous Imperialists 1900-1945 SLK 05/02/2009 The French government forced Prince Monivong to give Khmer Kandal to Yuon control like the French Government had done 10 years later in Khmer Krom by giving all power to Emperor Boa Dai’s control. Sieng Khoeum said: “Prince Monivong didn’t agree to sign flatly, even though the French intimidated him to be imprisoned. SLK v.2 [9] Quadruple murderous Imperialists 1900-1945 AFTER Khmer is a good sandwich on silver plate between Siamese and Yuonese from 1432 to 1900 to become a tiny present-Cambodia. When we Khmer victims think back of the glorious pasts, which it makes us all feeling so extremely Nostalgia for a tiny Present-Cambodia, has been brutally raped repeatedly by Khmers’ 6-Formidable-Canerous-old-Century Hereditary- Enemies-the fugitives of Mongols, Siamese in the West; and the prisoners of Mongols, Yuonese in the East. The biggest blot by the French during their ninety years’ control was their failure to educate the Cambodians. As the French ran all three Indochinese colonies from the Vietnamese cities of Hanoi and Saigon/Prey Nokor, they concentrated on educating the Vietnamese and training them to be officials for not only Vietnam but also Cambodia and Laos. And the French colonialism had also committed so much brutal crime against Khmers during their Reign of Terror from 1863 to 1954 by having inhumane conspiracies with Vietnamese to kill too many Khmer nationalists and compatriots. It greatly angered Cambodians to have Vietnamese officials running Cambodia’s administration; also the open border between Cambodia and Vietnam that many hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese settlers moved into Cambodia, particularly to the fertile area around the Tonle Sap Lake. -
Facts on File News Services
Issue Date: February 26, 1982 World Leaders: World Heads of State and Government Leaders (Afghanistan-Cuba) The following were the heads of state, government leaders and selected cabinet members for the countries listed (AFGHANISTAN-CUBA) as of Jan. 18, 1982. For subsequent government changes, consult the Index. Spellings are based on various schemes of transliteration and may occasionally vary from earlier or subsequent versions contained in news accounts. Source: adapted from information provided by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency National Foreign Assessment Center, except where noted. Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of--President: Karmal, Babrak; Premier:, Min. of Planning: Keshtmand, Soltan Ali; Min. of Finance: Wakil, Abdul; Min. of Foreign Affairs: Dost, Shah Mohammed; Min. of Interior: Gulabzoi, Sayed Mohammad; Min. of Justice & Attorney General: Safi, Abdol Wahab; Min. of National Defense: Rafi, Lt. Gen. Mohammad Albania, People's Socialist Republic of--Chairman, Presidium, People's Assembly (President): Lleshi, Haxhi; Chairman, Council of Ministers (Premier): Carcani, Adil; First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor: Hoxha, Enver; Min. of Foreign Affairs: Nase, Nesti; Min. of Internal Affair: Isai, Hekuran; Min. of People's Defense: Hasbiu, Maj. Gen. Kadri; Chairman, State Planning Commission: Dode, Petro Algeria, Democratic and Popular Republic of--President; Min. of National Defense: Bendjedid, Col. Chadli; Prime Minister: Benahmed Abdelgani, Mohammed; Min. of Finance: Benhamouda, Boualem; Min. of Foreign Affairs: Benyahia, Mohammed Seddik Angola, People's Republic of--President: Dos Santos, Jose Eduardo; Secy. General of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola: Lucio Lara; Min. of Defense: Tonha, Co. Pedro Maria; Min. of Finance: Martins, Ismael Gaspar; Min. -
Attacks & Threats
CAMBODIAN LEAGUE FOR THE PROMOTION AND DEFENSE OF HUMAN RIGHTS ATTACKS & THREATS AGAINST HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS IN CAMBODIA 2010 - 2012 A report issued in December 2012 Attacks & Threats Against Human Rights Defenders in Cambodia 2010 - 2012 A report issued in December 2012 LICADHO CAMBODIAN LEAGUE FOR THE PROMOTION AND DEFENSE OF HUMAN RIGHTS CAMBODIAN LEAGUE FOR THE PROMOTION AND DEFENSE OF HUMAN RIGHTS (LICADHO) LICADHO is a national Cambodian human rights organization. Since its establishment in 1992, LICADHO has been at the forefront of efforts to protect civil, political, economic and social rights in Cambodia and to promote respect for them by the Cambodian government and institutions. Building on its past achievements, LICADHO continues to be an advocate for the Cambodian people and a monitor of the government through wide ranging human rights programs from its main office in Phnom Penh and 12 provincial offices. MONITORING & PROTECTION PROMOTION & ADVOCACY Monitoring of State Violations and Women’s and Supporting unions and grassroots groups Children’s Rights: and networks: Monitors investigate human rights violations Assistance to unions, grassroots groups and affected perpetrated by the State and violations made against women and communities to provide protection and legal services, and to enhance children. Victims are provided assistance through interventions with their capacity to campaign and advocate for human rights. local authorities and court officials. Medical Assistance & Social Work: Training and Information: A medical team provides assistance to prisoners and prison officials in 14 Advocates raise awareness to specific target groups, support prisons, victims of human rights violations and families in resettlement protection networks at the grassroots level and advocate for social and sites. -
Pseudotransformational Leadership, Leadership Styles, and Emotional Intelligence
Pseudotransformational leadership, leadership styles, and emotional intelligence: a comparative case study of Lon Nol and Pol Pot By TITLE PAGE Hok Roth A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy and Administration in the Department of Political Science and Public Administration Mississippi State, Mississippi December 2016 Copyright by COPYRIGHT PAGE Hok Roth 2016 Pseudotransformational leadership, leadership styles, and emotional intelligence: a comparative case study of Lon Nol and Pol Pot By APPROVAL PAGE Hok Roth Approved: ____________________________________ Gerald A. Emison (Director of Dissertation) ___________________________________ Dragan Stanisevski (Committee Member) ___________________________________ Brian D. Shoup (Committee Member) ___________________________________ P. Edward French (Committee Member / Graduate Coordinator) ___________________________________ Rick Travis Interim Dean College of Arts & Sciences Name: Hok Roth ABSTRACT Date of Degree: December 9, 2016 Institution: Mississippi State University Major Field: Public Policy and Administration Major Professor: Gerald A. Emison Title of Study: Pseudotransformational leadership, leadership styles, and emotional intelligence: a comparative case study of Lon Nol and Pol Pot Pages in Study: 408 Candidate for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The purpose of this dissertation is to help explain how and why two revolutionary national leaders of Cambodia–Lon Nol and Pol Pot, particularly the latter–had spectacular failures and became pseudotransformational leaders. It aims to build a proposition or theory that revolutionary leaders in the public sector, particularly of undemocratic regimes, tend to become pseudotransformational leaders when a) they lack certain components of emotional intelligence (EI) and/or b) adopt certain leadership styles and use them inappropriately. -
CHRONOLOGIE:Mise En Page 1.Qxd
La chronologie est une science de la fixation des dates SAKOU :)eµ :)m’Ùy Samoth des événements historiques, celle du Cambodge dans ce SAKOU Samoth recueil comprend : Généralité, historique, brève histoire de l’Asie (cartes) Mémoires sur les coutumes du Cambodge de Tcheou Ta Koun La Thaïlande, le Viêt-nam Règnes du roi Norodom, Sisowath, Sisowath Monivong Régne du roi Norodom Sihanouk Son Ngoc Minh, Sisowath Yutévong, Ieuv Koeus, Norodom Suramarit Sangkum Reastr Niyum Chuon Nath, Dap Chuon, Sam Sary, Rat Vath, Preap In, Chau Bory, Sao Ngoy La marche vers la République khmère Lon Nol, Lon Non, Chéng Héng, Long Boreth, Son Ngoc Thanh,S. Sirik Matak La formation du Kampuchea démocratique, Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ta Mok 1973 2000 1997 Norodom Sihanouk, Héng Samrin, Chea Sim, Hun Sèn Accord de paix du Cambodge, Paris le 23 octobre 1991 Attentat à la grenade le 30 mars 1997 Plateau continental khmer 1971 Peuplement du Cambodge 2011 2009 Recensement de la population du Cambodge 1998 Recensement de la population du Cambodge 2008 RepèresRepères historiqueshistoriques Elections législatives 2008, scrutins nationaux de 1946 à 2008 Ramifications familiales de la déforestation (Global Witness) FaitsFaits .. ChiffresChiffres .. PhotosPhotos .. CartesCartes L’Affaire dite de Cochinchine (Chhean Vam) Chambres extraordinaires au sein des tribunaux cambodgiens CETC Kaing Kek Ieu alias Douch 375 bornes frontalières entre le Cambodge et le Vietnam CHRONOLOGIE DU CAMBODGE CHRONOLOGIE Sam Rainsy Magazine d’Angkor Vat Le temple de Preah Vihear et les agressions -
Hommes Et Histoire Du Cambodge Regroupe Des Articles Sélectionnés Des Histo- Riens, Des Chercheurs Du CNRS, Des Journalistes Et Des Médias
SAKOU SAKOU SAMOTH SAMOTH Les élites sont liées intimement à l’histoire qui est une science de la connais- HOMMES ET HISTOIREDUCAMBODGE ;ndpp&tNh;y&Y:)ı:YamK‰d) sance du passé en s’appuyant sur des documents. Hommes et Histoire du Cambodge regroupe des articles sélectionnés des histo- riens, des chercheurs du CNRS, des journalistes et des médias. HOMMES ET HISTOIRE DU CAMBODGE La biographie des souverains, des politiciens, des écrivains et des scientifiques cambodgiens, morts ou vivants dans ce livre, reflète une partie de l’Histoire du Cambodge : 120 élites khmères Ang Duong, Ang Chan I, Barom Reachea V, Barom Reachea VI Barom Reachea III, Biv Chhay Leang, Bun Chan Mol, Chan Nak Chan Youran, Chau Sèn KoSal, Chau Séng, Chau Xéng Ua, Chea Sim Chey Chettha II, Chey Chettha III, Chhean Vam, Chéng Héng Chhéng Phon, Chuon Nath, Chuth Khay, Chhuk Méng Mao, Dap Chuon Diego Veleso et Bias Ruiz, Douc Rasy, Pauline Dy Phon, Hell Sumpha Héng Samrin, Hou Youn, Hang Thun Hak, Hun Sèn, Ho Tong Lip Huy Kan Thoul, In Tam, Ieng Sary, Iêuv Koeus, Kân, Kang Kek Ieuv Keuk Boun Pong, Kem Sokha, Kéng Vann Sak, Khieu Samphân Khieu Thirith, Khing Hoc Dy, Khim Tit, Khin Sok, Kram Ngoy, Léng Ngeth Long Seam, Lon Nol, Lon Non, Long Boreth, Long Bunruot, Nhok Thèm Nong, Norodom, N. Yukanthor, N. Suramarit, N. Sihanouk, N. Sihamoni N. Chantaraingsei, N. Ranariddh, N. Kantol, Nhiek Tioulong Nhiek Bun Chhay, Nou Hach, Nou Kân, Nuon Khoeun, Prey Chea Ind Oum Chheang Sun, Pen Sovan, Penn Nouth, Phul Tes, Pho Proeung Phung Ton, Pol Pot, Ponhea Yat, Prah Barom Reachea Prah Mahinda Reachea, Ros Chantrabotr, Rim Kin, Sarin Chhak San Yun, Sakou Samoth, Sam Sary, Sam Rainsy, Sisowath S. -
Hun Sen's Consolidation of Personal Rule and the Closure of Political Space in Cambodia
Contemporary Southeast Asia 40, No. 2 (2018), pp. 173–95 DOI: 10.1355/cs40-2a © 2018 ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute ISSN 0129-797X print / ISSN 1793-284X electronic Hun Sen’s Consolidation of Personal Rule and the Closure of Political Space in Cambodia JONATHAN SUTTON The crackdown on the opposition Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP) that began in 2017 marks the abandonment of even the veneer of democracy in Cambodia. While previous work has identified China’s support for the ruling Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) and the electoral threat posed by the CNRP’s popularity as major factors explaining the turn towards a more assertive authoritarianism, this article highlights the importance of changes within the CPP to understand the speed and extent of political closure in the country. It re-examines Hun Sen’s more than three decades of rule to argue that, contrary to existing interpretations, he succeeded in fully consolidating personal control of the regime only after the death of CPP President Chea Sim in 2015 and the consequent collapse of the long-standing factional divide in the party. This final removal of internal constraints on Hun Sen’s personal rule implies that a compromise solution to the crackdown is unlikely, and that political change through institutional channels in Cambodia is now becoming an increasingly remote possibility. Keywords: Cambodia, Hun Sen, authoritarianism, personalism. JONATHAN SUTTON is a PhD candidate at the National Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Otago, New Zealand. Postal address: National Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, Aotearoa/New Zealand; email: [email protected]. -
Cambodian Education As a Structure and a Crisis
Wesleyan University The Honors College A Far Cry from the Aurea Mediocritas: Cambodian Education as a Structure and a Crisis by Theodore Jun Chul Bang Class of 2016 A thesis submitted to the faculty of Wesleyan University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Departmental Honors from the College of Social Studies Middletown, Connecticut April, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………………………………………..3 INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………….5 CHAPTER I: A Subjugated People’s History – Jih Joan ……………...18 i. Pre-Colonial Cambodia ..…………………………………………………….22 ii. The French Protectorate ……………………………………………………..26 iii. The Last King-Prince ………………………………………………………..31 iv. The Coup and Collapse ……………………………………………………...36 v. The Democratic Kampuchea and the Khmer Rouge ………………………..37 CHAPTER II: The Reconstruction of a Collapsed Nation …………….42 i. The People’s Republic of Kampuchea ………………………………………44 ii. The Fall of the PRK and the Rise of the SOC ………………………………51 iii. The United Nations Transitory Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) ………....55 CHAPTER III: Evaluating the MoEYS Structure, Policy, and Results 61 i. The Cambodian Education System Structure ……………………………….63 ii. The Budgetary Processes and Financial Planning ………………………….67 iii. Empirical Evidence …………………………………………………………75 iv. Implications of Evidence …………………………………………………...85 CHAPTER IV: From the Children of the Golden Land ……………….88 i. Interview Methodology and Limitations …………………………………....89 ii. Decentralized vs. Centralized: From the Fields and Cities ………………….92 -
Towards Inference-Oriented Reading Comprehension: Parallelqa
Towards Inference-Oriented Reading Comprehension: ParallelQA Soumya Wadhwa∗ Varsha Embar∗ Matthias Grabmair Eric Nyberg Carnegie Mellon University soumyaw, vembar, mgrabmai, en09 @andrew.cmu.edu { } Abstract help perform such reasoning. Although state-of- the-art deep learning models for machine reading In this paper, we investigate the tendency of are believed to have such reasoning capabilities, end-to-end neural Machine Reading Compre- the limited ability of these models to generalize hension (MRC) models to match shallow pat- terns rather than perform inference-oriented indicates certain shortcomings. We believe that it reasoning on RC benchmarks. We aim to test is important to develop benchmarks which give a the ability of these systems to answer ques- realistic sense of a system’s RC capabilities. Thus, tions which focus on referential inference. We our goal in this paper is two-fold: propose ParallelQA, a strategy to formulate Proof of Concept: We propose a method to create such questions using parallel passages. We an RC dataset that assesses a model’s ability to: also demonstrate that existing neural models move beyond lexical pattern matching be- fail to generalize well to this setting. • tween the question and passage, infer the correct answers to questions which 1 Introduction • contain referring expressions, and Reading Comprehension (RC) is the task of read- generalize to different language styles. • ing a body of text and answering questions about Analysis of Existing Models: We test three it. It requires a deep understanding of the infor- end-to-end neural MRC models, which perform mation presented in order to reason about entities, well on SQuAD (Rajpurkar et al., 2016), on a actions, events, and their interrelationships. -
The Case of Cambodia Summary Report About the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Qatar
GCC States’ Land Investments Abroad The Case of Cambodia Summary Report About the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Qatar The Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Qatar, opened in August 2005, is a branch campus of Georgetown University, the oldest Catholic and Jesuit university in America, founded in 1789. The program builds on Georgetown University’s long tradition of educating future leaders for careers in the international arena through a liberal arts undergraduate program focused on international affairs. For more information about the School of Foreign Service in Qatar, please visit http://qatar.sfs.georgetown.edu. About the Center for International and Regional Studies Established in 2005, the Center for International and Regional Studies at the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Qatar is a premier research institute devoted to the academic study of regional and international issues through dialogue and exchange of ideas, research and scholarship, and engagement with national and international scholars, opinion makers, practitioners, and activists. Guided by the principles of academic excellence, forward vision, and community engagement, the CIRS mission revolves around five principal goals: • To provide a forum for scholarship and research on international and regional affairs • To encourage in-depth examination and exchange of ideas • To foster thoughtful dialogue among students, scholars, and practitioners of international affairs • To facilitate the free flow of ideas and knowledge through publishing the products of its research, sponsoring conferences and seminars, and holding workshops designed to explore the complexities of the twenty-first century • To engage in outreach activities with a wide range of local, regional, and international partners About the Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development Founded in 1995, Qatar Foundation is a private, non-profit, chartered organization committed to the principle that a nation’s greatest resource is its people.