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Abernathyite, a New Uranium Mineral of the Metatorbernite Group*

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ABERNATHYITE, A NEW URANIUM MINERAL OF THE METATORBERNITE GROUP* NI. E. TuouesoN, Br-eNcno INGnalt, aNo E. B. Gnoss, Lr. S. GeologicalSurttey, Grand' Jwnction, Colo., and' Washington, D' C' and, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission,Grand Junction, Colo' Ansrnecr Abernathyite, a new uranium mineral from the Fuemrol No' 2 mine, Emery County' yellow, Utah, has the formula K(UO:)(AsOr)'4HzO. The mineral occurs as transparent, fluorescent, thick tabular crystals belonging to the tetragonal system, ditetragonal-di- pyramidal class (4lm 2/m 2/m). The space group is P4/nmm ; ao:7 .17+0'0I A; co:9'08 :1'57010'003, iO.Ot A; o:c--l:1.266;Z:2. Optically, the mineral is uniaxial negative, e o:1,597+0.003. The hardness is between 2 and3. The calculated specificgravity is 3.74. -, The chemical analysis shows,in per cent: KzO,9'5;UO:, 57.7;AszOe,2l'6;P2O5,1'5; HzO Abernathy, operator 4.6;HzOt ,9.9; total, 104.8.Abernathyite is named for the finder, Jess of the Fuemrol mine. INrnonucrroN AND Acr<Nowr-ToGMENTS mine, In the summer of 1953, JessAbernathy, operator of the Fuemrol Emery County, Utah, noticed some yeilow crystals in his ore. Realizing that they might be of mineralogic importance, he gave the several pieces of sandstonewhich were coated with crystals to E. B. Gross,mineralogist for the U. S. Atomic Energy Commissionin Grand Junction, Colo' Mr' Grosswas unable to find in the literature any mineral with corresponding optical properties, and, not having the facilities in Grand Junction for further work, he gave the specimensto A. D. Weeks and M' E' Thomp- son, mineralogists for the U. S. Geological Survey in Washington' D'C' The study of the mineral was continued in the U' S. Geological Survey, as a part of the Survey's program conducted on behalf of the Raw l,Iaterials Division of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission' The authors wish to expresstheir appreciation to F' S' Grimaldi, of the U. S. GeologicalSurvey, for his advice and assistancewith the problems arising in the courseof the chemical analysis. The authors are pleased to nurn.1hi, mineral for the person who found it, JessAbernathy; without his interest in and appreciation of the mineralogy of his ore, the mineral might have remained undiscovered. OccunnpNcn AND AssocrATEDMTNERALS The Fuemrol No. 2 mine is on a lower slope of Temple Mountain' on the southeast flank of the San Rafael swell, Emery County, Utah' about4T miles southwestof GreenRiver, Utah (Fig' 1)' Mining in the * Publication authorized by the Director, U. S' Geological Survey' 82 83 ABERNATHYITE, URANIAM MINERAL OF TEE METATORBERNITE a:( \rJ E (D 5rN "4 WAYNEI CO. A T Scole EXPLANATION O I lomiles - pqyEcl16qcl :. & Groded rood :Ditl tood l'5OOTOOO Frc. 1. Index map of locality of abernathyite' area is in vanadiferous and uraniferous asphaltic sandstones in the Shinarump conglomerate. Temple Mountain, a small elongate mountain, is capped by Wingate 84 M. E. THOTIPSON, BLANCE INGRAM, AND E. B. GROSS : \ F .eeE : 'oE! : - -F =€ t: t: t: +: tl I I ,: Frc. 2. Geology of the "collapse" area at Temple Mt., Emery County, Utah. sandstone. Beneath the Wingate sandstone, in descending order, are red standstonesof the Chinle formation, gray Shinarump conglomerate, and red shalesand sandstonesof the Moenkopi formation. A,,collapse', zone (Fig. 2) about 1,800 feet long and 400 feet wide extends below the Wingate sandstonenear the central part of the mountain. The area of disturbedrocks has beencalled the "flop over" or the "tongue.,, Within the disturbed area the sandstonehas bleached white or gray, 85 ABERNATHYITE,T]RANII]M MINERAL OF THE METATORBERNITE of Iacks bedding features, and is much fractured' fn the upper portions ex- the flop over, large massesof goethitic and hematitic sandstoneare posed. At the Fuemrol No. 2 mine near the lower end of the flop over, the in sandstoneis iight to clark gray and contains nodular massesranging grains diameter from 1 to 5 inches. The nodules are composed of sand gray clay aggregate. the Abernathyite occurs as a crystaliine coating lining a fracture in sandstone and is associated with yellow-brown earthy scorodite. No other minerals were found associatedwith the new mineral in the samples mine that were avaiiable for this study, but other specimensfrom the contain native arsenic' orpiment, and realgar (T' W' Stern, oral com- two other uranyl munication). Jarosite, pitlicite, metazeunerite, and arsenatesof uncertain composition have also been found' Pnvsrcer- AND OPTTcALPnopBnups The crystals of abernathyite are unusually clear and transparent for a mineral of the metatorbernite group' They are yellow, have vitreous (3660 Iuster, and fluorescemoderately a yellow-green color in both long pale A) and short (2537 A) wavelength ultraviolet light. The streakis yellow. The crystals are thin to thick tabular in habit and occur singly and in perfect groups. Prominent forms are {001} and {110}' They show a other Lurul .l.urruge, but the cleavageis not micaceousas is typical of minerals of the metatorbernite group. The hardnessis between 2 and,3. As the largest of the crystals is only tests about 0.5 mm. on an edge, it was necessaryto observe the scratch for hardnesswith a binocular microscope. An insufficient amount of the mineral was available for a direct meas- io- urement of the specific gravity, but the crystals sink in methylene dide of specific gravity 3.32. The specific gravity is calculatedas 3.74 for the pure K(UO2)(AsOD'4HrO compound. Abernathyite is uniaxial negative, a:I'597+0'003, yellow, and are e:1.570*0.003, pale yellow to colorless'A few of the crystals anomalously biaxial negative, with 2 V Iessthan 5 degrees' M. E. THOMpsoN, BLANCHE INGRAM, AND E. A. GROSS Cnnurcar- Axar,ysrs A qualitative spectographicanarysis by K. E. valentine, of the Geo- logical Survey, showed U, As, P, and K present in amounts more than 1 Becausequestions might be raised about the value of a chemical an- alysis for which such a small amount of material was available, some of the precautions taken in the analysis are stated here. These precautions ,.trial consisted mainly of duplicate analyses and of runs" on artificial mixtures. rt was possibleto make up artificial mixtures containing nearly the correct proportions of As, K, U, and p in advance of the Jemical analysis, becausethe spectrographic analysis, the r-ray powder pattern, Tesln 1. CHnurcar, Allerysrs or AennwarHymn Analyst: Blanche Ingram, U. S. Geological Survey Analysis recalcu- Analysis of lated '4HzO abernathyite to 100 K(UOz)(AsOr) per cent KzO 9.5r 9.1 9.0 UOs s7.72 55.1 55.0 AszOs 2r.6 20.6 22.2 PsOo 1.5 1.4 HrO+ (e.e) (e.4) HsO- (4.6) (4.4) Total HgO 14.53 13.8 13.8 104.8 100.0 100.0 I A value of 8.8 per cent KzO was obtained in the first analysis. The analysis was then repeated on a larger sample, taking advantage of the information obtained from the first determination. The value of 9.5 per cent KeOls considered more accurate. 2 Average of 57.6, 57.6, 57.9. 3 Average of 14.5, 14.4. ABERNATHYITE, URANIUM MINERAL OF TEE METATORBERNITE 87 Ttnrl 2. Mornculen R.trros ol ColpolleNrs ol Amruernvrrn Molecular Molecular Analysis weight ratios KrO 9.5 94 UOa s7.7 286 AszOs 2t.6 230 PzOs 1.5 r42 HeO* 9.9 18 HzO- 4.6 18 and the physical properties of the new mineral made it fairly certain that the mineral was a member of the metatorbernite group and that its formula was probably K(UO) [(As,P)O+]'nH2O. The uranium determination was repeated three times; total HzQ was determined twice. Potassium was determined gravimetrically twice, the first time on a sample of 5 mg. original weight after HzO-, HrO*, As2O5,and IlOa had been determined. A second analysis for potassium was made by F. S. Grimaldi, of the GeologicalSurvey, on a 10-mg.sample which was treated with HCI and HBr to remove the arsenic.The potas- sium was then precipitated directly. Theserepeat analysesgave consist- ent results. The results of the chemical analysis total 104.8 per cent. No ex- planation for this high total is offered. The analysis, when recalculated to 100 per cent, agrees very closely with the theoretical composition (Table 1). The molecular ratios obtained from the analysis are very close to ideal proportions (Table 2). The simplest formula to be obtained from these ratios is K(UO) (AsO4). 4H2O. A small amount of phosphorus substitutes for arsenic in the ratio of one part. P2O5to 14.4 parts As2O6by weight' X-Rav Der,l An *-ray difiraction powder pattern was taken by D. D. Riska, of the GeologicalSurvey, with a Debye-Scherrercamera (114.59-mm.diameter) using Ni-filtered Cu radiation. The pattern of abernathyite very closely resemblesthe patterns of several other members of the metatorbernite group-synthetic hydrogen-autunite, metatorbernite, and metazeuner- ite. The pattern was easily indexed by comparing it with a pattern of another member of the group whose cell dimensions were known (Table Jt. The cell dimensions of abernathyite and several other minerals and artificial compounds that are generally consideredto belong to the meta- 88 M. E. THOMPSON, BLANCHE INGRAM, AND E. B. GROSS Tasln 3. X-Rlv Dmrnacuor Powoen Dera. nnn UNn-Crr,r, CoNsreNrs ol AsrnNTaruvrrr Spacegroup: P4/nmm; ao:7 .1710.01A; co:9.08+0.01A; ao:co:l:l'266: Z:2 d(*t \ hkt 10,broad 9.r4 9.08 001 JOJ J. OJ 101 4 J.II 5.07 110 4 4.58 4.54 002 + 4.43 4.43 111 8, broad 3 .84 3.84 102 7 3.59 3.59 200 112 8 3.34 \r.s+ 201 I 3.16 3.02 {t.ot 003 t3.02 2tl 202 6, broad 2.79 iz.sr \2.7e 103 5, broad 2.61 12.63 t l.) 12.62 212 3 2.54 1<n 220 5 2.45 2.44 221 3 2.32 J2.3r 203 \z.sr 301 004 6 2.28 12.27 |2.27 310 (t tt t''" 222 6 2.21 12.21 213 12.2o Jll 2 2.r7 2.16 104 6 2.t2 2.12 302 6 2.O7 2.O7 114 2.03 312 ('t sat 3 r.948 321 i 1.e43 223 L 1.919 1.918 204 3 r.879 1.876 303 1 1.855 I .853 114 (t.azz 322 t.822 j r.aro 005 |.1.81s J IJ 1.797 1.793 400 |.760 104 1.780 r.759 401 1.712 lr.7r0 411 t1.710 115 ABERNATHYITE.
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  • AUTUNITE from MT. SPOKANE, WASHINGTON* G. W. Lno, U. S. Geologicalsurvey, Menlo Park, California

    AUTUNITE from MT. SPOKANE, WASHINGTON* G. W. Lno, U. S. Geologicalsurvey, Menlo Park, California

    THE AMERICAN MINERALOGIST, VOL. 45, JANUARY_FEBRUARY, 1960 AUTUNITE FROM MT. SPOKANE, WASHINGTON* G. W. Lno, U. S. GeologicalSurvey, Menlo Park, California ABSTRACT Near Mt. Spokane, Washington, coarsely crystalline autunite is developed in vugs, fractures, and shear zones in granitic rock. With the exception of dispersed submicroscopic uraninite particles, autunite is the only ore mineral in the deposits. A study of associated granitic rocks reveals that apatite, the most abundant accessory constituent, has been pref- erentially leached and corroded in mineralized zones, suggesting that it may have provided a source of lime and phosphate for the formation of autunite. Leaching may have been effected partly by meteoric water) but more probably was due to the action of ascending connate solutions that may also have carried uranium from unoxidized, as yet undiscovered deposits at depth. Autunite from the Daybreak mine has been studied optically, chemically, and by r-ray diffraction. The autunite is commonly zoned from light-yellow margins to dark-green or black cores, and autunite from the inner zone has a higher specific gravity and higher re- fractive indices than peripheral light material. X-ray powder difiraction patterns of dark and light meta-autunite formed from this autunite show no significant difierences in the d spacings; howevet, diffraction patterns of nine zoned samples each show uraninite to be present in the dark, and absent from the light, phase. UOz and UOs determinations range from 0.66-0.70 per cent and 57.9-58.0 pe( cent, respectively, for light autunite, whereas dark autunite shows a range (in seven determinations) of UOz from 1,2 to 4.0 per cent, and UOs from 55.1 to 58.8 per cent.
  • Cation Substitution in Uranyl Phosphates of the Autunite Group: Equilibrium Relations and Crystallization Between Metatorbernite and Metauranocircite

    Cation Substitution in Uranyl Phosphates of the Autunite Group: Equilibrium Relations and Crystallization Between Metatorbernite and Metauranocircite

    Versão online: http://www.lneg.pt/iedt/unidades/16/paginas/26/30/208 Comunicações Geológicas (2015) 102, Especial I, 27-30 ISSN: 0873-948X; e-ISSN: 1647-581X Cation substitution in uranyl phosphates of the autunite group: equilibrium relations and crystallization between metatorbernite and metauranocircite Substituição catiónica em fosfatos de uranilo do grupo da autunite: relações de equilíbrio e cristalização entre metatorbernite e metauranocircite M. Andrade1, J. Duarte1, I. Martins 1, J. Reis 1, J. Mirão3, M. A. Gonçalves1,2* Artigo original Original article © 2015 LNEG – Laboratório Nacional de Geologia e Energia IP Abstract: Uranyl phosphate minerals play an important role in the 1. Introduction uranium immobilization within weathering and supergene enrichment profiles. This work consists on the morphological, structural and Uranyl phosphate minerals are major constituents in weathered U chemical characterization of natural and synthetic minerals of Cu and Ba deposits and can display a multi-stage evolving history in the – metatorbernite and metauranocircite, respectively. SEM imaging has environment they crystalize. Their importance is two-fold: as revealed an extended range of morphologies, from tabular to rosette-like main U-bearing phases in weathering profiles with potential crystals, with the presence of epitaxial growths. These studies have also economic value (as in Nisa and Tarabau, where natural uranyl revealed natural heterogeneities affected by cationic substitution along phosphates of Cu and Ba were identified; Pinto et al., 2012; preferred crystallographic directions. The experimental results suggest Prazeres, 2011) and as fixing phases of U limiting its long-term, that the precipitation of metatorbernite is easier than metauranocircite. Simulations of the chemical system show that precipitation depends on million-year scale, dispersion in the oxidized surface supersaturation evolution, which in turn in a function of aqueous complex environment.
  • Spodumene and Autunite from Alstead, New Hampshire G

    Spodumene and Autunite from Alstead, New Hampshire G

    578 TEE AM ERICAN M I N ERALOGIST SPODUMENE AND AUTUNITE FROM ALSTEAD, NEW HAMPSHIRE G. R. MBcarHLrN, Cornel'|,Uniaersity. During an investigation in August and September, 7927, oI the pegmatites of the Gilsum area, Cheshire County, New Hamp- shire, two minerals, spodumene and autunite, were found which are not known to have been reported before from this district. It seemsworthwhile, therefore, to put this occurrence on record. The pegmatites of this region are intruded into a mica schist with which they have rather sharp contacts, although there is some lit-par-lit injection on a small scale as well as tourmalini- zation of the wall rock. The essentialminerals, aside from qtartz, are feldspar and muscovite, both of which are extensively quarried in the area. The accessory minerals include biotite, black tour- maline, beryl, garnet, apatite, spodumene,autunite, and zircon. The spodumene and autunite came from the quarry of the New Hampshire Mica and Mining Company in the town of Alstead, about one and four-fifths miles north northwest of Gilsum village. The spodumene crystals occur on an inaccessiblewall near the top of the west face of the quarry. They were much concealedby material washed down from the surface, but the crystals exposed appeared to be of the order of several feet in length. From blocks which had fallen from the wall a few crystals were obtained, the largest of which was six inches long, four inches wide, and one and one-half inches thick, but it did not represent the entire crystal. The spodumene occurs associated with tourmaline, garnet, apatite, feldspar, qtartz, and sericite.