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Stratigraphy of Silurian and Pre-Olentangy Devonian Rocks of the South Birmingham Pool Area, Erie and Lorain Counties, Ohio

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Stratigraphy of Silurian and Pre-Olentangy Devonian Rocks of the South Birmingham Pool Area, Erie and Lorain Counties, Ohio - ------------ ----------- --~--------- STATE OF OHIO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Horace R. Collins. Chief Report of Investigations No. 70 STRATIGRAPHY OF SILURIAN AND PRE-OLENTANGY DEVONIAN ROCKS OF THE SOUTH BIRMINGHAM POOL AREA, ERIE AND LORAIN COUNTIES, OHIO by A. Janssens J Columbus 1968 STATE OF OHIO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Horace R. Col Ii ns, Chief Report of Investigations No. 70 STRATIGRAPHY OF SILURIAN AND PRE-OLENTANGY DEVONIAN ROCKS OF THE SOUTH BIRMINGHAM POOL AREA, ERIE AND LORAIN COUNTIES, OHIO by A. Janssens Columbus 1968 Printed and Bound By Columbu.,; Blank Book Co. Columhu~. Ohio 1 ~Hi:-;: CONTENTS Page Introduction . .. 1 Silurian System ......................................................................... Brassfield Formation ............................................................... Cabot Head Shale..................................................................... 2 Unnamed dolomite.................................................................... 2 Dayton Formation..................................................................... 5 Rochester Shale....................................................................... 5 Lockport Group........................................................................ 5 General statement.................................................................. 5 Gasport Formation.................................................................. 6 Goat Island Formation............................................................. 6 Guelph Formation................................................................... 6 Salina Group........................................................................... 8 Raisin River Dolomite............................................................... 8 Devonian System:....................................................................... 8 Bois Blanc Formation............................................................... 8 Detroit River Group and Columbus Limestone................................. 9 Delaware Limestone................................................................. 12 Structure . 12 References cited........................................................................ 12 Appendix - Sample descriptions..................................................... 14 ILLUSTRATIONS Figures 1. Location map........................................................................ 2 2. Representative gamma ray-neutron log........................................ 2 3. Gamma ray-neutron log showing shale below the Dayton Formation 5 4. Gamma ray-neutron log cross section of the Lockport Group showing biohermal facies......... .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 5. Thickness of the biohermal facies of the Guelph Formation............ 7 6. Structure on top of the Delaware Limestone................................. 9 7. Structure on top of the Rochester Shale...................................... 10 8. Structure on top of the Trenton Limestone................................... 11 TABLES 1. Summary of Silurian and Middle Devonian stratigraphy of the South Birmingham Pool area..................................................... 3 2. Well data............................................................................. 4 111 Blank Page STRATIGRAPHY OF SILURIAN AND PRE-OLENTANGY DEVONIAN ROCKS OF THE SOUTH BIRMINGHAM POOL AREA, ERIE AND LORAIN COUNTIES, OHIO by A. Janssens I:\TRODUCTION rocks are heavily stained with oil, rs the biohermal facies of the Guelph Formation. Discovery of oil in 1966 in sandstone of the Trem- The wells used in this report are listed in table 2. pealeau Formation (Cambrian) near Birmingham in Flor- Sample descriptions are listed in the appendix. ence Township, Erie County, resulted in about 20 wells being drilled to this sandstone in the Birmingham area and in adjacent Henrietta Township, Lorain County. SILURIAN SYSTEM The discovery well was the Sun Oil Co. #l Krysik- Brassfield Formation Wakefield et al. unit. The productive area has been designated the South Birmingham Pool (fig. 1). The name Brassfield limestone was used by Foerste The purpose of this report is to describe and dis- (1906, p. 27) for exposures near Brassfield in Madison cuss the stratigraphy of the Silurian and Devonian County, Kentucky. The unit in that locality is approxi- carbonate rocks (table 1) in the South Birmingham mately 21 feet thick, is overlain by the Plum Creek Pool area as a part of a continuing statewide study Clay [Cabot Head Shale], and is unconformably under- of this stratigraphic interval. These rocks have been lain by Ordovician rocks. Rexroad and others (1965, p. the subject of rather intensive investigation on the 8) changed the name to Brassfield Formation because outcrop but virtually nothing has been published on of the considerable amount of shale and dolomite in the their nature in the subsurface. unit. The present investigation shows that rocks former- The Brassfield Formation can be traced from the ly placed in the undifferentiated Lockport Group (Silu- type section to the report area, where it consists of rian) in the report area can be subdivided and corre- both fine- to coarse-grained limestone and crystalline lated with the Middle Silurian section of southwestern dolomite and minor amounts of shale and sandstone. Ontario. In the report area one of these subdivisions, The limestone and dolomite vary in color from light- to the Guelph Formation, has a biohermal facies which medium- to brownish-gray, and are glauconitic, cherry, reaches a thickness of more than 90 feet. In the dis- fossiliferous, and in part bioclastic. Hematite and thin cussion of Devonian rocks the interpretation is offered lenses of grayish-green shale and slightly calcareous that the Detroit River Group, rather than having been or dolomitic fine-grained brownish-gray sandstone are truncated by the overlying Columbus Limestone (Dow, found in the upper half of the formation. Silty and argil- 1962), has a facies which is indistinguishable from laceous limestone or dolomite occurs in the basal por- the Columbus Limestone. tion of the formation. The thickness of the Brassfield Three potentially productive gas or oil zones occur ranges from 23 to 44 feet and averages about 30 feet. in structural highs within the described section. The The lower boundary of the Brassfield is its con- highest gas zone occurs within the Columbus Lime- tact with Upper Ordovician rocks. The contact, gener- stone (in the part of the formation erroneously referred ally considered a regional unconformity, is distinct to by some drillers as the Oriskany Sandstone). The on the gamma ray-neutron log (fig. 2) and is marked second gas zone is the Newburg zone, which lies im- in the samples by the change from red shale (Queen- mediately below the lowest anhydrite in the section. ston) to carbonate (Brassfie Id). The Br ass field is tran- The third zone, which contains gas and in which the sitional with the overlying Cabot Head Shale (fig. 2) 1 2 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SOUTH BIRMINGHAM POOL 0600 SOUTH Olenlonqy Shale ~BIRMINGHAM Delaware Limestone POOL 0700 Columbus Limestone ---------?-------- - 0800 Detroit River Group Bois Blanc Formot1on 0900 FIGURE 1. -Location map. and the contact is placed where shale (Cabot Head) dominates over carbonate (Brassfield). 1000 Cabot Head Shale The name Cabots Head was used by Grabau (1913, 1100 p. 460) for red and green shale with an exposed thick- ness of 150 feet overlying the Keppel (Manitoulin) Dolomite near Cabots Head, Ontario. The formation, now known as Cabot Head, can be traced from south- 1200 Q_ western Ontario to the South Birmingham Pool area, :::i 0 where it consists of grayish-green and minor amounts a: (.'.) c of reddish-brown shale and a considerable amount of <! 1300 z interbedded coarse-grained dolomite. The dolomite is _J <! hematitic in part. Thin lenses of dense fine-grained (f) gray and brownish-gray sandstone occur in the lower B part of the formation and constitute the western feather- 1400 I edge of the ''Clinton'' sandstones in northern Ohio. I Preliminary results of a regional study of the "Clin- ton" sandstones of Ohio by the writer show that these sandstones occur in a stratigraphic interval equivalent 1500 to the Brassfield-Cabot Head interval and that there A is a facies relationship between the "Clinton" sand- stones of eastern Ohio and the Brassfield Formation and Cabot Head Shale of central Ohio. The thickness 1600 Q_ of the Cabot Head in the report area ranges from 83 to :::i 0 115 feet and averages 110 feet. a: Guelph Formot1on (.'.) The Cabot Head is overlain by a coarsely crystal- r- a: 1700 0 line dolomite. The contact, distinct on the gamma ray- Q_ >< neutron log (fig. 2), can be identified in the samples u Goat Island Formation 0 by the change from shale and dolomite to dolomite. _J j_ Gosport Formot1on Unnamed dolomite 1800 A distinctive somewhat sandy medium to coarsely crystalline medium- to dark-gray dolomite overlies the 1900 Cabot Head in the South Birmingham Pool area. The unit is 10 to 15 feet thick and is lithologically similar to and occupies the same stratigraphic position as an unnamed limestone (Oldham Limestone?; Foerste, 1906, 2000 p. 47) to the south in Adams County, Ohio (unit 3 in section 9 of Rexroad and others, 1965, p. 23). However, FIGURE 2.-Representative gamma ray-neutron log (Sun with current well control, this dolomite cannot be traced Oil Co. #1 Krysik-Wakefield et al. unit). SILURIAN STRATIGRAPHY 3 TABLE
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