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The Metamorphosis THE 'METAMORPHOSIS OF APULEIUS. Of this Re-i~sueon& boo copies have been printed: 500 of which are on thick a~rtiqge p@ev, and loo on a special' Dutch hand-made paper, each cojy numbered. September, 1893. BIRMINGHAM : W. J, COSBY, UNIVERSAL PRESS, MOOR STREET. THE METAMORPHOSIS, GOLDEN ASS, TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL LATIN, BY THOMAS TAYLOR. L< Platonic2 familig nihili novimur nisi fcrtum, et I=tum, tt aoleme, et superurn, et ezleste. Quin altitudinis ctudio, zecta ista etiarn czlo ipso .;ublimiora quaepiam restigavit, et in extimo mundi tergo dcgit." APUL. Apd. LONDON: SOLD BY ROBERT TRIPHOOK, 23, OLD BQND STREET; AND THOMAS RODD, 17, LITTLE NEWPORT STREET. ~822, INTRODUCTION. APULIEUS,the celebrated author of the following work, is undoubtedly the greatest of the ancient Latin Platonists, a portion of whose writings have been preserved to the present time ; and though, in consequence of living at a period in which the depths of the Platonic philosophy had not been fathomed, and its mysteries luminously unfolded, as they afterwards were by certain Coryphzan Greeks,~he is not to be classed among the chief of the disciples of Plato, yet he will always main- tain a very distinguished rank among those who have delivered to us the more accessible parts of that philosophy with consummate eloquence, and an inimitable splendour of diction. Of his life,' scarcely anything more of import- ance is known, than the particulars respecting him- self which may be collected from his works, and I i.e. Greeks who philosophized in the highest perfection ; for such irleIl are called by PlaLo, in the Theretetus, Coryphaean philo- sophers. But the Greeks I allude to are, Plotinus, Porphyry, Iamb- lichus, Syrianus, Proclus, Damascius, and Olympiodorus. 2 In this sketch of the life of Apuleius, I have availed myself of all the most interesting particulars collected by Bayle, in his excellent Dictionary. vi. INTRODUCTION. these are as follow : He lived in the second century, about the time of Antoninus Pius, and was a native of Madaura, a Roman colony in Africa, and hence, in his Apology, he calls himself a semi-Gaetu1i:tn and a semi-Numidian, because the place of his birth was situated on the very confines of Numidia and Gaetulia. His family was of considerable rank ; for his father, whose name was Theseus, had exer- cised at Madaura the office of duumvir, which was the first dignity of a colony ; and his nlother. whose name was Salvia, was originally of Thes- saly, and descended from the family of Plutarch. He appears to have been well instructed in all the liberal disciplines of the Greeks, to have been graceful in his person, and to have abounded in wit and learning. Hence, speaking of his literary attainments, he says, in his Florida, " The first cup of knowledge which we receive from our preceptors removes entire ignorance ; the second furnishes us with grammatical learning ; the third arms us with the eloquence of the rhetorician. Thus far many drink. Hut I drank of other cups besides these at Athens ; of poetry, the fabulous ; of geometery, the limpid ; of music, the sweet ; of dialectic, the rough and unpleasant ; and of uni- versal philosophy, the never-satiating and nec- tareous cup. " He studied first at Carthage, then at Athens, and afterwards at Rome, where he acquired the INTRODUCTION. vii. Latin tongue without any assistance, as he him- self informs us at the beginning of his Metamor- phosis. An ardent desire of becoming acquainted with all the arcana of philosophy, and all the mys- teries of religion, induced him to make several voyages, and enter himself into several religious fraternities. He spent nearly the whole of his estate in travelling; so that, having returned to Rorne, and being desirous of dedicating himself to the service of Osiris, he wanted money to defray the expenses of the ceremonies of his re- ception. Hence he was under the necessity of parting with his clothes to make up the requisite sum. After this he procured the means of sub- sistence by pleading ; and, through his eloquence and skill, was not in want of causes, some of which were of great importance. He restored his fallen fortune, however, much more by a lucky marriage than by forsenic harangues. A widow, whose name was Pudentilla, neither young nor fair, but who stood in need of a hus- band, and had a good estate, thought Apuleius adapted to her purpose. The accuser of Apuleius, as we learn from the Apology, affirmed she was sixty years of age ; but his design in asserting this was to prove, that the passion she had con- ceived for the accused was not natural, but the effect of magic. Apuleius made it appear, that she was not much above forty years of age, and viii. INTROTIUCTION. that if she had passed fourteen of those years in a state of widowhood, it was not fro111 any aver- sion to matrimony, but from the opposition of her father-in-law to it; and that at length celibacy had so far impaired her health, that the physicians and midwives were of opinion, that the best remedy for the diseases which were the consequence of it was wedlock. The argument einployed by Apu- leius on this occasion was, that a lady so advised, and who had no time'to lose, if she desired to make the best use of her teeming years, wanted not to be constrained by magic art to make choice of a spouse. This rich widow Apuleius cheer- fully married, at a country house near Oea, a maritime town of Africa. This marriage involved him in a troublesome lawsuit ; the relations of this lady's two sons pretending that he had em- ployed magic to possess himself of her money and her heart. Hence they accused him of being a wizard, before Claudius Maximus, the proconsul of Africa. From this charge he defended himself with great ability and vigour, as is evident from the Apology, that is still extant, which he de- livered before his judges. He was also extremely laborious, and wrote many books, some in verse, and others in prose ; of which but a small part has escaped the ravages of time. Hence, in his Apology, in answer to his adversary, on the subject of eloquence, he says : INTRODUCTION. ix. " As to eloquence, if ever I had any, it ought not to appear to be either wonderful or odious, if, having from my youth to this time strenuously applied myself to the study of literature, spurning all other pleasures, with greater labour, perhaps, than was ever employed by any other man, by day and by night, I have endeavoured to obtain it, with the contempt and loss of my health." He delighted in making public speeches, in which he gained the applause of all his auditors. When they heard him at Oea, the audience unanimously exclaimed, that he ought to be honoured with the freedom of the city.3 'The people of Carthage, on hearing him harangue, erected a statue of him, as a testimony of their esteem of his talents ; and he was honoured in the same way by other cities.-+ It is said by Siclonius Apollinaris, that his wife held the candle to him while he studied ;s "but this," says Bayle, " must not, I think, be taken literally, it is rather a figure of Gallic eloquence." It has been above observed, that he wrote many books. Indeed, it may be said, as Bayle remarks, that he was an universal genius, as there are but few subjects which he has not handled. Hence, he translated the Phado of Pluto, and the A rithmefzt of A/zco?izachus. He wrote a treatise 3 See his Apology, p. 320. 4 See his Florida, p. 355. 5 " Legentibus meditantibusque candelas et candelabra tenue- runt." Sido~i.Apollin. Epist. X. 1. 2. X. INTRODUCTION. De Rejuddzca, another De Nameris, and another Uc Mmica. His Table-Q2lestions are quoted, and also his Letters to CereClia, his Proverbs, his fir- maxoras, and his Lztdicra. This last work he mentions himself: " They read," says he, " in my Ludicra, a short epistle in verse, concerning a powder for the teeth." The works of Apuleius which have escaped the ravages of time are, his Metamov~hosir,or, as it is generally called, The Golden Ass, in eleven books ; his Treatises of Natural and Moral Phil- osojhy ; ;of the Cateporic Syllogism; and of the God of Socrates. And besides this there are extant, his ApoZopy, his Florida, and his treatise De Mundo, which is nothing more than a translation from the Greek of a treatise with the same title which is generally ascribed to Aristotlen6 The Latin translation also of the Asclepian Dia- logue of Hermes Trismegistus, is attributed to Apuleius ; and though it is entirely destitute of that splendour of diction which so eminently dis- tinguishes the writings of our author, yet it is not improbable that it is one of his productions ; since a translator, if he is faithful, will not only give the matter, but the manner also, of his original. 6 This treatise I have translated in vol, ix. of my translation of kristotle's works. INTRODUCTION. xi, With respect to the treatises translated in these volumes, the Metamorphosis is the most celebrated of all the works of Apuleius. A great part of this fable may be said to be a paraphrase of the Ass of Lucian, which was originally derived from a work of Lucius Patrensis, who wrote in Greek, and was of Patrre, a city of Achaia.
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