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Anglo-Saxon Kingship and Masculinity in the Long Tenth Century

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Anglo-Saxon Kingship and Masculinity in the Long Tenth Century ‘In a Father’s Place’: Anglo-Saxon Kingship and Masculinity in the Long Tenth Century A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2018 Ryan T. Goodman School of Arts, Languages and Cultures Table of Contents List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................... p. 3 Abstract ............................................................................................................................ p. 5 Declaration and Copyright Statement ..................................................................... p. 6 Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... p. 7 Dedication ........................................................................................................................ p. 8 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... p. 9 Kingship, Masculinity, and Anglo-Saxon England Why Masculinity? ............................................................................................................. p. 13 England in the Long Tenth Century ................................................................................ p. 16 Kingship and Gender in Anglo-Saxon Historiography .................................................... p. 19 Sources and Methodology ................................................................................................ p. 34 CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................... p. 41 Raising Sons, Raising Princes Childhood and Princehood in Anglo-Saxon England ........................................................ p. 42 Who Raises Royal Sons? .................................................................................................... p. 48 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... p. 63 CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................... p. 64 Wisdom, Justice, and Correction: Defining Anglo-Saxon ‘Right Kingship’ The Sources of Anglo-Saxon Right Kingship .................................................................. p. 68 Theorising Right Kingship in the Long Tenth Century .................................................. p. 84 Right Kingship in Practice in the Reign of Æthelred ....................................................... p. 96 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... p. 100 CHAPTER 3 ............................................................................. p. 103 ‘Songs of the Pagans?’ Aristocratic Masculinity in Old English ‘Heroic’ Poetry The ‘Pagan’ Background of ‘Heroic’ Poetry? ................................................................. p. 109 ‘Heroic’ Poetry and Christian Instruction ...................................................................... p. 121 Christian Aristocratic Masculinity in ‘Heroic’ Poetry .................................................... p. 127 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... p. 147 CHAPTER 4 ............................................................................. p. 150 Performing Masculinity and Performing Kingship Anglo-Saxon Wills and Royal Masculine Performance ................................................. p. 152 Warfare, Kingship, and Masculinity ............................................................................... p. 159 Hunting and Aristocratic Masculinity ............................................................................ p. 167 Sex, Celibacy, and Royal Masculinity ............................................................................ p. 174 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... p. 188 CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................... p. 190 Masculinity and Kingship at the End of Anglo-Saxon England Kingship and Masculinity: The Case of Edward the Confessor ..................................... p. 191 The Intersection of Masculinity and Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England ....................... p. 195 APPENDIX: PSEUDO-CYPRIAN’S REX INIQUUS ......................................................... p. 202 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................. p. 205 Word Count: 89,695 2 List of Abbreviations Primary Sources ASC .............................................................. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Cited by MS and anno from The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition. ASW .............................................................. Dorothy Whitelock, ed. and trans., Anglo-Saxon Wills (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1930). Cited by number. Bethurum ..................................................... Dorothy Bethurum, ed., The Homilies of Wulfstan (Oxford: Clarendon, 1957). Cited by homily and line number. BL ................................................................. London, British Library MS CCCC .......................................................... Cambridge, Corpus Christi College MS CH I, CH II ................................................... Ælfric’s Catholic Homilies, First or Second Series, ed. by Peter Clemoes and Malcolm Godden, EETS S.S. 16, 5 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979). Cited by series and homily number. CSEL ............................................................ Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum De XII ............................................................ Pseudo-Cyprian, De XII abusiuis (‘The Twelve Abuses’); Aidan Breen, ‘Towards a Critical Edition of De XII Abusivis: Introductory Essays with a Provisional Edition of the Text’ (PhD diss., Trinity College Dublin, 1988) DRC .............................................................. Sedulius Scottus, De Rectoribus Christianis (On Christian Rulers), ed. and trans. by R. W. Dyson (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2010) EER .............................................................. Encomium Emmae Reginae (‘Encomium of Queen Emma’), ed. and trans. by Alistair Campbell, Camden Third Series LXXII (London: Royal Historical Society, 1949) EHD I ........................................................... Dorothy Whitelock, ed. and trans., English Historical Documents, Vol. 1: c. 500–1042 (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1955). Cited by document number. GRA ................................................................. William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum: The History of the English Kings, 2 vol., ed. and trans. by R. A. B. Mynors, R. M. Thompson, and M. Winterbottom (Oxford: Clarendon, 1998) HE ................................................................ Bede, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, ed. by Michael Lapidge, Storia degli Inglesi (Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum), trans. by Paolo Chiesa, 2 vol. (Milan: Fondazione Valla-Arnoldo Mondadori, 2009) Hib ................................................................ Collectio Canonum Hibernensis, ed. by Herrmann Wasserschleben, Die Irische Kanonensammlung, 2. Auflage (Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, 1885) Liebermann, Die Gesetze ................................ Felix Liebermann, ed. and trans., Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen, Vol. 1 (Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1903) LS .................................................................. Ælfric, Lives of Saints, ed. by Walter W. Skeat, 2 vol. (London: EETS, 1881–1900). Cited by Skeat chapter, and line number. MGH ............................................................ Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Available online at <http://www.dmgh.de>. Cited by series and volume. S .................................................................... Peter H. Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters: An Annotated List and Bibliography, updated and available online at <http://www.esawyer.org.uk>. Cited by charter number. VÆdR ............................................................ Vita Ædwardi Regis – The Life of King Edward who rests at Westminster, ed. and trans. by Frank Barlow (London: Thomas Nelson, 1962) 3 VÆlf .............................................................. Asser, Vita Ælfredi regis (Life of King Alfred), ed. by William Henry Stevenson, Asser’s Life of King Alfred together with the Annals of St Neots (Oxford: Clarendon: 1904) Wulfstan, I Pol or II Pol ................................. Wulfstan, Institutes of Polity, following Karl Jost, ed., Die «Institutes of Polity, Civil and Ecclesiastical»: Ein Werk Erzbischof Wulfstans von York, Schweizer Anglistische Arbeiten 47 (Bern: Franke, 1972) Secondary Sources AHR ................................................................. American Historical Review (journal) ANS ................................................................ Anglo-Norman Studies: Proceedings of the Battle Conference (journal) ASE ................................................................ Anglo-Saxon England (journal) CCOEL ........................................................... The Cambridge Companion to Old English Literature, ed. by Malcolm Godden and Michael Lapidge, 2nd edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013) CHEMEL .......................................................
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