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Annual Report 2012–13

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Annual Report 2012–13 Annual Report 2012–13 National Institute of Malaria Research (Indian Council of Medical Research) Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi-110 077 Tel: 91-11-25307103, 25307104; Fax: 91-11-25307111 E-mail: [email protected]; Website: www.mrcindia.org This document is for restricted circulation only. No part of this document should be quoted or reproduced in any form without the prior permission of the Director, National Institute of Malaria Research (Indian Council of Medical Research), Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi–110 077. Published by the Director, on behalf of National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi–110 077; Typeset and designed at M/s. Xpedite Computer Systems, 201, 3rd Floor, Patel House, Ranjit Nagar Commercial Complex, New Delhi–110 008 and printed at M/s. Royal Offset Printers, A-89/1, Phase-I, Naraina Industrial Area, New Delhi–110 028. Contents Preface v Executive Summary vii 1. Vector Biology and Control 1 2. Parasite Biology 26 3. Epidemiology 37 4. Clinical Research 42 5. Highlights of Research Activities under IDVC Project 48 6. Research Support Facilities 52 7. Inter-Institutional Collaboration 55 8. Human Resource Development 57 9. Research Papers Published 58 10. Other Activities 62 11. laLFkku esa jktHkk"kk fodkl laca/h xfrfof/;k¡ 69 12. Committees of the Institute 71 13. Scientific Staff of the Institute 76 Preface I am delighted in presenting the Annual Report of the National Institute of Malaria Research for the year 2012–13. During the reported year, the work on Quality Assurance of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests in India in collaboration with National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme and to study the Safety and Efficacy of Artesunate + Mefloquine and Artesunate + Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine for the treatment of falciparum malaria in pregnancy was carried out. Studies on parasite biology on aspartic protease are inhibited by NOS donors and activators. This activity may provide a new approach for the mechanism of killing malaria parasites. The Centre for the Study of Complex Malaria was established at NIMR in collaboration with New York University and Pennsylvania State University, with the National Institute of Health, USA. The project for the Development of plant-based immersion oil for microscopy in collaboration with Forest Research Institute, Dehradun and Development of botanical insecticide formulation of essential oils extracted from Lantana camara and Valeriana jatamansii and Psoralea corylifolia for the control of mosquitoes with Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur (Asom) is undergoing. Assessment of the effectiveness of intensive intervention measures on malaria control programme in the tribal district, Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh in collaboration with Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribals, Jabalpur is being conducted. Standardization of molecular and biochemical techniques for characterization of resistance has been initiated and the study is in progress. The strain of Anopheles stephensi was sequenced by using voltage-gated sodium channel. Overall emphasis is being laid on research projects with operational and translational approach. The Institute had received extramural grants from various national and international agencies like National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, MMV, Geneva, Michigan University (USA), Institut Pasteur, Paris and State Governments of Rajasthan and Gujarat, etc. On the request of NDMC/MCD, Delhi, NIMR undertook Entomological surveillance for Aedes and the breeding habitats mapped. The work on Health Impact Assessment of Narmada Basin Dam and rehabilitation of colonies was undertaken at Jabalpur, Bhopal and Narmada Nagar, and Sardar Sarovar project areas of Narmada canal in Rajasthan. The activities were continued for providing support to the programme. The Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, published by the Institute got an impact factor of 1.04 for the reported year. NIMR organised a workshop on Comprehensive Case Management in Odisha. The outcome of the project is very significant in terms of demonstrating reduction in malaria with management using usual resources with better supervision. The Institute continued the activities of human resource development by imparting trainings to various health personnel, district programme officers, VBD consultants, laboratory technicians, guiding research scholars, and M.Sc. students etc. I take this opportunity to thank all the scientists and staff for their valuable support in all the activities. We are also grateful to the Secretary, Department of Health Research and the Director General, Indian Council of Medical Research for his continued support and encouragement. I also thank the Annual Report Committee, and the Publication Division of NIMR for bringing out this report. Neena Valecha Director Executive Summary Vector Biology & Control known protein databases, while another ● Studies on ecological succession of anophe- 13% sequences showed homology to the lines in north-eastern states reported the conserved hypothetical proteins of unknown prevalence of Anopheles fluviatilis, An. vagus, function. Remaining 43% sequences were An. subpictus, An. nigerrimus and An. nivipes completely unmatched and categorized as in Chandel district of Manipur, and An. unknown sequences. Through annotation of subpictus, An. kochi, An. jamesii, An. d’thali the An. culicifacies salivary transcriptome and An. nivipes in Imphal East district of data, we not only identified/characterized Manipur for the first time. In Sikkim (East, previously described salivary-specific West, North & South Sikkim districts), the transcripts, like salivary peroxidase but also previously reported species, namely An. identified other new putative transcripts. vagus, An. culicifacies and An. maculatus Additionally, through BLAST analysis against were still prevalent and could be collected in insect immunoDB, we predicted 98 transcripts the present survey. The species which were encoding putative innate immune proteins; recorded for the first time in East, West, North majority of them belonging to CLIP domain and South Sikkim were An. pseudowillmori serine proteases, PGRP, FREPs, autophagy, and An. nigerrimus. AMPs members (including isoforms), etc. ● Information generated on the distribution and ● Characterization of salivary proteins in An. biological attributes (in terms of resting and stephensi (sensitive) using 1D electrophoresis feeding behaviour, response to insecticides and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and malaria transmission potential) of the (LC/MS/MS) and bioinformatics analysis, members of Fluviatilis-Minimus group in showed 37 known salivary proteins and 124 malaria endemic tribal districts of India novel proteins. LC/MS/MS analysis showed including north-eastern states to delineate the that majority of salivary proteins belong to areas that are primarily under the influence categories of signal transduction, regulation of Fluviatilis and Minimus complexes. of blood coagulation cascade, various energy Observations revealed that species S of pathways, feeding, intracellular trafficking and Fluviatilis Complex has limited distribution transport, immune properties, etc. confined to hilly and foothill forest areas in ● Mosquito adulticidal and larvicidal efficacies the states of Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Andhra of Imidacloprid, a nicotinoid were tested Pradesh. In contrast, species T was found against different strains of mosquitoes. The widely distributed. In north-eastern region, order of adulticidal efficacy of imidacloprid only An. minimus sensu stricto (formerly (LC50) against three species of mosquitoes was species A) of Minimus Complex was found Cx. quinquefasciatus < Aedes aegypti < An. prevalent and An. harrisoni (Minimus C) was stephensi. The LC50 recorded in case of DDT- not encountered. malathion-deltamethrin resistant An. stephensi ● Transcriptome analysis of mosquito salivary was ~7 fold lesser than that of the DDT- glands of An. culicifacies against NR and malathion-deltamethrin susceptible strains. other PDB databases, viz. GO, SMART, KEEG, The results also indicate that the adulticidal and PFAM showed 44% homology with the efficacy of imidacloprid was more NIMR Annual Report 2012–13 vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY pronounced in insecticide resistant strains than Indian P. falciparum isolates was reported, the susceptible strains. The larvicidal efficacy however, the genetic repertoire from of imidacloprid was in the order of An. complicated cases was less diverse. The high stephensi < Cx. quinquefasciatus < Ae. degree of stevor diversity has important aegypti. Insecticide resistant strains showed implications for designing effective anti- lower LC50 values than the susceptible strains. malaria control measures. ● Monitoring of insecticide resistance in 13 ● Successful genotyping of 18 isolates for Pv- states, including 7 NE-states comprising of mdr1 revealed the mutant M958Y976L1076 as about 156 districts showed widespread the dominant haplotype (n = 17; 94.4%) and resistance An. culicifacies to DDT in all the M958Y976F1076 as the minor haplotype (n = 1; above states. The species was found resistant 5.6%) in Chennai. to malathion and deltamethrin in Andhra ● Population genetic analysis of CQ resistance Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, while in other states in P. falciparum from north-eastern states and it was mostly tolerant. Anopheles fluviatilis, south-west India showed a large genetic break was found resistant to DDT in Chhattisgarh, between the chloroquine resistant parasites of tolerant/resistant
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