making progress 2008 Annual Report Making Progress 2008 Annual Report Public Citizen’s main office (pictured) is located in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. We also have offices on Capitol Hill and in Austin, Texas. Corporations have their lobbyists in Washington, D.C.

The people need advocates too.

Public Citizen serves as the people’s voice in the nation’s capital. Since our founding in 1971, we have delved into an array of areas, but our work on each issue shares an overarching goal: to ensure that all citi- zens are represented in the halls of power.

For 38 years, we have proudly champi- oned citizen interests before Congress, the executive branch agencies and the courts. We have successfully challenged the abusive practices of the pharmaceu- tical, oil, nuclear and automobile indus- tries, and so many others. We are leading the charge against undemocratic trade agreements that advance the interests of mega-corporations at the expense of citizens worldwide.

As the federal government wrestles with the global economic crisis, Public Citizen is needed now more than ever. We are the countervailing force to corporate power. We fight on behalf of all Americans, to make sure your government works for you.

1 Table of Contents From the Acting President...... 3 Honoring ...... 5 Holding Corporations Accountable...... 7 Ensuring Consumer Access to the Courts...... 11 Curbing Our Energy Addiction...... 15 Protecting Patients...... 20 Fighting for Justice in the Global Economy...... 23

Financials...... 27 Thanking Our Leaders...... 28

PUBLIC CITIZEN INC. Board of Directors Jason Adkins, Chair Adolph L. Reed Jr. Joan Claybrook John Richard David Halperin Sidney M. Wolfe, M.D. Joy Howell

PUBLIC CITIZEN Foundation Board of Directors Robert C. Fellmeth, Chair Liz Figueroa Jim Bildner Jim Hightower Mark Chavez Steve Skrovan Joan Claybrook Sidney M. Wolfe, M.D.

Directors Sidney M. Wolfe, M.D., President (acting) Lori Wallach, Global Trade Watch Sidney M. Wolfe, M.D., Health Research David J. Arkush, Congress Watch Brian Wolfman, Litigation Marilyn Berger, Chief Operating Officer Angela Bradbery, Communications annual report staff Chris Helfrich, development (acting) Bridgette Blair, Editor Tyson Slocum, Energy James Decker, Graphic Designer Tom Smith, Texas Alice Butler, Development Officer Joe Stoshak, Chief Financial Officer

Cover photo: AP Images. Illustrations: NewsArt.com. Printed on Chorus Art 50% recycled/25% post-consumer waste, FSC certified, 100% wind power. Public Citizen staff is represented by the Service Employees International Union, Local 500. 1600 20th Street, NW, Washington D.C., 20009 • 215 Pennsylvania Ave., SE, Washington D.C. 20003 phone 202/588-1000 • fax 202/588-7798 • Penn Ave. phone 202/546-4996 • email: [email protected] Public Citizen Texas, 1303 San Antonio St., Austin, Texas 78701 • phone 512/477-1155 • fax 512/479-8302

2 From the Acting President

“Change” was the buzzword of 2008, and what changes we saw.

The election of the country’s first African-American president. A global financial meltdown. The end of a presidential administration obsessed with secrecy, cozy with industry, and hostile to health and safety protections.

At Public Citizen, we buckled down and fought as hard as ever to block the final push by corpora- tions to get taxpayer-funded goodies from their outgoing friends in the White House and Congress.

We made significant progress in a tough environment.

One of the major Public Citizen highlights of 2008 was the passage of the landmark Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act, the most important legislation of its kind in three decades. This law practically eliminates lead in toys and gives federal regulators more authority and much-needed resources to protect families from hazardous consumer products. We are pushing hard this year to make sure the federal government properly implements the law.

We won a major health victory in 2008, when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it would require its most serious warning about the risk of tendon rupture and tendinitis on packages of certain antibiotics such as Cipro and Levaquin. The FDA’s announcement was, in part, a result of a lawsuit we had filed earlier in the year. In 2008, I was appointed to a four-year term on the FDA’s Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee, a position I greatly relish because it provides an extraordinary opportunity for me to influence FDA decision-making concerning drug safety.

Our attorneys argued before the U.S. Supreme Court in 2008 to defend the right to hold corporations accountable. Meanwhile, on Capitol Hill, our lobbyists worked to restore that right where it has been taken away.

Also during 2008, our attorneys counseled actor Dennis Quaid as he testified before the U.S. House of Representatives about how Baxter was trying to avoid responsibility for errors that led to his twins receiving overdoses of an anticoagulant drug. And our fight against new Texas coal plants was featured in a documentary narrated by Robert Redford. We also worked to mobilize moviegoers to see “Battle in Seattle.” The film’s release created an opportunity to talk about our role in organizing the famous protests against the World Trade Organization (WTO) depicted in the film and how to this day we have helped stop WTO expansion.

On the pages of this annual report, you will read much more about the additional progress Public Citizen made on your behalf in 2008.

While we pushed for change outside the organization, we experienced a major change inside Public Citizen at the end of 2008. Our longtime president, Joan Claybrook, announced her retirement, which was effective at the end of January 2009. We pay tribute to her decades of achievement in these pages.

Our work in the public interest continues in 2009. The campaigns for renewable energy, safe and affordable health care, con- sumer-friendly economic legislation and reform of global trade agreements will be at the center of the national agenda in 2009. As always, we will be out in front representing you in the halls of power.

Sidney M. Wolfe, M.D.

3 Joan Claybrook was president of Public Citizen from 1982 through January 2009. Under her leadership, the organization grew in size, budget and scope into a national advocacy powerhouse with outreach to hundreds of thousands of supporters nationwide.

4 Honoring Joan Claybrook

From 1982 through the beginning of 2009, Joan Clay- >> Efforts by business lobbies to shut the courthouse doors to brook led Public Citizen, developing it into a national advo- victims of product defects and medical malpractice were cacy powerhouse protecting the health, safety and democracy thwarted because we repeatedly helped defeat legislation of Americans. to restrict damage awards and countered misinformation Under her direction, Public Citizen helped to make cars from industries trying to evade legal accountability. safer, forced the Food and Drug Administration to remove >> President Nixon’s secret White House tapes were released dangerous drugs from the marketplace and protected con- after more than a decade of litigation, and government sumer access to the U.S. court system. electronic records are now preserved and made public “The best part of Public Citizen is that we tell the truth, because of the work of our tireless lawyers, who have check our facts and press our case without any fear of penalty brought hundreds of public interest lawsuits in federal from the affected industries or politicians because we take district courts and courts of appeal and argued 55 cases in no government or business money,” Claybrook said. “We are the U.S. Supreme Court. funded by our members and foundations that want us to be >> Dangerous drugs and dietary supplements, such as Rezu- unrestricted advocates for the public interest.” lin and ephedra, were removed from the market because At the end of 2008, Joan announced that she would step of our successful petitions. down as president of Public Citizen in January 2009. How- ever, she remains deeply involved with the organization as a Now, Public Citizen is honoring Joan’s contributions to the member of the boards of directors of Public Citizen Inc. and organization — and to the country — with our campaign, Public Citizen Foundation. Advancing the Legacy: The Joan Claybrook Fund. Among Public Citizen’s accomplishments during Joan’s The campaign allows Public Citizen members and sup- tenure: porters to contribute financially and ensure the success of the organization for years to come. >> Air bags are now standard equipment in all The campaign will have several priorities, including program motor vehicles sold in the U.S., as well as development and the “greening” of our headquarters build- worldwide. ing in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. >> Major changes in congressional ethics and lobbying In particular, the campaign will help to provide the resources requirements were adopted in 1995 and 2007 with our necessary for Public Citizen to branch out and serve as a strong intense efforts, including a gift ban, limits on use of cor- advocate for the re-regulation of the financial services industry porate aircraft and expansive reporting requirements. and demand transparency and accountability in all aspects of >> Led by Sens. John McCain (R-Ariz.) and Russell Feingold industry bailouts. (D-Wis.), Congress in 2002 banned soft (unregulated) As part of the campaign, we also will permanently dedicate money, which was often doled out in huge amounts to the our headquarters building as the Joan political parties, and regulated phony “issue ads” in politi- Claybrook Building. cal campaigns. We lobbied hard for enactment of this law For more information about the Joan Claybrook Fund, and later worked to assure it was found to be constitu- contact Chris Helfrich in Public Citizen’s development office at tional by the U.S. Supreme Court. (202) 588-7718 or e-mail him at [email protected]. >> The super-rich were defeated in their attempt to eliminate the estate tax, which would have cost the Treasury a trillion dollars, thanks to Public Citizen’s investigative research into the billionaires secretly behind the repeal effort.

5

Holding Corporations Accountable

The federal government is charged with ensur- For years, we have successfully exposed the ing the safety of our consumer products and harmful impact of money on politics and pushed children’s toys. Sometimes, though, corporations for comprehensive ethics reform for lawmakers that make the products wield too much influ- and lobbyists alike. We also demand an end to ence over the government officials who are taxpayer subsidies to corporations and fight to supposed to regulate them. preserve citizen access to the courts to redress corporate wrongdoing. Corporate executives buy access to lawmak- ers by donating and funneling huge amounts of Not only do we wage this battle on the national money to campaigns via lobbyists and bundlers. front, but we do so in Texas as well. Our Texas What do they expect in return? Influence. Ear- office works to strengthen campaign finance marks. Tax breaks. Corporate-friendly laws. and ethics rules for Texas lawmakers, improve the operations of state government agencies, And in the fine print of their contracts, many and advocate safer products and insurance companies strip consumers and employees of reforms. their right to go to court. For more information, click here. Public Citizen works to end all these types of corporate corruption.

Holding Corporations Accountable 7 The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is charged with setting safety standards for consumer products ranging from toys to power tools. But the agency has been underresourced and overinfluenced by industry. After the CPSC issued a record 473 product recalls in 2007, with many involving children’s toys containing excessive levels of lead, Public Citizen jumped in to advocate major agency reforms. In 2008, Public Citizen was instrumental in making sure that Congress passed these improvements.

8 Public Citizen Efforts Pay Off: Congress Passes Reforms to Make Toys and Other Goods Safer

Throughout 2008, Public Citizen worked behind the pile and continue selling toys containing toxic chemicals as scenes with federal lawmakers to ensure that Congress passed long as they were made before a ban took effect in February the most important consumer product safety legislation in 2009. According to the government, products already in stock three decades. that contained the chemicals could still be sold after the date The Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act makes they became illegal without any public warning. critical reforms to the Consumer Product Safety Commission This was unacceptable. Public Citizen and the Natural (CPSC), which is charged with setting safety standards for toys Resources Defense Council sued the agency in December to and thousands of other consumer products. keep unsafe children’s products off store shelves. (We won the Historically, the agency has been understaffed, underfunded, lawsuit in February 2009.) secretive and overinfluenced by corporate lobbyists. But Public In 2009, Public Citizen will monitor the implementation Citizen worked with a coalition of public interest groups of the reforms. The group also will urge Congress to give to ensure that Congress enacted meaningful product safety the CPSC enough money to do its job and urge the Obama reforms. The reforms we championed will result in major administration to appoint qualified new leadership to carry out improvements. the agency’s mandate. But the story doesn’t end there. In November, the CPSC created a loophole that would have allowed retailers to stock-

Key Product Safety Reforms >> Practically eliminating lead from toys and >> Increasing the maximum possible civil children’s products; penalties for violators of product safety laws from $1.8 million to $15 million; >> Banning toxic phthalates (toxic chemicals) from children’s products; >> Arming state attorneys general with author- ity to enforce product safety laws; and >> Creating a publicly available database so consumers can report and learn about >> Protecting whistleblowers from harassment, hazards posed by unsafe products; firing or any other type of retaliation by their employers for warning the public or the gov- >> Requiring toys and other children’s products ernment about fraud or corruption. to be tested for safety before they are sold;

>> Increasing the agency’s budget to $136 million in fiscal year 2014 (its fiscal 2008 budget was $80 million);

Holding Corporations Accountable 9 Other 2008 Accountability Achievements A better bailout plan Campaign finance reform and Public Citizen and Consumer Watchdog, a California- government ethics based consumer advocacy group, released their “Principles During the 2008 presidential race, we and our allies per- for a Patriotic Bailout Plan” in September. The principles suaded the presidential campaigns to reveal more informa- included, but were not limited to, giving taxpayers an owner- tion about their donors and bundlers and to promise to take ship stake in companies receiving bailout money; limiting steps to reduce the influence of special interests if elected. executive pay; prohibiting bailout recipients from applying Public Citizen also issued a report in August that detailed the for or receiving contracts to manage the government’s newly ways that corporations peddle their influence at the Demo- held assets; prosecuting Wall Street executives who violated cratic and Republican national conventions and, along with existing law; subjecting the financial services industry to new allies, succeeded in shaming members of Congress out of at- regulatory standards; and requiring all Treasury actions to be tending some of the free lobbyist-funded fetes at the conven- subject to ordinary judicial review. We worked with members tions. We also succeeded in persuading lawmakers to intro- of Congress and helped ensure that some of these principles duce bipartisan bills to create public funding of congressional — including judicial review and executive pay — were incor- elections in both the House of Representatives and Senate. porated into the bill. Government officials who serve the Whistleblower rights public interest Public Citizen and other groups brought whistleblower pro- After the presidential election, Public Citizen launched tections to the brink of passage in 2008, and Congress has said www.becoming44.org to monitor the presidential transition, passing whistleblower protections will be a priority in 2009. helping to ensure that new government officials serve the Supporters can add their names to a list at public interest, not special interests. The site broke key news www.whistlebloweraction.org. stories about the transition team and nominees, garnered at- tention from major media outlets and had more than 14,000 unique visitors in its first month.

10 Holding Corporations Accountable Public Citizen attorneys stand outside the U.S. Supreme Court on Feb. 25, 2008. Ensuring Consumer Access to the Courts

Corporations that make dangerous or mislabeled Our attorneys bring cases at all levels of the products sometimes try to prevent Americans federal and state judiciaries and have argued 55 from taking legal action when their products cases before the U.S. Supreme Court. Our attor- cause injury. neys specialize in health and safety regulatory oversight litigation, consumer rights, open gov- Government agencies sometimes refuse to ernment, citizen access to the courts, the First adequately protect the public. And those same Amendment and other constitutional issues. agencies often refuse to release vital public records. For more information, click here.

On these and other fronts, Public Citizen fights back on behalf of citizens.

Ensuring Consumer Access to the Courts 11 Actor Dennis Quaid testifies before a U.S. House of Representatives committee in May about the mistakes that led to his twins being given massive overdoses of an anticoagulant drug. Public Citizen attorney Allison Zieve (right) was one of the attorneys accompanying him.

12 Public Citizen, Dennis Quaid Fight for People’s Right to Seek Justice for Harm

In May 2008, actor Dennis Quaid told a U.S. House of by the misconduct of a drug manufacturer,” Quaid said in Representatives committee about his firsthand experience his testimony. “Others are not so fortunate. If they are de- with a corporation trying to avoid responsibility for serious nied access to our courts, they will have no compensation for errors that led to his twins being given massive overdoses of an their injuries, and society will lose one of the most effective anticoagulant drug. incentives for safer drugs.” In 2007, a series of mistakes led to his then-infant twins In 2008, Public Citizen urged lawmakers to pass a bill that being given adult doses of Heparin, a blood thinner, instead would re-establish the rights of patients who are injured by de- of Hep-Lock, a blood thinner for infants, because the drugs’ fective or inadequately labeled medical devices that obtain full blue labels were confusing and their bottle sizes were similar, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pre-market approval to Quaid told the House Committee on Oversight and Govern- seek compensation for their injuries from the device makers. ment Reform. Baxter Healthcare Corp., the maker of both The bill would overturn a February 2008 Supreme Court rul- drugs, knew about the problem — and, in fact, had changed ing (in a Public Citizen-argued case) that such FDA marketing the labeling on Heparin bottles — but the corporation refused approval shields device makers from liability to patients. to recall bottles with the confusing labels that were already on Quaid’s case made national news, introducing many in the the market. country to the concept of pre-emption. Public Citizen for Quaid, who starred in such films as “The Day After To- years has been successfully fighting corporate efforts to use fed- morrow” and “Any Given Sunday,” and his wife sued Baxter eral approval of products as a shield against lawsuits. Federal because of the inadequate labeling. Public Citizen was part of approval or compliance with federal rules is not comprehensive the Quaids’ legal team, and Public Citizen Litigation Group or could be out of date. The injured citizen should at least be Director Brian Wolfman and attorney Allison Zieve accompa- able to argue the case in court. nied Quaid to the testimony. And in 2009, Public Citizen will focus on pre-emption The drug company claims that the lawsuit should be dis- in food labeling, generic drug cases and auto safety rules, missed because the drug was approved for marketing by the among others. federal government — an argument referred to as “pre-emp- “We anticipate that we will be spending a lot of time in tion.” In recent years, drug and medical device manufacturers 2009 battling corporations over the issue of pre-emption,” have tried to use the pre-emption argument to block lawsuits Wolfman said. “We are fighting — and must continue to fight against them, effectively denying consumers access to justice. — these claims as they arise.” “My family blessedly survived a huge drug error, triggered

Ensuring Consumer Access to the Courts 13 Other 2008 Legal Achievements First Amendment online Auto fraud database Public Citizen, the American Civil Liberties Union of In September, in response to a lawsuit filed by Public Citi- Georgia and Georgia resident Charles Smith won a major zen and two other consumer groups, a federal judge in San victory for online free speech in March, when a federal Francisco ordered the government to implement a database judge in Georgia upheld Smith’s right to criticize Wal-Mart’s that will allow used vehicle buyers to check the validity of a ve- business practices by using satire. Wal-Mart had claimed hicle’s title, mileage and history of theft or damage. The judge that Smith, who has parody Web sites and sells T-shirts and ordered the U.S. Department of Justice to make the National related items criticizing Wal-Mart, was infringing on the Motor Vehicle Title Information System database available to corporation’s trademark. the public by Jan. 30. The government had been stalling on the database for 16 years. Arbitration In 2008, Public Citizen focused on protecting consumers Fast-food calorie labeling from being trapped by the fine print of contracts for phone In April, a federal judge upheld a New York City health service, cable service, bank accounts, credit cards, employment, regulation requiring certain fast-food restaurant chains in the nursing homes and other services. Buried in these contracts are city to post calorie information on their menu boards. The “binding mandatory arbitration” clauses, which require people New York State Restaurant Association had sued the city to try to give up their access to the court system to receive a service. and overturn the regulation, claiming that a federal nutrition In July, Public Citizen released “The Arbitration Debate Trap,” labeling law trumped the city’s regulation and that it violated a report that details the inaccuracies about these clauses being the restaurants’ constitutional right to free speech. Public Citi- spread in papers published or financially supported by the U.S. zen, representing itself and a coalition of consumer and public Chamber of Commerce’s Institute for Legal Reform. We also health groups, filed a friend-of-the-court brief and argued in drove legislation to ban forced arbitration farther than it has support of the regulation. ever gotten in Congress. We’re gearing up to push the bills to passage in this Congress.

14 Ensuring Consumer Access to the Courts Curbing Our Energy Addiction

For too long, the has been We are vocal in calling for higher fuel economy addicted to fossil fuels. standards and for the government to improve mass transit and equip households with the In fact, the country’s energy policies have only tools they need to use energy more efficiently. made us more dependent on oil, gas and coal, particularly because the policies have put corpo- Public Citizen also champions market transpar- rate profits over people. ency and strong consumer protections to ensure that people are not plagued by Enron-style mar- Public Citizen combats this. ket manipulation.

We promote clean, sustainable energy alterna- Finally, we provide energy activists around the tives, such as wind and solar power, through our country with resources they need to secure a efforts in Washington, D.C., and in Texas, where reliable and sustainable energy future. we have an office in Austin. Simultaneously, we work to block new coal and nuclear plants at their earliest stages.

Curbing Our Energy Addiction 15 Public Citizen Pushes for Greener Energy Sources

The fight for clean, sustainable energy sources was at the Our Texas office also spearheaded its ongoing Coal Block forefront of Public Citizen’s work in 2008. campaign, through which we organized citizen opposition to As the year opened, oil prices were heading for record levels new coal-fired power plants, kept the public informed through and prices at the gas pump were skyrocketing. Public Citizen the Web site CoalBlock.org and hosted a movie tour of the was there, testifying before Congress and calling for an end to documentary, “Fighting Goliath: Texas Coal Wars.” government subsidies for the oil industry. Our campaign for energy efficiency and renewable energy Lawmakers listened. In October’s Wall Street bailout bill, sources included calling for more wind farms in Texas and tes- Congress expanded and created new tax credits for fami- tifying in December before Congress about the need to force lies who install solar panels on their homes, improve their automakers to increase the fuel economy of their vehicles. household energy efficiency or buy plug-in hybrid vehicles. Then-Public Citizen President Joan Claybrook told a U.S. Congress also extended a $5.8 billion renewable production House of Representatives committee that a financial bailout of tax credit, which had been scheduled to expire. the auto industry must include binding measures for increased We didn’t just focus on Washington, D.C., though. We also fuel economy and improvements in safety. took our message to Maryland and the Lone Star state, orga- More work remains; although Congress in the October nizing communities against proposed nuclear reactors and coal bailout bill scaled back $7.1 billion in tax breaks for oil com- plants that are heavily subsidized by the U.S. taxpayer. panies, lawmakers partially offset this with a new $900 million In the fight against a proposed nuclear reactor at Maryland’s tax break for the industry. They also approved $1.2 billion Calvert Cliffs nuclear power plant, we joined other groups in in tax breaks for companies that want to build new so-called organizing protests, petitioning the Nuclear Regulatory Com- “clean coal” power plants — even though there is no such mission to halt the project and urging Maryland officials to thing as “clean” coal. impose a construction moratorium on the reactor. In the coming year, Public Citizen will press the new admin- When a scandal broke in the Department of Interior in istration and Congress for sensible energy policies and subsi- 2008, involving the agency that oversees oil industry leases, dies to help consumers, not fossil fuel companies. we were called upon to explain what it meant on Comedy Central’s popular TV show, “The Colbert Report.”

16 Curbing Our Energy Addiction Texas Office Works to Stop Coal Plants, Clean Up School Bus Exhaust

To help reduce toxic emissions and combat climate change, Public Citizen also educated the public about the benefits of Public Citizen’s Texas office worked in 2008 to stop the con- upgrading school buses to filter out some of the toxic emis- struction of new, dirty coal-fired power plants and promote sions coming from the vehicles’ diesel exhaust. The organiza- ways to clean up the exhaust from school buses. tion participated in a press conference in Fort Worth, Texas, in Through the Coal Block campaign, a coalition effort, Public September about the benefits of applying for grants through Citizen set out to tell people about the damage caused by coal- the Texas Clean School Bus Program, which allows schools to fired power plants and educate them about how to take action retrofit their buses with diesel particulate filters or oxidation to stop new plants. Joining Public Citizen in this campaign catalysts. Retrofitted school buses reduced their emissions by were the Texas-based groups Sustainable Energy and Eco- up to 80 percent. nomic Development (SEED) Coalition, Citizens for a Clean In addition, the organization’s advocacy efforts led to the Environment, Sierra Club’s Lone Star Chapter and the Clean implementation of renewable energy and energy efficiency Economy Coalition. measures in Texas. For instance, partially because of Public In summer and fall of 2008, the campaign organized screen- Citizen’s advocacy, Texas has committed to building more than ings of the documentary “Fighting Goliath: Texas Coal Wars” 18,000 megawatts of new transmission lines, which will ensure in Arkansas and Texas. The film follows a group of Texas activ- that the state receives 20 percent of its energy capacity from ists who took on a power company’s plan to build coal-fired renewable energy. plants in the state. The film shows how activist groups (includ- In 2009, Public Citizen’s Texas office will continue oppos- ing Public Citizen’s Texas office) fought against the construc- ing new coal plants while pushing for more renewable energy tion of coal plants. In total, 11 of the 19 coal plant proposals and energy efficiency, and advocating for diesel emissions have been defeated. The film was narrated by Robert Redford reductions. and produced by the Redford Center at the Sundance Preserve and Alpheus Media. For more information, click here.

Curbing Our Energy Addiction 17 Public Citizen Battles Resurging Interest In Nuclear Power

Nuclear power wasn’t a good idea 30 years ago. And it and regulations that prohibit foreign ownership or domination remains a terrible idea today. of a U.S. reactor, that UniStar Nuclear Energy might not have It creates radioactive waste — for which there is no long- the money to decontaminate and decommission the facility, term storage solution. The half-life of high-level nuclear waste that the license application does not consider the effects of is 250,000 years — a costly legacy for future generations. Fur- adding a new reactor’s discharges to the ecologically fragile ther, mining and processing the uranium needed for nuclear Chesapeake Bay and that the company does not have any place energy destroys and contaminates land and water. to put the new radioactive waste. In February and December, Public Citizen is battling the resurging interest in nuclear the groups organized protests outside Constellation Energy’s power at the state and local levels. Public Citizen joined with headquarters. And in 2009, the groups will continue to chal- other groups, including the Maryland-based groups Nuclear lenge this proposal. Information and Resource Service, Beyond Nuclear and the “A new nuclear reactor at Calvert Cliffs is both economically Southern Maryland Citizens’ Alliance for Renewable Solu- and environmentally harmful,” said Allison Fisher, an organiz- tions, to file a petition in November 2008 that attempts to er with Public Citizen’s Energy Program. “We should instead stop a proposed new nuclear reactor from being built at the be focusing our national and local resources on harnessing Calvert Cliffs nuclear power plant in southern Maryland — renewable energy and developing energy efficiency programs.” just 50 miles from the nation’s capital. Public Citizen is fighting on other fronts, too. Baltimore-based Constellation Energy is proposing this The group, along with the Sustainable Energy and Eco- new nuclear reactor in partnership with French power com- nomic Development Coalition, is leading the fight against six pany Electricite de France under the name UniStar Nuclear additional nuclear units proposed at three sites in Texas. Energy. The new reactor, proposed in July 2007, would be located next to the two existing reactors at the Maryland For more information, click here. nuclear power plant. The petition filed by Public Citizen and the other groups said that the Calvert Cliffs project does not comply with laws

18 Curbing Our Energy Addiction Public Citizen: Automakers Must Discontinue Gas-Guzzlers

At the end of 2008, the White House granted the Big Right now, cars are required to achieve a fuel economy of Three domestic automakers a bailout with no accountability, 27.5 miles per gallon, and light trucks (including SUVs) must consumer protections or mandatory fuel economy increases. get 22.2 miles per gallon. While there is no question these companies are in financial The federal government in 2008 proposed increasing the dire straits, for decades they have resisted making significant requirements, but not enough. The proposal would require improvements in vehicle fuel economy — even though it cars to achieve an average of 35.7 miles per gallon by 2015; could help them sell more vehicles and remain competitive. light trucks, an average of 28.6 miles per gallon by 2015. In early December 2008, then-Public Citizen President Automakers in December testimony said they could achieve Joan Claybrook testified before a House of Representatives these numbers by 2012. committee about the need to make sure any taxpayer money They can reach higher standards. Public Citizen supports that goes to the auto industry comes with strings attached — a fuel economy standard of 40 miles per gallon by 2020 for government oversight requiring strict accountability mea- automakers’ combined fleets of passenger vehicles and light sures, fuel economy increases, and environmental and safety trucks, rather than 35 miles per gallon as Congress required. measures. This would improve the domestic industry’s competitive- Although Congress decided not to bail out automakers, the ness, help consumers by allowing them to spend less money at White House did it anyway. the pump and help the country by reducing oil consumption. For years — and throughout 2008 — Public Citizen has The Big Three also should think about expanding manufac- pressed domestic automakers to curtail the manufacture of turing efforts into mass transportation, such as transit and rail huge gas-guzzlers and instead make vehicles that are safer and vehicles, as Claybrook called for in her December testimony have better fuel economy. before the House Select Committee on Energy Independence The organization also pushed Congress and and Global Warming. Department of Transportation regulators to set higher fuel economy requirements, which would reduce our oil depen- For more information, click here. dence and protect against further global warming.

Curbing Our Energy Addiction 19 Protecting Patients When you open your medicine cabinet, you country’s expert, independent second opinion assume the prescription drugs inside are safe. for prescription drug information. Not so fast. To that end, Public Citizen’s health program The country’s drug approval process is broken, works to have unsafe or ineffective drugs and and many drugs that come to market have risks medical devices banned or re-labeled, strives to that outweigh their benefits. Others, found to curb the drug industry’s influence over regula- have risks only after they are approved, are left tors, and educates the public through Worst on the market for dangerously long periods Pills, Best Pills News and WorstPills.org. We also of time. push state medical boards to do a better job dis- ciplining doctors and have successfully sued the Our doctors and analysts research which drugs Occupational Health and Safety Administration should be banned or have stronger warning to set safer worker health standards. labels, which may be harmful when taken with other medications, and which should be used For more information, click here. only in limited circumstances. We serve as the

20 Protecting Patients Public Citizen Pushes FDA to Warn People About the Dangers of Certain Antibiotics

In July 2008 — partly in response to a lawsuit filed by the progression to a tendon rupture can be prevented. The Public Citizen — the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) continuing reports of tendon rupture are evidence that pa- announced that it would finally require its most serious “black tients and their doctors are not aware of this serious problem. box” warning about the risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture In 2006, Public Citizen, in collaboration with the Illinois on all packages of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. attorney general, submitted a second petition for a black box The FDA also said it would require agency-approved medi- warning on fluoroquinolones. cation guides for patients to be distributed with the drugs. Because the agency had not responded by January 2008, This latest development followed years of hard work by Public Citizen sued it, prompting it to require the black box Public Citizen to push the FDA to warn patients and doc- warnings and medication guides. tors about the dangers of using fluoroquinolone antibiotics, But the agency still has not addressed all of the issues which include Cipro, Levaquin and Avelox. As early as 1996, outlined in Public Citizen’s petition. We will continue to keep Public Citizen had petitioned the agency to require companies legal pressure on the FDA until the agency agrees, as request- that make these antibiotics to include a warning in the drug ed in the petition, to send warning letters to doctors about package inserts about the link to tendinitis that can evolve into the drugs’ dangers. tendon rupture if the patient keeps using the drug. “While it is true that the FDA’s black box warning and While the FDA agreed and required a simple warning medication guides are a step in the right direction to properly in October 1996, cases of tendon damage continue to be inform people about the dangers of fluoroquinolones, we are reported; from November 1997 through December 2007, still troubled by the fact that the agency has not seen it neces- 407 cases of tendon rupture and 341 cases of tendinitis were sary to force drug companies to fully warn doctors,” said Dr. reported in patients using fluoroquinolones in the United Sidney Wolfe, acting Public Citizen president and director of States. The actual number may be higher, because only a the Health Research Group at Public Citizen. “We will press small fraction of side effects are reported to the FDA. forward to make sure the agency does everything in its power In most, if not all, cases of tendinitis, if the patient and to protect people from harm.” the doctor are aware of this side effect, the patient can be switched to an antibiotic that does not cause tendinitis, and

Protecting Patients 21 Other 2008 Health and Safety Achievements

Avandia Vehicle roof strength In October, Public Citizen petitioned the Food and Drug In September, Public Citizen, the , and Administration (FDA) to immediately ban the Type 2 diabetes the Center for Injury Research released a comparison, spon- drug Avandia because it can cause death from liver failure and sored by the Santos Family Foundation, showing that six ve- has other life-threatening risks that outweigh its benefits. Pub- hicles that met the federal government’s roof strength standard lic Citizen identified 14 cases of Avandia-induced liver failure, did far worse when subjected to a real-world test that puts the including 12 deaths. The organization had previously warned vehicles and crash-test dummies through an actual rollover. people to avoid taking Avandia because it increases the risk The study underscores the need for the NHTSA to adopt a of heart attack by about 40 percent, doubles the risk of heart similar real-world roof strength test for passenger vehicles and failure and bone fractures, and increases the risk of anemia and light trucks. Currently, roof strength is measured by press- vision loss from macular edema (swelling of the retina caused ing on a stationary, upright vehicle roof. This disregards what by fluids accumulating in the eye). happens to passengers during a rollover, as well as a rolling vehicle’s ability to withstand crash forces. Darvon In June, Public Citizen sued the FDA for failing to act on Ortho-Evra patch the organization’s 2006 petition to withdraw the painkiller Public Citizen began a campaign in May to pressure the FDA Darvon (propoxyphene) and all propoxyphene-containing to remove the Ortho-Evra contraceptive patch from the mar- drugs, such as Darvocet, from the U.S. market. According to ket. The organization filed a petition urging the agency to ban Public Citizen, the drug is physically and psychologically ad- the patch because it exposes women to dangerously high levels dictive and no more effective than alternatives such as Tylenol. of estrogen — posing a possible two-fold increase in the risk The lawsuit is ongoing, but two FDA advisory committees of blood clots — with no evidence of additional effectiveness have recommended that the agency should pull propoxyphene compared to birth control pills. Public Citizen also launched from the market. www.NotMyPatch.org, which explains the risks of the patch, has a link to the petition and provides a place for people to send a Vehicle crash and defect information messsage to the FDA. Because of Public Citizen’s efforts, in 2008, the federal government began making public crash and defect informa- Botulinum toxin tion that auto and tire makers submit to the government. The In January, Public Citizen asked the FDA to require drug National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) manufacturers to send warning letters telling doctors about made this “early warning” information available on the agency’s the problems — including hospitalizations and deaths — that www.SaferCar.gov Web site in September. Automakers have result from the spread of botulinum toxin (Botox and Myo- been submitting this data on deaths, injuries, damage claims bloc) from the site of injection to other parts of the body. and possible defects since 2003, but NHTSA kept it secret — Public Citizen also asked for the agency’s most serious “black in violation of the law. box” warning to be included in the product labeling and for Public Citizen was instrumental in pushing Congress in a mandatory FDA-approved medication guide for Botox and the 2000 Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability Myobloc for doctors to give their patients when the drug is and Documentation Act, or TREAD Act, to require reporting injected. of early warning data after the NHTSA failed to identify the defects in the Firestone tire/Ford Explorer rollover.

22 Protecting Patients Fighting for Justice in the Global Economy

Public Citizen recognized early on that the Having built unique substantive capacity and World Trade Organization (WTO) and the North diverse contacts with other public interest orga- American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) were nizations, the press and policymakers here and not mainly about trade, but rather were un- abroad, we have become a leader in promoting a democratic global delivery mechanisms for an public interest perspective on an array of glo- extreme corporate deregulation agenda. Public balization issues, including implications for our Citizen fights against proposed expansions of food, health, safety, environmental protection, NAFTA to other countries and enlargement of economic justice and democratic, accountable the WTO, both of which promote the offshoring governance. of U.S. jobs and expose domestic health and environmental laws to attack in foreign tribu- For more information, click here. nals. We are leading the effort to replace this failed model.

Fighting for Justice in the Global Economy 23 James Ploeser, senior organizer with Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch division, leads a protest on Sept. 19 in Washington, D.C., denouncing the proposed Colombia Free Trade Agreement, which would expand the North American Free Trade Agreement.

24 Public Citizen Works for a More Democratic Globalization and Trade Model

In 2008, Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch division fo- D.C., to coincide with a visit by Colombian President Álvaro cused on raising the profile of trade issues in the elections, halt- Uribe. More than 100 human rights, Afro-Colombian, labor ing the expansion of the World Trade Organization (WTO), rights and other advocates participated. blocking President Bush’s proposed expansions of the North Also in 2008, Public Citizen published a comprehensive American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and working with report about the rise of trade issues in the fall elections. More coalition partners and Congress to promote a more socially than 140 paid TV ads were run calling for new, fair trade poli- just, environmentally sustainable and democratic American cies; 35 lawmakers who ran on a fair trade agenda were elected globalization and trade model. to replace supporters of the failed trade model. The program group was successful on all fronts. In April, Starting in June, Public Citizen launched a campaign in favor the Colombia NAFTA expansion pact was put on hold when of a better U.S. trade model that focused on promoting the House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi called a vote Trade Reform, Accountability, Development and Employment to remove the agreement from a “fast track” mandatory vote (TRADE) Act. timeline. Similar free trade agreements with Panama and Korea This legislation, introduced by Sen. Sherrod Brown (D- also were sidelined. Ohio) and Rep. Michael Michaud (D-Maine), requires a review The problem? The deals include the most egregious provisions and renegotiation of existing trade pacts and sets forth criteria of NAFTA that promote the offshoring of U.S. jobs and expose for future pacts. The bill, which will be re-introduced in the domestic health and environmental laws to attack in foreign new Congress, is supported by a broad array of labor, consum- tribunals. In addition, the Colombia and Panama agreements er, environmental and other groups. contain agriculture rules that will devastate hundreds of thou- “The TRADE Act is exciting because it reveals a way forward sands of subsistence farmers, making them poorer and under- to a new trade and globalization agenda that could benefit mining U.S. security interests in the region. more Americans,” said Lori Wallach, director of Public Citizen’s Other problems exist. Panama — which has refused to sign a Global Trade Watch division. “It shifts the debate toward future tax treaty with the U.S. and maintains extremely murky bank- consensus about what we are for, rather than focusing on op- ing laws — is a main venue for money laundering and for run- position to the current model.” away corporations seeking to dodge U.S. taxes. Colombia has a horrifying record of human rights abuses, prompting Public Citizen to help organize a protest in September in Washington,

Fighting for Justice in the Global Economy 25 Other 2008 Trade Achievements

Stopping WTO expansion ‘Battle in Seattle’ Public Citizen, through its Global Trade Watch division, We promoted “Battle in Seattle,” a dramatic feature film continued to work to stop a proposed expansion of the World directed by Stuart Townsend featuring Oscar-winner Charlize Trade Organization (WTO). The latest round of expansion Theron, Woody Harrelson, André Benjamin and other stars talks, known as the Doha Round, collapsed in July and then about the collapse of the 1999 WTO Ministerial in Seattle. again in December. Strong public opposition to expanding Public Citizen helped to organize the Seattle protests against WTO scope and authority existed in many poor and rich na- the WTO, thereby elevating awareness of the problems caused tions alike after more than a decade of experience of the WTO’s by the agency. Nearly a decade later, we mobilized people to damaging outcomes. Established in 1995, this powerful global see the movie when it opened in select cities. The compelling commerce agency functions principally to impose on nations film tells the stories of a dozen fictional characters over those deregulation and other policies that benefit transnational corpo- five days in Seattle. rations at the expense of national and local economies; workers, farmers and small businesses; health and safety; the environ- Books ment; and the principle and practice of democracy. Although Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch division published two the model of extreme deregulation and corporate globalization books, “Federalism and Global Governance” and “The Rise that the WTO implements has been widely discredited by the and Fall of Fast Track Trade Authority.” The first is an interna- global financial and economic crises, large corporations and the tional comparative analysis of trade agreement negotiation and Bush administration pushed for its expansion. approval mechanisms. The second tells the story of the trade negotiation and approval process from 1789 to present in five acts — each representing a distinct regime of how Congress and the executive branch coordinated their trade policy roles.

26 Fighting for Justice in the Global Economy Financials Sources of income ■ Individual Donations $ 6,075,842 ■ Publications and Subscriptions 2,441,457 ■ Grants 2,085,356 ■ Program Income 367,931 ■ Rental Income* 296,717 ■ Other 10,215 Income from investments (153,657) Total Revenue and Support $ 11,123,861

Uses of income ■ Programs $ 6,959,991 ■ Publications 2,403,481 Support Services ■ General and Administrative 1,349,470 ■ Development 890,787 Total Support Services 2,240,257 Total Expenses $ 11,603,729 Change in net assets† (479,868)

* Net of Operating Expenses. † In accordance with Statement of Financial Standards No. 116, Accounting for Contributions Received and Con- tributions Made, Public Citizen is required to record all grants and contributions in the current fiscal year even if the monies have not been re- ceived or related expenses have not been expended. As of Sept. 30, 2008, Public Citizen had temporarily restricted net assets of $2,254,147, which represent restricted grants and contributions whose donor-stipulated time or purpose restriction has not been accomplished. Several of the net assets included in this amount are intended to be expended over several subsequent years.

LEADERSHIP GIVING In fiscal year 2008, Public Citizen introduced the Torchbearers, our leadership giving society for supporters contributing $1,000 or more annually. Their contributions to the annual fund and their support for specific programs were instrumental to our success in 2008 and helped lay the foundation for 2009. We are enormously grateful for their dedicated support.

Contribution Concentration Leadership Longevity President’s Circle ($50,000 +) 102 Leadership Supporters 4 members, $237,000 20 + years

Director’s Circle ($10,000-$49,999) 189 Leadership Supporters 22 members, $375,100 10-20 years

Leadership Circle ($1,000-$9,999) 220 Leadership Supporters 283 members, $635,717 0-10 years

27 Thanking Our Leaders

For more than 35 years, Public Citizen has been fighting for consumers in every branch of government. We are proud to recognize the leadership of the following members and foundations who help make our work possible.

Support for fiscal year 2008 Lowell Blankfort Richard & Marcela Faidley (Oct. 1, 2007 - Sept. 30, 2008) Dr. Jack Block Thomas Fortune Fay Elspeth G. Bobbs Sylvan Feldstein President’s Circle David Wm. Boone Portia N. Flewellen Anonymous Raymond Boucher Wilmer Fong Fred Baron and Lisa Blue Christian & Anne Boussert Ronald & Mary Forthofer Joseph W. Cotchett Stephen & Susan Boyd Dr. Curtiss Frank Stephen Silberstein Andrew W. Brainerd Ivor & Barbara Freeman Sol & Bella Tanenbaum Thomas J. Brandi Jeffrey Fried Alan R. Brayton Alan Fuchsberg Director’s Circle David & Kay J. Brennan Nancy H. Fullam Anonymous Bruce and Norah Broillet Marie Lee Gaillard Jason B. Adkins Dr. Nancy L. Bucher Glenn A. Garland Peter Angelos Russell Budd William A. Gaylord Jeffrey M. Goldberg Judith Buechner Joseph Gerbhardt J. Gary Gwilliam Jeffrey & Deanna Burns Pamela Gilbert Richard G. Halpern Elizabeth J. Cabraser Rhoda R. Gilman William & Renee Harrell Paul D. Carrington Dan Girard Keith Hebeisen Scott Carruthers Thomas Girardi Howard & Stella Heffron Sylvia D. Cart Carol Gold Wayne Hogan Ann S. Carton David & Sherry Gold Dr. Neil A. Holtzman & Dr. Barbara Starfield Andee Chamberlain Theodore Goldberg James F. Humphreys Brian Chase Harry Goldman Robert L. Jennings Jr. & Barbara H. Bott Nancy Chasen and Don Spero Joan E. Granlund George and Edwynne Krumme Mark Chavez and Nancy Washburn Henry Greenspan John Langan & Ms. Judith Nadell Polly Cherner Xan Gregg Richard Mazess Robert Conason Stanley M. Grossman Michael Meadors & Karen Dudnikov Roxanne Barton Conlin H. David Grunbaum Jack and Lovell Olender Philip Corboy and Mary Dempsey Renée Haas Edward Ricci and Mary Lupo Robert M. Cordova Patrick J. Hagerty Robert F. Spohrer Elmer C. & Deborah P. Cowley Anne Hammond Tab Turner Asho I. Craine Hildegarde K. Hannum Joel O. Wooten Jr. William M. Crosby Robert & Stephanie Harris Harry G. Deitzler Leo & Cynthia Harris Leadership Circle John D. Diffenbaugh Anne Hartnett Anonymous Berry Dilley Steven Heimberg Eric & Julia Abramson Candida M. Dixon John Michael Hershey Wylie & Elizabeth Aitken Vincent Domanski Arthur & Gwen Hiller Harold & Sylvia Allen Lawrence E. Drivon Judith Randal Hines Annie S. Amaral Ellen Drost Dan Hodes Edward & Dorothy Anderson Julia Duane Marvin & Betty Hoffenberg David Arpi & Natalie Gubb Michael Duffy Sidney Hollander John B. Ashe Patricia A. Eagan Thomas & Evelyn Hunt Elaine Attias Carmen A. Eanni Emile W. Jacques Jr. Michael Baum Marion Edey Alan K. & Cledith M. Jennings Jere Beasley Ruth E. Eisenberg Steve Baughman Jensen Daniel F. Becker & Martha A. Toll Henry & Nancy Elghanayan Arthur & Anita Johnson Douglas E. Bell Emmons & Elizabeth Ellis David B. Jones John and Dee Dee Bell Arnold Ellison Patricia A. Karnes Joseph & Marjorie Belth Michael & Catherine Ernst Lisa Kasel Rudolf A.H. Bergmann Stuart Esner Stephen Kastl Alan & Susan Berlow Edith Everett Steve Kazan

28 Thanking Our Leaders Anne McGinness Kearse John D. & Mary Moore Reeves James H. Worth James H. Kendall Patrick Regan Michael Yessik & Christine Doyle David & Frances Korten Danel & Sophie Reiber Faith Young Richard & June Kramer Paul & Joyce Rheingold Stuart & Janet Kritzer Donald & Shirley Rice Partners Nobuko O. Kuhn Nelson Roach Anonymous Edward Labaton Esq. Catherine Rodriguez Carol Adler Helen P. Ladd Lee Rohn Wilton J. Aebersold Kurt & Gladys Lang Brent M. Rosenthal Aida M. Armaly Anita Suzanne Lanier Phil & Monica Rosenthal Richard H. Barsanti Michael & Penny Lemov Timothy J. Ryan Michel Baumeister Theodore Leopold Susan Vogel Saladoff Kelley Berg Bill Levin & Ms. Laurel Simes Dorothy Salant Allan W. Bernat Joan D. Levin Steven Sanders Sybil Bernstein Aaron M. Levine Margaret E. Saunders William C. Besselievre Eleanor Lewart Robert F. Schumann William & Ilene Birge Michael Lewis Ross & Judith Screaton Gregory Bobrowicz Salvador A. Liccardo Christian D. Searcy Gertrude Bock Kenneth & Sandra Ward Lyles Marc Seltzer Sheldon V. & Margaret Burman Brian Magaña Nicole Shampaine Ray H. Burton Mike Maher Edward & Helen Shanbrom Betty A. Butterbaugh Patrick A. Malone Thomas G. Shapiro Alan L. Carlson Judith C. Malott Stephen A. Sheller James & Martha Chambers John B. Marks Will Siegfried & Susan Powers Edward Cohen & Charlene Barshefsky Marvin W. Masters Steve Skrovan & Shelley Powsner Lucio S. Chiaraviglio Thomas J. Methvin Todd A. Smith Susan Clark Lisa Mezzetti Meredith P. Smith John L. Cleveland Jr. Wilma S. Mills Gerson H. Smoger Gerald L. & Judy Clore Morton & Anita Mintz James G. Sokolove Guy Coheleach John A. Montevideo Christine D. Spagnoli Stanley & Esther Cohen James & Mary Morse Viola M. Spalding Steven Cohn Kenneth F. Mountcastle Jr. Girardeau A. Spann Bruce Conner Thomas J. Murray Tara Stevens Phillip & Ann Corin Barry Nace Frances W. Stevenson Wendell L. Covalt Anthony Navarro George & Glenna Stewart Barbara Crowley Michael Nimkoff Mike Stoller and Corky Hale Dianne Curran Jean Nunes Sherwin Stone Richard A. Debs Valerie O’Brian Paul Stritmatter Jeffrey L. Dennis Gregory O’Kelly James Sturdevant David M. Dressler Joseph Page & Martha Gil-Montero Michael Thornton Leo A. & Kay Drey Robert Palmer Ralph D. Tornberg Dr. Robin Eastman-Abaya Brian J. Panish Richard J. Townzen Allen Eaton Michelle A. Parfitt William Trine Robert & Helen Edelman Philip Y. Paterson Marvin & Freda Van Houten Charles Eldridge Jerry Neil Paul J. Michael Vaughan J. Kent Emison Eugene I. Pavalon Donald B. Verrilli Jr. Bruce G. Fagel Mark W. Perley S. Chandler Visher Joanne S. Faulkner Peter Perlman Mona Lisa Wallace Robert L. Flippin Charlotte Perret Ted Warshafsky Thomas & Nancy Florsheim David Perry Sanford Waxer Cline W. Frasier Kathleen Flynn Peterson Dr. J. Dix Wayman Lynn Friedman Frank & Helene Pierson Alan & Nancy Weiner Amanda Hunnewell Frost Frank M. Pitre Nancy P. Wendell O. Fayrell Furr, Jr. & Karole K. Jensen Michael Piuze Kim & Kathleen Wennesland Orman & Richelle Gaspar Stephen & Lucila Plank Steven & Diane Williams Mary J. Geissman Herbert H. Plever Wayne & Marsha Williams Jerry & Mary Gerrity Leslie Fay Pomerantz Ben Winkes Nancy Gibbs Helen Posey F. R. Wollaeger Sarah B. Glickenhaus Frederic & Maria Ragucci Rawson & Elizabeth Wood Aviv Goldsmith Doris E. Reed Council Wooten Jr. Dr. Roberta Goldstein

Thanking Our Leaders 29 Ruth R. Gray Joseph C. Meyer James L. Washington Dorothy Green Nicola Moscufo Elliot Wax Dr. Jerry A. Greenwald Franklin W. & Joan Neff Dr. Gordon C. Weir Lee & Lulu Grodzins Alexander Nerska Lois Whitman Robert S. Hagge Thomas & Jill Newhouse Wayne Willoughby Robert & Sally T. Hall Margaret R. Nielsen Dr. Garen Wintemute David Halperin Kay Nosler Barbara A. Zeluck Neal & Olivia Hansen Stuart A. Ollanik & Wendy Block William K. & Barbara Harris Mark Palermo Foundations Daryl Hartshorne Gary M. Paul Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Leroy Heck Albert M. Pearson III Argosy Foundation Todd Heyman Prudence Perry Braeside Foundation William B. Hillig Marjorie E. Plant Chicago-Kent College of Law Gerald I. Holtz Miriam Pollet CS Fund/Warsh-Mott Legacy Rose Hope Dr. William W. Pope Educational Foundation of America Billie F. Houghton John & Elinor Rees Energy Foundation Marie Houteff Randolph E. Richardson Ford Foundation Jay Ittleson Salvatore & Corinne Romano Grassroots International Valerie Jablow Beth Roraback Marin Community Foundation William Jackson John B. & Mary Ross Maryland Public Interest Wade C. Johnson Janice B. Rubel Research Foundation Milnor & Miriam C. Jones David & Catharine Rush Moriah Fund Harold L. Kajellen Mary M. Russell Park Foundation Henry Kaplan Peter M. & Judith Sager The Pittsburgh Foundation Bernard Kastin Peter J. Sarda Public Campaign Phyllis Kerdasha Sharin Sarfaty Rockefeller Brothers Fund Charles L. Kerstein Chris Schoeneman Solidago Foundation Catherine M. Key Sara J. Schuett Ted and Rita Williams Foundation Richard & Carol Klinkner Steven J. Schwartzapfel Wallace Global Fund Andreas Koeller James Scofield Henry P. Kologe David Scott Bequests Karen Kraut Ann Seeler We acknowledge with deep gratitude Douglas Kruse Martin H. Shuler those annuitants who have made gifts Amy L. Kummerow Jerry Silbert that will ensure the continuation of Public John Laliberte George T. & Sheryl Sinas Citizen’s work for future generations. Lorene S. Lamb Sisters of Charity Nazareth Chuck Lapine Donald Slavik Anonymous Donald Lateiner Dwight Smith Whitfield Cobb William S. Lee Jeremy Ian Smith Emma Cushman Thomas Lehrer Dick & Greta Smolowe Eugene Foster Charles & Carol Leiwant Stan & Judith Sorscher David Glixon A.R. Nancy Levine John M. Spencer E. Singer Haber Ross B. Levinsky M. Greg Stathakis John Hummel Seymour Z. Lewin Mary E. Stinski Rose Jacobs Eric Lewis Dr. Fred Strauss Leona Mancher Lawrence Lewis Gilbert & Susan Tauck Mabel Marcotte Victor Lindner William E. Taylor Leo Mazur Dr. Edward Lisberg Ailene S. Taylor Adele Nussbaum Ruth Lubic Sandy Wehling Tedrick James Shawley Edgar Lyngholm Peter D. Thompson Lynne Silverton Vincent G. & Judith Macaluso Murray Tobak Adele Tobin Robert Maitino Margaret E. Truman Budd Turchin Michael J. Mandelbrot Bettye H. Turitto Marjorie Viemeister Dr. Steven Maron Elsie P. Van Buren Marshall E. Matteson Robert Van Ry William & Gail Mattsson Craig Vandergrift Cathleen M. McGarity William Walker Micky McKinley Lawrence Wallin M. S. Meltzer Betty J. Walters William H. Meurer Robert G. Warrington

30 Thanking Our Leaders From Our Members

“They are unafraid to speak truth to power — no matter who’s in power. That kind of fearlessness is much too rare, even among public interest groups.” — Robert Shull

“My eyes are recently becoming open to what needs to be done to make our amazing country an even brighter beacon, one that lives up to its full potential. The fact that there are people like you who have been holding it down, fighting the good fight all this time, inspires me to believe in being the change I wish to see. I don’t know if my role will ever be the kind of role you play, but I will continue to educate myself and others. I will continue to offer you a part of my meager funds. I know that it is all connected, but I also know how needed people playing your role are. Thank you from the bottom of my heart.” — Airica Parker

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