EPISCOPAL CHURCHPEOPLS 10r a FREE SOUTHERN AFRIC~ E 339 Lafayett. Strut. New YOM<, N.Y. 10012·2725 C (2' 2) 477-ooee FAX: (212) 979-1 01 3 S

A #140 25 August 1993

¥ THE INDEPENDENT"' MONDAY 23 AUGUST 1993 ". Buthelezi'threatens to boycott SA's first democratic election Inkatha leader's demand comes as 10 more are murdered

MANGOSUTHU Buthelezi, warning rently engaged in talks. He wants the of civil war "or worse", said on Satur­ JOHN CARLIN forum, besides, to set in stone a fed­ day that he would boycon South Afri­ in Johannesburg eral constitution granting a new ca's first democratic elections sched­ "Kwa-Natal" province a degree of au­ uled for 27 April next year. large: "What to do about Inkatha?" tonomy tantamount to secession. He For ten ofthose trapped in the civil Since Inkatha walked out of the went a step further on Thursday when war already afflicting the black popu­ talks two months ago this has also he declared that what he really sought lation southSouth Africa. The US ambas- dependent Afrikaner state. a factory, killing ten - nine of them - sador, for example, is said to have Such was the dismay this proposal women - and wounding 21. been particularly forthright in recent caused that one of Chief Buthelezi's The manner of the killing was all encounters with Chief Buthelezi. most devoted friends in the govern­ too familiar, as were the conditions Which is what prompted the chief, a ment, the National party's Natal lead­ Chief Buthelezi imposed for his re­ welcome guest at the White House in er, George Bartlett, broke all prece­ t\Ifn to the multi-party talks debating the Eighties, to do the previously un­ dent and openly criticised him the • political settlement. The Inkatha thinkable and attack the US during a next day. This leads to the great ques­ Freedom Party leader said he would speech in Durban two weeks ago. tion: why doesn't the government only panicipate if the government, "The proposals at the World Trade simply ignore the chief and proceed the African Nationai Congress and Centre that the US wants me to accept towards elections without him? the other 17 political organisations are proposals that will thrust this One reason is that the likes of Mr which agree on 27 April -and which country into civil war," be said. "I get Bartlett in the cabinet have thus far represent 80 per cent of the South Af­ the impression that the US is actually remained obstinately attached to the rican population - bowed to his will backing a Mandela victory because idea offighting an election against the and changed the rules for the election. the US wants a settlement tomorrow, ANC in alliance with Inkatha. For "There is no way that ... as presi­ and it is a case ofwanting a settlement .President FW de Klerk, who views dent ofinkatha I am prepared to fight at any price." Chief Buthelezi with almost as much elections over who is going to write As most Western diplomats will distaste as Mr Mandela, to sever ties the constitution," Chief Buthelezi readily afflrm, the chief is holding de­ with Inkatha would be to risk the laid. "I am just not prepared to do mocracy in South Africa to ransom. It break-Up of his party. that because it is a disaster for our is common cause, as an analysis of the A more compelling reason, shared country." Government and ANC offi­ negotiations in yesterday's Johannes­ by the ANC and the government, is cials say privately, for they dare not burg Srar concluded, that whereas the that if Chief Buthelezi does bovcott antagonise the sensitive lulu chief in government and the ANC have each elections - or rejects the result": the public, that "disaster" in hi s lexicon made huge concessions to secure a possibility exists that Inkatha will means an election result that dimin­ peaceful political settlement, lnkatha join forces with the far right and make ishes his power. has made none. good on his promise of civil war. Mr At Johannesburg's World Trade What does Chief Buthelezi want? de Klerk's and Mr Mandela's uncer­ Centre, where multi-party talks hav: He says he wants the constitution to tainty as to where the police and army been going on all year to pave the way be written and ratified not by an would stand in such an eventuality to democracy, one question looms elected body, but by the forum cur- only reinforces the chiefs hand. The far-right counts down to war With scant chance of winrl1ng a volkstaat through THE WEEKI..Y MAlL & GUARDIAN negotiations. the right has ~ 13" 191993 started the countdown to war. reports Jan Taljaarel

HE rtghtwtng Is actively gearing for ed In the mounlaInous Waterberg area and while poUcemen would support "the YOlk' In "Plan C" - secesston by armed strug· areas adjoining the northern border DC Swazi­ lIUc:h a war. Its reals\rength In regard to mall· gle - as a means of wtnning an land. JIOWer would be the SADF commando struc- tures. . Afrikaner homeland. Added to this, a message was gent oot to the TThInk tanks assoctated with the Afrikaner AWB falthfu1last weekend thai they had Urnit· ~ a surpr1slng1y rea1Isue assessment. Volksfront have concluded that the chances of ed time In which to prepare for war. Dexter also notes thai the AWB could provide a volkstaat beingachieved bynegotiated settle· At a "closed" meeting held on the Schweizer· ..~ 4 000and 10000men and women (as ment are no more than three to flve percent. as Reneke showgrounds after the AWB Wenkom­ opposed to claims by AWB leader Eugene against a 30 to 40 percent possibility of war mando was granted the freedom ofthe town. a Terre'Blanche that the Wenkommando num· breaking out and a volkstaat unilaterally senior memberoftheAWB's "general st.a1l" told bers more than 50 000 active members). declaring Independence. . members that they have sIX to nine months Dexter slales thai the llrst 12 10 24 hours of The lalest Issue ofDexter. widely regarded as before war broke out. a secessionist uprIsing are of critical Impor· the most Important AVF mouthpiece, takes a It was not the usual rhetorIc reserved for lance. "During this tlrne as many as possible comprehenstve look at the strengths and Joyal. pubUc meetings. bUI a toned-down and mea· SADF and police units, Insla1lauons and bases ties of the armed forces. The pubUcatlon also sured assessment of things to come. must be consoUdated under the command of addresses the practlcallmpUcatlons ofmiUtary Apparently assumIng that the media ana the volkstaat. conlUct. non-AWB members had left the showgrounds, "Furthermore the new volkstaal government With scant possibility ofeslabUshlng a volk­ Wenkommando members.were ordered to will have tOJIaUonaUs>e all means of C0tnrmml-­ staat by way -of parUamentary procedures or assemble In a shed. There theywere told thai In caUon. bankS. mines and strategic industries." negotiations. "more and more people are a discussion betwren CP leader FerdJ Hartzen­ The publication foresees myrtad factors bear­ preparing themselves for the onlyother option, berg and AWB generalS, Hartzenberg had said Ing on the oulcome of armed struggle, includ· Plan C. the option of reslslance and violence", that rlghtwlngers would have two choices In a Ing economic disintegration. the possibility of Dexter says. corning electlon. , Internallonallnlerventlon arid even moral The Weekly Mall &. Guardian Is In possession The first was for rtghtwtngers to vole and, decay amid "death. destruction and illness". of Independenl Information that SADF com­ having voted, abide by the results. "Once you Itenvisages thai If the acl ofsecession Is well mandostruct:lfes In the Northern and Eastern have voted you will have no rtght to resist a planned and continuously supported by Transvaal are being subverted for use In a p0s­ future government: he said. The second was Afrikaners, Ihe war could be over In six sible conllict. not to vote and to start preparing for war. ThIs months. Recently members of the AVF"s directorate option was greeled bycheering approval. "Ills howeverdestrable: Dexter cautions, "10 have also privately slated that 100 000 men In Dexter, var10us methods ofwarfare are dis­ avoid war completely ... But Iflt seems to be the could be mobl1lsed at short nol1ce using exlsl­ cussed. Addressing the possibility of guerrilla only way out. the yolk must have no illusions Ing commando structures. . warfare. the pubUcaUon says that this method about what It will entall: Reliable rlghtwtng sources say that all but may be elfecUve. but can go on for years. In three of the SADF commandos In the volkstaat addition. It would not necessartly lead to a volk­ area will side with the rtght Ifconllict breaks staal and defealed guerrilla fighters Would not be,trealed as prisoners ofwar. oot.CertaIn areas have also been earmarked as I Guerrilla warfare had. therefore, to be seen potentla1 "Uberated wnes" In the case ofa pro­ as a last option, and was not to be embarked tracted guerrilla war. These are rnaInIy sltuat- I on before "Ihe way of secession and conven- . tiona! warfare Is attempted". According to Dexter, 5000 permanent force members and belween 10000 and 25 000 OVERNMENT departments are engaged In the wholesale destruction of cJassl1lcd documents - especially Gthose relatlng to the National SecurI­ The State Securtty Council has instructed government ae~ents ty Management System - on the instructions ~estroy classl.fi~ docume~~. reports Gay. Davis of the State SecurIty Coundl. ThIs week an archives olllcer In the Depart­ ment ofTrade and Industry, asked by the Mall he IIlOYe Is cause for e:xtreme concern. a1l It ArchJves, soon after the ~-;'bannlng of the and Guardian about the order. sald: '"We ha"" InvoiYes the general destructl<;n by cM1 ser- has n~ been In T Afrtcan NaUonal Congress. Pollee tnsts! infor­ ThIs 1egal optnJon tested !lnJshed destroytng. E,'erythmg has already - vants of documents chronicllng the operaUcin tourL Nor has that obtained by N1S In 199 L. In been Is ~." mation In the files - on detainees Who died In burnL There nothing left A cer­ of the securtly establishment WIthout the ofthe furore whlch OYer custody. Informants and sensttive In~uga­ the wake erupted NlS's l1lIcate conJlrmlngthis would be sent to Nation­ Involvement of the Stale Archtves Service. destruction of a recording of the conversation Uons - became -totally Irrelevant' after the aIlnte1JJgence Servlce (NlS), she said. which ts equtpped to su~y and appraise between PW Botha and Nelson Mandela. Asked whether documents re1aung to the unbannlng oforganisations In 1990. malertaJ and make tnilrmed ct.dsIoDs as \0 Its The optnJon gtven then bystate legal gerVIces The NIS official saJd the InstrucUon to National Security Management System ­ value. Among the gav<=ment arms who have destroy cIass1fled materla1 was sent In response was that NlS was exempt from the Act. ThIs tostrument of the "tota1 onslaught' of the PW received the lnstrucUon Is the &.DF. to requests from gov=tment departments for means NlS has complete autonomy OYer what Botha admtntsuatlon - had also all been A SOIll'C" In the cM1 servtce thiswedt told the It does with Its records. permission to get rtd of ·stacks of documents destroyed. the oflldal sald she had dealt only Mall and Guardian he had sem the order ­ WIth cJassl1Icd Information and named another Iytng arOWld' for which theyno longer had any . Itself a classtfied document - and that It use. It was the first Urne ent d _ A s It Is. a provision ofthe ArchIves Act gives official, a Mr Wolmarans. as responsible for Instructed government departmenta to go ments had made such a ~ said.epart ~e SADF control o""r Its own archJ""5. destroytng !leCUrtty-system related materta\. through classt1led lnforlI1dUon and destroy In ~ Wolmarans refused to commenL terms of the ArchIves 'no records of Attess Is granted only WIth permission of the ~that did not ha"" ImmedIale value offices faJllng under Its Jur1sdl U mJnJster of natlona1 education In consultaUon A top-ranldng NlS oflldal cIa!med the purge for admJnJstra~ purpo8eS. . __ c on may be wtth the mtnlster of defence. In practlce. Involved only copies of documents and said He said this meant all ron.fkkliUal, secret destroyed WIthout prtor authorlsaUon of the archives management Is enUrely In the hands ~entdepartments had asked permis­ and top-secret tnformatJon (the three cate­ director of State Archl""5 - but In practice of the mI1Jtary. Taken with the legal optnJon sion to destroy them as they no longer had any gortes COlDJlF1"lDg cIassllIed Informationl had to destruction does take place. accordtng to Gra. that the N1S Is exrmpted from the Act's provt_ purpose and wa'e tak1ng up too much space. be w=Ied out and destroym. ham Domtny, who Is collating a history of the slons. this means records relating to the secu­ Denytng there was a 'coYt:I'-up' or anythlng The order also asked that specIa1 attention be anU-apartheld struggle for the Natal Museum. rtty estabUslunentlle enUrely WIthin the hands m~. stnJster In the he claJmed the ortgtna\ pald to materla1 reIat1ng to the natlona\ securt­ Asked whether this authortsatlon had been ofthe securtty establlshment Itself. documents were all In the possession of the ty management system - the Instrument of obtained. the NlS official salState SecurIty CouncIl. Is admJnJstered by tlonsdurtng !be re-opeurrl ~ Inquest that the amilt of the AcL or a R250 fine. the NlS. Its poIIUcaI head Is the stale presldenl lrns ofthousands oftop-secrt:t poIlce Illes were . "The Archives Act has no beartng on any FWde K1erk. destroyed. without the autbcrlsatloo of Stale : cJasstlIed documents." he sald. ·Dlrector-gen- In terms ofthe Archlves Act. norecord can be : erals (of government departments) have destroyed wtthout the authortsatlon of the authortty (to destroy matertal) wlthout going Director of State Archlves. But the NIS has through archives.' obtained legal opinion - untested In court ­ dec1artng classified information exempt from theAct. Time for Afrikaaner 'martyrs' may have come ." '. .... ", .

future. wllh much speeulaUon lTl1lnt that the recruItment "clearly" showed that 1here South Africa's military is arming whites and the about lhe ANC·. plans for ..reis· drive for the commandos was was "contact al the top between Pretoria destroys right talks of..war. But David Beresford tributing land. purely for self-defence and to Constand and th<> currenl gen· Many. If not most of the 1<8. control Ihe developmenl of vigi· erals." he said. The commandos papers in 'dirty doubts that the country is seriously threatened roo farmers t'luld bc described lante groups. would make up "Ihe Boer as liberal. but their anxiety not The timing of General Vii· army". The Oashpoinl would be tricks cover-up' til he quolL,1 by name is itself an j()('n'~ call wa~ coincidence. ~m: at the lalest when th(' ~ov· RIVING up fnJOl' the that Ihe cause of Afrikaner Indicalion of their awareness Command was tighl; cornman· emment tried to press through RETORIA has carried out coast to the town of "sclf-determination" luis come thai an ugly mood is developing dos had to Ole operational plans next April's non·racial election. Pa "'holesale purge of MilldlclUlr~. In Ihe III Ihe fore all-,in. Which means 011 lhe farmlands. It is an anxi· on a 24·hour basis and If they "We arc not accepting black "classified" state documents DSouth African Karoo. a thaI - unless fale is particu· ely coupled wllh COfIl:"rn at Ihe acted outside tbose plans they government and lhal is that:' In what Is likely to be set'n as small ohclisk standing alone by larly kind - Ihe time for mar· military's dislribution of aulo­ would face prosecution. he de· he said. . an attempt to obliterate evi­ 1he roadside catches the eye. Iyrs mi~ht have rctUnled. matic rlncs to farmers and clared optimistically. They arc familiar sentiments dence of sanctions-busting The inscription says It is in The fate of Bezuidenhout ­ their wives. The colonel would not reveal among rightwingers. The and "dirty' tricks" operations memory of Jan Bcztlidcnhout who VlOS not lunong lhe more As disclosed by Ihe Guardian flgures on wcapons distribuled. Volksfronl's directorale Is be­ against anti-apartheid actlv· Dnd flve other onen whom. it admirable of martyrs - is a yeslerday. lhe guns are being He dismissed fanners' claims lievcU to have made a private Ists over the years. Go\'ern· adds cryptically. were "ali reminder that "martyrdom" Is distributed - at least by farm· that 2..400 had been issued in assessment lhal it can mobilise G1ent offieials have con· buried here on March 9. 18J6. in oflen bom of coarsc bloody· crs' accounts - to anyone who the Midweburg area last month 100.000 men wilh lhe help of lhe firmed the purge, but the 'connt'Ction "'ilh the Siagters· mlndedncss. elevated to princi· will nominally silm up 10 Join as an exaggeralion. And he cor· commando syslem. lhe bulk of national intelligence service nek history". The absence of 1,le.by coincldenee and time. lhe "comnlandos". Ihe 140.000­ rected yeslerday's Guardian them In the conservative Insists that originals are any further explanation is per. And. touring the farms of Ihe strong South African vendon of. report thai women were getiing ·strongholds ofthe 'northern and being beld by Ihe state ·secu· haps to ,void conlroYersy:1Irivale rlty council. cause the memories raised br parent that there Is a tide of brieflng al the weekend for The destruetion of "tens of the monument qre 8010ng the bloody-mindedness among the members of lhe "Wencom· thousands" of secret docu· more embittered 'n South Afri· "Boers." Touring the farms of the Karoo, it quickly mando" - the private army ments has emerged !"rom an can history. For one thiug they are broke. run by the nco-Na7.i Afrikaner Inquest Into the 1985 mur· Ilczuidenhout was an Afri· or prelt)" close to It. The Karoo becomes apparent that there is a tide Wccrslandsbewcgin~(AWB) ­ ders of the "Cmdock Four" kaans farmer who objected to is sheep·farming country and a "general stalT omcer" told - the prominent anti·apart· thC' emancipation of the slaves the lar~c farm·houses and huge of bloody-mindedness among the 'Boers' them to prepare for a war heid activist, Matthew Gon· by the Ihen cnlonial rulers. the propertics arc pointers to pasl within six to ninc months. lwe, and three friends. Police British. Defring 0 court sum- wealth. Today !C"..al converc-~· Since Siagtersnek lhere have evidence was thaI the de· mons for as.Constand Viljoen. hurg branch of the Farmers Three years ago a British Just completed the pur~e of Ther are re!nelllbercrl as the can't get married; this is not Ihe I"ader of the rightwing Afrika· Union. a supporter of the right· film·maker made a memorable their own classified first martyrs in Ihe .lru~le for life for consumers." he say•. her Volksfront and former head wing Conservative Party. Is a IlIm on the AWl! In which the material. Afrikaner sclf·delennination. blanching al the thought of of the South African Defence former sergeant·major in the story was told of how its leader. Meanwhile. Presldenl And to siumble across the me· sch,." fees. Force. tojointhe commandos. commandos. leaving two years Eugene Terreblanche. prepared F. W. de Klerk has warned moriaI this week is particularly Another enumerales the rate The military arc proving less ago In what many believe was warrior-fashion for an impor­ that the country's first non· ironic. lJecause it happens to lJc of neighbours ringing his prop· than forthcoming about the dis· an unomcial purge of extrem· tant rally by sleeping the previ· racial election nexl year can· the one which has seen perhaps erty: one has emigrated to Can· tribution of the weapt,,.. Yes· Isis in the mUilary. Last month ous nighl with his horsc. In the not take place unless politi· the most signifkant ad\'an('(> in aela. a~ 8 tennis coach: another terday I visited army hea~quar· he was allowed to rejoin. middle of lhe nighl It beeame cal \'Iolence Is "drastically'" lhe legal slalus of farm la· was murdered: a third has had ters in Pretoria. seeing Colc"el A pistol sticking out of his too uncomfortable and he reduced. bourers since emancipation. It Ws farm repossessed and the Jan Rabie. a senior operations waist·band. Mr Blom had no moved to the local Holiday Inn. The Inkatha leader. Chief comes in the form of an agree· fourth Is earnin~ notoriety for omccr responsible for lhe com· I~t)ubt about the significance of It is an anecdote which holds Mangosuthu Buthelezi, has ment extending trade union his bouncing cheques. manons, who poured over doeu· U,e ,nns distribution. The "co­ out hope Ihal Ihe spirit of Jan elTectl\'ely ruled out propos· rights 10 farm workers. On top of Iheir flnancial woes ments marked "secret" as he incide"",," of Gen Viljoen's ap· Bezuidenhoul may have been als for a mulli·party peace· There is also a coincidence in there is the uncertainty of the flelded questions. He was ada· peal to jcin the commandos Iosllo the Boers. keeping force.

THE GUARDIAN Friday August 13 1993

SOUTH AFRICA . -.., - ,. ._;.. - ' ..-~ _..- ,- -"';""~"-, ' :-. ., Goldstone hears fresh tie-up between ing the Wankie campaign in 1967. His plan was scuppered when the weapon given by the three was Caprivi. training and hit-squads. confiscated by his KZP station com­ mander. No charges for possession DuRBAN/ Castingmore than a shadowof Africa and KwaZulu ... but also to at­ ofan illegal firearm were pressedby the doubt over earlier findings by the tack those people who do not belong to station commander, and the KwaZulu Goldstone Commission of inquiry, a Inkatha and those people who do not minister ofjustice, Rev CJ Mjthethwa former KwaZulu Police constable like the KwaZulu government". promised to inter.vene on his behalf, he revealed this week that when he He detailed how after a six month said. reCeived training in the Caprivi Strip training session in the Caprivi he' He added he hadreceived guarantees in 1986 he was told to kill Inkatha rose through ranks of Inkatha, first against arrest in Caprivi. opponents, given an AK-47 rifle, and 'as a recruiter and then as the or­ Ballistic evidence at the inquiry was subsequently protected from ganisation's national organiser in linked the AK-47 in question to the arrest by a high ranking member of Ulundi, became involved in a plot to attempted murder ofCosatu Northern the KwaZulu government. wreak havoc in Natal's strife-torn Natal vice chair Wellington In a finding in June Goldstone said Esikhawini township on the order of Mthimkhulu. the training of the Inkatha men by three fellow Caprivi trainees. The commission, also scheduled to police in Caprivi was not sufficient One ofthese, Daluxolo Mandlanduna investigate KZP conduct around the evidence vi a third force being in Luthuli, was identified in the course of death ANC Natal Midlands vice-chair operation. Inkatha asserted said they earlier investigations as the Caprivi Reggie Hadebe last year, was tempo­ were trained as bodyguards. 'commissar' who was a former Um. rarily adjourned. {Own correspondent] The constable (unidentified) said: khonto weSizwe cadre who fought "I was told I was (being trained) to against SA and Rhodesian troops dur- protect the government of the South 10 I INTERNATIONAL I MISCELLANY ¥ THE INDEPENDENT TUESDAYIOAUGUSTl~3 • Crossing a bitter racial and political divide John Carlin in Johannesburg meets two 'new' South .t\fricans: a former neo-Nazi who joined the ANC, and an ex-radical, once dedicated to apartheid's overthrow, who now advises FW de Klerk ;;0.. r%'#~·f,0~~~~1·'~.:~~;q:::;~~~'·

r".,,~._ ~t:~.-

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Petra Burrill (left), who lnDIfonecl her aUqiaDce 10 Ne..... Mudd&, aDd (rilbl) n..id C1aDCJI1U.. lbe£ormcr pcrrilla recnUt who foaDd • bomc ill lb. NatioaaJ Part)'

"Jl.ACE uUtDr!" "Why clon't ,.,.. 10 ID 1990 cIle IlIned -iDI IWIl' D' YOU bacllDld DnW a..•.,.. [Foroipl Minister] aDd tbe State and jump oft'. bridle?" "Aze you on from the AWB and bqan rading ill 1960, .b.n b.... l8, that .l SO h. "'HEBLACK PresiclCDI, all of th.m IGIOther.1 told d1uI' or aomethiq?· P..... BuzrilJ !',$.9iftiilHal boob on ANC hUIO')' and N.lson would be • biIb-llyiq m.mber of MAN'S STORY them: 'I OoD'! want to Ix • tokcD TIther rq:n:ncd ber cleciaion 10 paz. Mandcla. "When de KJerk and lIoo N.tiooaJ Party (NF), adriaiDI blad: fact in the NP. J....llo be in ticipatt in • phODHn ndio pro­ It..all b-.l 011 balt aDd iporan<:o Mandell cam. on the TV .. ","ed the whitt preoiclOOI of lb. clay, H llayed in twcb wilb lb...daziq my the cleci.ion-makin& lSnIc:tun.: 1fIIIlIll' .....tl)·, sueb _ the abuse and feaf'. IiIlcnin1. Bdore, ... ital Nnled the W'OllIcl ba.. Ilid yoa .... 10...... bal, ~07, Ir.ned capitalill ADcl tIley .....d. Th.ir problem, helped OD ber by ..hite c:alJers. Why did lb. join the AWB'"AU of TV off. W.'d been bnin_bed. N"" ThaI ... lIoo ,.., be joiDed lb. ...icl... tbey',. rncmoo'cd mel "'" .... is ..ttin& bllck peopl. iIllo "I ... shock.d. , cpettcd CI1b lik. mj' acbool-kid indoctrination - I ..-.bcillI peopl. opin. ThiDkiq Pan·Afric:aDia1 Coacru', whicb ro­ lIooy ba.. DO ~. They',. • lIoo NP. 'Iold th.m J would take np thaI from lbe far richl bu. the peopl. wen. to aD Afrikaam primary acbooJ for ...... I....• aaioa 10 tbiI clay lb. radical wiDe of abambl...• Well, why _ ;oill lb. tIM tau. aDd tUn in SowftO." .....ho c:alJcd iD Wut ordinuy people, - all cam. to the ltufa", aft" the SiJl« becomiq • fully poid-up lIoo loIack lilIeration _nm.nl, ANC? "ID lb. ANC it'. who yoo .... 50 why the NPI "II .. the pral·. __ lIIilitary arm, Apll (AzaDiao you know I 1:ht JIWI aDd WOIDJ,D Dat ANC pllntecll bie bomb in Pmorio ....her or the ANC cIle illS .-i.ed it'l wh.,. 7011'" that deter· ..tit cboiec. Thry hlVt &II infra· cloor; said Mrs BuzrilJ, .bOlO claim in 1913. The bomb plvaniacd all my lIlIOy tlaralcninl lertm and pbone Peopl.'. Liberation AnDy), ,.li.b.. __ whelber 7011 iDto • Ieacler· llnIc:tun in place. Th.y ha•• firwI· 10 DOlori'C~"is that ,he hu transferred fan. And then "Wled lOiDI 10 bear e.lb. "But I feel ....1 I liocI 1 he- daimin& rnpoDlibility acb tim•• a1Up pooitioo. , dicln'l ... anyllop. tiaI n:ooart.., whieb """ Dcod 10 her aIlqian", £rom ElIJtO. Tern­ Tern-Blancb. apeak. H.'. m....cri· iDI pan 01 the m.jority.1 fed 1 he- white penoD .falls nctim to I na.t •• IoaclerIhip poaitioo lb...... , lIPti/Imy poopl•. , ...., back £rom B1IDeb.', AWB (AfriUner ResisWlce aiq. He Jripl you. H. ~ and be ..... 1'10 fro< _. because I .. pe0­ 8llrd.r. Apia, ita m.mbe" aplaiD, 01 ooolriboli.q '0 policy. Ploa, politi· DC, yoa bow, mel J •• th. bicb· it lIoo bIId: to lIoo Afrika· Movement) 10 J'e11OO ~deIa'. Afri· Ji... binb 10 danrearor • Itn:OI in the middle of the Diabl" ...... found, i, lhc oomplct••1>­ If60I mel joiDed the PAC anny in Mr a..CDYU' .... -...... l to -..cled .... The Sllle Presid.nl will ("ANC- ADti-Cbri.t"Wlloneofber ID JanUlIY thil )'Olr &be.;oiDed the ...... of hatred. A fror ..... back •• TlDZaDi&, wI>oro be traiDecI ucIer ...... tbe alrability be ._ call JDt' lOmt'timn a.od U!': 'One. favouri,es), &be .ould .ncod lecrura ANC Why? "ItWII. Vldual_. -. 11 aD ANC nIIj' with ..aller Chin... iDotnaeton for lift yeaR. iD Amorita _pil. lb. iDnitabl. an , boaDct lOIOetbinr 011 you?' bj' DaTid lning and other lik.. I would aometimos COlD. bolo. from Sisulu ... and .ben ... -. intro­ -non tho PAC llarted fallina apart hombanlmonl • clutb-duuu be Now fm ND.Jli.D& DOt oal!, So.elo, minclcd vilil""; sh. would bold p0­ An meetiDp and ak myadf.bcth· duced 10 the """d £rom the podium ...... prooocl iDcapobl. of .... !au tDdurod duriD& lb. pall yur. It bat rID mtbe oationalllW1altmcDt litical mcoW!l' "' bet bome, CXlUOtina or aom. of thil arutr _n'l perhaps • • Q·AWB mcmbm th..,· ..... enzl' Ii.q back inlO tho """'try,' be aaicl. it • prit. H it 1riIliDa to Ply to aclcl eommittte of the party, Ib'IteplUJa OIIIong ber fUel" the cx>upl. cbarrccl bit too <:nZl'. Tbcn ODe clay mj' bus· with joj'. They pvc us I biaer ch... H....t 10 CaDacla, obtained • cleo lIiI ooolribatioo 10 lb. JDaltiD& of • for tbt tltction nnt year." with Chri$ Hanj', l:IUIIinatiOD, Qivr baDd'. jot! in airtraft maintClllll'" II than they pv. old Wal.er. .... mel llIll1hl ill • acbool for two ..,. tokraDt lOciety. H. ''''tplI the A....c will be the ad GI)'t Derb)'-Lewili abc was iJJ­ tile aiIpon 10' • bil abaky ... be lOt "N... I've 0010. full cin:I.. I .. mel. half,..,.. n .. b....t 10 the "I _. to lb. NP mel , laiel, ..;ortty in an tiffIN JO"erumCDL 1'iled 10 take pan in • tJainina pro­ DO help from the ofljciaJ llDion, h. .by the Prctorio bomb had 10 10 off. Ullitoci SClI... dicl • BSt aDel. Mao­ 'Hey. let m...... apartheid from "'OaJy by • miracle will we win. Our lfIIIlIlle O'hich incluclo • all oIoctricaJ 011­ my own lDiad. Lot _ libcratt my' plan is to be ..." otrolll oppositiOD tbin$I, lamiDJ boO' 10 mue bomM. Congmo of South African Trade had 10 fa", I'd ha.. been th.mOlI rad· Po...· H. _. hom. ill JIIIy luI aeIi' Saclel.nJy I ... free to talk to .. thaI, bailclirl& on th. A."C'. mi,· '"'Tbc IDeu.a,t hS 'We've lOt to ItlDd Union.]. "H. found thaI thc)· -. ical penon in the .orld. IfI'd bad the ,.aT mel • .-lb Iat.r joiIltd lb. !bat poopl•. ID AlIJUSl luI yur I tak.K, we caD win the Dnt election:' lOJCth" to Itop lb."""'"_ (bllck belpfuJ and c!licicot. Thlt they .... oonlC'ioWiDesI thrn thll I hive DOW NP. mot loolt M.y.r lCoIlOliNtioDl! Aad then? "M. ambition it to be iII clanIc:'i and _,..,.", (red danger)'. hWlWl beings. It mad. us think.· I'd have ..... 10 prison for lure." WIry oIicl ~.... lIoo PAC? "I Dc.eiopmCDI Minisler1 Pik Botha die cab~ ;uit like rnr,onc clle." _-THE OBSERVER --=-sUND:..:....:..:....:.Ay:....:l~A~UG.:....U;..:.ST~I993 ANC appalledbyDeKlerk's newdefencechief

Allis.... Sparks establish credibility for the has authorised dirty-tricks things to the scheduling of 27 Johannesburg security forces in the eyes of operations aimed at discrediting April as the date for South black South Africans. the ANC and its allied organisa­ Africa's first one-person, one­ PRESIDENT F..W. de Klerk Most observers were looking tions. vote election. has revealed the extent of his to Lt-Gen Pierre Steyn, the air De Klerk clearly decided it Critics believe Buthelezi weakening control over a force chief of stafT De Klerk was more important to appease wants to avoid the election divided Cabinet by endorsing appointed last year to head a right-wing elements within his because opinion polls show his the appointment of the most clean-up investigation into own Cabinet. Tensions are party to be a certain loser with conservative and discredited dirty-tricks operations run by building up there between the only 3 per cent national sup­ member of the general stafT as the defence force. Instead De government's negotiating team, port. De Klerk tried and failed the new chief of South Africa's Klerk has appointed one of the which is striking compromise last Thursday to persuade defence force. key figures Steyn's investigation deals with the ANC, and con­ Buthelezi to drop his objections It was widely expected that exposed, army chief Lt-Gen servative Ministers who see and return to the talks. when the present defence force Georg Meiring. these deals as marginalising Instead, Buthelezi has taken chief, General Kat Liebenberg, The ANC immediately issued Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi's his case to the Supreme Court, a man with a long record of a protest statement saying it had Inkatha Freedom Party, which claiming there were irregulari-' directing clandestine operations 'serious reservations' about they favour as an ally. ties in the negotiating council's against the black liberation Meiring's past. That is an Things have come to a head procedures. movements, retires at the end of understatement. Meiring has over the past week as Buthelezi Ministers anxious to move October, the job would go to been revealed as a blatantly par­ has tried to stall the negotiating ahead with the negotiations for someone beller qualified to tisan officer who in recent times process, objecting among other fear ofgrowing instability in the

country, are urging De Klerk to the Goldstone Commission, London. Meiring claimed the to involve ANC leaders in pros­ get tough with Buthelezi over which is investigating sources of first part of the operation was in titution and drug-dealing alle­ his delaying tactics. But conser­ political violence, raided the accordance with his 'Une ptions. vative Ministers still see Buthe­ operational headquarters of a authority', and that the plot Meiring allO tingled with lezi as their primary ally against clandestine military unit near against Coetzee was unauthor­ Judge Richard Goldstone when the ANC, and any action by De Pretoria. ised. the commission found that a Klerk against Buthelezi could Aniong its discoveries was Despite the disclaimer, Bri­ Jkltorious counter-insurgency split the Cabinet - with disas­ evidence of an exercise called tain was sufficiently outraged unit called 32 Battalion had trous results for the negotiating Operation Echoes, authorised for John Major to take the mat­ committed atrocities in a black process. by Meiring, which !lent two ter up personally with De Klerk squatter 'CBIIlp near Johannes­ It is this ability to put pres­ secret agents to Britain last year when they met in London soon burg and recommended the unit sure on an ideological fault-line to produce 'evidence' of ANC afterwards. be disbanded. in the De Klerk Cabinet that links with the IRA and the In another disclosure late last Meiring publicly defied gives Buthelezi his political PLO. year, evidence at an inquest into Goldstone, saying he would not power, rather than his minus­ While in Britain, the agents a political assassination revealed disband the battalion and would cule support within the future also tried to set up the assassina­ that Meiring had authoriled the continue to deploy his forces as electorate. tion of a police informant, Gert re~ngagement of a discredited he saw fit. This was followed by Evidence of Meiring's in­ Coetzee, who had revealed secret agent and convicted a !leries of anti-ANC pro­ volvement in dirty-tricks details of South Africa's death murderer named Ferdi Bar­ nouncements, which led to for­ operations against the ANC squads before seeking sanctuary nard, who then proposed a plan mal complaints against him of emerged last November when with the ANC and fleeing to to use 'underworld connections' political bias.

....5''' fA.os. :I­ ••:I ~ ••11'­ C 0 elL.. .. SOUTHSCAN A Bulletin ofSouthern African Affairs Vol. 8 No. 29 ~ 23 July 1993 I•, Resentment grows in police after MK Peace corps deal and SADF reach peace corps deal CDrttirrwll ReeentmentisbuildingintheSAPoliee vatedattemptto II8botage the conatitu· aft.ertheagreementinprinciplebetween tional talo. More recently they have armedfon:eshasDotbeengivenup,but the African National Clice Sellti­ supponen. WinDiDg them over, dered the women to lie down and shot ship hostels before they went on "mis­ men\ _ reinforced on WedDea­ sboctiD& them, respondiDI to the men. "They didn't waste time, sions", train killings included, for their sboc:k. His boldest m~ day whal mcmbcn of the riol they just started to shoot," she said. which they received payment. unit opened lire on IIIlOU1'1IerII1 he dcli~ It the eIId of bia I funenl for ti

~ ------_.....- _. --- PLENTY trJOOi! DItWf"\i South· .,.place ,in 1999 Mr de Klert Africa t!leX days. The national akulates his pmy can build on John Carlin in Cape Town finds anger and dismay ~ team ~t the trOrld dwn- die failures of an ANCkd IOv­ PlOn&, Auatnlia, at the weekend; .crnmentand, bniDI forFd new die pri~ 'rif JOld, the COIintry"1 . alliana:a, ItDnD to netory. after ll_people were gunned down in church bigest apon-arDer, is lOina -Sut, • the Romans knew, to throUlh the roof; '1riJllusineaa, keep the peIC% YOUlllDlt prepare aovmunent and die :ttade. farnr.Where areMrMandda's unions ~ tnleOtUllan eszraor- - battalions? 1JI the black IDWD- TIlE ItreetS of Kcnilwonh, a Lorenzo Smith IoIt his wife in dinary .uianct h «ODCIIIlic &hips the ANC's military wing, was leafy Cape Town luburb, are al· the attack. He one ofseveral progreI5; ud, .AO leas miracu- Umlthonto ft Sizwe (Spear of most all named after English Coloureds (mixed ra~) people loua, the IOvemment and the Af· the Nation, known popularly as towns in the congreption. "The first and counties. Glaston­ ~. -N&tioAal ~ ~aR -lllK),ecquind, witJa DO juatifica- bury, Hereford, Derby, Surrey, lhots didn't come near us. But building. I !lew polincal centre. tion, a reputation -almost as Cornwall. The attempt is delib· then they threw the two hand Why 15 It, then, that the 01- mythical IS the ANC lcader's, erate to evoke a genteel mood, to grenades into the middle of the tional mo6d is more deapai.rinJ pre-l990. ' . create the illusion that the sun hall and one ofthem landed just today than at any point aince .. ,J'oday in TokozI, Tanbila lw still to set on this little cor­ 10 metres away from us. I was Prf:sidcnt F W de KJer~s JUs- lD4.-where falPle hue ner of empire, that Africa - or unhun and so were my two kids. tonc announcement OIl ZF~·. IIUJPPed botheriag lOut die old for that matter, Johannesburg ­ But I looked down and saw my ary 1990 that Nelaon MaDdcIa . questions: "Where is MK? Why and all its strife are far, far away. wife on the floor, her leg covered was to be releaaed to negotiate I aren't they here to defend us?" If gunmen had bunt into a in blood. I didn't realise she was new, democratic order? Why do' As for Mr de Kl':1'k., his armed churcli in the real GIllslonbut y dying until I turned her over." Mr dc Klett and Mr Mandcla, fIlight is IS formidable in theory and opened fire on the congrega· Among the dead were three ~eroes .It one level, look so trII· IS in practice it is weak. tion, killing lland wounding 56, Russian seamen, whose trawler il:ally mcompetmt on another, His uety about the army the shock would not have been had docked at Cape Town, and so incapable of ItOPPina the wIs c:zpoaed for all to lee in Qc. much greater that it was yester­ three teenage boys. Richard bloodshed and holdina the cen· tober last year wben be forced day in Kenilwonh, where pre­ O'Kill, 17, died instantly after he tte together? . throUlh parliament, in the most cisely such an attack happened was struck by a bullet. His par­ Because they lack power undemocratic manner, a law . during a service on Sunday. ents, Clive and Mary O'Kill, had where it counts. Beauae, while. srantina indemnity to all those Outside St James's Church, a emigrated to England. He had they hl~e truth and jnstice and inTolved in the dirty war spinst modem white building that ltayed behind to finish school reason m abundance and, be-. "Communism", looks rather more like a school, and planned to join them at the tween them, thc suppon of the . O1lly last week, be bowed to eyewitnesses, neighbours and end of the year. nst majority of South Africans, military pressure to appoint the bereaved relatives - people for Who were the gunmen? Too they lack guns, their country"s head ofthe army, General Georg whom the violen~ in the black Ihocked, none of the bereaved traditional instrument of politi- Meirin&, 15 overall chief of the tOWDships is, in practical terms, had any answers save to blame cal per5uwon. .South African bet'ence Force (SADF)wben the present incum· IS alien as the Bosnian war - all "the evil sweeping this coun- I agreed amid their general confu­ try". The first suspects on Sun­ De Klerk and bent retires in October. sion that the attack must have day night, the far-left Azanian Gen Meirin&, it woulcl aeem, believes with 15 much convic· been carefully planned. People's Liberation Army, de­ Mandela play tion 15 the new apiritualleader of "It would have been much nied involvement. Eugene Ter­ Florence the far n,ht (former SADF chief bener - or rather, the conse­ reblanche's Afrikaner Resis­ Constand Viljoen) that the war quences would have been infi­ tance Movement (AWB) issued a Nightingale, but qainst 'Communism baa not nitely less alarming - if it had statement blaming "the Com­ ended. been a case ofa cburch member munists". Mr Muir saw respon­ can no more stop Nine months., be WII iasu· running amok," laid John Muir, sibility lying rather closer to the ina public stltanentl c!enounc· a Cape ToWD city councillor AWB camp. the slaughter .ina the ANC and makina false who lives next door to the "This was a Third Force or a than the doctors proplpllda claims about violent church. "The line of thinking Fifth Column - call it what you MK plots. He it was, alwDeleasly which is far more linister, and like - trying to cause fear and aceed.ini his mandate, "bp unforrunltely it is the one that I uncenainty in a white popula­ The evenII of the put 10 days authorised an elaborate inte1li· take, is that it seemed to have tion already very nervous at the .haye· dAmatiaed. once &pin .the pnce JChemc apoeed 1ut year been the work of people with prospect ofdemocracy and black AI'O leaders' impotence. Hard on covertly to smear the ANC. military training." role. They're trying to force a the heela of the church maaaacre AJ for the police, an bour-loDa Robin Carlisle, the Demo­ wedge between black and whites in Cape Town, wbite n,ht-wina· prell coD!erence lut Tbursday cratic Party MP for Kenilwonh, in order to de:;troy the national .en indiaaimin~';ely ShOI two by the Minister of La" and Or· was on the scene immediately af­ negotiating forum and under­ blacks; on Saturday JUatha der, Hemlll Kriel, -inato im· ter the attack. He pointed out mine progress towards elections. impis stormed out af tJaeir bottel prell UPOIl the population his re­ that the Ittaders had obviously H you consider the timing - the ItJ'Onahold in Tembias IDWD· solve to combat nolence, llerVed carried out surveillance on St day before the unveiling of a ship, north ofJobannesbura, and only to reinforce the JCDeraliaed James's (which belongs to the draft constitution rejected by alaughtered 30 neiJhbourhood bopeleaaneas. South African Church of Eng­ the right wing - and the highly innocenllj in Totoza, I more The 1l3,~uona force WII land but, enngelical in its em­ emotive urget they chose it all frequent battlqround to the eat to be increued by 3,500; new phasis, does not fall under the fi..s together." of )obannesburJ, 404 died over equipment WII to be iasuedj Archbi5hop ofCanterbury). As if 10 prove Mr Muir's the weekend. The total number hiaher rewards to be offered. But "They knew it had a big con· point, a man in his twenties who of political killinas aince 1June there WII no awareness, 15 a de­ JrePtion - one ofthe biggest of 1i9es 50 metreI from the church, baa men above 800. &pondent leDior po~an IC' any.church in the Cape penin· laid that until now he had kept President de KIert and .M: knowled,ed lut week, of the real IU1a. They knew the time ofthe -.yfrom politia. Too afraid to Mandela, meanwhile, plar Flor· problem: 101vm, murden. If acrvicu. They knew the one side Jive his name, he explained: cnce Nilhtinple. They nait the they alII1d solve just one in I door where they could best fire "People like me who have been aurvivon in hospital - 15 Mr de black IDWDIbip, be aid, dleir from and most easily get away. generally in favour of refom Klerlt did in Tembiaa on Sunday credibility and cIIecti'CDaS And the way they did it. One will harden. I never thought 1'0 - but have no more power to . would inaeaae. • hooded guy crashes in, fires a get involved but now I wonder ltop the next alalllhter (today? What are the cbanca of the tomorrow?) than the nurael ~ w;olioe cbanIina the habits and sharp volley, withdraws and about what those generals on the docton. right wing are saying. I felt so prejudica of decades and taking makes way for rwo othen who 'fhey would iftheycould. Tbe black lives eeriolll1y enolllh to throw a hand grenade each, and helpless when I heard the aplo- I National Party baa no more in­ do their job? 'Tn beard the UN then all three - or there might sions and the shooting. I feel lemt in the violencc peraistinl is rocruitina South AfriCID6 to have been a founh gunman ­ son of guilty I couldn't do any­ at this point than the ANC, If join obea'ver minions in Bosnia open fire with automatic rifles. thing. Maybe I slwuJd gel a gun, elections like p~ aCIt April. -ad Somalia," the despondent And they also had a driver wait­ maybe I s~ go for l!~ining." ~uled, the ANC will win poli~ replied, "Any idea ing outside." and the "Nan" ·will come sec­ bow I ahould 10 about ond. When the I1CIt elections applym,?"