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Country Background Report Estonia
OECD Review of Policies to Improve the Effectiveness of Resource Use in Schools Country Background Report Estonia This report was prepared by the Ministry of Education and Research of the Republic of Estonia, as an input to the OECD Review of Policies to Improve the Effectiveness of Resource Use in Schools (School Resources Review). The participation of the Republic of Estonia in the project was organised with the support of the European Commission (EC) in the context of the partnership established between the OECD and the EC. The partnership partly covered participation costs of countries which are part of the European Union’s Erasmus+ programme. The document was prepared in response to guidelines the OECD provided to all countries. The opinions expressed are not those of the OECD or its Member countries. Further information about the OECD Review is available at www.oecd.org/edu/school/schoolresourcesreview.htm Ministry of Education and Research, 2015 Table of Content Table of Content ....................................................................................................................................................2 List of acronyms ....................................................................................................................................................7 Executive summary ...............................................................................................................................................9 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................10 -
Experiences from Wood Product Cluster Development from Estonia
Experiences from Wood Product Cluster Development from Estonia Rene Tõnnisson Tartu Science Park Estonia in short Population 1.35 million Area 45,000 km2 Language Estonian GDP 9 800Euro GDP growth 11.8 % (2006) . Export 63 % of GDP Tartu Estonian Policy Context and Framework Conditions • Succesful transition economy with dominating neo-liberal policy approach • Long time “no policy” policy in innovation, industrial and technology policy areas • Increased understanding that policy measures are needed for upgrading existing industries and strengthening their competitiveness • Cluster support initiatives gaining popularity index of economic freedom rankings 2006 1. Hong Kong 21. Czech Republic 2. Singapore 23. Lithuania 3. Ireland 29. Japan 5. UK 32. Norway 7. ESTONIA 34. Slovak Republic 8. Denmark 39. Latvia 9. USA 40. Hungary 13. Finland 41. Poland 19. Sweden 44. France 20. Germany 111. China Source: Wall Street Journal; The Heritage Foundation 122. Russia GDP growth and inflation 1995-2006 15 30.0 gdp growth inflation 11.8 25.0 11.1 9.8 10 20.0 7.9 7.8 7.2 6.5 6.7 15.0 5 4.5 4.4 4.4 10.0 5.0 0.3 0 0.0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 -5.0 -5 -10.0 Source: Statistical Office of Estonia Main Challenges of Estonian Economy • Low share of high tech employment in industry • Lower productivity compared to EU average • Low investment into innovation and new product development • Exports based on sub-contracting • Weak position in international markets • Low knowledge of technical norms and regulations applicable to various products and markets in Europe Tartu and South-Estonia Region • Population of 350 000 inhabitants and territory of 15 000 sq. -
Flags and Banners
Flags and Banners A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton Contents 1 Flag 1 1.1 History ................................................. 2 1.2 National flags ............................................. 4 1.2.1 Civil flags ........................................... 8 1.2.2 War flags ........................................... 8 1.2.3 International flags ....................................... 8 1.3 At sea ................................................. 8 1.4 Shapes and designs .......................................... 9 1.4.1 Vertical flags ......................................... 12 1.5 Religious flags ............................................. 13 1.6 Linguistic flags ............................................. 13 1.7 In sports ................................................ 16 1.8 Diplomatic flags ............................................ 18 1.9 In politics ............................................... 18 1.10 Vehicle flags .............................................. 18 1.11 Swimming flags ............................................ 19 1.12 Railway flags .............................................. 20 1.13 Flagpoles ............................................... 21 1.13.1 Record heights ........................................ 21 1.13.2 Design ............................................. 21 1.14 Hoisting the flag ............................................ 21 1.15 Flags and communication ....................................... 21 1.16 Flapping ................................................ 23 1.17 See also ............................................... -
Estonia Country Health Profile 2019 Contents
State of Health in the EU Estonia Country Health Profile 2019 Contents • Health in Estonia • Risk Factors • The Health System • Performance of the Health System • Effectiveness • Accessibility • Resilience • Key Findings Health in Estonia Life expectancy is rising, but wide gaps exist • Women live 9 years longer than men (EU average: 5.2 years) • Men with high education live 8.5 years longer than men with low education (EU average: 7.6 years) • Residents in Tartu County live 4.5 years longer than residents in Ida-Vida County Ischaemic heart disease causes most deaths Inequalities in self-reported health are very wide • Slightly more than half of Estonians (53%) report being in good health (EU average: 65%) • Age 16-44: 81.5% • Age 65+: 17.6% • Estonia has the widest gap in self-perceived health by income level in the EU Risk Factors Almost half of deaths are a result of risk factors (EU average: 39%) Around 7 300 deaths in Estonia can be attributed to risk factors • Dietary risks: 4 000 deaths • Tobacco smoking: 2 300 deaths • Alcohol consumption: 1 500 deaths • Low physicial activity: 480 deaths Estonia has the third highest adult obesity rate in EU • One in five Estonians are obese, the highest rate in the EU after Malta and Latvia, with increasing rates of childhood obesity • One in four men smoke daily in 2018, more than twice that of women • Tobacco and alcohol policies have contributed to declines in these risk factors The Health System Estonia spends less on health care than EU average • Estonia spends 1 559 EUR per person on health -
Spatial Mobility Between Tallinn and Helsinki in Mobile Positioning Datasets
Spatial Mobility between Tallinn and Helsinki in Mobile Positioning Datasets. Statistical overview. Department of Geography of University of Tartu, Mobility Lab Siiri Silm, Rein Ahas, Margus Tiru All questions and comments: [email protected] Helsinki-Tallinn Transport and Planning Scenarios Central Baltic INTERREG IV A Cross-Border Co-operation Programme Tartu 2012 Contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 3 2. Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 5 2.1. Data and methods ................................................................................................................. 5 2.2. EMT customer profile .......................................................................................................... 7 3. Estonians to Finland ........................................................................................................... 13 3.1. The number of Estonian vists to Finland ............................................................................ 13 3.2. The duration of visits .......................................................................................................... 13 3.3. The frequency of visits ....................................................................................................... 14 3.4. The length of stay in Finland ............................................................................................. -
Soil Science in Estonia 1919…1940
Soil science in Estonia 1919…1940 Composed by prof. Loit Reintam. Published in: Science in development of Estonian agriculture. II volume. p. 15...18. Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, Tartu, 2003. Original text in Estonian, translated to English in 2009. A new era in the development of soil science in Estonia started with the resolution of the Interim Council of the University of Tartu of 5 August 1919. It was regarded as necessary to establish, among other chairs, the one of soil science, agricultural chemistry and plant nutrition. Establishment of the latter should be considered a logical development in the organisational activities that had been done so far. Anton Nõmmik, director of the North-Estonian Agricultural School (which at that time was in Tallinn and later at Jäneda), was invited to take the position of the first head of the chair. He was also the person, with whose name the study and research activities in soil science and agricultural chemistry in Estonia until the year 1944 are associated. The teaching staff of the Agricultural Department of the University of Tartu in 1929. First row (from the left): professor of animal husbandry dr. agr. J. Mägi; professor emer. mag. oec. A. Thomson; professor of forestry dr. rer. for. A. Mathiesen; acting associate professor of silviculture O. Daniel; professor of soil science and agricultural chemistry M. of. sc. A. Nõmmik. Second row: professor of crop production dr. agr. N. Rootsi; professor of agriculture dr. agr. P. Kõpp; associate professor of construction P. Mielberg; teacher of horticulture and apiculture A. Mätlik; acting associate professor of silviculture dr. -
Territorial Patterns and Relations in Estonia
Territorial fiche Territorial patterns and relations in Estonia Demography and migration Regional entrepreneurship Digital transformation Interactive version: www.espon.eu/estonia Introductory remarks The content of the following overview is a summary of research results from different thematic applied research projects under the ESPON 2020 programme. As a consequence, most indicators and analyses are not based on most recent data but represent the data availability at the time when the research was undertaken. Only in a few cases, for some rather basic indicators that could easily be reproduced, more up-to-date information was used. It is therefore important to note that this overview is mainly a collection of available findings with different time stamps and not an up-to-date, comprehensive analysis. Its main goal is to showcase the wide range of ESPON research and, by zooming-in on a specific country, to raise interest for the scientific results at a more national and even regional scale. 1 Demography and migration | Regional entrepreneurship | Digital transformation Demography and social Demographic changes In- and out-migration Projected share of elderly people Sparsely populated areas 2 Demography and migration | Regional entrepreneurship | Digital transformation The direction and speed of population change varies across Estonia, reflecting the situation in most other Eastern European European countries. From 2015 to 2019, the trends in the countries, observes an increasing population and economic role of Scandinavian countries, the Netherlands, UK, Switzerland, the capital region. In Harju County the population is increasing, but other Ireland, and Germany are characterised by an increasing population. In regions of Estonia are seeing a loss of population. -
Speech by President Lennart Meri
Freedom Through Democracy, Security, and Unity in Diversity Memorable Words of Lennart Meri, President of the Republic of Estonia, From His Speeches 1992–2001 Lennart Meri Compiled and edited by M. Merrick Yamamoto Visual Tutor Company, 2016 From the President’s New Year’s Eve Message, December 31, 1999 Dear fellow countrymen! Today, we are all one big family. Today, in my mind, I shake hands with all of you, look everybody in the eye, and ask: how are you? Today’s New Year is so different from all that have been and all those still to come. It is mysterious, at least in our imagination. Round numbers have a powerful influence on our mind and on our behaviour, especially when the New Year is also connected to the beginning of a new century, a new millennium. A friend of mine even asked me for an interview concerning the third millennium. I asked him: What could a tiller or a fisherman from Rävala or Saaremaa have said about the second millennium in the year 999? On the New Year, there will be no change in the constellation of stars, in the movement of the Sun or the Earth. For an ancient Estonian, the flow of time was constant and indivisible, like the peaceful flow of a river. We toast the new millennium, fill the sky with fireworks and celebrate today, because we are part of the Christian culture. The year 2000 is a year of advent, the year of transition, taking us to the third millennium after the birth of Christ. -
The 20Th Scientific Conference on Economic Policy in Estonia
THE 20TH SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON ECONOMIC POLICY IN ESTONIA Overviews of the scientific conferences on economic policy which have been organised since 1984 have been published in 2002 and 2007 when the 10th1 and the 15th2 conference took place, respectively. The conference that will be held in 2012 will already be the 20th. Starting from the 15th conference, only Värska has remained the venue of the conference (earlier, a half of the first day was spent in Tartu and then the conference was continued at Värska). The essence of the conference has remained the same as in the earlier years: presentations on the first two days, divided into sessions (up to 6 sessions). Traditionally, the conference has included also a picnic and a cultural programme (on the first day), a sports and health programme (on the 2nd day)3 and a nature programme (on the 3rd day). As the essence of the work of the 15th conference (2007) has not been discussed before in the chronicles (the publication appeared before the conference), a brief overview of that conference will also be provided below. In 2007 (28–30 June) the 15th scientific conference was held on the subject „Economic Policy of Estonia – Three Years in the European Union“. The first day of the conference was mainly dedicated to the policies of Estonian regional and local governments. Three presentations above all from specialists of local governments of the Põlva County had been planned for starting the discussions. The day ended with the presentation/discussion by Professor Emeritus Peter Friedrich (Munich-Tartu). The second day of the conference was divided into three sessions with 13 presentations in total. -
Newcomers Guide
Baltic Defence College Ad Securitatem Patriarum NEWCOMERS GUIDE 1 Contents Baltic Defence College 3 BALTDEFCOL practical information 5 Arrival to Estonia 8 Facts about Estonia 9 Economy 11 E-Estonia 11 Culture 11 Music 11 Visual Arts 12 Literature 12 Theatre 12 Film 12 Right of Residence and residence Permits 13 Health Insurance 13 Health Care System 14 Tartu 17 Getting around 17 Communications 19 Day Care Centres and Schools 20 After School Activities for Youth 21 Organisations 21 Leisure time 22 Health and Fitness 24 Stores and services 25 Public Holidays 28 Glossary 29 Contact Information 30 2 Baltic Defence College The Baltic Defence College (BALTDEFCOL) is a modern, future-oriented, English-language based international institution of the Baltic States providing professional military education with a Baltic regional focus and Euro-Atlantic scope. The college serves as a professional military education institution at the operational and strategic level, applying contemporary educational principles, effective management and best use of intellectual and material resources. Our mission is to educate military and security/defence related civilian personnel of the Baltic States as well as their NATO/EU allies and other partners, to contribute to applied research focused on security and defence policies while promoting international cooperation and networking. Our educational program consists of four residential courses: the Senior Leaders Course at the strategic-political level, the Higher Command Studies Course at the strategic level and the Joint Command and General Staff Course as well as the Civil Servants Course, both at the operational level. In addition, BALTDEFCOL hosts and co-hosts international conferences and seminars and conducts applied research. -
Social Studies 20-2 Unit 1 Lesson 1: Nation and Identity
SS2211 Social Studies 20-2 Unit 1 Lesson 1: Nation and Identity Time Required: 1.5 weeks Label this lesson: YournameSS2211 Key Issue - Essential Questions What is the "Big Idea" of this course? " Should we embrace nationalism?" What is the "Big Idea" of this unit? "Should nation be the foundation of identity"? Reading The general outcome for students is that they will explore the relationships among identity, nation and nationalism. Exploring Nationalism Text Specific Outcomes -critical and creative thinking skills -research skills -written and visual literacy skills Getting Started! file:///C|/New%20SS23/SS2211/Social2211Plone.htm (1 of 14) [10/07/2010 10:13:04 AM] SS2211 Welcome to my class! Have you ever seen something, or read about an event, that made you angry? Interested? Or, did you wish you could express your opinion about it? Well, we will be doing some interesting things this semester, and one of them is a weekly Journal. You will find the instructions at the end of this lesson. Consider this scenario: Two students are talking about nationalism in Canada. One student says, "Canada is a nation without nationalism. We don't really care about our country like the Americans do." "What are you talking about??" replies the other. "We have our own flag, army, government, immigration policies and much more. Of course we have nationalism." "No, we don't! Nationalism means loving your country so much you would die for it...would you DIE for our country?" "Well, no, but that doesn't mean I am not proud of my country." Now it's your turn. -
First Years of the Re-Establishment of Estonia's Naval Defence
142 First Years of the Re-establishment of Estonia’s Naval Defence Reet Naber ABSTRACT The Navy and the fleet had been very important to Estonia during the War of Independence of 1918–1920. The British fleet that arrived at the roadstead in Tallinn in December fended off the threat of the Soviet Russia’s Baltic Fleet and guaranteed supply channels for weapons, volunteers and other aid to be brought to Estonia. History and historians played an important role in the restoration of Esto- nian naval defence: the Estonian Academic Military History Society was founded in the Maritime Museum in 1988, and the Guild of Estonians Who Served in the Finnish Navy during World War II was established in autumn 1991. The subma- rine ‘Lembit’, which had been launched in 1937, once belonged to Estonia and was reclaimed from the Baltic Fleet in early 1992, became the first vessel of the Estonian Navy. The first naval units of the Defence League were also restored in 1992 and they took over a number of patrol boats of the Soviet border guard. The naval defence of Estonia was built up in the cooperation and compe- tition of several institutions – the Defence Forces, the Border Guards and the Estonian Maritime Administration. The establishment of maritime border guard units was considered of primary importance. Estonia received ships and boats from the Nordic countries, Germany and the US, and some Soviet vessels were also in working order. Structuring the Naval Forces of the Estonian Defence Forces started later and the Commander of the Navy was appointed in February 1994.