Heliborne Geophysical Investigations (CSIR-NGRI)

Benzene Recovery Unit (BRU) at RIL, Jamnagar (CSIR-IIP)

Lab Scale Autoclave (CSIR-NAL)

Krishi Shakti Tractor (CSIR-CMERI) CSIR ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE

Society President: Prime Minister Vice President: Minister of Science & Technology

Governing Body

Advisory Director Performance Board General Appraisal Boards

CSIR HQ.

Management Laboratories (38) Research Council Head: Director Council

CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 Resource Base and Performance Indicators 17 1.0 S&T CONTRIBUTIONS 1.1 Biological Sciences 23 1.2 Chemical Sciences 47 1.3 Engineering Sciences 64 1.4 Information Sciences 95 1.5 Physical Sciences 98 1.6 CSIR-800 112 2.0 CENTRAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES 2.1 Governing Body 119 2.2 CSIR Foundation Day 120 2.3 Conferring various Prestigious Awards 123 3.0 HEADQUARTERS ACTIVITIES 3.1 Planning and Performance Division (PPD) 131 3.2 Human Resource Development Group (HRDG) 135 3.3 Open Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) 138 3.4 International S&T Affairs Directorate (ISTAD) 139 3.5 Recruitment and Assessment Board (RAB) 142 3.6 Human Resource Development Centre (HRDC) 143 3.7 Unit for Science Dissemination (USD) 144 3.8 Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) 145 3.9 Innovation Protection Unit (IPU) 147 4.0 DATELINE 151 ANNEXURES I Awards / Recognitions 157 II Human Resource Development 160 III CSIR Patent Applications Filed and Patents Granted 165 IIIA Foreign Patents Granted 166 IV Area-wise Research Publications 216 V Members of CSIR Society (including Members of CSIR Governing Body) 230 VI CSIR Foundation Day Lecture by Prof. Man Mohan Sharma 234 VII CAG Report 238 VIII List of Approved projects 240

Executive Summary

1.0 Background 1.1 The Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), known for its cutting edge R&D knowledge base in diverse S&T areas, is a contemporary R&D organization. Having pan-India presence, CSIR has a vibrant network of 38 national laboratories, 39 outreach centres, 3 Innovation Complexes and 5 units. CSIR’s R&D expertise and experience is embodied in about 4000 active scientists supported by about 8000 scientific and technical personnel. 1.2 CSIR covers a wide spectrum of science and technology – from radio and space physics, oceanography, earth sciences, geophysics, chemicals, drugs, genomics, biotechnology and nano technology to mining, aeronautics, instrumentation, environmental engineering and information technology. It provides significant technological intervention in many areas with regard to societal efforts which include environment, health, drinking water, food, housing, energy, leather, farm and non-farm sectors. 1.3 CSIR is the Nation’s custodian for Measurement Standards of Mass, Distance, Time, Temperature, Current etc. CSIR has created and is the custodian of Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) which is a powerful weapon against unethical commercial exploitation of Indian traditional knowledge. CSIR maintains Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC) and Gene Bank. 1.4 Pioneer of India’s intellectual property movement, CSIR today is strengthening its patent portfolio to carve out global niches for the country in select technology domains. 1.5 CSIR has pursued cutting edge science and advanced knowledge frontiers. During 2013 CSIR published 5086 papers in SCI journals with average impact factor per paper as 2.86. 1.6 CSIR’s role in S&T human resource development is noteworthy. It nurtures Research Scholars supporting them through fellowships namely Junior Research Fellowships (JRFs), Senior Research Fellowships (SRFs), Research Associates etc. It also provides Extra Mural Research Funding to Publicly Funded institutions. 1.7 CSIR has operationalized desired mechanisms to boost entrepreneurship, which could lead to enhanced creation and commercialization of radical and disruptive innovations, underpinning the development of new economic sectors. 2.0 The Performance- A Summary CSIR recognizing that inclusive innovation in the country would be the way for achieving socio-economic growth and competitive advantage globally has facilitated the national endeavour of achieving faster and inclusive growth by undertaking R&D programmes that focus on innovation. The CSIR has thus been providing the S&T knowledge base needed for the benefit of the Nation, its industries, including MSMEs and the common people. The efforts are focused at bringing in desired S&T interventions for enhancing the socio-economic development while improving the quality of life, removing drudgery and augmenting income of the people. The projects undertaken by CSIR have been contributing to the generation of valuable knowledge base and S&T interventions with immense value and potential to create a niche for the country. During the year, CSIR’s performance was very imposing. The report has encapsulated significant accomplishments along with most notable activities taken up by the Council which are structured in chapters 1, 2 and 3. Following paragraphs highlights some most cogent achievements. 2.1 CSIR’s Global Positioning CSIR today is globally benchmarked organization. According to the Scimago Institutions ranking World Report 2014, CSIR is ranked at 84th among 4851 institutions world-wide and is the only Indian Organization among the top 100 global institutions. CSIR holds 17th rank in Asia and leads the country at the first position.

1 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

2.2 Scientific Excellence

• CSIR has published 5086 research papers during 2013 with an average impact factor per paper as 2.86 in SCI journals of national and international repute contributing to 8.72% of Indian R&D literature.

• Several research papers were in high impact factor journals like Chemical Reviews’ (IF 45.661) , Nature Review Immunology’ (IF 33.836), ‘Science’ (IF 31.477), ‘Chemical Society Reviews’ (IF 30.425) ‘ Nature Genetics (IF 29.648) etc. Following Graphs show the trend of research over the last five years.

Number of Research Publications

5500 5086 5006 5000 4716 4434 4500 4259

Number 4000

3500

3000 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Year

Average Impact factor per paper 3.0 2.86 2.9 2.8 2.67 2.7 2.56 2.6 2.5

2.4 2.28 2.28

. Impact factor 2.3 v

A 2.2 2.1 2.0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Year

2 2.3 Value Generation through Intellectual Property CSIR has filed 349 patents abroad and 263 patents in India during 2013-14, granted 373 patents abroad and 92 patents in India. It is maintaining a portfolio of 2971 patents abroad and 1592 patents in India as on 31.03.2014. The following graphs provide data on patents filed and patents granted over the last five years.

Patents Filed 381 400 349 350 290 300 263

250 220 197 199 179 200 161 174 150

Number 100 50 0 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Year India Abroad

Patents Granted

400 361 373 350 319 282 300 260 272 250 200 145

Number 150 99 108 92 100 50 0 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Year India Abroad

2.4 Creating and Nurturing S&T Human Resource CSIR has been systematically creating and nurturing highly qualified S&T manpower in the country. It is presently supporting more than 8000 Research fellows, 159 Senior Research Associates and more than 1000 research schemes to various universities. 2.5 CSIR Scientists in Frontier of Science CSIR scientists are well recognized and are awarded prestigious fellowships and conferred awards regularly. A glimpse of these recognitions is given below:

3 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

Padma Vibhushan Padma Bhushan Infosys Foundation 2014 2014 Award 2014

Dr. R.A. Mashelkar Dr. T. Ramasami Dr. Srivari Chandrasekhar Former DG,CSIR Former DG,CSIR CSIR-IICT Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize 2014

Dr. S. Venkata Mohan Dr. Anurag Agrawal Dr. Souvik Maiti CSIR-IICT CSIR-IGIB CSIR-IGIB INSA Fellows (w.e.f. 1.1.2014)

Dr. Uday Bandyopadhyay Dr. Syamal Roy Dr. Rajesh. S. Gokhale CSIR-IICB CSIR-IICB CSIR-IGIB

Dr. M. Lakshmi Kantam Dr. C.S. Nautiyal Dr. Anuradha Dube CSIR-IICT CSIR-NBRI CSIR-CDRI

4 3.0 Some noteworthy accomplishments

3.1 Contributions to Space Programmes

CSIR-NAL has played a crucial role in the acoustic qualification of subsystems for the indigenous cryogenic stage used in GSLV–D5 for the Department of Space. These tests helped in the first successful flight (January 5, 2014) of the GSLV Mark II using the indigenously developed cryogenic engine, the CE-7.5 by ISRO. The LH2 Vent and Relief line along with the vent valve and the Protection plate in the Inter-Tank Truss region were crucial subsystems of the indigenous cryo stage which underwent acoustic qualification at CSIR-NAL. Complete aerodynamic re-characterization of the LVM 3 vehicle with fully simulated wind tunnel model has been carried out at National Trisonic Aerodynamics Facilities (NTAF) of CSIR-NAL. The major challenge was to design, manufacture and test models for force measurements, steady and unsteady pressure measurements in a very short time frame. The acoustic qualification of ISRO’s successful Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) satellite has been carried out at the new ATF facility at ISITE (ISRO Bengaluru) designed, built and commissioned by CSIR-NAL. Scientists of CSIR-NAL were closely associated with these acoustic qualification tests. CSIR is proud to be associated with the successes of ISRO’s GSLV-D5 and Mars Orbiter Mission programmes.

3.2 Contributions to Strategic area

CSIR-CEERI has developed five different versions of Low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) micro- hotplates. These micro-hotplates have achieved a temperature of 300oC with power consumption less than 1 watt and size 3.5x3.5 mm2. These micro-hotplates have high temperature stability, are reliable and ruggedized for harsh adverse environment. These are being used by Solid State Physics Laboratory (DRDO), Delhi, CSIR-CGCRI, and CSIR-CSIO for various sensor applications. Armament Research Board of Ministry of Defence, Government of India has issued an appreciation letter to CSIR-CEERI recognizing the contributions.

3.3 Simultaneous Production of US Grade Gasoline and Pure Benzene from FCC C6 Heart Cut

CSIR-IIP carried out substantial experimental and simulation studies with feedstock provided by M/s Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) and demonstrated that US grade gasoline and pure benzene can be simultaneously produced from a FCC C6 heart cut stream using extractive distillation (ED) route with aqueous NMP as the solvent. The gasoline thus produced has sulphur content <10ppm and benzene <0.3%. The technology has been transferred to RIL which is setting up 600,000 MTPA unit costing Rs.160.00 crore. The annual gasoline production from this unit would equal to a prospective export monetary value of around 682 Million USD per annum with an additional profit of around 102 Million USD per annum from the sales of the recovered high purity benzene (Current market Value of Gasoline and Benzene ~ 1400 US $/ MT).

3.4 Supercontinuum Light Source Launched

India's first Supercontinuum light source designed and developed under CSIR’s New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiatives Scheme jointly executed by CSIR-CGCRI and M/s Vinvish Technologies, Thiruvananthapuram. The product was launched by Shri S Jaipal Reddy, the then Hon'ble Minister for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences on 26th September 2013 at New Delhi. CSIR-CGCRI has contributed the Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) medium to the development of commercial grade SC source. During Supercontinuum light generation, an intense laser pulse is passed through PCF medium that generates white light of stabilized high output power. The said Supercontinuum light source covers a broad wavelength range of 400 to 2450 nm and emits white light spectrum of 1.5W average power.

5 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

3.5 NonClonableID technology, an effective anti-counterfeit platform for medical product authentication

One of key challenges facing India in the pharmaceutical space, both in domestic and export sectors, is that of counterfeit drugs with dire implications to not only the pharmaceutical companies but also government authorities and the general public. Towards addressing the problem of counterfeit medicines through a holistic approach, the CSIR and Bilcare Ltd., partnered to demonstrate the ability of a novel nonClonableID (nCiD) technology to address the unmet needs in medical product authentication and patient compliance. The nCiD tags on medical product packaging function as unique identification tags, to establish product accountability. Through the CSIR-NMITLI endeavor, the nCiD technology has been demonstrated as a versatile technology for addressing the problems of counterfeit medicines through a secured track & trace system that provide product accountability, from the point of origin to the point of dispensation, along with its e-pedigree records.

3.6 Contributions to affordable healthcare

Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder resulting from either insulin insufficiency or insulin dysfunction. Type II diabetes is the more common form of diabetes constituting 90% of the diabetic population. Therefore, considering the prevalence and emergence of herbal drugs based on traditional knowledge, CSIR-NBRI and CSIR- CIMAP jointly developed a novel, safe poly-herbal formulation NBRMAP- DB as a safe hypoglycaemic agent for management of diabetes conditions.

An assay system has been developed by CSIR-IMTECH for the detection of glycated hemoglobin and glycated albumin fractions in the diagnosis of diabetic patients. The innovation is based on affinity separation of the non-glycated and glycated fractions in the sample. The innovation could be extended to measurement of percentage of glycation of other glycated proteins in a sample.

CSIR-IMTECH has discovered two novel mutant uricases having better enzymatic efficiency (2 to 3 times higher) compared to that of the wild type uricase enzyme. This enzyme can be used in clinical diagnosis kits to measure the serum uric acid levels and for their use as a potential drug. 3.7 New Agri-technologies Early Mint Technology- A novel agro-system for minimizing cost of production of Menthol mint oil CSIR- CIMAP has introduced an ‘Early mint technology’ which involves improved method of the production of planting material (suckers/roots), withdrawing irrigation for about 10-15 days before harvest and using improved method of distillation. The technology advances the production by about 20-30 days and minimizes expenditure on land, labour, water and fuel by about 20-25% with 15-20% increase in productivity. This technology has been adopted very well by the farmers. CSIR-CIMAP has developed a new variety ‘CIM-Jyoti’ of Ocimum through intensive breeding efforts for high yield of herb and essential oil with desirable quality of higher citral (68-75%). This variety will produce citral in a short duration of 70-80 days. It also fits in crop rotation/intercropping between wheat and paddy and with other vegetable crops of small farmers. Leaves of this variety can also be used in lemon tea. 3.8 Metals, Minerals and Mining – Novel technologies Process flow sheet for beneficiation of low grade Iron ore sample from Shire-Mentebteb, Ethopia: About 500 million tonnes of iron ore resources are located in Shire-Mentebteb region of Ethiopia. The deposit is a lean grade goethitic ore and it is to be concentrated to a level suitable for utilization through blending with high grade concentrate for iron and steel making. CSIR-NML has developed a process flow sheet for beneficiation of the low grade iron ore with 33.17% Fe content to produce concentrate with 51% Fe.

6 3.9 Processes for recovery of Cobalt from discarded Li-ion- batteries of mobile phone

In recent years generation of electronic waste (E-Waste) or waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) has posed a new environmental challenge. Mobile phone batteries constitute a major share of e-waste, which contain rare and strategic metals such as cobalt, lithium, nickel etc. that can be recovered in an eco-friendly manner following the zero waste concept. CSIR-NML has developed a cost effective process to help in reduction of e-waste and its inefficient recycling and dissolution of metals. The process has been transferred to M/s Adv. Metal Combine Ltd.

3.10 Technology Transfers from CSIR-AMPRI

CSIR-AMPRI has transferred technologies for ‘Hammer Tips for Sugar Mills’ and ‘Cement-free green cement' to M/s Asugar Engineering Services, Kawadi and M/s Jindal Steel & Power Limited, Raigarh respectively. Hammer tips, mostly imported, are the most essential components of a fibrizer unit of a sugar mill used for fibrizing the sugar cane. There is a requirement of around 1.50 Lakh of hammer tips by all the sugar mills in the country every year. CSIR-AMPRI has fabricated using the developed materials and joined by brazing technology with mild steel substrate. Field trial analysis indicated that the developed hammer tips perform 1.2 times better than the conventional imported ones. The developed components would be cheaper by around 50% as compared to the conventional (imported) ones with improved performance thereby leading to a substantial monetary savings to the sugar mills in the country. A novel process has been developed for making advanced geopolymeric functional materials possessing very broad application spectrum ranging from cementitious materials to advanced functional materials. The process has led to the development of “Hybrid inorganic - organic frame work” which has contributed to the formation of homogeneous geopolymeric matrix with improved characteristics. The above technology/knowhow transfer will lead to improvement of the economy as these knowhow are environment and user friendly besides giving a boost in the economy for the industry partners. 3.11 Contributions to the Uttarakhand Flood Relief CSIR-IIP, being closest to the Uttarakhand hills, was made the Nodal Laboratory to coordinate with the state- level Disaster Management team on behalf of CSIR Headquarters and its laboratories. CSIR-CFTRI provided mathi (60 cartons), roti (15 Cartons), tomato sauce (1 carton), murmure (300 bags), energy powder (200 bags), high-protein rusks (63 cartons), Bissi Bele Bhaath (South Indian Khichadi – 189 cartons), imli poha (56 cartons), ORS (153 cartons) and bread (4 cartons). CSIR-NCL, came forward with Water Filtration Unit (20 boxes) and and pumps (20 boxes); CSIR-IMMT provided water filters (500 units); CSIR-CLRI had footwear (2000 pairs) to offer and CSIR-NEERI donated NEERI-ZAR, a Water Filter Unit (100 units), while CSIR-CSMCRI came forward with two large capacity RO units at Rishikesh and Srinagar (Garhwal) to ensure supply of pure drinking water, with a capacity of approximately 30000 lt/day. CSIR-IIP had offered: raincoats (1000 nos.), tarpaulins (100 nos.), stainless steel utensil sets (200 nos.), plastic tags (200 nos.), candles (44 pkts of 968 pieces each) and match-boxes (63 pkts of 900 pieces each). 4.0 Cluster-wise Specific Significant Achievements

4.1 Biological Sciences Cluster

4.1.1 CSIR-developed Clot Specific Streptokinase Enters into Phase-II Human Clinical Trials

The Clot Specific Streptokinase (CSSK), a novel patented thrombolytic biopharmaceutical therapeutic protein drug licensed from CSIR-IMTECH, has received permission from the Drugs Controller General of

7 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

India (DGCI) in February 2013 for Phase-II human clinical trial to test the efficacy of CSSK in the patients of heart attack, a condition known as Acute Myocardial Infarction. M/s Symmetrix Biotech Pvt. Ltd. has been carrying out the clinical development of CSSK, also known as SMRX-11. 4.1.2 Naturally occurring plant based anti-cancer compound-Activity-Target database Plant derived molecules have been highly valued by biomedical researchers and pharmaceutical companies for developing drugs, as they are thought to be optimized during evolution. CSIR-IMTECH has collected and compiled a central resource Naturally Occurring Plant-based Anti-cancer Compound- Activity-Target database (NPACT, http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/npact/) relates to experimentally validated plant-derived natural compounds exhibiting anti-cancerous activity (in vitro and in vivo), to complement the other databases. It currently contains 1574 compound entries, and each record provides information on their structure, manually curated published data on in vitro and in vivo experiments along with reference for users referral, inhibitory values (IC(50)/ED(50)/EC(50)/GI(50)), properties (physical, elemental and topological), cancer types, cell lines, protein targets, commercial suppliers and drug likeness of compounds. NPACT can easily be browsed or queried using various options, and an online similarity tool has also been made available. To facilitate retrieval of existing data, each record is hyperlinked to similar databases like Super Natural, Herbal Ingredients' Targets, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, PubChem and NCI-60 GI(50) data. 4.1.3 New processes for food products for commercial exploitation CSIR-CFTRI has developed new processes for seven food products for commercial exploitation which include: Annatto seed separator; Fruit jam slices; Shelf-stable convenience mix: A cooking base; Shelf- stable varieties of curry pastes for vegetarian and non-vegetarian traditional cuisines; A device for continuous forming and frying of boondi; Production of turmeric powder from fresh turmeric rhizome; and Low fat expanded green snack using moringa leaves. 4.1.4 Breath analyzer for diabetes and sensor for asthma Diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic and to date there is no non-invasive, cost-effective, user friendly, portable device available for detection of diabetes. CSIR-CGCRI has developed prototype of a breath

analyser for detection and monitoring of diabetes based on γ-Fe2O3 sensor material with different dopants and tested its sensitivity/selectivity at laboratory level. In case of humidity, sensor for asthma showed a response time of 2-4 sec for 6% moisture sensing which is aimed to reduce to 1-2 sec. 4.1.5 Micro PCR A battery operated hand held MicroPCR for diagnosis of various diseases was launched by the Hon’ble Minister for Science & Technology in august presence of the Hon’ble President of India on Technology Day 2013. The diseases which can be diagnosed are: Tuberculosis, Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Hepatitis B and H1N1. This is a global product which has been patented in over 100 countries. The device is currently expected to cost a tenth of a conventional real-time PCR and a fifth of existing NAAT tests in the market and these can further come down with scale and early adoption by governmental programs. The product is available in Indian and global market. 4.2 Chemical Sciences Cluster 4.2.1 CSIR Research work on Cover page of Journals During the year many research findings of CSIR laboratories were chosen by International Journals to appear on its cover page. Following table gives details of such excellent scientific endeavours:

8 'Total synthesis and structure 'The first total synthesis 'Supramolecular Chemistry Confirmation of Cryptocaryol' of nhatrangin' of Protoporphyrin IX and CSIR-IICT CSIR-IICT Its Derivatives' CSIR-IICT

‘A phosphonic acid appended Back Cover: ‘A Pyridyl-Monoannulated ‘Imidazopyridine-oxindole conjugate naphthalene Diimide motif for Naphthalene Diimide Motif with β chain aminoacids of tubulin self-assembly into tunable Self-Assembles into Tuneable ChemMedChem: A Journal nanostructures through molecular Nanostructures by Means of ChemPubSoc, Europe’ recognition with arginine in water’ of Solvophobic Control’ CSIR-IICT CSIR-IICT CSIR-IICT

‘An Efficient Synthesis of ‘Ultrasound stimulated nucleation ‘A supramolecular model made of a Dibenzo [b,f] oxepins by and growth of adye assembly into multiphyrinic array constructed around Ring Closing’ CSIR-IICT extended gel nano-structures’ a C60 core and C60-imidazole CSIR-NIIST derivative Chemistry’CSIR-NIIST

9 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

4.2.2 Addressing the burning issue of saline waste streams Saline waste streams of industries create environment hazards. The recovery of value added chemicals from these streams not only mitigates the environment pollution but also helps in creation of wealth. CSIR- CSMCRI has developed process know-how for recovery of value added chemicals. The recovery of salts was >99% with a purity of higher than 99.5%. The final left out liquor after separation of value added salts

was subjected to evaporation for recovery of high purity NaNO3. The know-how of the process has been transferred. 4.2.3 Commercial farming and Method of cultivation of economically important seaweed Gracilaria dura Gracilaria dura occurring in Indian waters has been reported to be potential sources of agarose (US Patent 2005/0267296A1). The scanty biomass and restricted occurrence at the bottom of deep tide pools along few locations of the north western coast of India limited its exploitation for industrial utilization. An innovative, cost effective and green method has been developed by CSIR-CSMCRI to obtain high quality agarose from dry algal biomass. The holistic cultivation approach has been developed at MARS, Mandapam. The process has been transferred to M/s. Aquagri Processing Ltd., New Delhi. 4.2.4 Commercialization of Thin Film Composite (TFC) Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane manufacturing technology CSIR-CSMCRI has developed and transferred technology for thin film composite RO membrane manufacturing. TFC RO membrane manufacturing is a multistage process. In the first stage polyester non- woven fabric supported polysulphone based microfiltration membrane (120-130 micron thickness) is manufactured according to phase inversion process at a rate of 500-600 sq. m/h. In the second stage, an ultrathin polyamide layer (0.15-0.20 micron thickness) is prepared on top of the microfiltration membrane according to in situ interfacial polymerization process between a diamine and a multifunctional carboxylic acid chloride at a rate of 25-50 sq.m/h. The nascent TFC membrane is subjected to various chemical treatment processes. Subsequently, spiral modules of different sizes are made from the membrane. The technology has been transferred to M/s Uniqflux Membranes LLP, Pune.

4.2.5 Absorption of SO2 by Regenerative Solvents CSIR-IIP, in collaboration with the Engineers India Limited (EIL), New Delhi, has developed a process for

removal of SO2 from flue gas streams. The process is based on conventional absorption/regeneration which involves counter-current absorption into a novel solvent developed by CSIR-IIP, followed by

regeneration of the SO2-rich solvent at higher temperatures in the regenerator to collect the pure stream of

SO2. In order to meet the stringent environmental regulations it became essential for Numaligarh Refineries Limited (NRL) to increase the recovery efficiency of the existing SRU from 96% to 99.9%. The EIL and the

CSIR-IIP proposed SO2 recycle process (SOR) to increase the sulphur recovery efficiency of the existing SRU. Since this process has been developed on bench-scale and needs commercial demonstration for successful implementation, the EIL and the CSIR-IIP demonstrated the process at their site. The NRL, the CSIR-IIP and the EIL signed an MOU to work jointly and technology thus evolved will be known as an IIP-EIL-NRL joint technology for future commercialization in other industries. 4.2.6 Bio-fuels In the area of hydroprocessing, CSIR-IIP has developed a process and catalyst for conversion of Jatropha oil directly to aviation fuel (drop-in). Drop-in fuels are those fuels which do not require any changes and hence can be used as such or as a blend with refinery-based fuels. The process is a novel single-step catalytic process for conversion of plant-derived non-edible, waste, low-cost oils to produce drop-in biofuels for

10 air-transport purposes. Plant-derived oils (soya, Jatropha, Karanj, algal) are deoxygenated, selectively cracked and isomerized over a single catalyst to produce aviation fuel with 35-55% yield and with properties and compositions exactly the same as those required for aviation fuels. Approximately 3000 litres of Jatropha oil were processed and 600 litres of bio-jet were produced. The plant is running in continuous mode for life analysis. Further, CSIR-IIP has come out with Technology Information Package (TIP) for revamping the naphtha hydrotreater at the BPCL-Kochi Refinery into a bio-jet fuel production facility. This testifies to CSIR-IIP proprietary and patent-protected process, catalyst and technology as having commercial viability for production of renewable aviation fuel which will eventually lead to a niche market of energy. The TIP has been submitted to the BPCL for economic evaluation. 4.2.7 Glycerol-based Carbon Acid and Base Catalysts CSIR-IICT has developed heterogeneous acid and base carbon catalysts from crude glycerol (by-product of biodiesel process) and also from glycerol pitch (waste product from fat splitting industry). Both the catalysts were successfully employed for the production of biodiesel by replacing traditionally used homogeneous sulfuric acid and alkali catalysts, thus making the biodiesel process green with more profitability. In addition, the glycerol-based carbon acid catalyst has been successfully employed as an efficient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst in a wide variety of synthetic methodologies, showing its versatility as a green catalyst and also a potential replacement to sulphuric acid. These catalyst based reactions may lead to cleaner industrial processes in several areas like oleochemicals, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, lubricants, agrochemicals etc., by reducing liquid effluents. This innovation has been bestowed with International award of American Oil Chemists’ Society’s (AOCS) - ACI/NBB Glycerine Innovation Award- 2013 and IGCW-Green Innovation Award –2013. 4.2.8 High rate biomethanation technology for the generation of Biogas and bio-manure from poultry litter CSIR-IICT has developed a novel high rate biomethanation technology called the “ANAEROBIC GAS LIFT REACTOR (AGR)” for the generation of biogas and bio-manure from poultry litter. This technology provides a remunerative option for farmer in terms of bio-energy and bio-manure. Installation the technology would ensure sustainable financial dividends to farm owners by offsetting their power requirements, besides addressing issues related to hygiene and waste treatment in poultry farms. This technology is superior to other such technologies in terms of biogas generation and bio-manure production, as it incorporates novel pre and post processing technologies required for the biomethanation of poultry litter and it was licensed to M/s Ahuja Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd., Secunderabad for commercialization. 4.3 Engineering Sciences Cluster 4.3.1 Contributions to LCA (Tejas) Programme CSIR-NAL led National Control Law Team (CLAW) played a crucial role in Tejas flight envelope expansion and up-gradation of control laws for obtaining the aircraft Initial Operation Clearance. On 20th December 2013, Tejas received the second of three levels of operational clearance (IOC-2). Also, the Air Data System (ADS) calibration was carried out using the flight data from high AOA PID test experiments. This process has led to the successful clearance of Initial Operational Clearance (IOC) version of the Air Data System. Using IOC standard Air Data System as the baseline, ADS for the Naval and two seater Air Force (Trainer) variants have been developed. After successful ground testing, Naval ADS version is integrated onto the aircraft. As a part of LCA series production, new production standard tools were designed and fabricated in association with the production partner M/s TATA Advanced Materials Ltd.

11 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

Two sets of components were fabricated and First Article Inspection (FAI) was successfully carried out on composite products. The first set of components was also cleared by the Directorate General of Aeronautical Quality Assurance for aircraft assembly. 4.3.2 Deployment of electronic nose for monitoring of obnoxious odour constituents generated from pulp and paper industries An electronic nose (e-nose) system jointly developed by CSIR-NEERI and C-DAC, has been deployed at sites of two industries - M/s Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited, Karur, Tamil Nadu and M/s Mysore Paper Mills, Bhadravati, Karnataka. The e-nose system consists of three units: sampling unit, sensor unit and purging unit. CSIR-NEERI imparted training to the industry personnel for operating the e-nose system and sample collection from various source points. The data generated from these industries is regularly monitored by CSIR-NEERI and C-DAC teams. The samples were collected from the digester, work environment and evaporator points from both the industries. Application of this e-nose system in tanneries and distilleries is being further explored for monitoring of obnoxious odors. 4.3.3 Lab Scale Aerospace Grade Autoclave An affordable lab scale aerospace grade autoclave has been conceived and designed by CSIR-NAL with the state-of-the-art features to meet the growing need of the academia and R&D institutions. The first order was received from IIT Kanpur. It was indeed a proud moment as the first aerospace grade lab scale autoclave was formally handed over to IIT- Kanpur on 25th March 2014. The compact lab scale autoclave (0.9m diameter and 1.0m length work space) provides all the features of a large industry standard autoclave. The lab scale autoclave was delivered by the CSIR-NAL led PPP consortium consisting of M/s Unique Chemo Plant Equipments, Mumbai and M/s Datasol India Private Ltd. 4.3.4 CSIR-CGCRI Glass Lining Technology goes into Production CSIR-CGCRI has developed a suitable composition for a special type of impervious glass lining coating material and a process of application of the same on metallic substrates. Following an Agreement for Licensing of Know-how signed by CSIR-CGCRI with M/s Standard Glass Lined Equipments Pvt. Ltd Hyderabad, the company initially assimilated the technology on a small scale but subsequently established a full scale industrial manufacturing unit of 30,000 liters capacity. 4.3.5 Production of green steel by hydrogen plasma smelting process CSIR-IMMT has developed a novel environmental friendly technology to produce steel without any polluting effluent gas. Unlike the conventional iron extraction process which requires multiple stages of processing in coke oven plant, sintering plant and blast furnace, the hydrogen plasma smelting would involve only one step process. The reduction reactions involving hydrogen and iron oxide will also eliminate

the emission of CO/CO2, thereby greatly minimizing the air pollution. It has been possible to produce pure iron containing more than 99.54 % Fe by hydrogen plasma smelting process in one kg scale. 4.3.6 Virtual Casting Technology and development of new modules CSIR-NIIST had developed and transferred technology for virtual casting Technology to M/s 3D Foundry Tech Pvt. Ltd., Later on Virtual Casting solver code was completely redesigned for efficient memory management and a better shrinkage prediction algorithm and was integrated into the upgraded version Auto CAST X1 as FLOW+module. The commercial release of AutoCast X1 was made during IFEX-2013. During the year 3DFT has transferred around 12 licensees. In addition, 3DFT now has a reseller, Taiwan Control Valves in Taiwan. AutoCast X1 is now available in Chinese and also has a website in Chinese

12 www.autocast.tw. A new gas and venting module which can predict the occurrence of blowholes during filling of the casting has been developed and transferred to 3DFT in January 2014. This module was showcased during IFEX 2014.

4.4 Physical Sciences Cluster

4.4.1 New chapter in Groundwater Hydrology from Heliborne Geophysical Investigations

CSIR-NGRI has carried out 13,800 line km of helicopter borne Time domain Electromagnetic (HeliTEM) and Magnetic (HeliMAG) surveys- the globally acclaimed state-of-the-art geophysical technique on an experimental basis in six hydrogeologically representative pilot areas in the states of Rajasthan, Bihar, Maharashtra, Kanataka and Tamil Nadu to delineate the principal aquifers at 1:50,000 scale. These studies helped to identify the principal aquifers in diverse hydro geological provinces of India, viz., in Gangetic alluvium, Tertiary-sediments underlying the Thar Desert, Deccan basalts and the Gondwana sediments, weathered and fractured granite gneisses and schists and the Coastal alluvium and Tertiary sediments. The study also helped in identifying the subsurface structures controlling the groundwater conditions, the regional continuity of principal aquifers, the variations in lithological character of aquifers and the quality of water in terms of salinity.

4.4.2 CSIR-NGRI Research Attracts Global Media

New research by CSIR-NGRI suggests that a vast area in southeast India measuring more than 200,000 sq km is conducive for diamond stability and needs to be explored for kimberlite and lamproite rocks. The method proposed hinges on a suitable and cost-effective reconnaissance technique for diamond prospecting that uses passive seismological data generated at carefully chosen seismic stations and can be deployed as a quick-search tool over large areas. This research was published in the August 2013 issue of ‘Lithosphere’, a peer-reviewed journal of the Geological Society of America. This paper also featured in the "Most-Read Articles" during August 2013 and attracted global media coverage.

4.4.3 Chronic kidney disease in two coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh; role of drinking water

A number of people from some coastal regions of Srikakulam district and Chimakurthy Mandal (30 to 40 km away from the coast) in the Prakasham district of Andhra Pradesh are suffering from Chronic kidney disease (CKD). Some medical experts and the local population have apprehensions that the drinking water is the sole reason for this disease in these areas. As the source of drinking water for these two regions is only groundwater, CSIR-NGRI has measured major ions and trace elements on waters from different sources to identify the causative elements(s), if any. Comparison of hydrochemical data of both the areas indicates that groundwater in Srikakulam coastal region is less mineralized than that of the Prakasham region, which may be due to geological, hydrological and climatic reasons. The concentrations of various - - - inorganic chemicals such as Cl , F and NO 3 are within the permissible limits and are thus not expected to lead to any deleterious effects on human health, including any effect on the kidneys. Though the concentration of most of the chemical constituents is relatively higher in Chimakurthy area, the renal problems are much more severe in the Uddanam area (Srikakulam dist). Thus, it is doubtful whether drinking water quality has any bearing on CKD and it is unlikely that the inorganic chemicals cause ill health, including CKD, in the study areas. However, as there is a continuing suspicion that the kidney damage in people living in the study areas is due to chemicals in drinking water, it is necessary to investigate for other organic and inorganic chemicals known to be associated with kidney damage.

13 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

4.4.4 Anode Material for lithium ion batteries With increasing global energy demands and ill effects of using hydrocarbon fuels, electrochemical cells/ batteries acts as a convenient form of energy storage that provide portability for chemical energy storage and its conversion to electrical energy by electrochemical oxidation and reduction reactions which occur at the electrodes. Li-ion batteries (LIB) are preferred over other systems because of long cycle life, broad temperature range of operation, low self-discharge rate high performance in terms of capacity and energy density. Anode is the most critical in the proper functioning of the cells and acts as a host for the Li ions. CSIR-NPL has synthesized MWCNT based paper (20 cm X 20 cm) and used successfully as anode material for Li-ion Batteries. Using these anode materials, cells have been prepared and lighting of solar lantern and LED in solar hut has been demonstrated. 4.4.5 Enhanced Green Florescent Protein Arsenometer CSIR-CEERI, jointly with Birla Institute of Technology and Science, has developed a portable, easy-to-use, cheap, and non-toxic field test system to monitor the levels of arsenic in drinking water wells. This battery- operated and low cost per test novel bio-electronic system based on fluorometric method display numerically the concentration of arsenic in water. Such numerical display of arsenic concentration has been done for the first time. In this method, Enhanced Green Florescent Protein (EGFP), known as bio- sensor, emits green florescence of 520 nm wavelength when excited by blue light of 480nm wavelength. The intensity of the green light increases with the increase in the content of arsenic present in water. The system comprises of light-tight fluorescence collecting device made of black nylon material, LED source, optical filter, light-to-voltage converter, arsenic collection cuvette, electronic circuitry on a small PCB, 9 volt battery and LCD. The dimension of the device is 514 cm3 (height= 5.5 cm, width=8.5 cm and length is 11 cm). 5.0 CSIR 800 5.1 Training on Medicinal & Aromatic Plants To introduce medicinal and aromatic crops in new areas three training- cum-awareness programmes were organized by CSIR-CIMAP. 150 persons were trained on the cultivation and processing aspects of medicinal and aromatic plants. About 50 demonstrations of menthol mint were organized on tribal farmers’ fields in different parts of India. The CSIR knowhow for cultivation of menthol mint, artemisia, lemongrass, vetiver, kalmegh, satavar, etc., have been adopted by farmers of the villages through focused dissemination efforts of the laboratory. Technology of mentha oil distillation was adopted by many farmers. Introduction of mentha, lemongrass, palmarosa, kalmegh and basil in farmers’ fields belonging to SC & Sahariya tribal communities in different villages in Gorakhpur, Jhansi, Lalitpur and Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh. 280 farmers have been trained for commercial cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops under rain-fed conditions of Bundelkhand. Farmers have started commercial cultivation of lemongrass, palmarosa and basil. Tribal communities of Sahariya of district Lalitpur in, U.P. have also started cultivation of palmarosa. 5.2 Development and Deployment of Improved Samba Mahsuri Bacterial blight (BB) is a serious disease of rice that is caused by the bacterial pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Effective chemicals are not available for controlling yield losses due to BB. During the last few years, several rice varieties and some hybrids have been developed that carry multiple genes for resistance against bacterial blight. One of these bacterial blight resistant rice varieties that has been jointly developed by the CSIR-CCMB and the Directorate of Rice Research (DRR) using the Marker Assisted

14 Selection methodology is Improved Samba Mahsuri. This is one of the first rice varieties developed through the use of biotechnology and released for commercial cultivation in India. It is not a transgenic plant. This variety has become a boon for rice farmers in bacterial blight endemic areas of the country. In particular, during the last few years in the Nandhyal area of Kurnool district, the variety was found to be resistant during epidemics of bacterial blight and very much appreciated by farmers in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. To reach all the farmers in need, CSIR-CCMB and DRR have started a program to provide 10 kg seeds of Improved Samba Mahsuri, free of cost, to each of many rice farming households. 5.3 Free food-related technologies from CSIR-CFTRI A few of the selected technologies developed at CSIR-CFTRI were offered free in terms of technology dossiers that can be downloaded from the Institute website for the manufacture of such products to generate employment, entrepreneurship and effective utilization of raw material. The technologies include: Amla Candy, Composite Ragi Bread, Curing and Polishing –Turmeric, Dosa Batter in Retail Packs, Idli Batter in Retail Packs, Fruit Spread, Ginger Dehydration, Green Chilli Sauce and Protein Enriched Buns. More than 1000 downloads of technical dossier have been recorded so far. Under CSIR-800 initiatives, large number of awareness programs for the benefit of farmers was held at different locations of Karnataka. These include interactive programs arranged at Haradanahalli, Kollegal, Chamarajanagar, Gundulpet, Udupi, Mala, Jadkal, Kolar and Shimoga. Demonstrations were also held at CSIR-CFTRI on technologies such as virgin coconut oil, energy food, turmeric processing and processing of fruits and vegetables. An MoU was signed for the transfer of turmeric processing and maize processing with various farmers clusters. The first high end super resolution gated confocal microscope of the country was procured by CSIR-CFTRI this year. Genome wide screening of yeast deletion mutants for lipid droplets using Confocal Microscopy was undertaken. More than 100 deletion strains of the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae were grown under rich and minimal media until stationary phase, to study the pattern of lipid droplet formation within the cells. Variations were observed between strains and also between media types, pertaining to number and size of lipid droplets. Further, in-house training programmes for research students on operation and sample analysis with various instruments were organized. 5.4 Dissemination of high purity solar salt technologies and establishment of model salt farms across the country In continuation to CSIR-CSMCRI’s effort in disseminating high purity solar salt technologies to grass root level across the country, marginal salt producers in the Santhalpur and Adesar region of Gujarat have been trained for good quality salt production and recovery of marine chemicals. Novel methodologies of high purity salt production developed at CSIR-CSMCRI also percolated to masses. Model Salt Farm at Marakkanam of Vellupuram District in Tamil Nadu has been established. Scientists during monitoring visits conducted training programs for the small scale salt producers to produce good quality salt with improved yield and demonstrated salt manufacturers of Marakkanam Society the knowhow for good quality salt manufacture in the model salt farm.

15

CSIR...... Resource Base

38 National Laboratories/Institute with 39 Outreach Centres 3 Innovation Complex 5 Units

` 3098.70 crore Government Budgetary Support

` 1550.70 crore Consisting 14191 Plan Fund permanent staff ` 1548.00 crore (as on 01.01.2014) Non-Plan Fund Comprising 3987 Scientists 6454 Technical and Support Staff 3750 Administrative Staff ` 705.36 crore External Earning

Key Statistics

Performance Indicators 2013-14

Heliborne Geophysical Investigations for Ground Water Hydrology

Utilization of CSIR’s granted Patents 13.86 (as on 31.03.2014) World rate patents Utilization 3-5%

Intellectual Property National S&T Human Resourcent

5086 Research Publications with highest 8850 Research Fellows/Associates supported impact factor 45.661 (Chemical Reviews)

2971 Patents in force (Abroad) Emeritus Scientists in position 172 (as on 31.03.2014) 349 Filed Abroad Senior Research Associates 149

1592 Patents in force (India) Research Schemes supported 1299 (as on 31.03.2014) 263 Filed in India

S&T CONTRIBUTIONS

1.1 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES CLUSTER

1.1.1 Scientific Excellence

Chiral Proofreading mechanisms

All the proteins are made up of only L-amino acids. The ‘homochirality’ is common to all life on Earth. The molecular basis and mechanistic details of perpetuation of homochirality is one of the major unsolved problems in biology today. CSIR-CCMB has crystallized an enzyme called D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase (DTD) in complex with a molecule that mimics a D-amino acid attached to a transfer RNA molecule. By studying this structure at a high resolution, they were able to identify how the active site of DTD can specifically accommodate the ‘chiral centre’ of a complex made of a D-amino acid and a transfer RNA molecule. DTD is able to recognize D-amino acids because of a critical dipeptide that is inserted from one subunit of the DTD into the active site of another subunit of the enzyme. The effect of this dipeptide is to generate a binding pocket that is a perfect fit for the chiral centre of a complex that contains a D-amino acid and a transfer RNA molecule; this pocket specifically excludes complexes that contain an L-amino acid. The critical residues that form the binding pocket are highly conserved suggesting that DTD is crucial for ensuring homochirality throughout all forms of life.

Fig:1.1 D-aminoacyl-tRNA captured by DTD for cleavage

Population structure of India

A new study by CSIR-CCMB indicates that population admixture occurred in the pre-caste era, shedding light on our understanding of the history of the present-day Indian populations. Researchers have found that modern-day India is the result of recent population mixture among divergent demographic groups. The fact that every population in India evolved from randomly mixed populations suggests that social classifications like the caste system are not likely to have existed in the same way before the mixture. Thus, the present-day structure of the caste system came into being only relatively recently in Indian history. The results were published in Nature.

23 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

Functional relevance of repetitive DNA

About 3% of the human genome is made of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) or micro-satellites. GATA repeat is one of the major SSRs that are enriched in human and other genomes. GATA repeats of about 50 bp show highest frequency of occurrence. CSIR-CCMB has shown that GATA repeats function as enhancer blocker boundaries in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster. They also find that the same is true with human cells as well, revealing the evolutionarily conserved nature of these elements for more than one billion years. In addition, this observation points to the functional relevance of non-coding repetitive component of genomes that have been accumulated in parallel to the evolution of complexity. The results were published in Nature Communications. A-boundary Wing T

enhancer GA omb lacZ

Eye Test construct at omb locus wing imaginal disc

Wing enhancer omb lacZ

Fig: 1.2 Drosophilla eye with a bipolar pigmentation indicates the genomic site of the insertion of the transgenic construct carrying human GATA boundary test element. While access of wing enhancer to the target lacZ reporter gene is limited (upper panel), this access is unihindered when the GATA boundary has been flipped out (lower panel), seen as more prominent blue staining of the larval wing imaginal disc.

Role of optineurin in Glucoma

The optineurin mutant M98K has been described as a risk factor for normal tension glaucoma in some ethnic groups. CSIR-CCMB has reported that expression of M98K optineurin induced cell death of RGC-5 retinal ganglion cells, but not of other neuronal or non-neuronal cells. They observed increased levels of the autophagy marker, LC3-II, and enhanced autophagosome formation in cells expressing M98K optineurin. It has been found that over-expression of M98K optineurin potentiated delivery of transfer in receptor to autophagosomes for degradation. This study shows that transfer in receptor degradation and autophagy play a crucial role in retinal ganglion cell death.

Protein folding studies

Several protein conformational diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, prion disease, systemic amyloidosis, Finnish type amyloidosis and dialysis-related amyloidosis involve extracellular amyloid deposition of misfolded proteins/polypeptides. The relatively harsh extracellular conditions and the deposition of misfolded, aggregated proteins suggest the necessity for extracellular chaperones. CSIR-CCMB has studied the role of an extracellular

24 protein, haptoglobin in prevention of amyloid fibril formation of β2-microglobulin, which is involved in dialysis- related amyloidosis. It has been shown that haptoglobin interacts with prefibrillar oligomers of β2-microglobulin preventing the amyloid fibril formation, facilitates their lysosomal degradation and the associated cytotoxicity. Retinopathy of prematurity Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a blinding disease in premature babies with low birth weight. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of ROP, CSIR-CCMB has carried out a proteomics study of the vitreous humor of ROP patients. Pathway analysis study of differentially expressed proteins in the vitreous humor of ROP patients indicates that proteins involved in complement activation, coagulation cascade and angiogenesis are highly up-regulated, while inhibitors of coagulation pathway, anti-angiogenic factors and enzymes involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species are highly down-regulated. The study gives an overview of the pathological and molecular events that may contribute to the disease progression of ROP. Nanoparticle Catalyzed Reaction (NPCR): ZnO-NP catalyzed Ugi-reaction in aqueous medium CSIR-CDRI has developed the first ZnO-NP catalyzed Ugi type three-component (AB2C) reaction for synthesis of 2-arylamino- 2-phenylacetimidamide from an aldehyde, amine and isocyanide in aqueous media. This nanoparticle catalysed reaction (NPCR) is high yielding and has good atom economy as well as atom efficiency. The synthesize phenylacetimidamide yielded 2-amino-2-phenylacetamide on hydrolysis with I2–SDS–water, whereas alkaline hydrolysis afforded the N-substituted α-amino acid. The research work has been published in ‘Green Chemistry’. Fig: 1.3 Schematic of ZnO-NP catalyzed reaction Discovery of Coumarin-Dihydropyridine hybrids as bone anabolic agents The concept of molecular hybridization led CSIR-CDRI to discover a novel series of coumarin–dihydropyridine hybrids that have potent osteoblastic bone formation in vitro and that prevent ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo. In this context, among all the compounds screened for alkaline phosphatase activity, four compounds showed significant activity at picomolar concentrations. A series of other in vitro data strongly suggested that one compound as the most promising bone anabolic agent, which was further evaluated for in vivo studies. From these studies the one compound proved to be useful, which at low oral dose of 1 (mg/kg)/day body weight increased bone mass density and volume, expression of osteogenic genes (RUNX2, BMP-2, and ColI), bone formation rate (BFR), and mineral apposition rate (MAR), improved the trabecular microarchitecture, and decreased bone turn over markers in an ovariectomized rodent model for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Biological Studies of Chromenochalcones as Potential Antileishmanial Agents CSIR-CDRI has examined antileishmanial activities of a library of synthetic chalcone analogues. Among them, five compounds exhibited better activity than the marketed drug miltefosine in in-vitro studies against the intracellular amastigotes form of Leishmania donovani. Three promising compounds were tested in a L. donovani/hamster model. Oral administration of chalcone 16, at a concentration of 100 mg/kg of body weight per day for 5 consecutive days, resulted in >84% parasite inhibition at day 7 post-treatment and it retained the activity until day 28. The molecular and immunological studies revealed that one compound has a dual nature to act as a direct parasite killing agent and as a host immunostimulant Pharmacokinetics and serum albumin binding studies also suggest that this compound has the potential to be a candidate for the treatment of the nonhealing form of leishmaniasis.

25 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

Synthesis of 3H Pyrazolo[3,4 c]-isoquinolines and Thieno[3,2 c]- isoquinolines via Cascade Imination/ Intramolecular Decarboxylative Coupling

CSIR-CDRI has described the general approach for the synthesis of 3H-pyrazolo [3,4-c] isoquinolines and thieno [3,2-c] isoquinolines involving the implementation of a cascade imination/ intramolecular decarboxylative coupling between potassium 2-amino (hetero) benzoates and 2-haloarylaldehydes. The reactions of pyrazole- based substrates require a Pd–Cu bimetallic system for superior yields whereas the thienyl-based substrates afford the products in excellent yields with a Pd-catalyst only.

NH2

Heteroaromatic Ar

N CO2K

[Pd] [Pd-Cu] + N OHC Ar N N S / Ar Ar 5 examples X 19 examples Yields= 79-92% Yields= 24-90% X = Br, l

Fig: 1.4 Schematic of synthesis of 3H-pyrazolo [3,4-c] isoquinolines and thieno [3,2-c] isoquinolines

Sugar-Modified Foldamers as Conformationally Defined and Biologically Distinct Glycopeptide Mimics

CSIR-CDRI has shown that attached sugars play a defining role in the conformations adopted by a pair of novel SAA-derived foldamers in water and that these differences are reflected in the contrasting interactions of these glycofoldamers with various biological targets. The results have been published in Angew Chem Int Engl.

Glycosylation

10-Membered 16-Membered Fig: 1.5 Legends: C-green, O-red, N-blue, H-gray; yellow oval-mannose

26 Traceability of GMOs in processed foods

DNA quality is an important parameter for the detection and quantification of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Food processing leads to degradation of DNA, which may impair GMO detection and quantification. The effect of various processing treatments such as heating, baking, microwaving, autoclaving and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the relative transgenic content of MON 810 maize was evaluated using pRSETMON-02, a dual target plasmid as a model system. Although a profound impact on DNA degradation was seen during the processing, DNA could still be reliably quantified by Real-time PCR. The measured mean DNA copy number ratios of the processed samples were in agreement with the expected values.

This model study contributes to the accumulation of basic data necessary to consider implications of food processing on quantitative determination of GMO ingredients. The approach adapted by CSIR-CFTRI in this study is not only useful for tracing and quantifying GMOs in processed foods but is also of valuable interest for any PCR based diagnostics such as, forensic science, identifying species of origin, food allergens etc. that may be affected by DNA degradation.

Yeast lipid regulation – a transcriptional approach

CSIR-CFTRI has studied to delineate the actual mode of transcriptional regulation of yeast lipid metabolism. Some of the yeast deletions that have increased triglyceride content also expressed some lipid genes differentially. The key regulators of this expression have been identified and their binding to these genes have been confirmed.

Fig: 1.6 Schematic of a compound as a potential candidate for the treatment of the nonhealing form of leishmaniasis

The three genes that form a complex (MRX) and play an important role in DNA damage repair, when deleted singly, show increased TAG accumulation. Studies have shown the direct correlation that FKHI has on LPP1 by positive regulation. It was observed that when a mutant (phm8Δ) was grown in low phosphate conditions, triglycerides accumulated. The binding sites for this TF on the gene and the positive regulation it has on the phosphatase activity in low phosphate conditions have been investigated and reported for the first time. Transcriptional regulation of the TF IME4 on a yet to be annotated gene has revealed the positive correlation that the TF has, on the gene. Lipid Assays with the protein and its mutants have shown that this is a phospholipase, with a preference for CL, PG and PE substrates. PA, PC and PS were not preferred. This is the first report characterizing this unannotated yeast gene, by assigning a role in lipid metabolism.

27 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

Nutra-coconut oil rich in ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids and health protective phytoceuticals

Coconut oil is rich in medium chain triglycerides (MCT) but lack in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and bio-active phytoceuticals. CSIR-CFTRI has prepared nutra-coconut Oil (NCO) by blending coconut oil and flaxseed oil (70:30) and adding 3000 ppm extract of flaxseed cake concentrate using ethanol, methanol and 20% aqueous ethanol. The different bio-active molecules in flaxseed concentrate and the nutra-coconut oil were evaluated. The PUFA content was found to increase in nutra-coconut oil from 2-22%. There was no significant difference observed in physico-chemical properties of these oils. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase of triunsaturated TAG content (0.83 to 6.86 %) observed in nutra-coconut oil. The FT-IR spectra of nutra-coconut oil revealed that the peak at 3009 and 1651 cm-1 was associated to presence of unsaturated fatty acids. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference observed in sensory attributes of snack food using coconut oil and nutra-coconut oil indicating that later could be used as frying medium.

The developed nutra-coconut oil is enriched with omega-6, omega-3 fatty acids and bioactive phytoceutical, which includes sesamol, secoisolariceresinol and many other phenolic acids which are beneficial to health to protect against diseases, such as CVD, cancer etc.

Unconventional source of Functional food - Banana pseudo stem and banana rhizome

CSIR-CFTRI has developed a process for the preparation of nutraceutical beverage having total soluble solid contents (6-12%) and acidity (0.2-0.3%) from Banana pseudostem juice. Banana pseudostem juice was prepared by crushing the pseudostem. The prepared beverage showed attractive creamy white colour with overall acceptable sensory quality. It is also shown that the juice has defined antidiabetic and diuretic properties and thus can be of value world over. The process also provides utilization of the plant bio-wastes/mass for production of nutraceutical food products.

Banana Rhizome Powder

CSIR-CFTRI has developed a process to convert plant biomass into edible value added products. The prepared beverages were screened for their sensory quality. The product has good appearance (uniform cloud), peculiar banana pseudo stem flavour and overall consumer acceptability. Acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of banana rhizome powder using animal models revealed that banana rhizome powder is non-toxic and fit for consumption. The pseudostem and rhizome, considered among banana plant bio-waste, together contribute 43-48% of plant biomass. Due to recent technique of production of banana plant through tissue culture resulted in rhizome useless for plant propagation. The total production of pseudostem in India is more than 1.5 MT. Less than 1% is used as vegetable in some states remaining are otherwise incinerated and wasted. The novelty of the product is that the product can be categorized as nutraceutical as the juice has diuretic and antidiabetic effect. The product has also good potential for commercialization as the raw material (banana pseudostem) is available at very low price.

Extension of storage life of papaya by coating bioemlusion of cactus mucilage

Papaya (Carica papaya L) is a major popular dessert fruit of tropical and subtropical region, known for its fast growth and yield, with a number of varieties of nutritional and bio-functional importance. Indian production is reported to be 3.9 million tons compared to 1.9 and 10.48 million tons respectively for Brazil and total world production. It is being exported in large volumes to Europe, the United States and Japan. Post-harvest losses are mainly attributed to mechanical damage, rapid flesh softening and decay. By the usage of cactus mucilage, a natural plant edible biomolecule, as coating, ripening was retarded along with reduced softening thereby shelf life was extended by ~ two folds at room temperature. The process is low cost, organic, non-toxic, edible, biodegradable, eco-friendly, easily adaptable and raw material is waste farm grown.

28 Discovery of a new oxygen sensor which prevents cell death during hypoxia

Heme protein sensors interact with various gaseous molecules, like CO, NO or O2, and play a crucial role in transcriptional and regulatory events. In general, the sensory domains of heme proteins control signal transduction domains like histidine kinases, phosphodiesterases, DNA-binding domains, guanylate cyclases, di-guanylate cyclase and aerotaxis transducers. CSIR-IICB has reported that globin-coupled heme containing adenylate cyclase from Leishmania major (HemAC-Lm), which regulates O2 dependent cAMP synthesis. Oxygen binding at heme iron of HemAC-Lm presumably triggers a conformational change in the sensor domain that, sequentially, stimulates the catalytic activity of the adenylate cyclase domain, resulting in the synthesis of the second messenger cAMP. This O2 dependent cAMP signalling is likely to function in cellular adaptability during hypoxia.

Fig: 1.7 Centre of diagram depicts heme containing adenylate cyclase from Leishmania

major, which regulates O2 dependent cAMP synthesis. This cAMP signaling (red dot) is likely to function in cellular adaptability during hypoxia (light blue) and normoxia (deep blue). The color gradient from outer to inner circle represents the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (pink), protein kinase A activity (green)and cAMP (red).

Micro RNA, miR-125b regulates spindle assembly checkpoint gene MAD1 and cell fate

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a ‘wait-anaphase’ miR-125b miR-125b mechanism that has evolved in eukaryotic cells in response to the stochastic nature of chromosome–spindle attachments. In MAD1 MAD1 the recent past, different aspects of the SAC regulation have been described. However, the role of micro-RNAs in the SAC is Mad1 vaguely understood. CSIR-IICB has reported here that Mad1, a Mad1 core SAC protein, is repressed by human miR-125b. Mad1 serves as an adaptor protein for Mad2 – which functions to TEMPORARY SAC ON SAC OFF inhibit anaphase entry till the chromosomal defects in MITOTIC DELAY AND CIN metaphase are corrected. CSIR-IICB also showed that PREMATURE MITOTIC EXIT AND CIN CELL DEATH exogenous expression of miR-125b, through down regulation CELL PROLIFERATION of Mad1, delays cells at metaphase. As a result of this delay, cells proceed towards apoptotic death, which follows from Fir: 1.8 Proposed model for the regulation of elevated chromosomal abnormalities upon ectopic expression Mad1 and cell fate by miR-125b

29 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

of miR-125b. Moreover, expressions of Mad1 and miR-125b are inversely correlated in a variety of cancer cell lines, as well as in primary head and neck tumor tissues. It was concluded that increased expression of miR-125b inhibits cell proliferation by suppressing Mad1 and activating the SAC transiently. CSIR-IICB hypothesize an optimum Mad1 level and thus, a properly scheduled SAC is maintained partly by miR-125b.

Indirect read-out of the promoter DNA by RNA polymerase in the closed complex

Transcription is initiated when RNA polymerase recognizes the duplex promoter DNA in the closed complex. Due to its transient nature, the closed complex has not been well characterized. How the initial promoter recognition occurs may offer important clues to regulation of transcription initiation. CSIR-IICB has carried out single- base pair substitution experiments on two Escherichia coli promoters belonging to two different classes, the −35 and the extended −10, under conditions which stabilize the closed complex. Single-base pair substitution experiments indicate modest base-specific effects on the stability of the closed complex of both promoters. Mutations of base pairs in the −10 region affect the closed complexes of two promoters differently, suggesting different modes of interaction of the RNA polymerase and the promoter in the two closed 70 complexes. Two residues on s which have been suggested to play important role in promoter recognition, Q437 and R436, were mutated and found to have different effects on the closed-complex stability. Fig: 1.9 Docking of interacting part of s70 to the l-PR DNA circular dichroism (CD) and FRET suggest that the promoter (left) and the galP1 promoter (right). promoter DNA in the closed complex is distorted. Modeling suggests two different orientations of the recognition helix of the RNA polymerase in the closed complex. CSIR-IICB scientists propose that the RNA polymerase recognizes the sequence dependent conformation of the promoter DNA in the closed complex.

Macrophage activation ensured by miRNP deactivation

How the miRNA targeted pro-inflammatory genes escape miRNA-mediated repression during macrophage activation is a long-standing unresolved issue in immunology. CSIR-IICB has shown how a transient reversal on miRNA-mediated gene repression during macrophage activation ensures inflammatory response in mammalian

Fig: 1.10a Macrophage activation at the cost of miRNA dysfunction: Fig: 1.10b Proposed Model Pathogen Leishmania donovani evades macrophages defective for AGO2 phosphorylation and hence poorer to show inflammatory response

30 macrophage cells. The laboratory identified that phosphorylation of AGO2, happening in stimulated macrophage, is necessary for miRNA unbinding and thus also for de-repression of miRNA-targeted pro- inflammatory genes in activated macrophages. The importance of transient reversal of miRNA-activity in macrophage activation and pathogen invasion has been shown. Cells defective for AGO2 phosphorylation that could ensures de-repression of miRNA activity upon stimulation become more vulnerable for pathogen infection.

Amyloid inhibitor octapeptide forms amyloid type fibrous aggregate and affect in microtubule motility

CSIR-IICB has shown that an amyloid inhibitor octapeptide simultaneously forms amyloid type fibrous aggregate in solution and strongly binds with tubulin as well as reduce microtubule gliding speed by generation of strong friction on microtubule motility through peptide-microtubule lattice interaction. The laboratory has also developed a novel assay to show that the octapeptide interacts with tubulin on 2D micropattern surface. This finding will help for the screening of potential microtubule targeted anticancer and anti-Alzheimer’s peptides and small molecules. Potential role of Mahanine in pancreatic adenocarcinoma Pancreatic cancer is almost always fatal, in part because of its delayed diagnosis, poor prognosis, rapid progression and chemoresistance. Oncogenic proteins are stabilized by the Hsp90, making it a potential therapeutic target. CSIR-IICB investigated the oxidative stress-mediated dysfunction of Hsp90 and the hindrance of its chaperonic activity by a carbazole alkaloid, mahanine, as a strategic therapeutic in pancreatic cancer. Growth inhibitory potential of mahanine was exhibited in different human cancer cell lines of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, myeloid leukemia, glioma, lung, colorectal, cervical including pancreatic cancer. It induced early accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to thiol oxidation, aggregation and dysfunction of Hsp90 in MIAPaCa-2. N-acetyl-L-cysteine prevented mahanine-induced ROS accumulation, aggregation of Hsp90, degradation of client proteins and cell death. Mahanine disrupted Hsp90-Cdc37 complex in MIAPaCa-2 as a consequence of ROS generation. Client proteins were restored by MG132, suggesting a possible role of ubiquitinylated protein degradation pathway. Surface plasmon resonance study demonstrated that the rate of interaction of mahanine with recombinant Hsp90 is in the range of seconds. Molecular dynamics simulation showed its weak interactions with Hsp90. However, no disruption of the Hsp90-Cdc37 complex was observed at an early time point, thus ruling out that mahanine directly disrupts the complex. It did not impede the ATP binding pocket of Hsp90. Mahanine also reduced in vitro migration and tube formation in cancer cells. Further, it inhibited orthotopic pancreatic tumor growth in nude mice. Taken together, these results from CSIR-IICB scientists provide evidence for mahanine-induced ROS-mediated destabilization of Hsp90 chaperone activity resulting in Hsp90- Cdc37 disruption leading to apoptosis, suggesting its potential as a specific target in pancreatic cancer. a b c

Fig: 1.11 Molecular modeling studies of Hsp90-mahanine interaction.

31 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

Mycobacterium tuberculosis acquires iron by cell-surface sequestration and internalization of human holo-transferrin Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), which requires iron for survival, acquires this element by synthesizing iron- binding molecules known as siderophores and by recruiting a host iron-transport protein, transferrin, to the phagosome. The siderophores extract iron from transferring and transport it into the bacterium. CSIR-IMTECH has described an additional mechanism for iron acquisition, consisting of an M. tb protein that drives transport of human holo-transferrin into M. tb cells. The pathogenic strain M.t H37Rv expresses several proteins that can bind human holo-transferrin. One of these proteins is the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, Rv1436), which is present on the surface of M. tb and its relative Mycobacterium smegmatis. Overexpression of GAPDH results in increased transferrin binding to M. tb cells and iron uptake. Human transferrin is internalized across the mycobacterial cell wall in a GAPDH-dependent manner within infected macrophages. The study has been published in August issue of Nature Communication 2014. Latency associated protein Acr1 impairs dendritic cell maturation and functionality: a possible mechanism of immune evasion by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) in latently infected individuals survives and thwarts the attempts of eradication by the immune system. During latency, Acr1 is predominantly expressed by the bacterium. However, whether M. tuberculosis exploits its Acr1 in impairing the host immunity remains widely unexplored. Hence, CSIR- IMTECH has investigated the role of Acr1 in influencing the differentiation and function of dendritic cells (DCs), which play a cardinal role in innate and adaptive immunity. Therefore, for the first time, researchers have revealed a novel mechanism of mycobacterial Acr1 in inhibiting the maturation and differentiation of DCs by inducing tolerogenic phenotype by modulating the expression of PD-L1; Tim-3; indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO); and interleukin 10. Furthermore, Acr1 interferes in the differentiation of DCs by targeting STAT-6 and STAT-3 pathways. Continuous activation of STAT-3 inhibited the translocation of NF-κB in Acr1-treated DCs. Furthermore, Acr1 also augmented the induction of regulatory T cells. These DCs displayed decline in their antigen uptake capacity and reduced ability to help T cells. Interestingly, M. tuberculosis exhibited better survival in Acr1-treated DCs. Thus, this study provides a crucial insight into a strategy adopted by M. tuberculosis to survive in the host by impairing the function of DCs. Naturally occurring plant based anti-cancer compound-Activity-Target database Plant derived molecules have been highly valued by biomedical researchers and pharmaceutical companies for developing drugs, as they are thought to be optimized during evolution. Therefore, CSIR-IMTECH has collected and compiled a central resource Naturally Occurring Plant-based Anti-cancer Compound-Activity-Target database (NPACT, http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/npact/) that gathers the information related to experimentally validated plant-derived natural compounds exhibiting anti-cancerous activity (in vitro and in vivo), to complement the other databases. It currently contains 1574 compound entries, and each record provides information on their structure, manually curated published data on in vitro and in vivo experiments along with reference for users referral, inhibitory values (IC(50)/ED(50)/EC(50)/GI(50)), properties (physical, elemental and topological), cancer types, cell lines, protein targets, commercial suppliers and drug likeness of compounds. NPACT can easily be browsed or queried using various options, and an online similarity tool has also been made available. Further, to facilitate retrieval of existing data, each record is hyperlinked to similar databases like Super Natural, Herbal Ingredients' Targets, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, PubChem and NCI-60 GI(50) data. Curcumin-loaded nanoparticles potently induce adult neurogenesis and reverse cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease model via canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway Neurogenesis, a process of generation of new neurons, is reported to be reduced in several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Induction of neurogenesis by targeting endogenous neural stem cells (NSC) could be a promising therapeutic approach to such diseases by influencing the brain self-regenerative

32 capacity. Curcumin, a neuroprotective agent, has poor brain bioavailability. CSIR-IITR has reported that curcumin- encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles (Cur-PLGA-NPs) potently induce NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation in vitro and in the hippocampus and subventricular zone of adult rats, as compared to uncoated bulk curcumin. Cur-PLGA-NPs induce neurogenesis by internalization into the hippocampal NSC. Cur-PLGA-NPs significantly increase expression of genes involved in cell proliferation (reelin, nestin, and Pax6) and neuronal differentiation (neurogenin, neuroD1, neuregulin, neuroligin, and Stat3). Curcumin nanoparticles increase neuronal differentiation by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, involved in regulation of neurogenesis. These nanoparticles caused enhanced nuclear translocation of β-catenin, decreased GSK-3β levels, and increased promoter activity of the TCF/LEF and cyclin-D1. Pharmacological and siRNA-mediated genetic inhibition of the Wnt pathway blocked neurogenesis-stimulating effects of curcumin. These nanoparticles reverse learning and memory impairments in an amyloid beta induced rat model of AD-like phenotypes, by inducing neurogenesis. In silico molecular docking studies suggest that curcumin interacts with Wif-1, Dkk, and GSK-3β. These results suggest that curcumin nanoparticles induce adult neurogenesis through activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and may offer a therapeutic approach to treating neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, by enhancing a brain self-repair mechanism.

Mechanism of curcumin nanoparticles action SFRP Wn-1 N Curcumin Wnt Wnt Wnt Curcumin Dkk-1

LRP5/6 P DSH/DVL P and Lc-1 Curcumin Treatment APC Axin Sb415286 may decrease Gsk3 beta & P-beta Gsk3 beta catenin level beta katenin P beta katenin Increased Accumulation of Cytosolic beta catenin beta-katenin and Increased nuclear beta-katenin Translocation

Curcumin Curcumin Increased Expression beta-katenin cyclinD of target gone for neuronal FH 535 Tcf/lef Proliferation and differentiation. Increased neurogenesis and decreased neurodegeneration

Fig: 1.12. Mechanism of Curcumin Nanoparticles action Activity against Ehrlich's ascites tumors of doxorubicin

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a well-known anticancer drug used for the treatment of a wide variety of cancers. However, undesired toxicity of DOX limits its uses. To address the issue of minimizing toxicity of DOX by making it targeted towards cancer cells, DOX was entrapped in self-assembled 6-O-(3-hexadecyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-hyaluronic acid (HDHA) nanoparticles. CSIR-IITR has hypothesized that by encapsulating the drug in biodegradable nanoparticles, its therapeutic efficacy would improve, if targeted against cancer cells. Institute has synthesized cell receptor targeted, DOX loaded HDHA nanoparticles (NPs) and non-targeted DOX loaded O-hexadecylated

33 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

dextran (HDD) nanoparticles (NPs) and characterized them for their entrapment efficiency, percent yield, drug load, surface morphology, particle size and in vitro drug release. The anticancer efficacy of DOX loaded HDHA- NPs was evaluated by measuring the changes in tumor volumes, tumor weights, and mean survival rate of Swiss albino mice grafted with Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. The animals were given HDHA-DOX-NPs (1.5 mg/kg b.wt.) intravenously and a green tea polyphenol, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (20 mg/kg b.wt.), orally through gavage. The targeted NP dose with EGCG significantly increased mean survival time of the animals and enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of the drug compared to the non-targeted NPs and free DOX. It has also been shown that these NPs (HDD and HDHA) were more active in the presence of EGCG than DOX alone in inducing apoptosis in EAC cells as evident by an increase in sub-G1 cells (percent), Annexin V positive cells and chromatin condensation along with the reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The study demonstrates that DOX loaded HDHA-NPs along with EGCG significantly inhibit the growth of EAC cells with ∼ 38-fold dose advantage compared to DOX alone and thus opens a new dimension in cancer chemotherapy.

Characterization of NPs Dynamic light scattering OH (DLS) Microscopy (TEM) HO O O O 14 CH3 O HO O O O 40 HO OH Modified NH n 30 Hyaluronic acid O (HA) 20 + 10 O OH O OH OH Targeted (HA-DOX) NP 0 1 10 100 1000 10000 Doxorubicin H (DOX) O O OH O O + Size 4 (c.m) OH H2N Targeted-DOX NP in In Vivo Studies: presence of EGCG Ehrlich ascites Body weight change in EAC mice Carcinoma (EAC) 200 Bearing Swiss Albino Mice

100 Effect of NP in targeted EAC Bearing Swiss Albino Mice * 0 Co Untre DOX DOX EGCG Non Non Targete Targeted ntro ated + targete targeted d NP NP + EGCG l EGCG d NP + EGCG

Targeted NP + EGCG * Targeted NP Healthy EGCG Non-targeted HDHA- Untreated DOX treated Non targeted NP+EGCG mouse treated HDD-DOX NP DOX NP+EGG

Non targeted NP Ø DOX + EGCG EGCG with targeted NPs increased life span in EAC bearing mice ~4- and 38-fold compared with non-targeted EGCG NPs and DOX treated groups respectively. DOX (*P < 0.05 vs. free DOX)

0 100 200 300 Biomaterials 34 (2013) 3064

Fig: 1.13 Enhanced cell receptor targeted anticancer activity of self-assembled doxorubicin nanoparticles in presence of green tea polyphenol against Ehrlich's ascites tumors

Adverse respiratory health and hematological alterations among agricultural workers occupationally exposed to organophosphate (OP) pesticides: a cross-sectional study in North India Non-protective work practices followed by farm workers during spraying of pesticides lead to occupational exposure among them. CSIR-IITR has explored respiratory health and hematological profile of agricultural workers occupationally exposed to OP pesticides. A cross sectional study was undertaken among 166 pesticide sprayers working in mango orchards of Lucknow which was compared with 77 controls to assess the respiratory illness, lung functions, cholinesterase levels and hematological profile. A questionnaire based survey and clinical examination for respiratory health were conducted among study subjects. Lung function test was conducted among study subjects by using spirometer. Cholinesterase level as biomarker of OP pesticides and hematological profile of study subjects were investigated in the laboratory by following the standard protocols. Overall respiratory morbidity observed among exposed subjects was 36.75%. Symptoms for respiratory illness like dry cough,

34 productive cough, wheezing, irritation of throat and blood stained sputum were found to be significantly more (p<0.05) among pesticide sprayers than controls. Lung function parameters viz. PEFR, FEV1, %PEFR predicted, %FEV1 predicted and FEV1/FVC were found to be significantly decreased (p<0.05) among pesticide sprayers as compared to controls. Exposure wise distribution of respiratory illness and lung functions among pesticide sprayers show that the exposure duration significantly elevates (p<0.05) the respiratory problems and significantly decreases (p<0.001) lung functions among pesticide sprayers. Activities of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase were found to be significantly depleted (p<0.001) among pesticide sprayers as compared to controls which show the exposure of OP pesticides among them. The hematological profile viz. RBC, WBC, monocytes, neutrophils, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelet count were significantly altered (p<0.001) in pesticide sprayers than controls. Study conducted by CSIR-IITR scientists shows that the unsafe occupational exposure of OP pesticides causes respiratory illness, decreased lung functions and hematological alterations among pesticide sprayers. Arsenic detoxification and arsenate reductase activity in bacterial strains isolated from West Bengal of India Arsenic (As) is in general toxic to living forms. However, there are some microorganisms capable of detoxifying the toxic form of As. Metal resistance in bacteria is often encoded by genes located on plasmids. A typical ars operon contains either (arsRBC) or five (arsRDABC) genes that generally transcribe as a single unit. Six bacterial strains (NBRIEAG-6, 7,8,9,11,12), resistant to high arsenic content in soil of West Bengal CSIR-NBRI has tested for the presence of the ars operon. For amplification of ars genes, primers used were designed specifically for arsR, arsC, arsC* arsD, arsA, arsB, arsB*, arsAB, arsH, arrA, arrB, aoxA, aoxB, aoxC, aoxD, aroA, aroB. These primers amplified a gene fragment corresponding to the respective ars operon from the genomic DNA of the bacterial strains. The presence of ars operon was confirmed in all the isolated bacterial strains. These six bacterial strains encoded most of the genes, in which arsR is the first gene within the operon and is only transcribed after the cells come into contact with As arsR gene express the regulatory protein and overexpression of these As specific regulatory proteins increased the cellular concentration of As. Expression of ars gene in bacterial cell greatly methylates As (III) to relatively less toxic pentavalent species-DMAV and TMAO. This mechanism is more appropriate in NBRIEAG-8 strain and enhances the rate of volatilization. Arsenate reductase assay demonstrated that all the six isolated strains were capable to reduce arsenate to arsenite by the enzyme arsenate reductase. This activity was very high in NBRIEAG-9 strain. This result is supported by the presence of arsC gene in the bacterial genome.

Arsenate Reductase 12

10

8

6

4

nmol min-1 mg-1 protein 2

0 NBRIEAG-6 NBRIEAG-7 NBRIEAG-8 NBRIEAG-9 NBRIEAG-11 NBRIEAG-12

Fig: 1.14 Arsenate reductase activity in isolated bacterial strains

35 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

Transcriptome analysis elucidates papaverine biosynthesis in poppy CSIR-NBRI has carried out transcriptome analysis of high papaverine mutant (pap1) and normal cultivar (BR086) of Papaver somniferum in an attempt to elucidate papaverine biosynthesis and identify putative genes involved in uncharacterized steps. This natural mutant synthesizes more than 12-fold papaverine in comparison to BR086. More than 238 Mb transcriptome data separately for pap1 and BR086 was established. Assembly of reads generated 127,342 and 106,128 unigenes in pap1 and BR086, respectively. Digital gene expression analysis of transcriptomes revealed 3,336 differentially expressing unigenes. Enhanced expression of (S)-norcoclaurine- 6-O-methyltransferase (6OMT), (S)-3’-hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine, 4’-O-methyltransferase (4’OMT), norreticuline 7-O-methyltransferase (N7OMT) and down-regulation of reticuline 7-O-methyltransferase pap1 in comparison to BR086 suggest (S)-coclaurine as the route for papaverine biosynthesis. This study also identified several methyltransferases and dehydrogenases with enhanced expression in pap1 in comparison to BR086. Transgenic plants with improved anti-osteoporosis activity CSIR-NBRI has developed transgenic tobacco lines, constitutively co-expressing AtMYB12 and GmIFS1 (soybean IFS) genes and their phytochemical and molecular analyses carried out to develop strategies for isoflavonoid biosynthesis in non-leguminous plants. Leaves of co-expressing transgenic lines were found to have elevated flavonol content along with accumulation of substantial amount of genistein glycoconjugates being at the highest levels that could be engineered in tobacco leaves. Estrogen deficient (ovariectomized, Ovx) mice fed with leaf extract from transgenic plant coexpressing AtMYB12 and GmIFS1 exhibited significant conservation of trabecular microarchitecture, reduced expression of osteoclastogenic genes, higher total serum antioxidant levels and increased uterine estrogenicity compared to Ovx mice treated with vehicle (control). The skeletal effect of the transgenic extract was comparable to estrogen treated Ovx mice. Together, these results establish an efficient strategy for successful pathway engineering of isoflavones and other flavonoids in crop plants and provide a direct evidence of improved osteoprotective effect of transgenic plant extract. Role of gluconokinase in senescence The gluconokinase gene was previously found to be induced at the time of flower senescence in gladiolus. To understand its role in senescence in detail CSIR-NBRI has standardized, assays for studying gluconokinase (GK) activity. Gluconokinase activity was found to progressively increase during the course of floral senescence starting from stage 0 (open flower) onwards, concomitantly with an increase in transcript level. In view of the increase in gluconokinase transcript and activity during senescence, the effect of the GK substrate gluconate was studied on leaves and flowers. Feeding gluconate to excised leaves and flowers led to an increase in petal and leaf wilting and loss of structure within 36-48 hrs (Fig. 1.15). A decrease in Fv/Fm values upon gluconate treatment was observed in leaves using Imaging PAM Chlorophyll Fluorometer (Fig. 1.16). The decrease in Fv/Fm values within 48h of treatment indicates either the inactivation of reaction centres or chlorophyll degradation. No such change was observed in flowers and leaves treated with water or with an equivalent concentration of glucose. These studies provide evidence for a hitherto unknown role for gluconokinase-gluconate in senescence in plants.

Water

10 mM Gluconate

Fig: 1.15 Gluconate induced wilting and loss of turgidity in flowers of tobacco (left) and gladiolus (right)

36 MQ

2 MM Glucose

2 MM Gluconate

Oh 24h 48h

MQ

2mM Glucose

2mM Gluconate

Oh 24h 48h Fig: 1.16 Chlorophyll fluorescence images of tobacco (top) and Arabidopsis (bottom) leaves upon treatment with gluconate (scale on the right indicates the colour code for corresponding Fv/Fm ratios)

Identification and functional characterization of methyl jasmonate-elicited transcriptional responses and pentacyclic triterpene biosynthesis in Sweet Basil Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) has been widely used in traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of various ailments and is well recognized for the pharmacological activities of its diverse secondary metabolites. CSIR-CIMAP has studied transcriptional changes in sweet basil after methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment and several candidate MeJA-responsive unique transcripts, including transcripts of the secondary metabolic pathways, such as terpenoids and identified phenylpropanoids/flavonoids. Integrated transcript and metabolite analysis revealed MeJA-induced biosynthesis of the medicinally important ursane-type and oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpenes in sweet basil. The outcome of this research will be helpful in developing metabolic engineering strategies for enhanced production of medicinally important ursane-type and oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpenes. Non-dormant seeds in cleistogamous strains of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) CSIR-CIMAP has developed Cleistogamous strains in periwinkle to facilitate maintenance of genetic purity and seed production in the absence of pollinators. These strains did not exhibit any seed dormancy, with seeds germinating on the second day after their harvest. Advantages being low seed dormancy would be useful in reducing the occurrence of volunteer plants in periwinkle fields. Cleistogamy coupled with low seed dormancy would be ideal for development of transgenics in periwinkle. Increase in stress resistance, ROS scavenging activity and life span by Ocimum sanctum extracts in model organism Caenorhabditis elegans The discovery of a wide range of chemical modulators of aging in model organisms encourages new strategies for attacking age associated diseases. The compounds which could have similar effect would prove a boon to mankind. CSIR-CIMAP has used the effect of different pharmacological doses of Ocimum sanctum extracts were used to determine their impact on life span, thermo tolerance, brood size and ROS

37 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

scavenging activities. Some of the extracts significantly extended life span and increased resistance to thermal stress. It is suggested that the protective and life span prolonging action of the aqueous extracts are not only due to their antioxidant capacity but may also be mediated by modulation of some signaling pathways thereby increasing stress tolerance and life span in C. elegans. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of NBS-Encoding Genes in Malus x domestica

Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to identify and produce specific defense response against wide range of pathogens. Highly stringent computational methods resulted in identification of NBS-LRR gene family comprising of 1015 NBS-LRRs in Malus x domestica. CSIR-IHBT has characterized the family based on structural diversity among NBS-LRR proteins, annotations of functional domains using MEME, chromosomal location within the genome and identification of duplication events. The identified candidate proteins were further analyzed for comparative phylogeny between apple NBS-LRR proteins and functionally known NBS-LRR proteins of other related plant species. Digital expression analysis using an expressed-sequence tags (EST) database and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of selected genes under various disease conditions was also carried out. This investigation will be helpful in selecting candidate disease resistance genes which would serve as a potential resource for improvement of disease resistance in apple. Land use land cover mapping of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh CSIR-IHBT has mapped the land use land cover (LULC) of Chamba district of HP using remote sensing. The classification of LANDSAT satellite image resulted in nine broad LULC classes in the region (Fig.1.17). The result illustrates that major portion of land constituting 54.20 % is under forest cover and alpine pastures. The grass/scrub land and barren land constitute 9.65 % area. Its 9.71 % region is occupied by agricultural and built-up areas. The 26.42 % region is under snow, scree slopes and water bodies.

Forest Cover Grass/Scrub Land Builtup Agriculture Barren Land Water Bodies Alpine Pasture Snow Covered Scree Slope

Fig: 1.17 Satellite image and land use land cover map of Chamba district (HP)

1.1.2 Technology Developed

Novel Uricase Enzyme

CSIR-IMTECH has discovered two novel mutant uricases having better enzymatic efficiency (2 to 3 times higher) compared to that of the wild type uricase enzyme. The main advantages of the present invention are higher activity and optimum pH of activity is close to the biological pH 7 which helps the enzyme to retain almost entire activity (close to 100%) when administered as drug. This enzyme can be used in clinical diagnosis kits to measure the serum uric acid levels and for their use as a potential drug. An Indian patent has been filed for these enzyme mutants.

38 Designer whole cell biocatalysts

CSIR-IMTECH has developed whole cell-biocatalysts referred as “designer whole cell biocatalysts” having significantly enhanced conversion rate for asymmetric reduction of variant ketones to their alcohols specially efficient conversion of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutyrate to produce ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate in >99.9% enatiomeric excess, which is useful as chiral building block and an intermediate for the production of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors.

Method for assaying glycated protein

An assay system has been developed by CSIR-IMTECH for the detection of glycated hemoglobin and glycated albumin fractions in the diagnosis of diabetic patients. The innovation is based on affinity separation of the non- glycated and glycated fractions in the sample wherein the glycated portion remains bound to the affinity matrix while the non-glycated fraction elutes out. The total analyte (glycated + non-glycated fraction) and eluted fraction (non-glycated) are measured separately using a receptor molecule for the analyte. The percentage glycation is measured by subtraction of the total with non-glycated fraction. The innovation could be extended to measurement of percentage of glycation of other glycated proteins in a sample. An Indian patent has been filed for this assay system.

CSIR Developed Clot Specific Streptokinase Enters into Phase-2 Human Clinical Trials

The Clot Specific Streptokinase (CSSK), a novel patented thrombolytic biopharmaceutical therapeutic protein drug licensed from the CSIR-IMTECH has received permission from the Drugs Controller General of India (DGCI) in February 2013 to conduct Phase-2 human clinical trial to test the efficacy of CSSK in the patients of heart attack, a condition known as Acute Myocardial Infarction. M/s Symmetrix Biotech Pvt. Ltd. has been carrying out the clinical development of CSSK, also known as SMRX-11.

Candidate Drugs under Advance Stages of Development from CSIR-CDRI

Diseases / Candidate Drugs Clinical Status Licensees & Disorders Collaborators

Malaria 97-78 Phase-I Clinical pharmacokinetic studies has been IPCA Lab., Antimalarial completed in 16 healthy male volunteers at PGIMER, Mumbai Chandigarh in collaboration with IPCA. The Phase-I Clinical Trial Multiple doses studies at PGIMER, Chandigarh to commence soon pending procurement of the formulation from IPCA.

Diabetes & CDR134D123 Awaiting clearance from DGCCRAS New Expert TVC Sky Dyslipidemia Anti-hyperglycemic committee for inclusion of the plant in the Extra Shop Ltd., Ayurvedic Pharmacopia to avail marketing Mumbai permission in herbal mode.

CDR134F194 The process of formulation of CDR134F194 in Anti-hyperglycemic a GMP certified company is in progress. The Phase- I Clinical trial to be initiated soon at KEM Hospital & Seth GS Medical College.

39 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

Potential New Leads from CSIR-CDRI Diseases / Candidate Drugs Clinical Status Licensees & Disorders Collaborators Osteoporosis CDR914K058 Synthetic process is being developed. Project has Kemxtree, USA Osteogenic been submitted under BIPP scheme for funding for further studies. S007-1500 Mechanism of action studies show that compound Open for Rapid fracture stimulates osteoblast differentiation by activating licensing healing ER/BMP2signaling pathway. PK studies are in progress. It is safe in Single Dose Toxicity Studies in Rat and mice by oral route (50,100 mg/kg bw). Cancer S007-1235 Compound found Cytotoxic to T315IBCR-ABL Under Anti-leukemic mutant leukemia patient samples as well as negotiation CD133+ colon cancer stem cells, with higher efficacy than salinomycin. Target identified as PTX sensitive GPCRs. Confirmation of target ongoing. S-009-131 Oral administration resulted in regression of Open for Anticancer tumours induced by HeLa cell xenografts in licensing nod SCID mice. Inhibited proliferation of HeLa and C33A by inducing apoptosis & arresting cell cycle. Thrombosis S007-867 Platelet-collagen interaction inhibition by this chiral Under Antithrombotic compound led to inhibition of platelet adhesion and negotiation aggregation. It exhibited potential antithrombotic efficacy in various experimental models of thrombosis with nominal increase in the bleeding time. Safety pharmacology and toxicity studies have found it safe. It is a first in class approach for potential anti-platelet molecule. S002-333 This is yet another prototype to prevent platelet Antithrombotic collagen interaction and potential anti-platelet racemic molecule. Safety studies conducted so far have demonstrated it to be safe. Diabetes & CDR267F018 This standardised fraction from mangrove fruit has Open for Dyslipidemia Antidyslipidemic potent anti- dyslipidemic activity in various licensing animal models of Dyslipidemia having both preventive and curative potential. The compound has been found safe in Monkey toxicity studies and have been recommended by the MOES project steering Committee for filing IND. CDR914K058 Compound showed protection against dex-induced Open for insulin resistance. In db/db mice K058 induced licensing robust glucose clearance, drastically improved lipid profile, eliminated hepatic steatosis, protected pancreatic beta cells against diabetes-induced apoptosis and induced browning in white adipose tissue. Detailed mechanistic analysis revealed that K058 is the first in class orally active small molecule adiponectin mimetic. Patent has been filed.

40 New processes for food products for commercial exploitation CSIR-CFTRI has developed new processes for seven food products for commercial exploitation which include: Annatto seed separator; Fruit jam slices; Shelf-stable convenience mix: A cooking base; Shelf-stable varieties of curry pastes for vegetarian and non-vegetarian traditional cuisines; A device for continuous forming and frying of boondi; Production of turmeric powder from fresh turmeric rhizome; and Low fat expanded green snack using moringa leaves. Nutraceutical products from pumpkin CSIR-CFTRI has screened four commercial cultivars of pumpkin viz., Disco, Arjun, Nati long and Nati round, for their physicochemical compositions. Cultivar, Nati endowed with highest carotenoid content was selected for the development of different nutraceutical products. Pumpkin dry powder was obtained by spray drying, drum drying and hot air drying methods and instant beverage mix, pumpkin custard mix were developed. Value added products from Black grapes CSIR-CFTRI has developed Anthocyanin-rich value added products from black grapes. Ready to serve beverage (RTS) containing peeled whole grapes showed higher anthocyanin (2.52 mg/100g) content than normal grape beverage (1.52 mg/100g). Anthocyanin content of the products viz. dehydrated black grapes (48.5 mg/100g), grape jam (2.40 mg/100g) and grape candy from peeled grapes (10.3 mg/100g) revealed that these products had substantially higher anthocyanin content. Chemical and sensory quality profiling of the products showed that these products were highly acceptable during three months storage at room temperature. Plant proteins- based staple foods CSIR-CFTRI has replaced flour obtained from wheat of two different commercial wheat varieties viz. Triticum durum and Triticum aestivum, by black gram (Vigna mungo) at 30, 40, 50 and 60% proportions for pasta preparation. With incorporation of black gram, farinograph water absorption (FWA) increased in flour blends due to increased protein content. Sensory, colour, particle size distribution, cooking loss and texture studies favoured 40% replaced blends of both aestivum and durum which were optimised for pasta preparation. These pasta samples were subjected to biochemical and nutritional evaluations. SDS PAGE showed an increase of protein bands supporting the increase in crude protein value (15%) compared to control (11%). SEM exhibits increase in protein matrix distribution entrapped starch granules. In vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) increased from 70% (control) to 89% (40% BG). Mineral content levels of iron and calcium increased relative to control. Sensory analysis showed high consumer acceptance with the samples. Anti-diabetic and diuretic banana pseudostem juice CSIR-CFTRI has developed Banana pseudostem juice by crushing the pseudostem. The pseudostem juice was converted to RTS beverage by increasing total soluble solid contents (6-12%) by adding sugar and acidity (0.2- 0.3%) by adding citric acid. The prepared beverages were screened out by testing their sensory quality and overall acceptability. The juice showed attractive creamy white colour with white sediments during storage undisturbed for 1-2 h. The juice was then filled into sterile glass bottles followed by airtight sealing and pasteurization in hot water (85°C) for 15 minutes. Diuretic property of the juice was confirmed by animal model studies. NBRMAP-DB: A safe hypoglycaemic herbal formulation for diabetes Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder resulting from either insulin insufficiency or insulin dysfunction. Type II diabetes is the more common form of diabetes constituting 90% of the diabetic population. Therefore, considering the prevalence and emergence of herbal drugs based on traditional knowledge, CSIR-NBRI and CSIR- CIMAP jointly developed a novel, safe poly-herbal formulation for management of diabetes conditions. Fig: 1.18 Packing of NBRMAP

41 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

A new Gladiolus cultivar: ‘NBRI-Heerak’ A new Gladiolus cultivar – ‘NBRI-Heerak’ was developed from a cross between the parents: ‘Yellow Stone’ (Female) x ‘My Love’ (Male). The specialty of the new cultivar is its exceptionally large floret size with attractive colour combination (creamy-yellow, pink and red) in unique pattern. This Gladiolus cultivar was released by Shri BL Joshi, the then Governor of Uttar Pradesh during the Annual Rose and Gladiolus Show on January 19, 2014.

Fig: 1.19a Gladiolus cv. 'Heerak'; Fig: 1.19b His Excellency Shri BL Joshi, the then Governor, UP, releasing the new Gladiolus cultivar

‘CIM-Kranti’ - cold tolerant variety of Mentha arvensis

CSIR-CIMAP has developed a new improved variety of Mentha arvensis named CIM-Kranti through half-sib selection in variety ‘Gomti’. The variety is high yielding and cold tolerant and yields more than 100 kg/ha oil with 80% menthol during winter sucker producing crop along with 250-300 q suckers/ha whereas the main summer crop of this plant also yields 10-12% more oil yield than the best available check variety CIM-Saryu. It has erect growth behavior, hardy, hairy and green stem. Its suckers are white in colour, Fig: 1.20 High yielding and cold tolerant soft and fibrous in nature. variety 'CIM-Kranti' of Mentha arvensis Development of a high citral rich essential oil yielding variety ‘CIM-Jyoti’ of lemon scented basil (Ocimum africanum Lour)

CSIR-CIMAP has developed a new variety ‘CIM-Jyoti’ of Ocimum through intensive breeding efforts for high yield of herb and essential oil with desirable quality of higher citral (68-75%). The variety ‘CIM-Jyoti’ consistently shows higher herbage and oil content and citral content in the field evaluation yield trials. The average herb yield is 200 q/ha and oil yield 150 kg/ha in variety ‘CIM-Jyoti’. The essential oil having good amount of citral is in high demand. The lemongrass crop is the only source of essential oil for the extraction of citral. However, lemongrass is a 4-5 years crop and farmers hesitate to cultivate lemongrass crop for such a long time in their fields. Farmers would like to take this type of oil from a short duration crop without disturbing their traditional cereal and other crops. This variety will Fig: 1.21 Lemon scented variety produce citral in a short duration of 70-80 days. It also fits in crop 'CIM- Jyoti' of Ocimum rotation/intercropping between wheat and paddy and with other vegetable crops of small farmers. Leaves of this variety can also be used in lemon tea.

42 Early Mint Technology- A novel agro-system for minimizing cost of production of Menthol mint oil CSIR-CIMAP has introduced an ‘Early mint technology’ which involves improved method the production of planting material (suckers / roots) by raising seedlings from suckers in winter season in poly houses/ polytunnels/ polycovers using modified method of transplanting/planting on ridges, withdrawing irrigation for about 10-15 days before harvest and using improved method of distillation. This technology has been adopted very well by the farmers. The technology advances the production about 20-30 days and minimizes expenditure on land, labour, water and fuel by about 20-25% with 15-20% increase in productivity. A new topical formulation ‘Relaxomap’ It is an aroma therapeutic topical formulation developed by CSIR-CIMAP, in the form of oil which utilizes unique combination of plant extracts, medicinally proven aromatic oils and is useful for relieving pain resulting from exhaustion. It also reduces inflammation and swellings. Popularization of seeds of Chia and quinoa along with growing practices to farmers from different parts of the country Chia and quinoa are extensively used in western cuisines and are increasingly consumed for their nutritional value and health benefits even in India. These seeds are not grown in India, and the seeds that are consumed in India are imported and hence prohibitively expensive. Hence, to make chia and quinoa commonly available to Indians, CSIR-CFTRI has developed high yielding quality seeds in its farms, and distributed to farmers from different parts of India free of cost, besides educating them about the seeds and agronomy practices. Conservation of halophytes and their exploitation for potential gene resource: raising of halophytic park and greening of Salt Farm Halophytes are major unique genetic resource in the coastal are of Gujarat. CSIR-CSMCRI has developed a halophytic park by planting 18 different species of halophytes. Greening of salt farm was made by planting Salvadora persica at the border of salt pan after modification by adding fresh soil. The tissue culture work is conducted to establish the regeneration protocol in Salicornia brachiata using somatic embryogenesis and direct regeneration. Aleuropus lagopoides plant was studied in detail for the salt excretion and crystal composition and it was observed that these plants secrete Na+ crystals from the leaf surface. ‘Him Glow’and ‘Him Peace’ CSIR-IHBT has developed and released new cultivars of Gerbera jamesonii viz. Him Glow and Him Peace. These have been developed. The cultivars were selected based on flower shapes, bright colours and long vase life. The cultivars have been developed through controlled hybridization programme using characterized gerbera lines as parents and selecting the promising hybrid genotypes based on floral attributes and field performance. The cultivars have illustrated promising nursery performance and show vigorous growth and adaptability under greenhouse conditions.

Fig:1.22 Him Glow Fig:1.23 Him Peace

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New Advances in the integrated Management of food processing waste in India and Europe: use of Sustainable Technologies for the Exploitation of by-products into new foods and feeds (NAMASTE) Under the coordinated call between the European Union (EU) and the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, with participants from both EU countries (Italy, United Kingdom, Spain, Hungary, Netherlands, Germany) and India (Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu the NAMASTE project is aimed to develop innovative, comprehensive and industry-relevant approaches for the valorization of citrus, mango and pomegranates by-products and wheat and rice bran through environmentally and economically sustainable conversion of these by-products into healthy food ingredients, foods and feeds. CSIR-NEIST is the coordinating institute from India and has worked intensively on Rice bran for development of new potential products. Protocols have been developed for stabilization and preservation of rice bran, extraction of natural colour (anthocyanin) from pigmented rice bran, fermented rice bran and dietary fibre from rice bran. The products are shown below:

Fig.1.24a Stabilized Rice Bran obtained Fig. 1.24b Fermented Rice Bran Fig. 1.24c Fermented Rice Bran from from Black Rice variety(Mn) from white Rice Variety (Ms) Black Rice Variety (Mn)

Fig: 1.24d Dietary Fiber Component extracted Fig 1.24e Anthocyanin component extracted from pigmented from the white Rice Bran sample (Ms) Rice Bran Sample(Mn)

44 MicroPCR A battery operated hand held MicroPCR for diagnosis of various diseases developed under CSIR-NMITLI programme launched by Hon’ble Minister for Science & Technology in august presence of Hon’ble President of India on Technology Day 2013. The diseases which can be diagnosed are: Tuberculosis, Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Hepatitis B and H1N1. This is a global product which has been patented in over 100 countries. The device is currently expected to cost a tenth of a conventional real-time PCR and a fifth of existing NAAT tests in the market and these can further come down with scale and early adoption by governmental programs. The product is available in Indian and global market. PCR, though an extremely sensitive and specific medical technology, is not widely used in India due to the high expense of PCR equipment, requirement of skilled technicians and extensive laboratory infrastructure. The Truelab Uno™ microPCR device is low cost, light weight, battery-operated and portable, making it ideal for Fig: 1.25 Micro PCR deployment in any type of setting including primary health centres (PHCs). The device uses a disposable microchip with pre-loaded reagents, enabling minimally trained users to perform PCR tests at the touch of a button. The test results from the Truelab device can be transmitted through its mobile-enabled data push functionality, allowing automated disease surveillance and rapid response to outbreaks and epidemics. Bigtec has developed and validated Truenat™ microPCR chips for detection of Tuberculosis, Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Hepatitis B and H1N1, ailments that contribute significantly to the disease burden in India. Bigtec has also developed a stand-alone, semi-automated portable sample preparation device (Trueprep- MAG™) for isolation of nucleic acids from biological specimens. The device’s performance is equivalent to commercial kits for sample preparation with the advantage of using a single battery-operated device for the preparation process. Samples can be processed at the point of collection, eliminating the need for cold chain transport thereby drastically reducing sample-to-result timeframes. Molbio Diagnostics, a joint venture between Bigtec Labs and the Tulip Group, Goa, is marketing the Truelab and Trueprep devices in India and abroad. The company intends to further validate it for TB test with RNTCP, for TB and drug resistant TB detection in a bid to empower the national TB detection and control programs. Also, Government Programmes such as the National Vector Borne Disease Control Program would benefit greatly from the availability of reliable and affordable diagnostics tools in tackling the spread of epidemics. The company is currently developing tests for HIV, Hepatitis C, and other STDs and respiratory pathogens, so that Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (NAAT) can become the gold standard for diagnosis of prevalent infectious diseases. The device is currently expected to cost a tenth of a conventional real-time PCR and a fifth of existing NAAT tests in the market and these can further come down with scale and early adoption by governmental programs. NonClonableID Technology for Medical Product Authentication One of the key challenges facing India in the pharmaceutical space, both in domestic and export sectors, is that of counterfeit drugs with dire implications to not only the pharmaceutical companies but also government authorities and the general public. In this context, product accountability and traceability has been recognized as a critical need for providing quality medical products. The issue covers not only detecting counterfeits or eliminating illegal duplicates but more importantly to also ensure that medicine of genuine origin is consumed by the patients. Under the CSIR-NMITLI programme, CSIR in partnership with an industry has worked towards the challenge of demonstrating the ability of a novel nonClonableID technology to address the unmet needs in medical product authentication and patient safety. The nonClonableID technology, based on novel aspects of material science and

45 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

utilizing the law of randomness, creates unique non-duplicable fingerprints. These fingerprints when processed, digitized and activated function as unique identification tags. The nonClonableID tags have been developed which can be utilized for establishing product accountability through secured traceability from the point of origin to the point of dispensation, authenticity check and establishing e-pedigree. Tangible benefits of the technology in improving patient compliance to medications have also been demonstrated. Diabetic formulation Under the CSIR-New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative programme, a herbal based formulation was developed for treatment of diabetes. The knowhow has been transferred to M/s Viridis Biopharma Pvt Ltd., Mumbai. Licensing agreement for the purpose was signed between CSIR and Viridis on August 8, 2013. It is expected that the transfer of the knowhow of the formulation would lead to marketing of a product developed through CSIR-NMITLI effort finally, aimed at affordable healthcare focus of CSIR. Development of Dental implants - Phase II study The current standard of care for replacement of missing tooth/teeth is by prosthetic teeth supported by dental implants though other conventional modalities are also widely used. Approximately one lakh fifty thousand plus implants are currently used in our country with the presence of about 25-30 international products, while no Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) / Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) approved Indian Product is in the market. Indian Doctors are dependent on the use of imported implants and the cost of treatment is quite high thus eliminating the use of this modality in a large number of patients. In the Phase I project, the dental implants and tool kits for dental implants were successfully developed in house at IIT-Delhi. The limited clinical trials at Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences (MAIDS) were successful. On the recommendations of Monitoring Committee, the Phase II project is being proposed for development and optimization of the manufacturing processes of the implant and prosthetic accessories in a regulatory and industry norms compliant facility at IIT Delhi and a clinical trial to check the efficacy and safety of the implant in all clinical therapeutic configurations viz. single tooth implant (cementable and screw retained prosthetics), multiple implant retained prosthetics, full arch implant fixed prostheses and implant overdentures. Since the Dental Implant is an implantable medical device which comes in contact with human tissues for long duration; it is regulated under the ambit of the Medical Devices Cell of the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) which is under the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI). The regulatory requirements mandate the clinical trial or marketing of such implants only after due approvals from this agency under Good Clinical Practices (GCP) norms. Moreover the manufacturing of these devices has to be done under approval from this agency and norms like GMP - ISO 13485 for the manufacturing have to be met with. It is with this intent that a second phase project was developed and implemented in October 2013 in order to create a regulatory norms compliant test manufacturing facility at IIT Delhi and conduct a duly approved multi-centric trial of these implants at Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Science (MAIDS) as a nodal clinical center to establish the safety and efficacy of indigenously developed NMITLI dental implants. 1.1.3 Unique Major Facilities CSIR-CFTRI as Food Regulatory Body Recognizing the technical competence of vast scientific pool of CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore; Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) designated it as National Referral Laboratory under the provisions of Food Safety and Standards Act (FSSA). By providing valuable scientific inputs, the institute contributed significantly in strengthening the National Food regulatory system. The laboratory has a team of highly qualified and competent professionals supported with modern analytical infrastructure and state-of-art equipments. The laboratory has maintained the Accreditation requirements and status of ISO/IEC 17025-2005 standard. The laboratory is accredited by NABL for over 300 test parameters under Chemical and Biological discipline.

46 Customer Service Cell of the Institute provided support to 364 food industries / agencies. A total of 1212 regulatory food samples received from courts, port/customs and FSSA were also analysed for compliance to National food regulations. 1.2 CHEMICAL SCIENCES CLUSTER 1.2.1 Scientific Excellence During the year many research works from CSIR laboratories were chosen by International Journals to appear on its cover. Following table gives details of such excellent scientific endeavours Cover Page Articles in Journals: 2013

Total synthesis and structure The first total synthesis of Confirmation of Cryptocaryol; nhatrangin; A Organic & A European Journal of Organic Biomolecular Chemistry 11(27): Chemistry 6: 1013-1176, 4421-4560, 2013, CSIR-IICT 2013, CSIR-IICT

Phosphonic acid appended Supramolecular Chemistry of naphthalene Diimide motif for Protoporphyrin IX and Its self-assembly into tunable Derivatives; ‘European Journal of nanostructures through molecular Organic Chemistry’ 19: recognition with arginine in water; 3924–4174, 2013, CSIR-IICT Chemical Communications 49( 48) 5431–5518, CSIR-IICT,

Back Cover: A Pyridyl- Monoannulated Naphthalene Imidazopyridine-oxindole Diimide Motif Self-Assembles into conjugate witrh β chain Tuneable Nanostructures by Means aminoacids of tubulin ChemMed of Solvophobic Control ‘Chemistry- Chem: A Journal of ChemPubSoc, A European Journal’ 19(23) Europe Vol 12, 2013, CSIR-IICT 7253–7636, 2013, CSIR-IICT

Ultrasound stimulated nucleation Debendra K.Mohapatra et al, and growth of adye assembly into ‘Asian Journal of Organic extended gel nano-structures. Chemistry’: Vol 12/02, 2013, Chemistry-A European Journal, CSIR-IICT 2013, 19 (1299-13001) CSIR-NIIST

A supramolecular----- model made of a multiphyrinic array constructed around a C60 core and C60-imidazole derivative Chemistry-A European Journal 2014, 20(223-31) CSIR-NIIST

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Reversible anionic redox chemistry in high-capacity layered-oxide electrodes

Li-ion batteries have contributed to the commercial success of portable electronics and may soon dominate the transportation market. Classical positive electrodes for Li-ion technology operate mainly through an insertion–deinsertion redox process involving cationic species. However, this mechanism is insufficient to account for the high capacities exhibited by the new generation of Li-rich (LiI+XNiyCozMn(I−X−Y−Z)O2) layered oxides that present unusual Li reactivity. In an attempt to overcome both the inherent composition and the structural complexity of this class of oxides, CSIR-CECRI has designed structurally related Li2RuI−ySnyO3 materials that have a single redox cation and exhibit sustainable reversible capacities as high as 230 mA.h g−1. On the basis of an arsenal of characterization techniques, the reactivity of these high-capacity materials towards Li entails cumulative + (n+1)+ 2− 2− cationic (Mn → M ) and anionic (O → O2 ) reversible redox processes, owing to the d–sp hybridization associated with a reductive coupling mechanism. Because Li2MO3 is a large family of compounds, this study opens the door to the exploration of a vast number of high-capacity materials towards Li entails cumulative cationic and 2− 2− anionic (O → O2 ) reversible redox processes, owing to the d–sp hybridization associated with a reductive coupling mechanism. Because Li2MO3 is a large family of compounds, this study opens the door to the exploration of a vast number of high-capacity materials.

b Pristene 4 V

a 2.85A 5+ .. Ru4+ Ru M(n-1).+. M(n-1)+ 4+ 2- Sn Peroxo (O2 ) Sn 4+ n+ n+ M M 4.6 V Ru5+ Peroxo-like Species 2.42 A M(n-1)+ M(n-1)+

Superoxo (O2 )

4+ Sn

Fig: 1.26 Shows anionic redox chemistry in high capacity layered oxides electrodes. a, The reductive coupling mechanism of two oxo-ligands coordinated to the transition metals leads to a single or double metal reduction depending on the coordination mode

of the O2 moiety. b, structural representation of reductive coupling mechanism in one of the LiM2 honeycomb layer of the LixRu1-XSnXO3.

High Performance Li2Ru1−yMnyO3 (0.2 ≤y≤0.8) Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries

Understanding the origin of the high capacity displayed by Li2MnO3−LiMO2 (M = Ni, Co) composites is essential for improving their cycling and rate capability performances. CSIR-CECRI has investigated the Li2Ru1−yMnyO3 series between the iso-structural layered end-members Li2MnO3 and Li2RuO3. A complete solid solution was found, with −1 the 0.4 ≤ y ≤ 0.6 members showing sustainable reversible capacities exceeding 220 mAh•g centered around 3.6 V vs Li+/Li. The voltage−composition profiles display a plateau on the first charge as compared to an S-type curve on subsequent discharge which is maintained on the following charges/discharges, with therefore a lowering of the average voltage. It has been shown demonstrated, that the oxidation and reduction of ruthenium (Ru5+/Ru4+) during cycling together with a partial activity of the Mn4+/Mn3+ redox couple direct evidence for the reversibility of the O2− →O− anionic process upon cycling, hence accounting for the high capacity displayed by these materials.

48 Electrochemical Resolution of Multiple Redox Events for Graphene Quantum Dots This is the first report on single-electron behaviour either in solution phase or in solid state for GQDs graphene quantum dots with a clear demonstration of a discrete single-electron transfer behavior of GQDs in the 2.2±0.3, 2.6±0.2, and 3±0.3 nm regime, where confinement of charge carriers creates an energy gap. CSIR-CECRI has observed a series of evenly spaced redox peaks at 273 K which corresponds to the limiting currents controlled by the diffusion of smaller particles towards the electrode surface, thus also facilitating the adsorption of GQDs. A sequential, single-electron charging process of monodisperse graphene quantum dots (GQDs) encapsulated in a dodecylamine envelope, facilitating a capacitance of a few attofarads is reported. The average GQDs dimensions, as ascertained from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, of about 3±0.3, 2.6±0.2, and 2.2±0.3 nm control this unprecedented behavior. Single electron devices could be fabricated using this property. Effect of organic additives and temperature on the micellization of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium chloride: Evaluation of thermodynamics CSIR-CLRI has reported the effect of organic additives and temperature on the micellization of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC). The micellization behavior of CTAC were studied at different fixed temperatures and fixed concentration of organic additives (viz. sugar, amino acid, etc.) in aqueous solutions. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of CTAC, were measured by the conductivity and dye solubilisation methods. The CMC values first increases with increasing temperature (up to 298 K) and then decreases with temperatures; whereas the increasing trend found with organic additive concentrations. The thermodynamic O parameter values (viz., standard Gibbs energy ( ), standard enthalpy ( ), and standard entropy ( S m ) of micellization of CTAC) clearly indicate less stability of the CTAC solution in presence of additives. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-based fluoroimide-containing poly(urethane-imide) hybrid membranes

CSIR-CLRI has studied the gas permeation rates of O2, N2 and CO2 gases and selectivity of O2/N2 and CO2/N2 using synthesized fluorinated poly (urethane-imide) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (FPUI-POSS). FPUI- POSS membranes having different amounts of fluorinated imide were synthesized via simple condensation reaction of isocyanate terminated prepolyurethane (PU) and anhydride terminated fluorinated prepolyimide (FPI). It was concluded that the fluorinated imide content increased in the polymeric membranes simultaneously increases the surface roughness (48 nm) and thereby lowering the density (1.02 g/cm3). There is a strong relationship between fractional free volume and the gas permeability. Influence of Moieties on Morphology, Thermal, and Dielectric Properties in Polyamide-Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsequioxanes Nanocomposites CSIR-CLRI has prepared a series of new hexafluoroisopropylidene, isopropylidene, carbonyl, and ether moieties substituted polyamides from aromatic diamines and various moieties substituted aromatic dianhydrides. The synthesized polyamide-polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxanes (PA-POSS) polyamides were readily soluble in polar solvents. The morphological properties of the polymeric nano-composites depend both on their chemical structure of dianhydride and the aggregation of POSS were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The dielectric constants of PA-POSS were found to be decreased from 3.75 to 3.29 by changing the substitution. These polyamides showed good thermal stability up to 353 0C (due to the presence of C-F bond) for a 10 % weight loss. Facile fabrication of mesoporous ZnO nanospheres for the controlled delivery of captopril CSIR-CLRI has synthesized Mesoporous ZnO nanospheres by simple soluble starch-insertion method, followed by loading of captopril using ultrasonic force. The materials were characterized by PXRD, SEM, FESEM, TEM, TGA, FT-

49 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

IR, and BET analyses, and biocompatibility studies. The ZnO nanocrystallites have given porous properties on the spherical surface leads to the drug adsorption. The in vitro experiments have indicated the considerable promise of mesoporous ZnO nano spheres, fabricated by the soluble-starch-insertion method acting as a biocompatible carrier for the controlled delivery of captopril in oral route of administration.

Zinc ions 2+ 2+ Starch Particles Zn Zn Zn2+ Zn2+ 1005°C 2 Zn + (15 min) 2 + 2+ 2+ + 2 2+ + Zn Zn Zn 2 n Zn 2+ Z n Z Zn n 2+ Z

2 Zn 2 Z + + n 2 Zn + 2+ Z Zn2+ n 2+ Zn Z 2+ n 2+ Zn 2+ Z 2+ n Z2n+ 2+ 2+Zn ZnZn2+Zn Calcination Process

+ 2+ 2+ 2 2+ Uncalcinated ZnO Porous Spheres + Zn Zn 2 n Zn 2+ Z n Z Zn n 2+ Z

2 Zn 2 Z + + n 2 Zn + 2+ Z Zn2+ n 2+ Zn Z 2+ n 2+ Zn 2+ Z 2+ n Z2n+ 2+ 2+Zn ZnZn2+Zn Drug loading by adsorption calcinated ZnO Porous Spheres And Perfusion mechanism

Fig: 1.27 Schematic of synthesis of ZnO nanospheres

GFRP Rebars for the tannery waste water storage tank structures

CSIR-CLRI has produced different types of GFRP (Glass fibre reinforced plastic) Rebars which can replace the conventional steel rebar to use in harsh environmental structural application. The currently used iron rebars rust easily and weakens the structures. GFRP-rebars have been designed and fabricated using epoxy formulated polymers having diameter of 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 16mm and length of 700mm by the hand- made process. The tested samples were characterised and found to exhibit less weight, high strength (850.955 Mpa) excellent corrosion resistance properties.

Fig: 1.28 Different types of Rebars with different diameters

50 Discovery of potent tubulin targeting anticancer agents CSIR-IICT has discovered several new molecules by designing and synthesis of conjugates and hybrids such as: C3-pyrazole/chalcone linked β-carboline hybrids, pyrazole-oxindole conjugates, benzothiazole conjugatges, imidazopyridine-oxindole conjugates, imidazothiazole-chalcones, 3-diarylethyne quinazolinones, phenstatin/isocombretastatin-chalcone conjugates, imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-chalcone conjugates, imidazo11,5- a]pyridine-benzimidazole hybrids, 1,2,3-triazole linked aminocombretastatin conjugates, pyrazole-oxadiazole conjugates, of imidazo [2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole linked oxindole conjugates, β-carboline-benzimidazole conjugates and substituted benzo[b]furans as effective tubulin polymerization inhibitors and tubulin destabilizing agents. Some of them were found to be better than the existing drugs and are currently in the developmental phase. The new hits obtained from this work possess significant cytotoxicity with improved bioavailability and reduced toxicity. Argonaute1 functions as a mitotic regulator by controlling Cyclin B during Drosophilaearly embryogenesis CSIR-IICT has established regulatory role of Ago-1 in cell cycle control during early embryo development in association with the G2/M cyclin, cyclin B first time. Ago-1 mutation resulted in the up-regulation of cyclin B-Cdk1 activity and down-regulation of p53, grp, mei-41, and wee1 resulting in less stable microtubules and decreased number of pole cells resulting in development defects in embryos. Involvement of 2 novel embryonic miRNAs-- miR-981 and miR--317-for spatiotemporal regulation of cyclin B was also identified. Haplo insufficiency of maternal Ago-1 disrupts mitotic chromosome segregation and spindle fiber assembly via miRNA-guided control during early embryogenesis in Drosophila. The increased expression of cyclin B-Cdk1 and decreased activity of the Cdk1 inhibitor and cell cycle checkpoint proteins (mei-41 and grp) in Ago-1 mutant embryos allow the nuclei to enter into mitosis prematurely, even before completion of DNA replication. Novel role of Ago-1 as a regulator of cell cycle during early embryogenesis via miRNA guided control has been established. Enabling Antibacterial Coating via Bio-inspired Mineralization of Nanostructured ZnO on Fabrics under Mild Conditions CSIR-IICT has developed a environmentally benign method to mineralize and deposit nanomaterials on cotton fabrics under mild conditions for antibacterial applications. The strategy involves the use of long-chain polyamines known to be responsible in certain biomineralization processes, to nucleate, organize and deposit nanostructured ZnO on cotton bandage in an aqueous solution under mild conditions of room temperature and neutral pH. The ZnO particles on cotton fabric show efficient antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the developed polyamine mediated bio-inspired coating method provides not only a facile and “green” synthesis for coating on flexible substrate but also the fabrication of antibacterial enabled materials for healthcare applications. Study of insect-pest of stored pulses & cereals and its controls CSIR-NEIST has collected identified and records the following six potential insect pests of stored grains of this region. Callosobruchus chinensis (Bruchidae: Coleoptera); Callosobruchus maculates (Bruchidae: Coleoptera); Callosobruchus analis (Bruchidae: Coleoptera); Sitophilus oryzae (Dryophthoridae: Coleoptera); Rhizopertha dominica (Bostricidae: Coleoptera); Triboleum castaneum (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera). The frequency of occurrence of various insect pests in collected samples is found to be highest (29.51%) for C. chinensis in case of stored pulse grains & S. oryzae (35.67%) for stored cereal grains. Therefore, it can be interpreted from the observations that the major insect pest associated with stored pulses is C. chinensis & S. oryzae in case of cereals in Assam. Callosobruchus chinensis(L.) is one of the major insect pest infesting stored pulses in India. Recourse of synthetic insecticides to protect stored pulses often lead to dangers of the development of resistant strains, toxic residue and users’ safety. Locally available and less toxic pest management alternatives such as the

51 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

use of effective botanicals are important. Essential oils of two variants of Cinnamomum verum Presl.Syn.C. zelanicum Blume from North East India (RRL L 1620 and RRL J 1622) were characterized and tested for their biological activity in vapour form against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) Choice and no-choice tests showed that leaf and bark oil of two variants of C. verum Presl had significant repellent action and reduced the fecundity and decreased egg hatchability of C. chinensis (L.). However, leaf oil with higher percentage of eugenol exhibited better activity than the bark oil in both the tests. Hence, the volatile essential oils of both the variants of C. verum Presl can be used safely as fumigants.

Fig: 1.29 Major insect pest of Stored Pulses have identified as C. Chinensis

Study of mode of action of bioactive molecule exhibiting in-vitro anti-prostrate cancer activity CSIR-NEIST has designed and studied the mode of action of bioactive molecule isolated from endophytic fungi on the test pathogens (Candida albicans and Escherichia coli), Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC) and Propidium Iodide (PI). From the experimental study, it has been observed that no fluorescence was seen in the microbial cells in the absence of targeted molecule. Because the entry of FITC requires significant membrane damage, the observed fluorescence behavior of the cells suggests that the molecule rendered the cells permeable to FITC. The DNA binding dye PI stains only dead cells. Besides, Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis of treated and untreated cells was also carried out. SEM images showed morphological alterations including deformation and shrinkage in both the cells. The test was carried out at CSIR-NCL under the joint R&D programme.

Fig: 1.30 SEM images of C. albicans (A-control/untreated, B- treated)

52 Fig: 1.31 SEM images of E.coli (A-treated, B-control/untreated

Fig: 1.32 Fluorescence images in SEM (FITC) and (PI) of E.coli

Hierarchically ordered porous lotus shaped nanostructured MnO2

Design of hierarchical nanostructures towards a specific morphology is an important (a) research area due to their shape dependent properties. CSIR-CSMCRI has synthesized

3D hierarchically assembled lotus shaped porous MnO2 using a simple aqueous solution based chelating agent (citric acid) mediated growth of MnCO3 followed by calcination at 350 °C. MnCO3 in other shapes, such as rods, spheres and nano (b) aggregates, is also synthesized just by varying the chelating agents. The synthesized porous MnO2 shapes exhibit excellent shape dependent catalytic oxidation of a- pinene to verbenone using molecular oxygen as the oxidant. The lotus shaped porous (e) MnO2 shows superior activity, with 94% conversion of a-pinene and 87% selectivity of (d) verbenone, to that of other MnO2 shapes. The activity is reasonably high compared to heterogeneous as well as homogeneous catalysts reported in the literature and bulk

MnO2 with respect to both their conversion and selectivity. The synthesized lotus shaped

MnO2 also showed good catalytic activity towards oxidation of allylic compounds to Fig: 1.33 SEM images of corresponding ene–ones using molecular oxygen as oxidant and is reusable. lotus shaped MnO2

Occurrence and distribution of selected heavy metals and boron in ground water of Gulf of Khambhat region, Gujarat, India

CSIR-CSMCRI has measured the concentration of selected heavy metals, like As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn as well as B, by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) in groundwater samples from various locations in Gulf of Khambhat, an inlet of the Arabian Sea in the state of Gujarat, India, during post- monsoon, winter and pre-monsoon seasons in a year. Most of the heavy elements were characterized with low

53 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

mobility under slightly alkaline and reducing conditions; concentrations in confined aquifers were within the Maximum Permissible values for drinking water. The temporal changes indicate that a majority of metals was entering the aquifer during monsoon. Principle component analysis of the heavy metal data suggests interrelated of Co, Cu, Cd and Zn with each other and derived significantly from anthropogenic route, while input of Pb and Cr may be due to atmospheric deposition in the study area. Both weathering of rocks and anthropogenic input were found to be the main sources of elements in the ground water. The heavy metal levels in ground waters of GoK region in comparison with some of European and Asian sites were higher; however, these metal levels were found to be comparable with few urban sites in the world.

Controlled hydration of nitriles to amides by transition metal-free sodium borohydride

CSIR-IHBT has developed a transition metal–free process for the convenient and selective hydration of nitriles to corresponding amides using catalytic amount of sodium borohydride. The developed protocol is applicable for aromatic, aliphatic, and hetero-aromatic nitriles with wide functional group tolerance. The regioselective hydration of nitrile as well as utilization of water: ethanol as a co-solvent made the process environment friendly and economical.

CN CONH2

NaBH4 (0.75 equiv)

EtOH.H2O (1.1), 5mL 80 °C R R Yield = 85-99% R=H,F,Cl,Br,I, OH, NO2, CN, Heteroaromatic Nitriles, Aliphatic Nitriles

CN CONH2

NaBH4 (0.75 equiv)

EtOH.H2O (1.1), 5mL 80 °C

CN CN Yield = 98% Fig:1.34 Schematic for conversion of nitriles to amides Cobalt Phthalocyanine Immobilized on Graphene Oxide: an Efficient Visible Active Catalyst for Photo-reduction of Carbon Dioxide CSIR-IIP has synthesized Novel graphene oxide (GO)-tethered Co(II) phthalocyanine complex [CoPc–GO] via a step-wise procedure and was demonstrated to be an efficient, cost- effective and recyclable photo-catalyst for reduction of carbon dioxide to produce methanol as the main product. Characterization of the developed GO- immobilized CoPc showed that Co(II) Pc complex was successfully grafted on GO. The prepared catalyst was used for photo-catalytic reduction of carbon-di-oxide by using water as a solvent and triethylamine as the sacrificial donor (see below). Methanol was obtained as the major reaction product along with formation of a minor amount of CO (0.82 %). It was found that GO-grafted CoPc exhibited higher photo-catalytic activity than homogeneous

54 CoPc as well as graphene oxide and showed good recoverability without significant leaching during the reaction. The yield of methanol after 48 hours of reaction by using GO-CoPc catalyst in the presence of sacrificial donor tri-ethylamine was found to be 3781.8881μmol.g-1-cat and the conversion rate was found to be 78.7893 μmol. g-1cat.h-1. After the photo-reduction experiment, the catalyst was easily recovered by filtration and reused for the subsequent recycling experiment without significant change in the catalytic efficiency.

Visible Light

CH3OH

H2 H2S SO2NH2 CB e CO2 N N Co N N

VB NO S e e 2.9-3.7 eV 2 SO2NH2

0+ (C2H5 )3 N: (C2H5 )3 N

Fig: 1.35 Photo-redcution of CO2 using GO-CoPc catalyst

Technology Information Package for Simultaneous Production of Pure Benzene and US Grade

Gasoline from FCC C6 Heart Cut (Deisohexanizer Side Cut)

Worldwide, there is a continuous thrust on reducing benzene content in gasoline as a part of the 'Clean Air' programme. Gasoline specifications on benzene in US have been revised from 2011 to maintain 0.62 vol.% maximum. Typical streams used the RIL, Jamnagar, for blending in gasoline pool, are reformate, FCC gasoline, straight-run naphtha, alkylates, hydrocracker light naphtha, TAME, etc. Out of these, FCC gasoline is the major contributor of benzene in the gasoline pool. The normal process to remove benzene from the FCC gasoline is to saturate it by using any of the commercially available technologies such as BenSat, BENFREE, CDHYDRO, etc.

Looking at the high-severity FCC operation at the RIL, Jamnagar the through-put margin between gasoline and benzene, etc., it is economically attractive to extract high-purity benzene from the FCC gasoline instead of saturating it. The CSIR-IIP had done a 'Proof of concept' (POC) study for the FCC gasoline select cut (Reliance SEZ DIH side cut sample) to extract benzene and had established an appropriate process to scale it up for a commercial design. After POC, further experimental as well as simulation studies were done to fine-tune the end-product purity, yield and other operating parameters.

The CSIR-IIP could achieve the targeted specs of the US-grade gasoline in the raffinate product. The simultaneous production of the benzene-rich extract (benzene >95 mass%) was also feasible. Finally, the CSIR-IIP submitted an exhaustive technical information package to the RIL on completion of the project. The CSIR-IIP team participated in the process of basic design and engineering package (BDEP) and detailed engineering alongwith M/s Technip, New Delhi and the RIL.

55 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

Fig: 1.36 The conceptualized Benzene Recovery Unit Fig: 1.37 Extraction at BRU plant in progress at (BRU) at the RIL, Jamnagar the RIL, Jamnagar

Feasibility Study for Value-addition to Low-polymer Wax (LPW)

Low polymer wax (LPW) or polymer mud is a low-value byproduct obtained in certain HDPE manufacturing units. This by-product has a molecular weight lower than HDPE but higher than that required for petroleum waxes, and, hence, it is a low-value product having limited utility. In order to explore the proper utilization of this low-polymer wax, CSIR-IIP has carried out feasibility studies to chemically modify it to different types of value-added products. It has been observed that it is feasible to obtain LPW into paraffin wax of type BIS grade 2A & 3, microcrystalline wax of type BIS grade C & D and base stocks which can be formulated to obtain greases conforming to NLGI types 2 & 3.

Fig: 1.38 Different types of greases formulated from base stocks obtained from LPW

Ultrasound stimulated nucleation and growth of a dye assembly into extended gel nanostrutures.

A squaraine dye functionalized with a bulky trialkoxy phyenyl moiety through a flexible diamide linkage (GA-SQ) capable of undergoing self-assembly has been shown to form two types of nanostructures, rings and ill-defined

56 short fibres, upon rapid cooling of hot solution to 0oC. The application of ultrasound modifies the conditions for the super saturation mediated nucleation, generating only one kind of nuclei and prompting the formation of crystalline fibrous structures, inducing gelation of solvent molecules.

The unique self-assembling behaviour of GA-SQ under ultrasound stimulus has been investigated using absorption, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, AFM and TEM techniques. These studies revealed a nucleation growth mechanism of the self-assembled material, an aspect rarely scrutinized in the area of sonication-induced self-assembly, a minuscule amount of single-walled carbon nanotubes was added, which leads to acceleration of the self-assembly through a heterogeneous nucleation process that ultimately affords a supramolecular gel with nanotape-like morphology. This study demonstrates that self-assembly of functional dyes can be judiciously manipulated by an external stimulus and can be further controlled by the addition of carbon nanotubes.

A supramolecular photosynthetic model made of a multiporphyrinic array constructed around a C60 core and a C60-imidazole derivative.

Mimicking natural photosynthetic systems is a challenge as this would eventually lead to technologies and products for effective tapping and conversion of solar energy into other useful forms. It has been identified that light absorption and photo-induced electron transfer are the two key processes occurring in natural photosynthetic systems. The best modalities could be to improve the efficiency of light harvesting and increase the stability of the charge separated state. Porphyrin-fullerene conjugate pairs are one of the well exploited systems in this context and are proposed to be promising materials for photovoltaic applications. The primary process of energy and electron transfer in a supramolecular nanoarchitecture was investigated. The present photosynthetic model system consists of a multi-prophyrin array host constructed around C60 core and an imidazole appended fullerene guest system. The detailed photophysical investigations revealed that (i) in nonopolar environments like toluene, the supramolecular ensemble exhibits a charge transfer emission centered around 930 nm, suggesting the occurrence of intramolecular face-to-face interactions of guest fullerene with neighbouring metalloporphyrin moieties and (ii) in polar solvents like benzonitrile, a very stable and long-lived charge-separated state (as long as 0.3 ms) occured. One of the interesting aspects about the present system is that owing to the large number of porphyrin subunits, the host system serves as an antenna capable of harvesting more light via absorption prior to the electron-transfer event. In addition to this the possibility of exciton migration among the different zn((II) porphyrins in the host system stabilizes the charge transfer state and makes the present artificial supramolecular nanoarchitecture more close to a natural photosynthetic systems (K. Yoosaf et al., Chem. Eur. J., 2014, 20, 223-31.

1.2.2 Technology Developed

Electrochemical technology for recovery of pure tetramethylammonium from impure tetramethylammonium hydroxide

CSIR-CECRI has developed a technology for recovery of tetramethylammonium content as pure tetramethylammonium chloride from impure tetramethylammonium hydroxide. This technology employs a double electrolysis of impure tetramethylammonium hydroxide employing electrochemical cell. During the first electrolysis the aromatic organics are isolated and the subsequent electrolysis these organics are polymerized and removed leaving alone the pure tetramethylammonium chloride. This technology is especially employed in used in rubber industries. About 75% of the rubber chemical is produced in India by the above firm and the rest is imported. The parent chemical viz. Tetramethylammonium chloride is 100 times costlier than the special chemical used in the rubber industry. Employing this process the investment of the basic raw material is saved.

57 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

Plastic chip electrode cartridge

The “Plastic Chip Electrode” (PCE), developed by CSIR-CSMCRI, is a complete materialized three electrode electrochemical system comprising of bulk conducting polymer composite material, ideal for disposable and on- site applications due to its economic viability. The bottleneck with current day’s coated and screen-printed electrodes is that the conducting layers are not the integral part of the base/ substrate on which it is fabricated therefore can easily get delaminated due to mechanical jerk or high current. Further the system is a substitute to noble metals and technologies like screen printing for electrode fabrication. These are easy to prepare under normal conditions, bulk conducting, self-standing and mechanically stable. This cartridge electrode has enormous potential of requirement based tailoring and can be used in any aqueous medium electrochemistry.

Addressing the burning issue of saline waste streams

Saline waste streams of industries create environment hazards. The recovery of value added chemicals from these streams not only mitigates the environment pollution but also helps in creation of wealth. CSIR-CSMCRI has developed process know-how for recovery of value added chemicals. The liquor was neutralized with HNO3 and solid KNO3 of 99% purity was recovered at ambient temperature by volume reduction and pH adjustments. After recovery of KNO3, the liquor containing remaining KNO3 and NaNO3 was treated with either NaClO4 to convert

KClO4 or by tartaric acid to get potassium tartrate selectively. The recovery of these salts was >99% with a purity of higher than 99.5%. The final left out liquor after separation of value added salts was subjected to evaporation for recovery of high purity NaNO3. Recovery of equivalent amount of CO2 in lime water was also demonstrated. The know-how of the process has been transferred.

Commercial farming and Method of cultivation of economically important seaweed Gracilaria dura

Gracilaria dura occurring in Indian waters has been reported to be potential sources of agarose (US Patent 2005/0267296A1). The scanty biomass and restricted occurrence at the bottom of deep tide pools along few locations of the north western coast of India limited its exploitation for industrial utilization. An innovative, cost effective and green method has been developed by CSIR-CSMCRI to obtain high quality agarose from dry algal biomass. The holistic cultivation approach has been developed at MARS, Mandapam. The process has been transferred to M/s. Aquagri Processing Ltd., New Delhi.

Fig: 1.39 Clonal propagation and tube culture of Gracilaria dura

58 Fig: 1.40 Various method of farming Gracilaria edulis in the open sea

Five different cultivation methods namely, floating bamboo raft, poly propylene net, net bag, hanging rope technique and net pouch were investigated for their suitability to undertake farming in the open sea. Among these, polypropylene net method yielded highest biomass (1.764 ± 0.82 kg fr.wt/m2) with corresponding daily growth rate (DGR) of 3.748 ± 0.91% day-1, followed by floating bamboo raft (1.05 ± 0.39 kg fr.wt/m2, 2.61 ± 0.45% day-1) and net bag (0.904 ± 0.57 kg fr.wt/m2, 0.985 ± 0.45% day-1) methods respectively.

Commercialization of Thin Film Composite (TFC) Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane manufacturing technology

CSIR-CSMCRI has developed and transferred technology for thin film composite RO membrane manufacturing. TFC RO membrane manufacturing is a multistage process. In the first stage polyester non-woven fabric supported polysulphone based microfiltration membrane (120-130 micron thickness) is manufactured according to phase inversion process at a rate of 500-600 sq. m/h. In the second stage, an ultrathin polyamide layer (0.15-0.20 micron thickness) is prepared on top of the microfiltration membrane according to in situ interfacial polymerization process between a diamine and a multifunctional fig.1.41 Inauguration TFC RO membrane manufacturing by Mr. Kirloskar, carboxylic acid chloride at a rate of 25-50 MD Kirloskar Engg. and Mr.Unnikrishnan, MD Themax sq.m/h. The nascent TFC membrane is subjected to various chemical treatment processes. Subsequently, spiral modules of different sizes are made from the membrane. The technology has been transferred to M/s Uniqflux Membranes LLP, Pune.

59 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

Glycerol-based Carbon Acid and Base Catalysts

CSIR-IICT has developed heterogeneous acid and base carbon catalysts from crude glycerol (by-product of biodiesel process) and also from glycerol pitch (waste product from fat splitting industry). Both the catalysts were successfully employed for the production of biodiesel by replacing traditionally used homogeneous sulfuric acid and alkali catalysts, thus making the biodiesel process green with more profitability. In addition, the glycerol-based carbon acid catalyst has been successfully employed as an efficient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst in a wide variety of synthetic methodologies, showing its versatility as a green catalyst and also a potential replacement to sulphuric acid. These catalyst based reactions may lead to cleaner industrial processes in several areas like oleochemicals, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, lubricants, agrochemicals etc., by reducing liquid effluents. This innovation has been bestowed with International award of American Oil Chemists’ Society’s (AOCS) - ACI/NBB Glycerine Innovation Award-2013 and IGCW-Green Innovation Award –2013.

Technology for manufacturing 12 TPD of 4-tert butyl toluene (PTBT) and 10 TPD of 4-tert-butyl benzoic acid (PTBBA)

The process developed for 4-tert butyl toluene (PTBT) involves continuous alkylation of toluene using isobutylene in the presence of a catalyst. PTBT is subsequently oxidized using air as oxidant to get 4-tert-butyl benzoic acid (PTBBA). The process developed at CSIR-IICT for PTBT gives exclusively single isomer of PTBT with low catalyst loading and short reaction time. High yield and purity is achieved in continuous mode. The process developed for PTBBA uses air as an oxidant. The catalyst is recyclable. PTBBA with high yield and purity is achieved.

These two processes were licensed to M/s. Vinati Organics Ltd., Mumbai and commercial plants of 12 TPD of PTBT and 10 TPD of PTBBA are expected to be installed shortly. Presently the products are not being produced in India. The technology developed has good potential for import substitution and has export opportunity.

Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) and Development of suitable catalyst system for preparation of Nitrotriazolone (NTO)

CSIR-IICT had developed a green nitration process using catalyst for preparation of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), among the various energetic materials. Conventionally, NTO is synthesized by nitration of TO using excess quantity of concentrated nitric acid. This process is unavoidably associated with the disposal of hazardous waste (including residual nitro aromatic compounds) during the down stream processing. Therefore, disposal of this waste is the major concern due to the increasing pressure on environment. By using the catalyst, most of these problems related to nitration can be eliminated and the catalyst can be simply separated and recycled for subsequent use. The greatest advantage of the catalyst is its easy operation for isolating a product after the reaction. CSIR-IICT has developed metal (Fe,Sn) modified beta zeolites and MCM-41 for the nitration of TO. The developed process for preparation of NTO using catalyst is an environmentally friendly having high yield. Another important energetic material is Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) which is an inorganic oxidizer useful for energetic rocket propellant formulations is one for which an ecofriendly process is needed. CSIR-IICT has developed a nitration process for the preparation of ADN. It is prepared by the nitration of ammonium sulphamate with fuming nitric acid. The processes developed by CSIR-IICT are ecofriendly processes.

High rate biomethanation technology for the generation of Biogas and bio-manure from poultry litter

CSIR-IICT has developed a novel high rate biomethanation technology called the “ANAEROBIC GAS LIFT REACTOR (AGR)” for the generation of biogas and bio-manure from poultry litter. This technology provides a remunerative option for farmer in terms of bio-energy and bio-manure. Installation the technology would ensure sustainable financial dividends to farm owners by offsetting their power requirements, besides addressing issues

60 related to hygiene and waste treatment in poultry farms. This technology is superior to other such technologies in terms of biogas generation and bio-manure production, as it incorporates novel pre and post processing technologies required for the biomethanation of poultry litte and it was licensed to M/s Ahuja Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd., Secunderabad for commercialization. Technology for esterfication of 4-tert Butyl benzoic acid to 4-tertiary butyl methyl benzoate The process developed by CSIR-IICT gives selectively 4-tert butyl methyl benzoate using a catalyst that can be recycled making the process environmental friendly. The process involves esterification of 4-tert-butyl benzoic acid to 4-tert-butyl methyl benzoate in the presence of a mild catalyst that is recyclable. The technology has been licensed to M/s Vinati Organics Ltd., Mumbai for commercialization. Deoiled Karanja Cake for Poultry Feed, Biofertilizer & Biopesticidal applications Karanja deoiled cake is a by-product of the karanja-based biodiesel industry. Deoiled cake is a good source of protein and contains many furanoflavonoids and other antinutritional compounds and hence can’t be used for animal feed as such. Some of this furanoflavonoids, especially karanjin possess interesting biological properties. CSIR-IICT has developed a simple process for the isolation of karanjin with purity in the range of 95-98% from deoiled karanja cake and also found excellent mosquito larvicidal activity for the karanjin-rich crude extract. A 60 Kg/batch process was developed for the detoxification of karanja deoiled cake and conducted feeding trials on broiler and layer chicken in collaboration with Directorate of Poultry Research (DPR-ICAR). Results of the trial indicated that the partially detoxified cake can replace 8-10% of soya cake in the diet of broiler chicken and 22- 24% of soya cake in the diet of layered chicken diet. CSIR-IICT in collaboration with National Institute of Nutrition and YSR-Horticultural University employed deoiled karanja cake as biofertilizerfor tomato, onion and amaranthuscrops and found all these vegetables safe for human consumption. Eco-friendly biopolyols for foams Polyols are required in the manufacture of polyurethanes which find wide applications in the manufacture of flexible, semi rigid, moulded and rigid foams. In the recent past bio polyols are being used to replace a growing portion of petrochemical-based polyols in downstream PU products. Polyurethane foam made with bio-polyol is renewable, biodegradable and its quality is comparable to petroleum-based foam CSIR-IICT has developed. Biopolyols with increased renewable content and they have been tested for foam applications. The foam has shown excellent properties and the process has been demonstrated to industry. The non edible vegetable oils and cashew nut shell liquid with appropriate chemistry has been used for the development.

Where R= OH Saturated - 3% 1.Oxidation 2.Saponification Monoene - 36% R diene - 20 % 3.Reaction with triene - 41% Isocyanate

Rigid PU foam Cardanol

Fig: 1.42 Scheme displayig the process used for the development of rigid foam from cardanol

61 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

Commercial status of Virtual Casting Technology and development of new modules CSIR-NIIST had developed and transferred technology for virtual casting Technology to 3D Foundry Tech Pvt. Ltd., Later on Virtual Casting solver code was completely redesigned for efficient memory management and a better shrinkage prediction algorithm and was integrated into the upgraded version Auto CAST X1 as FLOW+module. The front-end GUI of this new module in Auto-CAST X1 environment is shown in Figure. The FLOW+module takes as input the thermo-physical properties of the metal and the mold along with the geometry of the casting and meshing from AutoCAST platform, calculates the flow pattern in the mold cavity during filling, temperature changes in the solidified casting. This code was benchmarked and validated for various industrial castings and with commercial software codes available in the market like FLOW 3D and Nova- CAST. Some benchmarking results for shrinkage prediction results with industrial castings are shown below. The commercial release of AutoCAST X1 was made during IFEX-2013. April 2013 to March 2014, 3DFT has transferred around 12 licenses. In addition, 3DFT now has a reseller in China which is a Taiwan Control Valves, Taiwan. AutoCast X1 is now available in Chinese and also has a website in Chinese www.autocast.tw A new gas and venting module which can predict the occurrence of blowholes during filling of the casting has been developed and transferred to 3DFT in January 2014. This module was showcased during IFEX 2014.

Absorption of SO2 by Regenerative Solvents The CSIR-IIP, in collaboration with the Engineers India Limited (EIL), New Delhi, has developed a process for removal of SO2 from flue gas streams (SOR process). The process is based upon conventional absorption/regeneration which involves counter-current absorption into a novel solvent developed by the CSIR-IIP, followed by regeneration of the SO2-rich solvent at higher temperatures in the regenerator to collect the pure stream of SO2. Numaligarh Refineries Limited (NRL) desires to increase the recovery efficiency of the existing SRU from 96% to 99.9% in order to meet the stringent environmental regulations. The EIL and the CSIR-IIP proposed

SO2 recycle process (SOR) to increase the sulphur recovery efficiency of the existing SRU. Since this process has been developed on bench-scale and needs commercial demonstration for successful implementation, the EIL and the CSIR-IIP approached the NRL for commercial demonstration of this process at their SRU. The NRL, the CSIR-IIP and the EIL signed an MOU to work jointly and technology thus evolved will be known as an IIP-EIL-NRL joint technology for future commercialization in other industries. A demonstration unit using this process was commissioned for the NRL.

Absorption of SO2 was carried out in both batch and continuous mode for which a complete custom-made gas-liquid absorption set-up with gas and liquid phase analysis facility was created and installed. A separate set-up was also fabricated for solvent regeneration at high temperatures above atmospheric pressure. The capacity and the rate of Fig: 1.43 Continuous SO2 gas absorption absorption of different solvents were tested at different solvent pH values arrangement with gas and liquid-phase analysis which were eventually identified as one some of the important parameters for solvent selection. The regeneration of solvents was carried out at 1.5 bar. The regeneration pressure was selected considering the condition to be maintained in regeneration column. This condition in the regeneration column is based on the condition to be maintained in the Claus unit. The boiling point of the solution at 1.5 bar is 129 – 130oC.

62 Bio-fuels In the area of hydroprocessing, CSIR-IIP has developed a process and catalyst for conversion of Jatropha oil directly to aviation fuel (drop-in). Drop-in fuels are those fuels which do not require any changes and hence can be used as such or as a blend with refinery-based fuels. This innovation is a novel single-step catalytic process for conversion of plant-derived non-edible, waste, low-cost oils to produce drop-in biofuels for air-transport purposes. Plant-derived oils (soya, Jatropha, Karanj, algal) are deoxygenated, selectively cracked and isomerized over a single catalyst to produce aviation fuel with 35-55% yield and with properties and compositions exactly the same as those required for aviation fuels. It is a unique single- step process to produce aviation fuels from renewable sources.

Light Gases Deoxygenation/somerization Diesel Range * Green jet can match properties of petroleum derived jet fuel. * Increased demand for green jet-inclusion of aviation industry in CO Legislation. Derived oil 2 Light Gases

deoxygenation/Selective Cracking/Isomerization Naphtha

2-Step 1-Step (de sirable) Bio Jet Fuel

Diesel Range

Fig: 1.44 Production of bio-jet fuel in single – and two-step processes from vegetable oils

Bulk production of bio-jet fuel on the existing pilot-plant (continuous pilot plant run) has been on for engine testing. Approximately 3000 litres of Jatropha oil were processed and 600 litres of bio-jet were produced. The plant is ˜ running in continuous mode for life analysis. Work on SOR, EOR strategy, catalyst life testing and large-scale pretreatment strategy has been under way. On a request from M/s BPCL, work on Technology Information Package (TIP) for revamping the naphtha hydrotreater at the BPCL-Kochi Refinery into a bio-jet fuel production facility was undertaken. This testifies to CSIR- IIP proprietary and patent-protected process, catalyst and technology as having commercial viability for production of renewable aviation fuel which will eventually lead to a niche market of energy. The TIP was completed and submitted to the BPCL for economic evaluation. 1.2.3 S&T services & facilities Centre for Analysis of Toxic Chemicals (CACT) of CSIR-IICT is an international OPCW designated laboratory for the off-site analysis of chemical weapons convention related chemicals since 2008 and CSIR-IICT has been successful in retaining the designation status till date by clearing all proficiency tests conducted by OPCW.

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1.3 ENGINEERING SCIENCES CLUSTER 1.3.1 Scientific Excellence Highly Porous Open Cell Ti Foam for Bio-implants Applications CSIR-AMPRI has developed a process for making large size (50mmx50mmx15mm) foams. The developed foams exhibit coarser cells due to removal of space holders and fine micro pores at the cell wall (10 to 15 µm). These fine pores at the cell wall make the foams to be capable to allow fluid to move through it. In case of highly porous foam (>75% porosity) the macro cells are largly open to the neighbouring cells make it faster flow of fluid. This has been examined through filtration of water and other liquid through it. These foams are characterised interms of its strength, modulus and energy absorption. The strength of these foam varies in the range 15 to 90 MPa and the modulus varies in the range of 8 to 26 GPa depending on the cell size and porosity fraction. These porous Ti- foam with cell size of +250 µm (average size 300 µm) and -250 (average size 130 µm ) were examined for cell viability test considering standard biofluid as the control.

(a) (b) (c) Fig:1. 45 Ti-foams of varying porosities : (a) 65%, (b) 75% and (c) 85%

(a) (b) (c)

Fig: 1.46 Microstructure of foams (a) Ti-foam of 75% porosity with spherical Ti-particles, (b) Ti-foams with 80% porosity with angular Ti-particles and (c) Ti-foams with 85% porosity using spherical Ti-particles.

Alkali-Silica Reaction in Geopolymer Concrete

CSIR-CBRI has assessed the potential reactivity of siliceous and sandstone aggregate in geopolymer concrete using fly ash and GGBS (ground granulated blast furnace slag) composite under accelerated condition. The mix proportioning of mortar bars was carried out as per ASTM C1260 using fly ash/GGBS, aggregate and activators.

64 A comparison in the expansion of geopolymer concrete was made with its corresponding OPC concrete. It was observed that the expansion in geopolymer mortars at 16 days exposure was less than 0.1% as specified in ASTM C1260 whereas OPC mortars expanded beyond the threshold limit. When the exposure period was extended up to 90 days, the expansion in the fly ash based geopolymer approached the threshold (0.1%) while fly ash-GGBS composite mixes exhibited expansion in the range of 0.31-0.56%. It was also noted that fly ash based geopolymer mortars had 60% less expansion than the OPC mortars. Contrary to this, geopolymer mortars made with fly ash- GGBS composite mixes exhibited 23-46% more expansion than the OPC mortars.

The study suggests that geopolymer concrete were less susceptible to the expansive alkali-silica reaction. However, for longer periods, expansion beyond the prescribed limit was observed in the case of fly ash-GGBS composite mix based mortars. The deleterious alkali-silica reaction in geopolymeric environment thus can be prevented through a dense matrix formation by utilizing/ immobilizing dissolved silica in geopolymer, and also by involving CaO in the Na/Ca-A-S-H phase formation through ternary binder system.

Fig: 1.47a FESEM images of OPC mortars at 90 days Fig: 1.47b FESEM images of fly ash based GPC mortars at 90 days

Rare-earth doped glass/glass-ceramics and metal glass nanocomposites to improve the efficiency of Si-PV cell CSIR-CGCRI has studied a number of glass systems doped with different combinations of rare-earth ions for their Down Shifting (DS), Down or Up-conversion (DC or UC) mechanisms in (Nd3+/Yb3+) doped glass systems. An efficient visible to NIR (~1µm) energy down- shifting (DS) was achieved with Nd3+→ Yb3+ transfer efficiency in the range 95-100% due to excellent matching of the host phonon energy with that of the energy difference between donor (Nd3+) and acceptor (Yb3+) energy levels. In Eu3+/Eu2+-Yb3+ co-doped oxyfluoride glass ceramics containing BaF2 nanocrystals, a Down-conversion (DC) phenomena (UV to NIR region) based on cooperative energy transfer from Eu2+to Yb3+ ions was evidenced resulting in intense NIR emission. Fig: 1.48 Ag-glass nano composite coated silica glass substrate Further, a series of Pr3+-Yb3+co-doped low phonon glasses exhibited an efficient VIS to NIR DC emission under 474nm excitation from Pr3+ to Yb3+with an estimated DC efficiency of around 170%. An efficient IR to NIR UC from Er3+-Yb3+ pair was realized in the same host with an intense Yb3+ NIR emission at ~1 µm (where c-Si PV cell showed maximum spectral response) under

65 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

1550nm excitation (where c-Si PV did not respond to the solar spectrum). The efficiency of silicon solar cell is increased by applying active layer of nanometal such as silver, gold, copper, etc. particles containing glass nanocomposites.

TiB-TiN reinforced Ti6Al4V alloy composite coatings for orthopedic implants

CSIR-CGCRI has fabricated TiB-TiN reinforced Ti6Al4V alloy composite coatings via in-situ laser processing which revealed stable phases, fine ceramic reinforcements and relatively better mechanical properties. The composite coatings containing 5 and 15 wt% BN were deposited at 300W and 400W laser powers with a scan speeds of 10 mm/s and 20 mm/s to study their influence on the coating microstructures and the related properties. The experimental data showed that the average Young's modulus increased from 184±4 GPa in 5BN-400/10 coating to 204±14 GPa for 15BN-400/10 coating. In vitro tribological tests on the coatings showed lowest wear rate of 1.9 × 10-6 mm3/Nm for 15 wt.% BN coating, which is order of magnitude lower than Co-Cr-Mo alloy. Similar In vitro PI positivity (8-12 % of gated cells) of the coatings demonstrated similar biocompatibility of all the surfaces towards MG63 cells. Ballistic testing of Ceramic tiles CSIR-CGCRI has carried out Finite Element Analysis on alumina based ceramic and aluminum based metal plates. Interaction of 7.62 mm 30 mm AP bullets with ceramic and metal plates of different thicknesses was modeled. The performance of bare and encased alumina against 30 mm AP bullet suggested that the resistance of the encased alumina is much better compared to bare alumina against the projectile. 164 numbers of 50x50x 5 mm3 dense alumina plates were fabricated by machining. One complete alumina ceramic panel (300x300 mm2 in 500x500mm2 frame) with aluminium backing plate was fabricated for testing. It was tested against 30 mm AP bullet at TBRL. Alumina and Silicon Carbide Ceramic tiles were fabricated for ballistic testing.

Fig: 1.49a Simulation results against 30 mm AP bullet

Fig: 1.49b Alumina Ceramic composite armour test plate (500 X 500 X 50 ) mm3 of weight = 29.7 kgs and Fig: 1.43c Testing of ceramic armour panel at Nano-mechanical characterization of carbon carbon composites

66 Cubic Ordered Mesoporous SiO2 Nanofibers by Electrospinning Technique

Being nontoxic in nature, mesoporous silica (SiO2) nanofibers have found significant attentions in catalytic and bio-related applications. Further, mesoporous nanofibers with the 3D ordered pore structure can find unique applications in these areas. CSIR-CGCRI has developed a novel tri-constituent assembly approach of F127

(tri block co-polymer) surfactant, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and organometallic precursor of SiO2 to synthesize cubic ordered mesoporous SiO2 nanofibers of optimal density and porosity by the electrospinning technique. F127 surfactant was used to produce ordered structure of mesopores in the fibers while PVA acted dual role. It controls the required viscosity of the sol for electrospinning and protects the F127 directed micellar structure which usually deforms during electrospinning process. The electronegative groups (OH) associated with the PVA shield the high positive voltage during electrospinning and the core ordered structure of nanofibers remains unaffected.

Charaterization of the heat treated (500 °C) fibers by low angle XRD, FESEM and TEM analysis revealed cubic - ordered (symmetry: Im3m) mesoporosity of nanofibers of diameter in the range ~200 to 500 nm with ordered mesopores of diameter ~5.5 nm, and their structure could be compared with a body centred cube model of [111] 2 –1 orientation. The average pore size and surface area were found to be 5.6 nm and 298 m gm , respectively by N2 adsorption-desorption analysis.

Fig: 1.50 (a) FESEM and (b) TEM images of cubic ordered mesoporous SiO2 nanofibres Inset shows the ordered arrangement of pores

Microwave Compatible Wares Utilizing Common Red Burning Clays

Plastic materials are very common for micro-oven use but are non-biodegradable. Chemicals in the plastic can leach into food materials especially when exposed to heat or even when the ware is old. CSIR-CGCRI has developed suitable composition utilizing around 50% of abundantly available common red burning clay and tested microwave compatibility of the clay.

The ware are very dense with very little porosity as revealed by various characterization techniques. A suitable matching glaze was also developed. Thermal expansion values of body and that of glaze matched well and the body-glaze compatibility was further assured by autoclave test. The wares showed no sign of failure due to thermal shock even after 200 cycles of heating when test was carried on the wares filled with oil that started decomposing as the temperature rose to around 2200-2400C inside the oven.

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Fig: 1.51(a) Glazed ware after testing with oil Fig: 1.52(b) Microstructure of body showing very dense structure and very little crystallites Application in Functional Solid Oxide fuel Cell Cathode

CSIR-CGCRI has synthesized nanocrystalline strontium doped lanthanum manganite [La0.65Sr0.3MnO3,] (LSM) a novel spray pyrolysis (SP) technique having variable particulate sizes and morphology for use as Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) cathode. Precalcined nanopowder as obtained from the first SP run were added as the seeding agent in the subsequent runs for their in-situ growth inside the reactor. The suitability of the nano and micro particulates having interconnected porosity were examined as Cathode Functional Layer (CFL) and Cathode Current Collection Layer (CCCL). SP synthesized LSM of 0.5 M concentration in conjunction with YSZ was found to be the best suited as CFL not only because of the close proximity between the particle dimension of LSM (d50 ~ 0.24 µm) and YSZ (d50 ~ 0.2µm) but also because of the nanocrystalline nature of synthesized powder having interconnected porosity. It is found that in-situ growth of SP synthesized LSM initiated at ~ 0.75 M precursor concentration containing precalcined ashes derived from 0.25 M precursor and the particulate size after significant growth was found to be ~ 5 µm with a critical precursor concentration of 0.87 M. The LSM particulates thus synthesized contains primary nanoparticulates embedded within the macro granules having interconnected meso-porosity and found effective as CCCL. Electrochemical AC impedance studies combining CFL and CCCL having such engineered particulates exhibited lowest cathode polarization (~ 0.2 µ-cm2). Thus, tailoring of particulate morphology by adopting such novel technique in a simple and up scalable technique like spray pyrolysis increased the cell performance to 3.2 A.cm-2 (at 0.7 V, 800oC).

68 Fig: 1.53 Cross-sectional cell micrographs with: a) conventional cathodes, b) SP synthesized CFL and CCCL with 3engineered cathode, c), d) improvement of cell performance with functional cathode Fabrication and Characterization of Flat Sheet Membranes CSIR-CMERI has fabricated polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) membranes of high porosity by phase inversion technique. This involves mixing the additives to the base polymer to form a solution, followed by extrusion of this solution on a glass plate to form a film of desired thickness and extraction of the membrane in a non-solvent. Inorganic filler materials are also used to improve thermal stability of the separator. To obtain optimized performance, the composition of filler material and the solvent used for fabricating the separator were varied, and the electrochemical performance of the fabricated separator investigated. Design and control of an IPMC artificial muscle finger for micro gripper using EMG signal CSIR-CMERI has made an attempt to design and control of IPMC based artificial finger for micro gripper. IPMC based micro finger is actuated by controlled electromyography (EMG) signal as shown in Fig. 1.54a. The EMG signal is taken from human index finger via EMG sensor. This signal is pre-amplified before transferring to IPMC for achieving the large bending behaviour of IPMC. The bio-mimetic actuation behaviour of IPMC is studied by movement of index finger muscles through long tendons. The stability analysis of EMG signal from human index finger is carried out by providing the PID control system. Experimentally, it is observed that IPMC finger can hold the load upto 100 mg when IPMC finger is activated through EMG via human muscles and an IPMC based finger for micro gripper is demonstrated as shown in Fig. 1.54 (b,c,d)

IPMC finger

Amplification testing Setup Object

Holder Plasticbased finger

EMG electrode Human finger

Fig: 1.54a Layout of IPMC based micro gripper driven by EMG signal

69 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

Human IPMC finger (b) Index Finger (c) EMG signal (d) Activated state of finger

Figure 1.54 Behavior of IPMC finger for micro gripper using EMG

Multi micro manipulation system using piezoelectric actuators based micro grippers for robotic micro assembly

CSIR-CMERI has developed a multi micro manipulation system for robotic micro assembly using four micro- manipulation systems (MMS) which are placed on a single work bench as shown in Fig. 1.55. Each MMS are placed on specific rails which are positioned at equal distance and perpendicular to each other. These rails are constructed for providing the lateral motion of MMS towards picking and placing of the object from one hole position to another. Each MMS is identical in shape & size and it has 3-DOF for attempting the pick & place and peg-in-hole assembly in 3-dimesional space. These MMS can perform the operation of robotic assembly in sequential or random manner through automatic or joystick controls.

Figure 1.55 Multi Micro Manipulation System Using Compliant Piezoelectric Micro Grippers for Robotic Micro Assembly Fuel Efficiency Standards of Heavy Duty Vehicles in India CSIR-CRRI has felt the need of a Fuel efficiency standards regulatory frame work for Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDVs) in India. Institute has made an attempt to estimate the Vehicles Kilometre Travelled (VKT) at National level separately for intracity and intercity level traffic. The vintage characteristics of vehicles plying at intracity and intercity level

70 separately estimated based on the secondary data available (CRRI- 2002, and CRRI-2009). From the above, about 65 percent VKT was covered by the National and State Highways together constituting about 6 percent of total road length, about 35 percent of VKT covered by the Other roads (MDR/ODR) constitute 94 percent of road network. Out of the total VKT (1437 billion VKT) for 2013, LDVs contribute about 58 percent of VKT, whereas HDVs contribute about 42 percent of VKT. The Annual VKT estimated for the year 2013 is given in Fig. 1.56a. The future years VKT was estimated by assuming appropriate growth factors starting from 2002 to 2030 as given in Fig.1.56b. Based on the VKT and Vintage characteristics, the Vehicle Emission Loads starting from 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030 are estimated as given Fig.1.56c (Emission factors ARAI, 2009).

5000 400 Intra City VKT 4500 350 Inter City VKT 4000 300 3500 250 3000 200 ravelled (Billion) (Billion)

T 2500 150 2000 100 1500 50

Annual VKT 1000 0 Cars Two Auto LCVS HCVs BUS 500 Wheelers ehicle Kilometres 0 V 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 Vehicle Type Year Fig.1.56a Annual vehicle kilometres travelled by different Fig.1.56b Annual VKT (Vehicle Kilometres Travelled) vehicle types for Intracity and Intercity (2013) at National Level

6.00 5000 ear) 4500 5.00 4000 3500 onnes/Y 4.00 T 3000 3.00 2500 2000 in Billions 2.00 1500 VKT 1.00 1000 500 0.00 0 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Emission Load (Millions CO HC NOx PM VKT

Fig.1.56c Vehicle emission loads with the proposed emission norms (2010 - 2030) along with VKT From the above Fig.1.56c the road map laid down by the Auto Fuel Policy in 2003 able to make good progress in reducing the emissions at the National level even at rapid increase of VKT. The future vehicular estimated were made considering the Euro V, Euro VI and Euro VII norms emissions as shown in Fig. 156c. From the analysis, it can be clearly seen that there is considerable reduction in CO, NOx, HC and PM loads. Considering the congestion in the road network the vehicular emission loads were also estimated, the results shows that there is marginal increase. Accordingly considering the congestion in the road network the CO, NOx, HC and PM loads are estimated and it can be observed that due to congestion in the road network the reduction in CO, NOx, HC and PM is reduced. Though very primitive approach was adopted to estimate the pollution loads due to congestion, the output of the present study (pollution loads) can certainly give an idea about the quantum of pollution loads coming out of the vehicles considering prevailing congested conditions and subsequently they

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would help in implementing appropriate policy decisions to improve air quality, it is pertinent to note that the proposed travel demand management also very important to achieve the targeted reduction to the emission norms standards. There is tremendous scope to reduce the vehicle emission loads by adopting the proposed emission norms. To improve vehicle fuel efficiency three main components are suggested as policy options in integrated vehicle fuel efficiency; Information and Labelling; Regulatory actions; and Fiscal measures. For Indian conditions, these components are very important to implement in an integrated way to achieve the targeted fuel efficiency of HDVs.

An attempt has been made to work out, how the fuel efficiency will help in reduction of CO2 emissions for the Indian conditions, based on available fuel economy values for the HDVs from the different studies.

1200 BAU After Implementation of Fuel Efficiency for HDVs 1000 onnes) T 800

600

400 (000's Metric 2 200

0 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Annual Co Year

Fig. 1.57 Annual CO2 emissions under the BAU scenario considering all the other modes and after implementation of Fuel Efficiency for HDVs

Study of Benzene and VOCs in Different Corridors of Delhi

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are organic species with very high vapour pressure in the earth’s atmosphere and have significant effect on air quality. They can be transported to areas far away from emission sources and increase risk to human health. The most abundant pollutants among the VOCs emitted into the atmosphere are monoaromatic hydrocarbons: benzene; toluene; ethyl benzene; and xylene (BTEX), which are also markers for human exposure to VOCs.

CSIR-CRRI has collected VOC samples by GC-FID instrument and characterized the same. Three categories of sampling sites were chosen (residential, traffic junctions and petrol pumps). The sampling was done for one week duration time (Nov 2013). Fig.1.58 shows the typical variation of BTEX at various sites of Delhi. At residential sector of NPL, Kalkaji and CSIR apartment, benzene was found in the range of 0.3 to 0.6 µg/m3, toluene with 0.2 to 2.7 µg/m3, xylene from 1.5 to 4.7 µg/m3 and ethyl benzene from 0 to 0.1 µg/m3. Xylene was dominant in the entire sampling sites except petrol pump and CRRI gate. The average concentration of benzene was highest at petrol pump (3.5 µg/m3) however at all other sampling sites it was in the range of 0.4 to 0.8 µg/m3. At traffic intersections, Ashram and Rajendra Nagar, the concentration of xylene was 2.6 and 2.8 µg/m3 respectively. The mean concentration of BTEX observed was (0.9±0.2), (0.7±0.2), (0.2±0.1) and (2.4±0.4) µg/m3 respectively. Diesel internal combustion engine emissions, evaporative emissions of petrol, natural gas combustion and vehicular exhaust are the major contributors to the ambient levels of VOCs. Abundances of these compounds were substantially enriched over their abundances in the fuel, indicating that these compounds do not combust as well as other fuel components and they form as a part of the combustion process. The gasoline exhaust contribution is typically four times the diesel exhaust contribution. Evaporated gasoline and liquid gasoline are the most abundant contributors in most areas for these VOCs. Based on the MIR scale, xylenes were the most dominant contributors to

72 ozone formation among BTEX, which is in agreement with the publish literature. Toluene is the second largest contributor followed by ethyl benzene. Therefore, it is a matter of concern that government should take immediate action to control VOCs especially BTEX in Delhi city.

5 Benzene 4.5

4 Toluene

3 3.5

3 Xylene 2.5

Conc ug/m 2

1.5 1

0.5

0

Gate Kalkaji NPL CRRI Gate Residence Petrol pump Diesel pump Patel chowk NPL CSIR Residence

CRRI Gate free flow Ashram Intersection Sampling sites

Fig. 1.58 Typical spatial variation of BTEX at various sampling sites of Delhi

Construction of Copper Slag Embankment and Pavement Performance Study Copper slag embankment was earlier constructed by CSIR-CRRI on the bridge approaches of Madurai-Tuticorin Highway (NH-45B). The approaches towards Madurai were constructed with copper slag 300 m length on the right side (Ch. 261+750 m to 262+150 m) and 200 m length on the left side (Ch. 261+950 m to 262+150 m). The height of copper slag embankment varies from 1 to 4 m. As the construction of embankment using solely copper slag (100 per cent copper slag) was not practically feasible, it was mixed with locally available pond ash/local soil by about 50 per cent. The slope of the embankment was protected with 2m thick good earth. Copper slag was also used as a replacement of fine aggregates in bituminous concrete layer (wearing course) as Test section – II which was constructed on the same road for a length of 350 m at Ettaipuram from Ch.233+050 m to 233+400 m towards Madurai. The study of Pavement performance reveals that rebound deflections, roughness for copper slag embankment and bituminous concrete section are comparable to conventional sections. It has been observed that there was no appreciable settlement in the surface level of copper slag embankment either along the longitudinal section or along the cross section. The experimental copper slag embankment and bituminous concrete test sections are performing satisfactorily. It was recommended that copper slag can be used in the construction of embankment and bituminous concrete layers. Characterization and processing of natural gemstones of Odisha CSIR-IMMT has studied various collections of ruby, sapphire, garnet, and iolite from southern Kalahandi and Nuapada districts of Odisha. Processing such as heat treatment, lead oxide filling, laser heat treatment and Li

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incorporation have been taken up for typical ruby gemstones to improve color, contrast, refractive index, matching and tuning of shade.

As received Polished Surface cleaning Heat Treatment & Oxide filling

Fig: 1.59 Successive stages of treatment in ruby gemstone

Hybrid nanostructures for photoelectrochemical water splitting CSIR-IMMT has synthesized Sodium niobate nanorods by a facile surfactant free hydrothermal method to explore their potential for photoelectrochemical water splitting under visible light. Core-shell nanorods were fabricated by grafting CdS on sodium niobate nanorods. Better photo-generated charge carrier separation exhibited will help in the design of hybrid photocatalysts with solar hydrogen generation efficiently. TEM analysis shows the formation of sodium niobate nanorods which are of the order of 40 ± 5 nm in width and 1300 ± 100 nm in length. Presence of the thin layer on nanorods as observed in TEM image CdS-sodium niobatenanorod, and the XRD and SAD analysis reveal the grafting of hexagonal CdS on orthorhombic sodium niobate nanorods.

Fig: 1.60 Electron microscopy of CdS-SNR samples(a) Low magnification TEM image, (b) Selected area electron diffraction from a region marked by dotted circles in (a), (c) HRTEM image showing lattice fringes, (d) Fourier filtered image from a region marked by dotted box in (c), (e) STEM-HAADF images and in inset the EDX line profile from a region marked by a line 1. (f-j) EFTEM images taken from another core-shell nanostructure; (f) zero-loss image, (g) relative thickness map, (h) profile of thickness map from region marked by a rectangle in (g) showing rod like structure, (i) chemical map of Nb (red), (j)chemical map of Cd (green), indicating the locations of different atoms across the structure.

74 Defect evaluation in pipes using Magnetostrictive sensors made from nanostructured soft magnetic materials

CSIR-NML has expertise on development of rapidly solidified amorphous and nanostructured magnetic materials. Activities on inspection of pipes using Magnetostrictive sensor (MsS) is being carried out in the laboratory using the development materials. CSIR-NML has made an attempt to modify the magnetostrictive sensor (MsS) for enhanced sensor output signal and detection of different types of defects in the pipe using the MsS sensor. Amorphous or nanostructured sensing core in the form of Fe80Si8B12 melt sun magnetostrictive ribbon was used. The sensor comprises of a transmitter (Tc) cable, receiver coil (Rc) and DC biasing cable (Bc). Defects with increasing notch lengths were created in the pipe. The amplitude of reflected signal from the defect increases with increase in length of the notch and thus the defect size in ferrous pipe.

Fig: 1.61 Typical signals obtained for notch length of 30mm and 165mm

Process for production of DRI using iron ore slime with middling and rejected coal CSIR-NML has developed a process for production of highly metalized low sulphur direct reduced iron (DRI) utilizing waste iron ore slime and waste reducing agents. Waste middling coal and reject coal are used as reducing agents which contain more than 30 and 50% ash respectively. Iron ore slime pellets of 12 - 20 mm were made by the conventional method of pelletizing with optimized moisture content to obtain optimum green and dry strength. These iron ore slime pellets were dried in an ambient atmosphere and reduced in a bed of middling and reject coal containing premixed desulphurizing agent. Reduction temperature, time, size of pellets and reducing agents were optimized to yield highly metalized (>95%) low sulphur DRI. The reducing agents required for this process is only about 5 to 8% higher than the theoretical value which is 40 to 50% less than the conventional DRI process. An innovative process with optimized process parameters has been developed for production of highly metalized low sulphur DRI utilizing waste iron ore slime with waste middling and rejected coal. The DRI produced from this process have high metallization (> 96%), low sulphur content « 0.006), high cold crushing strength (> 200 Kg) suitable for blast furnace, induction furnace and electrical furnace for iron and steel making.

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Potash recovery from feldspar with simultaneous recovery of ferro-silicon India neither has any high grade primary potash reserve nor produces any potash based fertiliser. Total potash requirement of our country is met through imports. India has a reasonably good amount of low grade surface deposit of potash in the form of glauconite and feldspar with average potash content of about 5-12%. However, the K present in this explored mineral is chemically bound with aluminum and silicon and is not in water soluble form, which cannot be absorbed by plant crops. Hence it is not suitable for direct application in the fields. Potash from such minerals needs to be recovered as K2O/potash salt for agricultural purposes. Feldspar containing 10-

12% K2O can be considered as a very good raw material for recovering potash for its use in agriculture. CSIR-NML has developed an interesting process for the recovery of potash from feldspar (K,O.Al20.6SiO2) containing about 11% K,O. The process recovers potash by volatilization during smelting and simultaneously producing metallurgical grade Fe-Si. Various smelting parameters were optimized and tested on a two kg scale. However, the potassium vapor generated during smelting could not be collected in the open arc furnace. Smelting study of chromite ore of different grades to produce ferro-chrome in 50 kVA EAF Chromite ore mined in Sukhinda mines are rich in Cr and Cr:Fe ratio is increasing day by day which leads to increase in its refractoriness. Its reduction and smelting is very difficult. Usually this high grade ore is being blended with low grade ores to maintain Cr:Fe ratio of 2:6. However, in practice difficulties in furnace operation and Cr loss in slag occurs due to the frequent fluctuation of blend percentage. Process parameters need to be established for smelting reduction of refractory chromite ore for their optimum utilization in existing submerged arc furnace (SAF) process with an aim to produce 62% Cr in ferro-chrome with a maximum of 10% Cr loss in slag. CSIR-NML has conducted experiments in 50 kVA EAF in 12 kg batch (ore in charge) to study the metallic recovery, optimum power consumption with varying ore grades and flux composition. Tata Steel is conducting further study on produced slag and metals. Power requirement for smelting reduction in 50 kVA EAF is around 55 kWh. Soderberg paste (Graphite lining) has shown better performance than magnesite refractory. A good metallic recovery has been found in all cases, even for the refractory ores (Fe/ratio up to 4) and this is comparable with conventional sintered pellet charging. Beneficiation strategy for low grade copper ore from Zambia Silica, magnesia and alumina are the major gangue materials in this sulfide ore of copper. CSIR-NML has developed bench scale beneficiation through the flotation route. It was observed that the sample was 95% liberated at 75 micron size and liberation was not a major issue with the sample. Effective depression of the gangue was of major concern. It has been established that a pH of around 10 in the roughing stage and around 10.5 in the cleaning stages was required for effective flotation of the ore and no regrinding stage was necessary. Several depressants were investigated to bring down the gangue content to around 10% and the most effective depressant was recommended. The insoluble content was brought down to slightly below Fig: 1.62 Optical photomicrograph of the ore: inclusions 10% in the final concentrate with this depressant. It was of pyrite (pyt) within chalcopyrite (chp) and quartz (qtz) recommended that the pulp density must be low in the re- cleaner stages. The suggested PD values are around 30-34% in the rougher, scavenger and cleaner. It was also established that the efficiency of the suggested circuit would improve if the ore is mixed with another ore investigated in the ratio of 80:20.

76 Analytical and experimental studies on GFRP-Steel hybrid towers Presently, code of practice or guidelines for designing lattice tower using GFRP sections is not available. To determine the optimum parameters governing the tensile behaviour of joints, CSIR-SERC has conducted a series of experiments on GFRP plates and angle sections by varying the diameter, number of bolts, edge, pitch distances and plate washers. Based on these experimental studies, a 9 m high hybrid triangular based communication tower was designed, fabricated and tested for the specified wind speed and antennae configuration. From the analytical and experimental investigations the various design guidelines/ recommendations were formulated. Some of the significants ones are: • For tension and compression members made of GFRP sections, it is recommended to provide a minimum edge and pitch distances of 4d; • Bearing stress can be considered as 0.8 Futc ultimate tensile strength for the design of joints with steel bolts; • The maximum tensile capacity observed in tests for angle sections connected on both the flanges is equivalent to 81% and 64% of net section capacity according to IS: 800 and IS:802 codal provisions respectively; • Maximum compressive stress on an axially loaded angle section can be considered as 40 to 50% of the maximum tensile stress observed in the coupon test depending on the flange width to thickness ratio; and • The compression capacity of single flange connected bracing member can be considered as 70 to 80% capacity of both the flanges connected leg member. The GFRP roof top towers are economical since the weight is 44% less compared to steel tower and hence it is recommended to use GFRP towers for smaller heights. The hybrid tower, i.e. steel angles for leg members and GFRP angles for all other members offers an economical solution since the weight of hybrid tower is 36% less compared to steel tower and the stiffness is also closer to steel tower. Control devices for seismic damage mitigation of structures Conventional seismic design of a framed structure relies on the inherent ductility of the structure to dissipate seismic-generated vibration energy while accepting a certain level of structural damage. An alternative approach to dissipate seismic energy and to prevent catastrophic failure of a framed structure is to install passive or semi- active devices within the structure. CSIR-SERC has designed and fabricated a 3-storey quarter length scale Steel Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) model, fitted with two scissor-jack-MR damper systems placed at ground floor level, to study its seismic response characteristics. The effective damping of the frame model for different input currents to MR dampers are found using half power band width method. The effective damping ratio is found to be maximum at 0A input current to MR dampers, and it is decreasing with the increase in input current to dampers. The natural frequencies of the model with MR dampers at different input currents are found. It is observed that the natural frequency of the model increases with increase in input current to MR dampers. The model is subjected to two types of near field and two types of far field seismic excitations. From the observation of responses, it is noted that the variation of reductions in displacements and inter-storey drifts in the frame model beyond 0 A input current to MR dampers are not significant. For all four excitations, the storey shears of model are decreasing at 0 A input current to MR dampers. The storey-shears of the model are found to be increasing with increase in input currents in MR dampers beyond 0 A. From experimental studies it has been demonstrated that the scissor-jack-MR damper systems are effective in improving the performance of the building. Through experimental studies, it is found that in steel moment resistant

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frame (SMRF) model with magnetorheological (MR) dampers, the storey-shears, displacements and inter-storey drifts are found to be increasing with increase in input currents in MR dampers beyond 0 A. This indicates that MR dampers are not effective as semi-active seismic control of SMRF model. A robust damage-detection technique with environmental variability combining time-series models with principal components CSIR-SERC has developed a novel damage-detection technique based on time-series models for structural health monitoring in the presence of environmental variability and measurement noise. The large amount of data obtained in the form of time-history response is transformed using principal component analysis, in order to reduce the data size and thereby improve the computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The time instant of damage is obtained by fitting the acceleration time history data from the structure using autoregressive (AR) and AR with exogenous inputs time-series prediction models. The probability density functions (PDFs) of damage features obtained from the variances of prediction errors corresponding to references and healthy current data are found to be shifting from each other due to the presence of various uncertainties such as environmental variability and measurement noise. Control limits using novelty index are obtained using the distances of the peaks of the PDF curves in healthy condition and used later for determining the current condition of the structure. Numerical simulation studies have been carried out using a simply supported beam and also validated using an experimental benchmark data corresponding to a three-storey-framed bookshelf structure proposed by Los Alamos National Laboratory. Studies carried out in this work clearly indicate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm for damage detection in the presence of measurement noise and environmental variability. Magnetoresistance based Sensor CSIR-NAL has developed magnetoresistance element based gear tooth sensor for industrial sensor applications using GMR films deposited on 2-inch SiO2 and Si3N4 coated wafers consisting of more than 200 sensors. Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in thin-film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The main application of GMR is in magnetic field sensors, which are used to read data in hard disk drives, biosensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other devices.

0.4 mm 3 mm

3 mm

water diameter = 50 mm Fig: 1.63. 2-inch wafer level deposition and sensor patterning along 1.2 micron al bond pads and wire bonding

78 Hybrid nanostructures for photoelectrochemical water splitting CSIR-IMMT has synthesized Sodium niobate nanorods by a facile surfactant free hydrothermal method to explore their potential for photoelectrochemical water splitting under visible light. Core-shell nanorods were fabricated by grafting CdS on sodium niobate nanorods. Better photo-generated charge carrier separation exhibited here will help in the design of hybrid photocatalysts with solar hydrogen generation efficiently. TEM analysis shows the formation of sodium niobate nanorods which are of the order of 40 ± 5 nm in width and 1300 ± 100 nm in length. Presence of the thin layer on nanorods as observed in TEM image CdS-sodium niobatenanorod, and the XRD and SAD analysis reveal the grafting of hexagonal CdS on orthorhombic sodium niobate nanorods. 1.3.2 Technology Developed Contributions to LCA (Tejas) Programme CSIR-NAL led National Control Law Team (CLAW) played a crucial role in Tejas flight envelope expansion and up- gradation of control laws for obtaining the aircraft Initial Operation Clearance. On 20th December 2013, Tejas received the second of three levels of operational clearance (IOC-2). Also, the Air Data System (ADS) calibration was carried out using the flight data from high AOA PID test experiments. This process has led to the successful clearance of Initial Operational Clearance (IOC) version of the Air Data System. Using IOC standard Air Data System as the baseline, ADS for the Naval and two seater Airforce (Trainer) variants have been developed. After successful ground testing, Naval ADS version is integrated onto the aircraft and is currently undergoing flight tests. As a part of LCA series production, new production standard tools were designed and fabricated in association with the production partner M/s TATA Advanced Materials Ltd. Two sets of components were fabricated and First Article Inspection (FAI) was successfully carried out on composite products. The first set of components was also cleared by the Directorate General of Aeronautical Quality Assurance (DGAQA) for aircraft assembly. Contributions to Space Programmes CSIR-NAL has played a crucial role in the acoustic qualification of subsystems for the indigenous cryogenic stage used in GSLV–D5 for the Department of Space. These tests helped in the first successful flight (January 5, 2014) of the GSLV Mark II using the indigenously developed cryogenic engine, the CE-7.5 by ISRO. The LH2 Vent and Relief line along with the vent valve and the Protection plate in the Inter-Tank Truss region were crucial subsystems of the indigenous cryo stage which underwent acoustic qualification at CSIR-NAL (Fig.1.52a&b). Further, complete aerodynamic recharacterization of the LVM 3 vehicle with fully simulated wind tunnel model has been carried out at NTAF of NAL . The major challenge was to design, manufacture and test models for force measurements, steady and unsteady pressure measurements in a very short time frame. Further, the acoustic qualification of ISRO’s recent successful Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) satellite has been carried out at the new ATF facility at ISITE (ISRO Bengaluru) designed, built and commissioned by CSIR-NAL. NAL’s ATF scientists were closely associated with these acoustic qualification tests. CSIR is very proud to be associated with the successes of (a) (b) ISRO’s GSLV-D5 and Mars Orbiter Fig:1.64 (a) GSLV LH2 vent & Relief line and (b) GSLV ITT protection Mission programmes. plate ready for acoustic test at ATF

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Indigenous PSoC based autopilot hardware for MAVs

CSIR-NAL is the lead agency for Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) development in the country. A lot of improvements have been done on fixed wing MAVs like Slybird of 1.5 m wing span and Pushpak of 450 mm wing span related to product engineering aspects. The Slybird mini UAV and Pushpak 450 Micro UAV were successfully demonstrated to CRPF and NSG at Manesar. CSIR-NAL has successfully designed and developed state-of-the art indigenous Autopilot hardware using Programmable System on Chip (PSoC) based controller, 10 Degree of Freedom (10 DoF) sensor suite, pressure altimeter sensor, micro SD real-time recording device, interfaces to Servo actuators, interface to GPS receiver, and other sensors/devices (Fig. 1.65a). The autopilot hardware has been integrated and test flown successfully in plat- forms like Slybird, Sky Surfer, and Hang Glider apart from various ground vehicles (Fig.1.65b).

APV1 Version<10gms APV2 Version< 10gms APV3 Version 12gms APV4 Version 14gms

Fig: 1.65a Indigenous PSoC based autopilot hardware for MAC

Fig: 1.65b Integration of autopilot hard ware with data logger to the Powered Hang Glider

Technology Transfers from CSIR-AMPRI CSIR-AMPRI has transferred technologies for ‘Hammer Tips for Sugar Mills’ and ‘Cement-free green cement to M/s Asugar Engineering Services, Sai Maa, at Kawadi Post and M/s Jindal Steel & Power Limited, Raigarh. The above technology/knowhow transfer will lead to improvement of the economy as these knowhow are environment and user friendly besides giving a boost in the economy for the industry partners. Advanced sensor-based technique for raw materials beneficiation CSIR-NML has developed a technique for an online gradation of iron ores based on alumina content. After a preliminary exploration of the few existing techniques for ore gradation, IR thermography was selected for this purpose. Iron ores with Fe composition in the range of 58 to 67 wt. % and alumina (Al2O3) from 1.0 to 6.0 wt. % were collected from Noamundi mines, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur. The bulk amount of iron ore specimens was weighed and divided into portions of equal quantity. Each portion of ore specimens were taken in a petri dish and heated uniformly using a microwave oven for a duration of 10 second which is sufficient to create a difference in IR

80 emission between the ore specimens. Infrared Thermography (make FUR Agema 550) with 0.1°C resolution was configured to capture the thermal image of the heat radiated by iron ore specimens placed at fixed distance from the IR camera. Calibration was done on 150 samples collected from Noamundi. Flow sheet was prepared for predicting alumina in the iron ores. The technique was demonstrated and implemented at Noamundi. An on-site training to personnel was provided and this process has since been continuously used at Tata Steel, Noamundi.

Graphene based composite coating for corrosion inhibition of steel

Graphene exhibits unusual electronic properties owing to the linear dispersion of valence and conduction band. Besides, it has been shown recently that the graphene sheet is impermeable to all the chemical ions, which motivates many researchers to use graphene as a coating material on metals for corrosion inhibition. CSIR-NML has developed a process for coating of graphene on steel from seedlac as a carbon source. The composite coating showed good corrosion inhibition of steel in 3.5 wt.% salt solution. The corrosion properties measured by salt spray technique revealed that the coating lifetime of composite on steel is more than 200 h. The developed process has potential to make cost¬ effective graphene coated steel for corrosion inhibition.

Process flow sheet for beneficiation of low grade Iron ore sample from Shire-Mentebteb, Ethopia

About 500 million tonnes of iron ore resources are located in Shire-Mentebteb region of Ethiopia. The deposit is a lean grade goethitic ore and it is to be concentrated to a level suitable for utilization through blending with high grade concentrate for iron and steel making. CSIR-NML has developed a process flow sheet for beneficiation of the low grade iron ore with 33.17% Fe content to produce concentrate with 51% Fe.

Mineralogical studies of the ore revealed that goethite is the main iron-bearing mineral although its abundance is less compared to the gangue minerals. Major gangue minerals are quartz and clay. Clay, which forms the main matrix, contains finely dispersed goethite, quartz and occasionally hematite. From the texture of the ore it may be inferred that while the minerals like oolitic/pisolitic goethite, quartz will be liberated at a relatively coarser size, the finely dispersed goethite and clay at extremely fine sizes below 63 µm. The lean grade, complex mineralogy and goethitic nature of the ore posed a challenging task in developing the process flow sheet.

Processes for recovery of Cobalt from discarded Li-ion- batteries of mobile phone

In recent years generation of electronic waste (E-Waste) or waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) has posed a new environmental challenge. Mobile phone batteries constitute a major fraction of e-waste, which contain rare and strategic metals such as cobalt, lithium, nickel etc. that can be recovered in an eco-friendly manner following the zero waste concept. CSIR-NML has developed a cost effective process which to helps in reduction of e-waste and its inefficient recycling and dissolution of metals. The leach liquor generated is employed for removal of impurities following precipitation, solvent extraction or ion-exchange techniques. The purified solution containing cobalt in sulfate medium is used for the recovery of cobalt as salt or metal using crystallization/relectro-winning processes. The process has been transferred to M/s Adv. Metal Combine Ltd.

Lab Scale Aerospace Grade Autoclave

An affordable lab scale aerospace grade autoclave has been conceived and designed by CSIR-NAL with the state of the art features to meet the growing need of the academia and R&D institutions. The first order was received from IIT Kanpur. It was indeed a proud moment as the first aerospace grade lab scale autoclave was formally handed over to IIT- Kanpur on 25th March 2014. The compact lab scale autoclave (0.9m diameter and 1.0m length work space) provides all the features of a large industry standard autoclave. The lab scale autoclaves was delivered by the CSIR-NAL led PPP consortium consisting of M/s Unique Chemo Plant Equipments, Mumbai and M/s Datasol India Private Ltd.

81 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

Fig: 1.66 Lab Scale Autoclave : 900mm dia x 1000mm length, Maxm. temp 200 deg C, Maxm. Pressure-7 bar(g), power 23kW

Mitigation Strategies for Structures Located in Seismically Prone Regions adopting Supplemental Damping Strategy

Many urban multistory buildings in India today have open ground storey (OGS) as an unavoidable feature. This is primarily being adopted to accommodate parking or reception lobbies in the ground storey. The seismic design provisions of open ground storey structures as available in the current code of practice are arbitrary and not rational. Hence there is a demand to formulate guidelines for the retrofit and design of these classes of structures.

CSIR-SERC has developed a simple procedure using plastic hinge concept. The main assumption in this method is that the whole structure behaves as a single degree of freedom system as an inverted pendulum with a heavy mass at the top such that the entire elastic deformation of the structure is felt only by the OGS columns. Further the columns in the OGS are rotationally restrained at top of the stilt floor and at the foundation level. They are free to translate at top of the stilt floor only. The displacement demand capacity ratio is used to evaluate the severity of risk of an OGS building for local seismic hazard. The Fig: 1.67 Half-scale model of a reinforced concrete open displacement demand capacity ratio is calculated using yield ground storey building for performing shake table experimental investigations to establish the and ultimate curvature of the column section. A parametric vulnerability of open ground storey / soft storey study is carried out considering the prescriptive reinforcements effect including torsional effect.

82 and dimensions of ground floor columns of the OGS buildings in India. A programme is developed in Visual Studio platform using Visual c# with graphical user interface to assess the seismic vulnerability of open-ground storey apartments based on above methodology. A half-scale model of a reinforced concrete open ground storey (OGS) building is constructed for performing shake table experimental investigations to establish the vulnerability of open ground storey/soft storey effect including torsional effect. The building model constructed is a three storied framed building with a total height of 4.8m, having in-fills at higher floors and kept open at the ground floor. Technology transfer of Low Ozone Depletion Potential (0.01-0.5) Innovative Fire Suppression System CSIR-CBRI has developed an all class water-mist based and low ozone depleting fire extinguisher. It is suitable for: Class 'A' combustible material fires such as wood, clothe; class 'B' flammable liquid fires such as petrol, diesel, and kerosene; class ‘K’ kitchen fires for safety of Women; and electric fires. It is a low-cost equipment which can be made available at prices of Rs. 100, 200, 500 and 1000. The technology has been transferred to M/s Aska Equipments, Ltd., New Delhi.

Fig: 1.68 Experiments with water-mist and other indigenously developed liquid extinguish ants in the 18,000nm to 10,00,000nm size range for effective extinguishment

Control measure and stabilization of a Landslide in Chamoli-Joshimath region of Garhwal Himalaya CSIR-CBRI has carried out the stability analysis of the landslide to recognize the state of stability condition of the landslide area which helps to design the suitable control measures. The analysis was carried out for different land profiles as shown in the Fig: 1.71.

Fig: 1.69 Sections for stability analysis

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Factor of safety were calculated using limit equilibrium methods at different moisture conditions varying from dry to 94% saturation. The factor of safety of a section was found to be 1.3 which decreases to 1.1 under full saturation. The analysis has revealed almost the similar results for different slip circles and for other sections also. The factor of safety of a critical slip surface was found to be just 1.00 under saturated condition. It was observed from the analysis that in dry condition a shallow part of the slope mainly comprising sandy silt becomes unstable while under saturated condition a significant portion of slope becomes unstable containing sandy silt and sandy gravel layers. The depth of the slip surface varies from 10-15m in different condition.

Sandy Silt 1.5 1.4 Sandy Gravel 1.3 1.2 1.1

1 Road 0.9 Weathered Rock 0.8 Factor of Safety 0.7

0.6 0.5

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Moisture Content 0.00 0.00 12.00 Fig: 1.70 Stability analysis of landslide slope

Fig: 1.71 Composite scheme of control measure prepared for stabilization of this landslide

84 This study was conducted through geological, geotechnical and geophysical investigations, and mathematical modeling of an active landslide of Chamoli- Joshimath region of Garhwal Himalaya to arrive at design and implementation of appropriate control actions.

Breathe analyzer for diabetes and sensor for asthma

Diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic and to date there is no non-invasive, cost-effective, user friendly, portable device available for detection of diabetes. CSIR-CGCRI has developed prototype of a breath analyser for detection and monitoring of diabetes based on γ-Fe2O3 sensor material with different dopants and tested its sensitivity/selectivity at laboratory level. In case of humidity sensor for asthma shown in the figure, the testing of sensor showed a response time of 2-4 sec for 6% moisture sensing which is aimed to reduce to 1-2 sec.

Fig: 1.72a Prototype of humidity sensor Fig:1.72b monodispersed γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles

Fine Mg-Al layered double hydroxide nanopowders

CSIR-CGCRI has developed a new hydrothermal technique to obtain fine Mg-Al layered double hydroxide nanopowders. The synthesized powder was found to exhibit excellent suspension properties. Using this process the drug loading (20-30%) was very effective (without denaturisation of drugs). In vitro drug loading and release studies were completed and typical tablets were developed from the powder are shown in the picture .

Fig: 1.73a Nanoceramic vehicle (50-200 nm) Fig: 1.73b Nanoceramic based SR (sustained release) in aqueous suspension tablet formulation for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

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CSIR-CGCRI Glass Lining Technology goes into Production

CSIR-CGCRI has developed a suitable composition for a special type of impervious glass lining coating material and a process of application of the same on metallic substrates. Following an Agreement for Licensing of Know- how signed by CSIR-CGCRI with M/s Standard Glass Lined Equipments Pvt. Ltd Hyderabad, the company initially assimilated the technology on a small scale but subsequently established a full scale industrial manufacturing unit of 30,000 liters capacity. A section of the production line in the glass lining manufacturing unit based on CSIR-CGCRI technology is shown in picture. Fig. 1.74

Fig: 1.74 Glass lining coating Handing over of the Ceramic Membrane Plant at Taki, West Bengal

A plant (30000 LPD capacity) has been commissioned at Puratan Bazar, Hasnabad under office of Taki municipality, North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal for supply of safe drinking water All the necessary documents were handed over to office of Municipal Councilors of Taki on August 27, 2013 after six months of successful demonstration. The plant is designed to purify water of river Ichamati in two steps using Microfiltration cum Reverse Osmosis based membranes developed by CSIR-CGCRI and CSIR-CSMCRI.

Fig: 1.75 Handing over document to office of Muncipal Councellors of Taki

86 Transfer of Technology of Ceramic Membrane for Arsenic and Iron removal CSIR-CGCRI has signed an agreement on July 22, 2013 on ceramic membrane based technology for removal of arsenic and iron (including the process for media preparation) with M/s Entech Metals Pvt. Ltd, Kolkata. Under this agreement, CSIR-CGCRI has granted license to Entech to utilize process know how up to capacity of 20,000 LPD on non-exclusive basis for a period of seven years. Manufacturing of Glass Beads/ Nodules CSIR-CGCRI has signed an agreement on February 27, 2014 with IFGL Refractories Limited, Sundargarh, Odisha to grant permission for manufacturing of glass beads/ nodules for encapsulation of nuclear wastes. The permission has been granted to make the product on the basis of CGCRI knowhow for a period of three years on non-exclusive basis from the date of the signing of agreement subject to successful completion of initial trials. Supercontinuum Light Source Launched India's first Supercontinuum light source designed and developed from a industry project under CSIRs New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiatives jointly executed by CSIR-CGCRI, Kolkata and Vinvish Technologies, Thiruvanathapuram has been inaugurated by Mr. S Jaipal Reddy, Hon'ble Minister for Science Technology and Earth Sciences on 26th September 2013 at New Delhi. CSIR-CGCRI has contributed the Photonic Crystal Fiber(PCF) medium to the development of commercial grade SC source. During Supercontinuum light generation, an intense laser pulse is passed through PCF medium that generates white light of stabilized high output power. The said Supercontinuum light source covers a broad wavelength range of 400 to 2450 nm and emits white light spectrum of 1.5W average power.

Fig: 1.76 Launching of Supercontinuum light source by the then Hon'ble Minister of Science & Technology Shri S. Jaipal Reddy

Value Added Ceramic Products from Solid Wastes CSIR-CGCRI has developed value added ceramic products such as pavement blocks, tiles utilizing solid wastes such as LD slag, BF slag, fly ash generated at Visakhapatnam Steel Plant, Vizag. RINL Chairman-cum-Managing Director, Mr. A P Choudhary praised CSIR-CGCRI for developing waste utilization technology.

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Fig: 1.77 RINL CMD, Shri A.P. Choudhary praising the products from waste Improvement in MgO-C refractories to enhance the convertor life CSIR-CGCRI has developed MgO-C based refractory materials, which was upscaled at site of Vizag Steel Plant. The LD converter were completely relined with the newly developed MgO-C refractory. The life obtained was 6900 Heats compared to an average lining life of 5500 Heats. The operating parameters of the 172nd trial campaign were compared with the 170th & 171st campaigns. It was observed that although the 172nd campaign experienced vulnerable conditions like high hot metal Si, low slag MgO and basicity and significantly higher percent reblow but inspite of these negative effects, the trial campaign with CSIR-CGCRI developed MgO-C bricks showed improved life.

Fig: 1.78 Different stages of upscaling of MgO-C brick at RINL -VSP

88 Technology for clean coal from high ash and high sulphur Indian coals

CSIR-IMMT has beneficiated high ash coking and non-coking coals and desulphurized North-East coal to achieve clean coals with 10% ash and low sulphur. Large number of samples from various sources including the mines and washeries of Jharia, Satabdi, Kathara, Sonepur Bazari, Hingula, Basundhara, north Karnapura, Meghalaya, and Assam were studied. Experiments suggest that it is possible to attain coking coal of standard 10% ash with up to 70% overall yield and non-coking coals with 10% ash and yield up to 45% by employing different mineral processing stages. These products can be used in blast furnaces and other metallurgical and smelting processes. Coal fines and washery rejects were also beneficiated using flotation techniques. Specific experiments involving Hingula non-coking coal led to a concentrate with 9.5% ash at 73% yield by grinding the coal to 100 microns and subjecting to jigging, tabling and flotation. This product can be used for blast furnace injection. Further it was possible to remove 50% of sulphur and about 8% ash in Maghalaya coal through biological treatment. Up to 30% sulphur removal was achieved in Assam coal by chemical leaching. Techno-economic feasible reports are being prepared with best process packages for specific coal types.

Lead recovery from de-copperised anode slime

CSIR-IMMT has developed a process flow sheet for the recovery of lead values from de-copperised anode slime. Two different materials containing 22.35% and 47% lead along with other metal values such as Te, Se, Cu, Sb, As and precious group metals were studied. The flow sheet integrates with existing anode slime flow sheet available at M/s Hindalco Industries Ltd., Dahej. Unit operations process flow sheet includes brine leaching to solubilise lead values and PbS precipitation. Lead was recovered as lead sulphide and the overall recovery of lead was about 80%.

Extraction of potassium from Nepheline Syenite

Main potassium mineral resources, like soluble K-chlorides/sulphates present in some minerals (sylvite, sylvinite, kainite, and polyhalite) are not available in India. Alternatively, K values are associated with the silicate minerals like feldspar, mica, biotite, muscovite, and nepheline. Nepheline syenite is igneous rock largely made up of nepheline, feldspars without any free silica. The K2O and Al2O3 value in it varies from 5-14% and 22-26% respectively and can be the potential future source for both alumina and potassium. Considering the huge deposits of nepheline syenite in Odisha, CSIR-IMMT has explored feasibility of recovering potassium values. Intensive characterization studies indicate that potassium present in nepheline syenite is in complex matrix form and requires high energy to unlock the K value. The chloridizing roasting-leach route was therefore applied for the extraction leading to recovery of all the potassium values (99.6%) by converting to sylvite phase by CaCl2 roasting at 900° C followed by leaching using water at ambient temperature. Potassium being an essential element for plant nutrition, its demand for agricultural use is growing steadily at 3-3.5% per annum. It is expected that India’s potash import would likely to go up in future from the present import level of 2.4 million tons per annum. The technology, after perfection, act as import substitution.

Design and development of improved Mineral Jig

CSIR-IMMT has designed, developed and commissioned a pilot scale improved mineral jig for beneficiation of low grade iron ores. It operated successfully at the capacity of 3 t/hr. The equipment has shown better performance in the beneficiation of flaky and near gravity characteristics in processing Indian iron ores and will provide suitable raw materials for iron and steel industries. The technology has been transferred to M/s Arthur Turnkey Projects Ltd, Kolkata. Fig: 1.79 Improved Mineral Jig

89 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

Tribo-electrostatic separator for coal beneficiation

CSIR-IMMT has developed a lab scale tribo-electrostatic separator with vibratory feeder and fluidized bed tribo- charger system for beneficiation of high ash Indian coal fines. Optimal operational conditions for the equipment have been established at 10 kg/hr. scale for the raw coking coal rejects and washery fine rejects of Dugda washery, Jharkhand. The dry technology employed in the system will provide solutions for water management in washeries, tailing disposal, transportation and energy consumption. The equipment has shown 10% ash reduction at 60% yield from high ash coking and non-coking coals. The technology, on up-scaling and commercialization shall help the nation on efficient resource utilization and employment generation in coal sector.

Production of green steel by hydrogen plasma smelting process

CSIR-IMMT has developed a novel environmental friendly technology to produce steel without any polluting effluent gas. Unlike the conventional iron extraction process which requires multiple stages of processing in coke oven plant, sintering plant and blast furnace, the hydrogen plasma smelting would involve only one step process.

The reduction reactions involving hydrogen and iron oxide will also eliminate the emission of CO/CO2, thereby greatly minimizing the air pollution. It has been possible to produce pure iron containing more than 99.54 % Fe by hydrogen plasma smelting process in one kg scale. CSIR-IMMT is exploring possibilities to scale-up the futuristic process with industry participation.

Fig: 1.80 Hydrogen plasma smelting reactor

Cold setting fly ash brick manufacturing technology

CSIR-IMMT’s technology employing non-firing process of mineral cementation and geopolymerization in the making of construction materials, like bricks and blocks has received market acceptance. The process has been licensed to 3 large industries and 13 MSMEs in the last two years. A pilot plant facility has been created at CSIR- IMMT for large scale production of fly ash brick. Apart from utilization of high volume fly ash in the making of bricks and blocks, the process is flexible and economic for utilization of red mud, crusher and granite dust, iron and chromite tailings, gypsum, blast furnace slag, red soil and dichromate residue.

90 Full scale implementation of zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) system for effluent treatment in agrochemical industry

CSIR-NEERI has developed know-how to bio-oxidize organic compounds and ammonia that are present in high strength agrochemical effluents in a two-stage Sequential Bio Reactor (SBR) process.

Ammonia stripping Heterotrophic Autotrophic Bioxidation Bioxidation (Removal of Volatiles) (Removal of Organic (Removal of Ammonia Carbon & Phenol) & Residual Carbon) NH3

-- Wastewater ------Treated Ammonia ------Effluent Organic Carbon ------Phenol - Air Stage I Stage II Air Biooxidation in sequential batch reactors Stripper (Stage separation for effective biooxidation of herotrophic & autotrophic processes)

Fig:1.81 Sequential Bio Reactor (SBR) The process encompasses step-by-step oxidation of organic compounds and ammonia by heterotrophic and autotrophic groups of microorganisms in two different stages. The growth rate and metabolic activities of heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms determine the natural separation of these microbial groups in the first and second stages of SBR respectively. Stage separation eliminates competition between two groups of microorganisms for space, oxygen and nutrients and ensures sustained and efficient bio-oxidation.

Target Pollutants

Organic Carbon

Ammonia

Phenols

Biological Oxidation

Stage separation for sustainability of heterotrophic and autotrophic processes Bio-oxidation-Stage I Bio-oxidation-Stage II (Heterotrophic process) (Autotrophic process) Ammonia & Organics & Phenol Ressidual organic Removel removel Fig: 1.82 The concept of stage separation

The developed process is implemented at full-scale and commissioned at M/s Nagarjuna Agrichem Ltd., (NACL), Srikakulam, A.P. with a designed capacity of 600 m3/d.

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Deployment of electronic nose for monitoring of obnoxious odourous constituents generated from pulp and paper industries A electronic nose (e-nose) system jointly developed by CSIR-NEERI and C-DAC, has been deployed at two industries - M/s Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited, Karur, Tamil Nadu and M/s Mysore Paper Mills, Bhadravati, Karnataka. The e-nose system consists of three units: sampling unit, sensor unit and purging unit. CSIR-NEERI imparted training to the industry personnel for operating the e-nose system and sample collection from various source points. The data generated from these industries is regularly monitored by CSIR-NEERI and CDAC teams. The samples were collected from the digester, work environment and evaporator points from both the industries. Application of this e-nose system in tanneries and distilleries is being further explored for monitoring of obnoxious odors.

Fig: 1.83 Electronic nose deployed at Mysore Paper Mills, Bhadravati, Karnataka Development and demonstration of 500W SOFC Stack with hydrogen as fuel and testing of short stack with synthetic gas Based on the leads developed and technological gaps identified in the earlier CSIR-NMITLI project, the present project proposal was framed for phase-wise development and demonstration of an indigenous solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power pack of 500W capacity with hydrogen as fuel and for testing of internally reformed short stack (up to 3-4 cells) with synthetic gas. During the implementation of the project, novel functional anode as active layers in the single cell has been incorporated besides developing other aspects like, thermally cyclable high temperature sealants for more than 100 hrs testing and development of internally reformed anode SOFC. The modeling and simulation for validation of new stack design matched with the experimental results confirm the simulation data. Multiple SOFC Stacks of varied capacities - 250 W, 400W and 500W have been developed and demonstrated by incorporating newly developed glass sealants. Two patents are being filed on the design w.r.t the stack bi-polars and thermally cyclable sealants capable of cycling 800 – 200oC.

Fig: 1.84a 500W SOFC Stack Fig: 1.84b Stack Demonstration

92 Design, development and demonstration of high performance Parabolic Trough based 300 kW Solar Thermal Power Plant

The project envisaged the development of (a) High Performance Heat Collection Element (HCE); (b) Engineered Parabolic Trough; and (c) Prototype 300 kW Solar Thermal Power Plant. The project is primarily being executed by M/s Milman Thin Film Systems Ltd, Pune and 3 publicly funded institutes viz., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai, and Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), Indore are supporting the technical developments.

An Engineered Parabolic Trough and a 4 meter long Photo-receiver Tube i.e. Heat Collection Element (HCE) have been designed and developed. Both these systems have been installed at IIT Chennai and testing and validation data are being collected.

Stability of Reflection losses glass Reflection losses absorber shading Receiver glass-to-metal Seal losses Concentrator Receiver support Minor support Receiver Adjustment Central Shaft Vacuum Torque tube absorber Pylons Hydraulic Traking

Vacuum Stability Gas heat losses Radiation heat losses

Fig: 1.85 Parabolic Trough and Heat Collection Element (HCE)

1.3.3 Unique Major Facility The National Trisonic Aerodynamic Facility (NTAF) NTAF of CSIR-NAL continued its S&T support to the major national aerospace projects of the Departments of Space, Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA), Ministry of Defence using the 1.2m Trisonic wind tunnel. The tunnel time was utilized for projects from Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSS), DRDO, and ADA. Apart from contributing to the National security, during the year 2013-14 the NTAF carried out blow-downs worth Rs.10.65 crore. Acoustic Test Facility The Acoustic Test Facility (ATF) continued to play a crucial role in environmental qualification of satellites, launch vehicle inter-stages and their subsystems for the Indian Space Programme. During the year ATF successfully completed acoustic test programmes on the GSLV –D5, ISRO’s heavy lift launch vehicle and the GSLVM3. Failure Analysis and Accident Investigations CSIR-NAL has been widely recognized as India’s premier organization for carrying out failure analysis and accident investigations, and it has been doing this with distinction for more than 40 years. During the year 2013- 14, fifty three investigations were taken up and completed. Majority of these investigations were under taken for Indian Air Force, India Navy, HAL, ADA, DGCA etc. The laboratory contributed significantly in identifying the causes of failures and suggesting recommendations for prevention of similar failures in future. The recommendations suggested encompassed design modification, selection of appropriate material and fabrication methodology, maintenance and inspection schedule as applicable depending on the nature of failure.

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Forward Velocity Deceleration Sled

This unique facility is part of an integrated impact and crashworthiness research facility (ICRF) conceptualized and developed by CSIR-NAL. The forward velocity deceleration sled which can generate deceleration pulses as required by FAR 23.562 / 25.562 for design of aircraft components is the first of its kind in the country. The sled is designed for a maximum speed of 60Kmph and with impact mass of 2200kg (1200 kg sled and 1000kg payload). The sled was designed jointly with ARIES, Spain. ICRF has been developed as a high technology facility that will carry out research in the vital area of flight safety and occupant safety, applicable to both aerospace and automotive customers.

Fig: 1.86 Forward Velocity Deceleration Sled

Vapour Cycle Refrigeration Test Facility

A Vapour Cycle Refrigeration System (VCRS) test facility has been established by CSIR-NAL during the year. The VCRS test facility will generate design data like heat transfer coefficients and two phase friction factor coefficients for both wavy and serrated fins. This data is essential for the design of condenser and evaporator of all Electric Environmental Control System (ECS) of an aircraft.

Fig: 1.87 Vapour Cycle Refrigeration System Test Facility

94 Cookstove testing facility A cookstove test centre equipped with advanced equipment and instruments has been established at CSIR-IMMT. The facility is carrying out tests for efficiency and emission parameters of various types of cookstoves. During 2013-14 the test facility conducted performance evaluation of fourteen different types of cookstoves as per the revised Indian standard. CSIR-IMMT has also participated in the development of Indian standard on portable biomass cookstove (IS 13152 (Part 1): 2013.

Fig : 1.88 Schematic of Cookstove Testing facilty

1.4 INFORMATION SCIENCES CLUSTER 1.4.1 Scientific Excellence First algorithm for finding analytical solutions of quasiperiodic solutions of non-linear oscillators using the Homotopy Analysis Method CSIR-4PI has proposed a technique to obtain limit cycles and quasi-periodic solutions of forced nonlinear oscillators. Scientists of CSIR-4PI has applied technique to the forced Van der Pol oscillator and the forced Van der Pol Duffing oscillator and obtained for the first time their limit cycles (periodic) and quasi-periodic solutions analytically. A modification of the homotopy analysis method has been introduced to obtain these solutions. To estimate seismic hazard, the basic law of seismicity, the Gutenberg–Richter recurrence relation, CSIR-4PI has applied in a modified form involving a spatial term: logN(M,L)=A-B(M-5)+ClogL, where N(M,L) is the expected annual number of earthquakes of a certain magnitude M within an area of linear size L. The parameters A, B, and C of this Unified Scaling Law for Earthquakes (USLE) in the Himalayas and surrounding regions have been studied on the basis of a variable space and time-scale approach. The observed temporal variability of the A, B, and C coefficients indicates significant changes of seismic activity at the time scales of a few decades. At global scale, the value of A ranges mainly between -1.0 and 0.5, which determines the average rate of earthquakes that accordingly differs by a factor of 30 or more. The value of B concentrates about 0.9 ranging from under 0.6 to above 1.1, while the fractal dimension of the local seismic prone setting, C, changes from 0.5 to 1.4 and larger. For Himalayan region, the values of A, B, and C have been estimated mainly ranging from -1.6 to -1.0, from 0.8 to 1.3, and from 1.0 to 1.4, respectively. Scientist of 4PI have used the deterministic approach to map the local value of the expected peak ground acceleration (PGA) from the USLE estimated maximum magnitude or, if reliable estimation was not possible, from the observed maximum magnitude during 1900–2012. Using these data a

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seismic hazard map of the Himalayas with spatially distributed PGA was prepared. Further, an attempt has been made to generate a series of the earthquake risk maps of the region based on the population density exposed to the seismic hazard. A Preliminary Study on Rainfall Pattern before and after the January 26, 2001 Bhuj Earthquake (Mw 7.7) over Kachchh Region of Western Peninsular, India Today it is an established fact that heavy rainfall can trigger earth- quake at the faults or fractures depending upon the local geology. CSIR-4PI has made an attempt to check relation between earthquake and rainfall with different scientific approaches. Institute has tempted to critically examine the relation between the Bhuj earthquake- aftershocks sequence and the rainfall pattern over the region as large earthquake (Mw 7.7) has occurred on January 26, 2001 in Kachchh region of western peninsular shield of India and the aftershocks are being reported till the date. The rainfall data for 20 years, i.e. 10 years before and 10 years after the main shock of January 26, 2001, recorded by three meteorological observatories in the Kachchh region has been analyzed. Institute has also studied annual total rainfall for two decades, annual rainfall departures from the climate normal, number of rainy days and number of heavy rainfall days during the period for all the three meteorological observatories of Kachchh region. A significant increase in all the measured rainfall parameters i.e. annual total rainfall, number of rainy days and number of heavy rainfall days over the Kachchh region during last decade i.e., from 2001 to 2010 after the main shock was observed. Numbers of negative departures have been decreased during the last decade compared to previous decade. Thus rainfall pattern over Kachchh region is being changed. This increase in rainfall activity over Kachchh region may have been influenced by large earthquake and continuing aftershock activities over the region. Contemporary deformation in the Kashmir-Himachal, Garhwal and Kumaon Himalaya: significant insights from 1995-2008 GPS time series For the first time CSIR-4PI has observed surface deformation in West and northwest Himalaya, a region of considerable tectonic interest but very few previous geodetic studies. Well constrained time averaged velocity, convergence and extension rates using 13 years (1995-2008) of high precision GPS times series of ~56 stations in Kashmir-Himachal, Garhwal, Kumaon Himalaya were analysed. The results give significant insights in to the strain partitioning and regional deformation pattern involving both convergence and extension in various litho-tectonic units of the region and indicate that the future seismo-tectonic models in the Himalaya need to account for this pattern. In addition GPS time series also give an estimate of the co and post -seismic displacement due to 1999 Chamoli earthquake which is used to model the rupture plane associated with the earthquake. This research has for the first time recorded extension in Thethyan Himalaya which is highly vulnerable to earthquake.

A comparative study on S&T innovation and development strategies of China & Korea vis-à-vis India

S&T has played a very distinctive role in the economic transformation of both China and South Korea in last three decades. CSIR-NISTADS has studied in detail, the process that facilitated build-up of S&T capabilities in China and Korea by analyzing their S&T and innovation policies in the last three decades. Comparisons were made with India in terms of deriving lessons. For Both China and Korea, the path of development has been strengthening the manufacturing sector by following Japan’s model in which State played a critical role in formulating a growth strategy and implementing it with appropriate policy instruments. Some of the strategic moves of both China and Korea include (i) targeted development and commensurate resource mobilization, (ii) continually evolving policies with strict enforcement and implementable instruments, (iii) a differentiation between success and failure, and (iv) a will to acknowledge failures and efforts to correct them. The focus of both the countries on strengthening the S&T infrastructure for developing commensurate technological capabilities and strengthening the innovation infrastructure has turned out to be the most crucial factor in the transformation process.

96 Increase in Impact Factor of CSIR Journals CSIR-NISCAIR has been providing scholarly research communication links to the scientific community through its 18 journals of international repute, covering the major disciplines of science and technology. Some of these journals have notched up an increase in Impact Factor (IF) comparable to other journals in their field at the national level. Spreading scientific awareness CSIR-NISCAIR’s three popular science magazines in English, Hindi and Urdu continued to spread awareness about scientific issues among the civil society in the country. The magazines have been playing a vitally important role of engaging the civil society with science & technology. CSIR-wide Consortium Access to Online Information Resources CSIR-NISCAIR facilitates access to R&D information to all CSIR scientists. It analysed the requirements of all the CSIR labs and identified 15 international publishers whose resources were made available to all the scientists and researchers of CSIR. In addition, the National Knowledge Resource Consortium (NKRC) that is administered by CSIR-NISCAIR also facilitates R&D information to all the DST-aided institutions in the country. CSIR-NISCAIR Tube CSIR-NISCAIR Tube has been launched to serve as a repository of science videos, photographs, presentations, etc. which could serve as an important information and archival resource for CSIR scientists. The site has recorded more than 35000 hits. About 75 photographs and more than 100 videos have been uploaded by various members/agencies. The participating members are several CSIR laboratories. Efforts are on to popularise the CSIR-NISCAIR Tube within the wider scientific community as well. CSIR Outreach The two newsletters brought out by CSIR-NISCAIR – CSIR News (in English) and CSIR Samachar (in Hindi) – serve as effective links between various CSIR constituents and purveyor of information regarding CSIR’s S&T achievements for other R&D organizations, university departments, industry and other users. Popular science magazines The popular science magazines ‘Science Reporter’; ‘Vigyan Pragati’; and ‘Science Ki Duniya’ being brought out by the Institute have been playing an important role of disseminating scientific information and spreading scientific awareness among the country’s citizens.

Fig: 1.89 CSIR-NISCAIR's three popular science magazines in English, Hindi and Urdu

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Multimedia

The Institute has initiated a programme Eureka where an eminent scientist with significant achievements in the field of research and heading some research organisation in the country is interviewed. The weekly programme is being telecast every Sunday on Rajya Sabha TV channel. In collaboration with Vigyan Prasar, the Institute has also developed films on ten Indian women scientists who have shaped Indian science over the years. This is being telecast on the Lok Sabha TV channel.

1.4.2 Unique Facility

Data Centre

CSIR-NISCAIR launched the Data Information Resource Facility (DIRF) to host, manage and secure digital resources and services of NISCAIR and CSIR laboratories. Equipped with high-end equipment, the Data Centre will provide uninterrupted, authorized and secure access (remote & local) of CSIR’s digital resources, assets and services to the scientific community.

Video Recording Studio

CSIR-NISCAIR has recently forayed into communicating science through multimedia also, which is aimed at generating multimedia content on scientific topics. Towards this end, a Video Recording Studio has been set up which is equipped with high-end video cameras, editing and recording facility. As a beginning, three films have already been made on CSIR-NPL, CSIR-IHBT and CSIR-NISCAIR and proposals from about 10 CSIR labs have been received. Programmes on the Indian Science Congress and the Children’s Science Congress have also been developed.

1.5 PHYSICAL SCIENCES CLUSTER

1.5.1 Scientific Excellence

CSIR-NGRI Research Attracts Global Media

New research by CSIR-NGRI suggests that a vast area in southeast India measuring more than 200,000 sq km is conducive for diamond stability and needs to be explored for kimbelite and lamproite rocks. The method proposed hinges on a suitable and cost-effective reconnaissance technique for diamond prospecting that uses passive seismological data generated at carefully chosen seismic stations and can be deployed as a quick-search tool over large areas. This research was published in the August 2013 issue of ‘Lithosphere’, a peer-reviewed journal of the Geological Society of America. This paper also featured in the "Most-Read Articles" during August 2013 and attracted global media coverage.

Excerpts from a media report by Laura Poppick. Staff Writer LiveScience.com (August 13, 2013)

"Still, this new study demonstrates how to use effective and relatively cheap techniques that could help smooth the way for future diamond exploration programs around the world, according to Alan Jones, a media coverage at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies in Ireland who was not involved in the Study"; and

"This has really cleared up this Indian lithosphere issue, " Jones told Live Science. "In terms of global impact, I would say the paper is on part of the cutting edge along with other people's work."

3-D electrical structure of Southern Granulite Terrain, India

Granulites, high grade metamorphic rocks, represent samples of the deep continental crust, and hence are of great importance in understanding crustal evolution through space and time. Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT),

98 covering southern part of Indian Peninsula represents a deeply eroded continental crustal section separated from the northern greenschist to amphibolites-grade Archaean Dharwar Craton by several major shear zone systems. Although SGT is one of the well-studied granulite terrains in the world, its geometrical relation to the surrounding cratons is still elusive. In a novel approach, CSIR-NGRI has carried out Magneto Telluric (MT) studies along several traverses and resistivity models were obtained through three-dimensional inversion approach. This new study provides fresh images of the deep crustal structure of the SGT and the adjoining Dharwar Craton. This research article was chosen for Image Carousel on the splash page of Journal of Geophysical Research.

Fig: 1.90 N-S geoelectric section (green line on the left figure is the profile) plotted from the derived 3d model of the SGT region (Patro et al., 2014). Bold white lines below SB, PCSZ and MB indicate the seismic Moo derived from seismic refraction studies. Bouguer gravity anomaly and elevation are plotted on the top of the geoelectric section

Chronic kidney disease in two coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh, India: role of drinking water

A number of people from some coastal regions of Srikakulam district and Chimakurthy mandal (~30 to 40 km away from the coast) in the Prakasham district of Andhra Pradesh, India are suffering from Chronic kidney disease (CKD). Some medical experts and the local population have apprehensions that the drinking water is the sole reason for this disease in these areas. As the source of drinking water for these two regions is only groundwater, CSIR-NGRI has measured major ions and trace elements on waters from different sources to identify the causative elements(s), if any. Comparison of hydrochemical data of both the areas indicates that groundwater in Srikakulam coastal region is less mineralized than that of the Prakasham region, which may be due to geological, hydrological and climatic reasons. The concentrations of various inorganic chemicals such as Cl, F and NO3 are within the permissible limits and are thus not expected to lead to any deleterious effects on human health, including any effect on the kidneys. Though the concentration of most of the chemical constituents is relatively higher in Chimakurthy area, the renal problems are much more severe in the Uddanam area (Srikakulam dist). Thus, it is doubtful whether drinking water quality has any bearing on CKD and it is unlikely that the inorganic chemicals cause ill health, including CKD, in the study areas. However, as there is a continuing suspicion that the kidney damage in people living in the study areas is due to chemicals in drinking water, it is necessary to investigate for other organic and inorganic chemicals known to be associated with kidney damage.

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Fig: 1.91 Location map of the Uddanam region, Srikakulam dist. Covering 3 mandals from where the groundwater sampling were made (water sample locatios with assigned number is showin the figure) b, groundwater sampling locations from Chmakurthy area, Prakasham dist. Andra Pradesh

Uranium estimation in drinking water samples from parts of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh CSIR-NGRI has measured the uranium concentration in drinking water samples collected from areas of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh using inductively uranium plasma mass spectrometry. The sources of water comprise hand pumps and tube wells. The uranium concentration lies in the range of 1.24-45.42 µgl-1 with mean value of 14.91 µgl-1 in drinking water samples from Punjab and 0.56-10.11 µgl-1 with a mean value of 2.17 µgl-1 in Himachal Pradesh. The measured uranium content in 4 water samples from Punjab has been found to be higher than the limit of 30µgl-1 recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and US Environmental Production Agency. However, the uranium concentration in all the water samples from Himachal Pradesh is well below the recommended limit. The annual effective dose associated with drinking water due to uranium concentration is estimated from its annual intake using dosimetric information based on International Commission on Radiological Protection 72. The resulting value of the annual effective dose from drinking water sources is in the range of 0.33- 37.78 µSv, which is well within the limit of 100 µSv recommended by the WHO. New chapter in Groundwater Hydrology from Heliborne Geophysical Investigations CSIR-NGRI has carried out 13,800 line km of helicopter borne Time domain Electromagnetic (HeliTEM) and Magnetic (HeliMAG) surveys- the globally acclaimed state-of-the-art geophysical technique- on an experimental basis in six hydrogeologically representative pilot areas in the states of Rajasthan, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu to delineate the principal aquifers at 1 :50,000 scale. These studies helped to identify the principal aquifers in diverse hydro geological provinces of India, viz. in Gangetic alluvium, Tertiary-sediments underlying the Thar Desert, Deccan basalts and the Gondwana sediments, weathered and fractured granite gneisses and schists and the Coastal alluvium and Tertiary sediments. The study also helped in identifying the subsurface structures controlling the groundwater conditions, the regional continuity of principal aquifers, the variations in lithological character of aquifers and the quality of water in terms of salinity.

Figure: 1.92 Location of the Pilot study areas Fig: 1.93 Continuous Aquifer disposition in Alluvial in different hydrogeological settings aquifer in Ganga basin in Bihar

100 Subduction Related Tectonic Evolution of the Neoarchean Eastern Dharwar Craton, Southern India: New Geochemical and Isotopic Constraints

CSIR-NGRI has analysed geochemical, common Pb and Nd isotopic data for syn-kinematic granitoids, stratigraphically well constrained felsic and mafic volcanic rocks from three major Neoarchean greenstone belts of the northern part of Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC), namely the Sandur, Kushtagi and Hutti belts. The study has helped understanding the tectonic processes responsible for the petrogenesis and evolution of the EDC and to verify whether the granitoids and felsic "adakitic" rocks display true slab melt signatures similar to the modern adakites. The proposed petro genetic mechanism involves multi stage processes in a supra subduction regime involving slab dehydration, formation of hydrous basaltic melts, and re-melting; interaction with the sub-arc basaltic crust at low pressures where amphibole plagioclase is the dominant residual phase. There is a notable systematic decrease in the extent of older crustal involvement from west to east in the EDC. The radiogenic Pb and evolved Nd isotopic signatures, coupled with older Nd depleted mantle model ages suggest the significant role of recycled Mesoarchean crust for the evolution of these rocks in the northern part of EDC. The systematic decrease in the extent of older crustal involvement from west to east is in concurrence with the systematic younging of Dharwar Craton from west to east and its east ward subduction. The contrasting variations in terms of the involvement of predominant juvenile crustal additions and that of older recycled crust for the felsic magmatic rocks of EDC their trace elemental variations can be explained in a subduction tectonic framework.

Crustal Heterogeneity and Seismotectonics of the National Capital Region, Delhi

National Capital Region (NCR), Delhi has been experiencing earthquakes of magnitude 6 and above since long. CSIR-NGRI has carried out local P- and S--velocity tomography beneath the NCR to understand the relationship between crustal heterogeneity and seismotectonics in the National Capital Region (NCR), Delhi, in a better way. First arrival times of the first P- and S-wave from 275 crustal earthquakes recorded by the Seismic Telemetry Network in and around Delhi of the India Meteorological Department, are inverted to obtain crustal P- S-velocity and V (P) /V (S) variations in the region. Tomographic images of the upper crust reflect well the surface geological and tectonic features. The Delhi fold belt is identified as low V (P), high V (S) and low V (P), high V (S) and low V (P)/V (S). The Sohna hot spring region is appearing as low V (P), low V (S) and high V (P) /V (S) correlating with the possible presence of fluid-filled rocks. The crustal seismicity is distributed in both the high and low-velocity zones, but most distinctly in the low V (P) /V (S) region. Although the present study could delineate the main tectonic features in the NCR, they are a sort of preliminary results with the limited data and further work is required to obtain detailed seismic structures with higher special resolutions through installation of more seismic stations.

Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils around chromite mining areas, Nuggihalli, Karnataka

Toxic heavy metals represent one of the possible environmental hazards from mine lands, which affect many countries having historic mining industries. CSIR-NGRI has investigated the degree of soil pollution occurring near chromite mines, and made a systematic evaluation of soil contamination based on geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor and pollution index. Institute has reported the pollution load of toxic heavy metals (As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, Zn and Zr) in 57 soil samples collected around three different active (Tagdur), abandoned (Jambur) chromite mining sites as well residential zone around Hikkondanahalli of the Nuggihalli Schist Belt, Karnataka, India. Soil samples were analyzed for heavy metals by using Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Results indicated that elevated concentrations of Cr, Ni and Co in soils of the study area exceed the Soil Quality Guideline limits (SQGL). The high enrichment factor for Cr, Ni and Co obtained in the soil samples show that there is a steady increase of toxic heavy metals risk in this area, which could be correlated with the past mining activity and post abandoned mining in the area. The data was also treated to study the geo accumulation

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index, pollution index and spatial distribution of toxic elements. Risk assessment based upon soil quality guidelines limits proves that the soil is a serious health risk to humans. Emphasis needs to be put on control measures of pollution and remediation techniques in the study area.

Heavy metal contamination in sediments of Balanagar industrial area, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh CSIR-NGRI has carried out environmental geochemical studies to find out the extent of contamination in sediments due to heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, As) in Balanagar industrial area, Hyderabad. The industrial area consists of 350 small and large industries manufacturing battery, steel plating, pharmaceutical chemicals, metal plating, etc. There is no treatment plant in the industrial area, and many industries release the effluents into nearby nalas and lakes. Solid waste from industries is also being dumped along the roads and near the open grounds due to which heavy metals migrate from solid waste to the groundwater. The sediments samples were analyzed for their heavy metals by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The concentration ranges of different heavy metals were Cr, 96.2-439.6 mg/kg; Cu, 95.7-810 mg/kg; Ni, 32.3-13,068.2 mg/kg; Pb, 59.2-512 mg/kg; Zn, 157.1-4,630.5 mg/kg; CO,1.8-48.3 mg/kg; and V, 35.2-308.5 mg/kg. High concentration of heavy metals in sediments can be attributed to some pharmaceutical and metal industries in the study area. Based on the results obtained, suitable remedial measures should be adopted such as phyto remediation and bio-remediation for reduction of heavy metals in sediments. Lithospheric structure of southern Indian shield and adjoining oceans: integrated modelling of topography, gravity, geoid and heat flow data The capacity to map the density anomalies at lithospheric scales across large regions both on- and offshore provides scopes for establishing the present-day structure of the lithosphere and its links with the observed surface topography. Gravity anomalies may help to determine the state of the lithosphere under the assumption of isostatic equilibrium, which can be interpreted as a result of past processes due to which the lithosphere acquired its actual architecture. CSIR-NGRI has explored the links between subcrustal mass distribution and surface expression in the topography and geomorphology of the southern Indian shield, south of 16oN, and its extension into the adjoining oceans. Previous work on the isostatic state of southern Indian shield has speculated that the region is over compensated, that is , the mean elevation of the region is less than that predicted by Airy's model. Solution to this enigma has been put forward by postulating the decrease in the crust-mantle density contrast exerting reduced buoyancy and counteracting the orogen's isostatic response to denudation. However, a single cause such as the reduced buoyancy may not be valid for the entire southern Indian shield. Rather, the mechanism of isostatic compensation must involve lateral variations in density in both the crust and upper mantle. Lithospheric structure of the southern Indian shield is thus essential for understanding the organic processes that mediated crustal evolution and sustained their topography through buonyancy forces. To image the lithosphere beneath the southern Indian shield, CSIR-NGRI has used an integrated density model based on the combined interpretation of gravity and geoid anomalies and topography and geothermal data. 2-D lithospheric models along three profiles (one N-S and two E-W trending) crossing the southern Indian shield and adjoining Indian Ocean has been presented. It has been found that the deepest regions of the 800oC isotherm underneath the Dharwar Craton and the Southern Granulite Terrance are at about 90 and 60 km depth, respectively. This corresponds to an effective elastic thickness (Te) of 35 and 13 km in the Dharwar Craton and the Southern Granulite Terrane, respectively. Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Prospects Using Surface Geochemical Data With Constraints From Geological and Geophysical Observations: Saurashtra basin, India The Saurashtra Basin in western India is considered to have significant hydrocarbon potential. However conventional exploration methods, particularly for Mesozoic prospects, have been hampered by the thick basalt cover. CSIR-NGRI used near-surface geochemical methods to investigate the generation of thermogenic gaseous

102 hydrocarbons in the basin. Shallow soil samples were collected from favourable locations identified by integrated geophysical and geochemical studies. The compositional and isotopic signatures of adsorbed gaseous hydrocarbons (methane through pentane) together with soil iodine concentrations were used as surface indicators of petroleum micro-seepages. High concentrations of adsorbed the rmogenic methane (C1= 518 ppb) and ethane plus higher hydrocarbons (∑ C2+=977 ppb) along with iodine concentrations up to 68.5 ppm were observed. Total organic and inorganic carbon (TOC and TIC) measurements, fluorescence and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that the near-surface hydrocarbon occurrences were seepage related. Elevated hydrocarbon and iodine concentrations were coincident with dykes and lineaments in the study area, which probably served as conduits for the micro-seepage of hydrocarbons.

Occurrence of ‘pecular’ Sand dunes in Prakasam district of Andhra Preadesh

CSIR-NGRI has reported inland sand dunes from Andhra Pradesh spread over an area of ~500 km2, ~75 km inland from the east coast. The dune sands are examined to understand their provenance, transportation, timing of sand aggradation and their relationship to past climates. The dune distribution, grain morphology and the grain-size studies on sands suggest an aeolian origin. Physiography of the study area, heavy mineral assemblage, and abundance of quartz in the parent rocks indicate that the dune sands are largely derived from first-order streams emanating from hills in the region and from weathering of the Nellore schist belt. It appears that the geomorphology and wind direction pattern both facilitated and restricted the dune aggradation and preservation to a limited area. OSL dating of 47 dune samples ranged from the present to ~50 KA, thereby suggesting a long duration of sand-dune aggradation and/or reworking history.

Linking a prolonged Neo-Tethyan magmatic arc in South Africa: Zirocon U-Pb and Hf isotopic constraints from the Lohit Bathaht, North East India

CSIR-NGRI has reported the first set of precise zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotoperations from the Lohit Batholith, NE India. These new data make up the 'missing link' that, together with available information from the Lhasaterrane, western Yunnan and Burma, enable to uncover the distribution of the Neo- Tethyan arc system in South Asia. The Neo-Tethyan subduction that operated before the India-Asia collision resulted in an Andean-type convergent marginin South Asia and was associated with extensive arc magmatism that formed the Transhimalyayan batholiths. Magmatismin the Gangdese Batholith, the largest batholith exposed in the Lhasa terrane of southern Tibet, is considered to have lasted from the early Jurassic to Eocene. However, eastward correlation of the Gangdese Batholith is uncertain because it is truncated by the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Institute has reported new data from the Lohit Batholith, NE India, including: zircon U-Pb ages of five granitoids from ca. 148 to 96 Ma; and zircon Hf isotopes of these rocks that yield high and positive eHf (T) values. Based on the data analysis it has been argued that the Lohit Batholith is the east-ward extension of the Gangdese Batholith, and can be correlated southward to the Wuntho-Popa arc in West Burma, thus linking a prolonged Neo-Tethyan magmatic arc system from southern Tibet to Southeast Asia.

Structural stability of methane hydrates in porous medium Raman spectroscopic study

CSIR-NGRI, using Raman Spectroscopy, has investigated thermal and temporal stability of the methane hydrates (MH) at ambient pressure, synthesised in a spherical silica (solid and hollow, with average diameter of 70 µm) matrix. Identical Raman spectroscopic spectral features for all the synthesized hydrate samples indicate structural resemblance irrespective of matrix. It is observed that the growth of hydrates in hollow silica matrix is homogeneous, while that with solid grain is highly heterogeneous. Temporal and thermal stability of MH depends on the silica matrix. Appearance of the Raman signatures characteristic of MH, in hollow silica, indicates that the hydrates are stable over several hours (upon preserving at 153 K and 0.1 MPa) and until similar to 273 K at 0.1

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MPa. However, MH in solid silica matrix is highly unstable under similar P, T conditions and they are readily dissociated within 2 hours. The thermal stability of these samples at 0.1 MPa is also significantly lower.

Hafnium-neodymium isotope systematics of the 2.7 Ga Gadwal greenstone terrane, Eastern Dharwar craton, India: Implications for the evolution of the Archean depleted mantle

The Neoarchean Gadwal greenstone belt in the eastern Dharwar craton, India, hosts a well preserved metavolcanic sequence that is dominated by tholeiitic and calc-alkaline basalt-andesite-dacite-rhyolite series, which includes boninitic geochemical varieties. Bulk-rock Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope systematics of these apparently arc-related volcanic rocks yield indistinguishable ages of 2.701 ±- 0.024 Ga and 2.702 ±- 0.026 Ga, respectively. On the basis of the close spatial association and identical ages of the different rock types CSIR- NGRI has suggested 2.70 ± 0.03 Ga as the age of crystallization of the different rock types within the Gadwalmetavolcanic sequence. In contrast, bulk-rock Pb-Pb isotope systematics of the same samples yield a significantly younger and less precise age of 2.466 Ga (+ 0.068/-0.110 Ga). This younger age is tentatively interpreted to represent a metallogenic and crustal reworking event in the Dharwar craton, which disturbed the U- Pb system but not the Lu-Hf or Sm-Nd systems. The adwalmetavolcanic rocks have positive initial epsilon Hf- (2.70Ga) = + 1.6 to + 8.7 and slightly negative to positive epsilon Nd-(2.70Ga) = 0.1 to + 3.0 values, consistent with an origin from a long term depleted source relative to a chondritic reservoir at similar to 2.7 Ga. Lack of correlation between initial isotopic compositions and major or trace element indices of fractionation and alteration suggest that the observed isotope variability probably effects compositional variation in the Gadwal source, similar to that observed in modern day island arcs. Two boninitic samples of the Gadwal sequence have eHf similar to 8.3 and 8.7, and are more radiogenic than average depleted mantle for the time period 3.2 to 2.5 Ga (epsilon(Hf) = 4 to 6). Early (perhaps Hadean) differentiation events that led to a depleted and heterogeneous mantle are apparent in the Nd and Hf isotope systematics of 3.7-3.8 Ga Isuasupracrustal rocks. The radiogenic Hf isotopes of the Gadwal boninites and the Hf, Nd isotope systematics of rocks from other locations in the 3.4 to 2.5 Ga time period are consistent with the survival of fragments of an early depleted mantle later in the Archean. From similar to 2.0 Ga to present, the time-integrated Lu- 176IHf-177 and Sm-147/Nd-144 of the depleted mantle appears nearly constant and similar to the present day average MORB source. These data indicate that progressive elimination of early (> 4.5 Ga) formed heterogeneities in the depleted mantle dominated the history of the Archean mantle, and that portions of early depleted reservoirs survived through the Mesoarchean. These results have implications for the mixing scales for the early terrestrial mantle and the timing of the initiation of present day plate tectonics.

Rupture complexities of the April 11, 2012 Indian ocean earthquake

The April 11, 2012 earthquake (M 8.6) and its aftershock (M 8.2) which occurred two hours later, are the largest intraplate strike slip earthquake in the known history. Occurred on the diffused plate boundary between the Indian and Australian plates and away from Andaman-Sumatra subduction zone in the Indian ocean, these earthquakes demonstrates how the intraplate deformation occurs. They demonstrate how the two plates are getting detached over a long term, a geological process that over millions of years. The seismological data modeling of GPS recorded by CSIR-NGRI suggested that the incredibly complex ruptures of the two earthquakes occurred over several conjugate planes, with slip reaching up to 30 m and the depth of rupture extending up to 50 km into the upper mantle.

Coseismic offsets from GPS measurements from the Andaman Nicobar and Sumatra region constrained the radiation pattern of the earthquake and were found to be consistent with the rupture models derived from the seismological models. In that sense, the data recorded by our GPS network in the Andaman Nicobar region is constituent of a unique data set that exists for such a large earthquakes revealing the complexities of the rupture.

104 Fig 1.94 (Left panel) The April 11, 2012 earthquakes and coseismic offsets derived from GPS measurements at various IGS sites and at permanent GPS sites in the Andaman Nicobar region. Bold gray arrows represent the compressional regime of the diffused plate boundary region (shaded with light gray colour) between India and Australia plates. Yellow dashed lines denote the rupture planes of the April 11, 2012 earthquakes. Arrows with different colours show the simulated coseismic offsets due to the slip models using the layered spherical earth. Blue stars are other significant earthquakes of the subduction zone. North-south gray lines indicate the fracture planes in the Wharton and Central Indian basin. Right panel shows a zoomed version of the Andaman and Sumatra region and also shows coseismic offsets from GPS measurements from Sumatra region as well.

Geological/ Seismotectonic/ Geotechnical studies for siting Nuclear Power plants

A major concern while setting up a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is the presence of active/capable faults in the vicinity of the site. It is important to evaluate the seismic hazard at different scales to ensure the safe continuity of plant operations. CSIR-NGRI has investigated on three scales, viz., regional (300 km), intermediate (50 km) and local site (5 km) radii from the Gorakhpur NPP site.

The essential work elements involved identification of faults, lineaments, study of lithology, seismicity and seismotectonics, field checks and field studies using 2-D seismic for subsurface structure, shear wave velocity estimation using Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW), site response using micro-tremor (H/V spectra) and ground motion estimation in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA) & response spectra. A study was also done based on the satellite imagery, Seismotectonic Atlas of India and its Environs (SEISAT) published by Geological Survey of India (2000), field checking, earthquake data from several earthquake catalogues including those from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) & other sources and published articles in scientific journals

Deglaciation in the tropical Indian Ocean

CSIR-NIO has indicated that deglaciation in the tropical Indian Ocean is driven by interplay between the regional monsoon and global teleconnections. High resolution climate records of the ice age terminations from monsoon- dominated regions reveal the interplay of regional and global driving forces. Deglacial weak monsoon intervals WMIs are interpreted as the result of cold temperature anomalies generated by sea ice feedbacks in the North Atlantic, most prominently during the Heinrich Events. However, recent modeling results indicate that WMIs reflect changes in the intensity of the Indian rather than the East Asian monsoon. Mg/Ca, Ba/Ca and stable isotope records from a sediment core off the Malabar coast in the southeastern Arabian Sea with centennial-scale resolution were used to test this hypothesis and to constrain the nature and timing of deglacial climate change in the tropical Indian Ocean. The results suggest that Sea Surface Temperature (SST) at the Last Glacial Maximum was lower by 2.7±0.5 °C than the pre-industrial SST. Deglacial warming started at 18.6 (95% CI range 18.8-18.1) kyr BP, within error of the onset of warming at other tropical sites as well as in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean and

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either coeval with or up to 1 kyr before the atmospheric CO2 rise. Warming took place in two steps separated by an 18 interval of stable SST between 15.7 (16.2-14.9) and 13.2 (13.9-12.0) kyr BP. The delta Osw record and the Ba/Ca record indicate that the last ice age termination was marked by a prominent weak Indian Monsoon interval interrupted by an intense monsoon phase, as seen in speleothem records and predicted by modeling. A strong 18 correspondence between the timing of the Malabar delta Osw record and the Hulu Cave monsoon record suggests that deglacial delta 18O changes in both localities dominantly reflect compositional changes in precipitation, likely driven by changes in the North Atlantic.

Monsoon variability over the past 16,700 years

CSIR-NIO has observed that variations in the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) intensity during the last 16.7 ka have 15 been studied using organic carbon (Corg), delta N of sedimentary organic matter, CaCO3, sediment texture, 18 18 delta 0C, and Mg/Ca-derived sea surface temperature, delta 0 of sea water and sea surface salinity, in a 14C- dated sediment core from the eastern Arabian Sea. The results reveal that between 16 and 15.2 ka BP, the ISM was weak with minor fluctuations and started intensifying around 15.2 ka BP, at the onset of the Bolling-Allerod (B-A) event. The B-A event is characterized by higher water column denitrification rates comparable to the present day. 18 The ISM signatures observed in the delta OC record of B-A event compare well with those from Timta cave of the western Himalayas and also the Asian summer monsoon signatures from the Hulu caves in China and warming signatures in Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) suggesting atmospheric teleconnections through Intertropical Convergence Zone. The boundary between the Younger Dryas and the Holocene is discernible with small episodes 18 of abrupt events of increased ISM intensity. This decrease in delta OC values at~11.8 ka BP is contemporary with June solar insolation maximum at 30° north and the increase in methane in the GISP2 ice core supporting episodes of warmer climate and increase in ISM intensity. The ISM seems to have been most stable between 7 and 5.6 ka BP. The core exhibits periodicity of 500 years that is comparable to the Atlantic water formation and the Chinese monsoon.

Bottom simulating reflector in fracture-filled gas hydrates

The amplitude variation with angle (AVA) pattern of bottom-simulating reflectors (BSRs) beneath fracture-filled gas hydrate deposits when the effective medium is anisotropic has been studied for the first time by CSIR-NIO. AVA analysis of the BSR shows normal-incidence reflection coefficients of -0.04 to -0.11 with positive gradients of 0.04 to 0.31 indicating class IV pattern. The acoustic properties from isotropic rock physics model predict class III AVA pattern which cannot explain the observed class IV AVA pattern in Krishna-Godavari basin due to the anisotropic nature of fracture-filled gas hydrate deposits. The observed class IV AVA of the BSR was modelled by assuming that the gas hydrate bearing sediment could be represented by horizontally transversely isotropic (HTI) medium after accounting for anisotropic wave propagation effects on BSR amplitudes. Anisotropic AVA analysis of the BSR from the inline seismic profile shows 5-30 percent gas hydrate concentration (equivalent to fracture density) and the azimuth of fracture system (fracture orientation) with respect to the seismic profile is close to 45 degrees. Free gas below the base of gas hydrate stability zone is interpreted in the vicinity of fault system.

Sea level variability in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean

CSIR-NIO has analysed Decadal and long-term steric sea level variations over 1966-2007 period in the Indo- Pacific sector using an ocean general circulation model forced by reanalysis winds. The simulated steric sea level compares favourably with sea level from satellite altimetry and tide gauges at interannual and decadal timescales. The amplitude of decadal sea level variability (up to approx. 5 cm standard deviation) is typically nearly half of the interannual variations (up to approx. 10 cm) and two to three times larger than long-term sea level variations (up to 2 cm).

106 CO2 fluxes in the Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean (44° S–30° N) plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, yet it remains one of the most poorly sampled ocean regions. Several approaches have been used to estimate net sea–air CO2 fluxes in this region: interpolated observations, ocean biogeochemical models, atmospheric and ocean inversions. CSIR-NIO has combined these different approaches to quantify and assess the magnitude and variability in Indian Ocean sea–air CO2 fluxes between 1990 and 2009. All models capture the observed pattern of fluxes in the Indian Ocean with the following exceptions: underestimation of upwelling fluxes in the northwestern region (off Oman and

Somalia), overestimation in the northeastern region (Bay of Bengal) and underestimation of the CO2 sink in the subtropical convergence zone. These differences were mainly driven by lack of atmospheric CO2 data in atmospheric inversions, and poor simulation of monsoonal currents and freshwater discharge in ocean biogeochemical models. Overall, the models and inversions do capture the phase of the observed seasonality for the entire Indian Ocean but overestimate the magnitude. The predicted sea–air CO2 fluxes by ocean biogeochemical models (OBGMs) respond to seasonal variability with strong phase lags with reference to climatological CO2 flux, whereas the atmospheric inversions predicted an order of magnitude higher seasonal flux than OBGMs. The simulated interannual variability by the OBGMs is weaker than that found by atmospheric inversions. Prediction of such weak interannual variability in CO2 fluxes by atmospheric inversions was mainly caused by a lack of atmospheric data in the Indian Ocean. The OBGM models suggest a small strengthening of the sink over the period 1990–2009 of -0.01 PgC decade-1. This is inconsistent with the observations in the southwestern Indian Ocean that shows the growth rate of oceanic pCO2 was faster than the observed atmospheric

CO2 growth, a finding attributed to the trend of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) during the 1990s.

Effect of copper on iron stress in diatoms

CSIR-NIO has investigated the responses of the coastal diatom Chaetoceros gracilis to variable Copper concentrations using a local isolate from the SW coastal Bay of Bengal. The results suggested that Cu acted as a growth-promoting factor up to concentrations of 125 nM (growth-promoting range), and became inhibitory thereafter (growth-inhibiting range). The cells in the control treatments had high ratios of photoprotective to light harvesting pigments (PP:LH) and high BSi:Chl-a, both indicative of Iron (Fe) stress. Within the growth-promoting range, an increase in Cu supply significantly increased Chl-a concentrations, and decreased the ratios of PP:LH and BSi:Chl-a. Interestingly, iron (Fe) supplemented cells of C. gracilis revealed similar responses. In the presence of Fe, the growth response of C. gracilis to variable Cu concentrations was not significant. It is inferred that, under Fe sufficient conditions, the need for Cu is minimized. It has been suggested that Cu plays a significant role in the physiology of coastal diatoms beyond the simple toxicological effects.

Textile dye de-colorization

The Textile Industry uses over 0.8 million tonnes of colors for various purposes, the main being in textile industry. The massive quantum of effluents dumped into streams not only deteriorate the water for further uses but also arrests the basic process of photosynthesis by microalgae, the fundamental producers of food for other biotic forms. CSIR-NIO has used marine bacterial strains to bioremediate the colored effluents. Notably, decolorization of as many as six of the eight different textile dyes at @2000mg l-1 [twice that of the regularly used concentrations in the dyeing process] was achieved using marine bacterial isolates. Only 8 of 500 marine bacterial strains screened can decolorize the water effluent. These first time collections of unique marine bacteria highlight the importance of marine microflora in bioremediation of textile/colored effluent pollution. Reuse of decolorized water by a marine bacterium that withstood 500mg L-1 of widely used Victoria Blue (VB-B) was also demonstrated at lab scale.

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Establishment of observation systems for measurement and real time reporting of coastal sea level, surface meteorological and related parameters

CSIR-NIO has collected Sea-level data from several remote and coastal locations using absolute pressure gauges deployed at known level- chart datum and used data collected from microwave radar and an absolute pressure gauge deployed at Verem, Goa (January 2009 to May 2010), Tuticorin, and Mandapam, Tamil Nadu (June 2010 to March 2011) to carry out comparative studies. The root-mean-square difference between the estimated sealevel from radar and pressure gauge (incorporating atmospheric pressure correction) is ∼2.69, 2.73, and 1.46 cm at Verem, Tuticorin, and Mandapam, respectively. Harmonic analysis of the two time-series of sea-level data at Verem produces similar residuals and tidal constituents the results indicate the importance of concurrent measurement of atmospheric pressure along with subsurface absolute pressure gauge measurements.

Waste assimilative capacity of coastal waters along Mumbai mega city, West Coast of India

Coastal waters are the ultimate receivers of the organic waste materials generated by upstream cities and towns. This waste can cause dissolved oxygen depletion due to increased oxygen demand, affecting the natural ability of water bodies to withstand certain amount of pollution – the waste assimilative capacity. CSIR-NIO has calculated the pollution load (biochemical oxygen demand) using the population equivalent value of 0.225 m3/day for the present Mumbai population of 13 million is 731250 kg/day. Simulations using MIKE-21 and WASP models along with the observed water quality data as well as current meter data indicated that the coastal waters can withstand the present pollution load since the simulated biochemical oxygen demand was within the range of 0.2–1.5 mg/L, the National Standard limits. A projected population increase exceeded the target biochemical oxygen demand value of 2 mg/L, indicating the deterioration of ambient quality of coastal waters.

Waste assimilative capacity studies are crucial in the present day regional, as well as global issues, such as population explosion, water shortage, and climate change.

Anode Material for lithium ion batteries

With increasing global energy demands and ill effects of using hydrocarbon fuels, electrochemical cells/ batteries acts as a convenient form of energy storage that provide portability for chemical energy storage and its conversion to electrical energy by electrochemical oxidation and reduction reactions which occur at the electrodes. Li-ion batteries (LIB) are preferred over other systems because of long cycle life, broad temperature range of operation, low self discharge rate high performance in terms of capacity and energy density. Anode is the most critical in the proper functioning of the cells & acts as a host for the Li ions. CSIR-NPL has synthesized MWCNT based paper (20 cm X 20 cm ) and used sucessfully as anode material for Li-ion Batteries. Using these anode materials, cells have been prepared and lighting of solar lantern and LED in solar hut has been demonstrated.

Fig: 1.95 Various Stages of prepration MWCNT paper

108 CSIR-NPL has also synthesized pitch based anode material Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) by heat treatment of mixture of coal tar pitch and petroleum pitch. The massive solid obtained after heat treatment contains anisotropic mesophase spherules (MCMB) embedded in isotropic pitches, which was confirmed from optical texture. These spherules were then extracted or separated from massive solid by extraction method using tar oil and quinoline after being washed, dried and ground to obtain MCMB powder. Further, extracted MCMB were heated at 1400oC in nitrogen atmosphere to get graphitized MCMB (G-MCMB) and then spacing between graphite layers i.e. d- spacing was increased by chemical method in order to obtain expanded MCMB (Ex-MCMB).

Fig: 1.96 SEM Images of MCMB Nanostructuring of hierarchical 3D cystine flowers for high performance electrochemical immunosensor CSIR-NPL has synthesized novel organic flowers of cystine (CysFls) with high uniformity. These 3D flower-like structures have a purely hierarchical arrangement, wherein each petal is composed of several cystine molecules with an average size of 50 mM, as determined by transmission electron microscopy. The CysFls were self- assembled onto a gold electrode and were utilized as matrices for the covalent immobilization of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli) specific probe oligonucleotide that was identified from the 16s rRNA coding region of the E. Coli genome. This fabricated CysFl platform sought to provide improved fundamental characteristics to electrode interface in terms of electro-active surface area and diffusion coefficient. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that this genosensor exhibits a linear response to complementary DNA in the concentration range of 10-6 to 10-15 M with a detection limit of 10-15 M. Under optimal conditions, this genosensor was found to retain about 88% of its initial activity after being used for 6 times.

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H2O H + OH HO + OH H O 100 2 2 HO RSH 2 RS-SR 90 R= HOOCCH(NH2)CH2 80 70 Uz- 60 50 40 30 (ii) 20 (i) 10 (iii) 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 Fig: 1.97 Schematic showing the synthesis and fabrication of CysFl and the pDNA/CysFl/Au bioelectrode

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Fig: 1.98 TEM images (A, B and C) and S E Mimages (D, E and F) showing the formation of 3D flower like CMs. (A and D) hexagonal structures obtained after keeping the solution for 2h (B and E) rearrangement of hexagonal cystine structure in to semi-flower like structure at 6h, (C and F) formation of 3D flower like structures after keeping the solution for 8h.

1.5.3 Technology Developed Contributions to Strategic area CSIR-CEERI has developed five different versions of Low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) micro-hotplates. These micro-hotplates have achieved a temperature of 300 oC with power consumption less than 1 watt and size 3.5x3.5 mm2. These micro-hotplates have high temperature stability, mechanibilty strong interconnects and are reliable and ruggedized for harsh adverse environment. These are being used by Solid State Physics Laboratory (DRDO lab), Delhi, CSIR-CGCRI, and CSIR-CSIO for various sensor applications. Armament Research Board of Ministry of Defence, Government of India has issued an appreciation letter to CSIR-CEERI recently recognizing the contributions.

Fig: 1.99 4 x 4 LTCC micro hotplate array

110 Enhanced Green Florescent Protein Arsenometer CSIR-CEERI, jointly with Birla Institute of Technology and Science, has developed a portable, easy-to-use, cheap, and non-toxic field test system to monitor the levels of arsenic in drinking water wells. This battery-operated and low cost per test novel bio-electronic system based on fluorometric method display numerically the concentration of arsenic in water. Such numerical display of arsenic concentration has been done for the first time. In this method, Enhanced Green Florescent Protein (EGFP), known as bio-sensor, emits green florescence of 520 nm wavelength when excited by blue light of 480nm wavelength. The intensity of the green light increases with the increase in the content of arsenic present in water. The system comprises of light-tight fluorescence collecting device made of black Fig:1.100 EGFP Arsenometer nylon material, LED source, optical filter, light-to-voltage converter, arsenic collection cuvette, electronic circuitry on a small PCB, 9 volt battery and LCD. The dimension of the device as shown in figure 1.79 is 514 cm3 (height= 5.5 cm, width=8.5 cm and length is 11 cm). Penning plasma discharge (PPD) based VUV- spectrometer-detector-system calibration source CSIR-CEERI has developed a laboratory based large volume penning plasma discharge (LVPPD) source in three anode configurations. The developed source has simultaneous diagnostics facility using Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The three anode configurations, namely single ring, double ring and rectangular configurations have been studied and compared for optimum use of the geometry for efficient light emissions and recording. The double ring penning plasma discharge configuration has been optimized as an efficient emission source, which is able to produce strong visible (400 nm-750 nm) and VUV (20 nm-150 nm) lights simultaneously. The approach with double anode ring is an unique arrangement and is a conciliation between optical confinement and anode transparency for effective spectroscopic and Langmuir probe measurements inside the large volume penning plasma source. The plasma is produced using helium gas and admixture of three noble gases including helium, neon and argon. The optimized source is capable to produce identified eight spectral lines for pure helium in the VUV range from 20 nm to 60 nm and total 24 spectral lines covering the wavelength range from 20-106 nm for the admixture of gases. It has been demonstrated that using this source a VUV-spectrometer-detector system can be calibrated from 23 nm to 106 nm. The developed source has been delivered to Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhiangar, a Department of Atomic Energy Agency Research Unit, under national fusion programme. The developed and delivered source is shown in figure below.

Fig. 1.101 Developed Large Volume Penning Fig. 1.102 Large Volume Penning plasma plasma discharge (LVPPD) source for discharge (LVPPD) source delivered to VUV-spectrometer-detector-system Institute for Plasma Research, calibration at CSIR-CEERI Bhat, Gandhinagar

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1.6 CSIR 800

Krishi Shakti – a small range (11.2 hp) diesel engine tractor launched

As a new leaf in the CSIR efforts to empower the Indian farmers, Krishi Shakti – a small range (11.2 hp) diesel engine tractor designed and developed by CSIR-CMERI was launched on 20th November, 2014 by Hon’ble Minister, Science and Technology and Earth Sciences and VP, CSIR, Dr. Harsh Vardhan. He handed over five tractors to the farmers. The Krishi Shakti would benefit Indian farmers possessing small land holdings. Dr. Harsh Vardhan, while launching the Krishi Shakti said that “the development has bridged a long felt technology gap. There is an urgent need to develop state-of-the-art technology of agriculture implements. The implements need to be suiting Indian agro climates and should be energy efficient. These agriculture implements should remove farmer’s drudgery”. Dr. Harsh Vardhan appreciated CSIR efforts contributing for ‘Make in India’ mission of Hon’ble Prime Minister. The Krishi Shakti has received CMVR Certification as an Agricultural Wheeled Tractor after rigorous trials and testing. The Technology of Krishi Shakti was transferred to M/s Singha Components Pvt. Ltd.,

Fig: 1.103 10 HP Krishi Shakti Tractor Howrah, West Bengal, who have started manufacturing. In India, about 85 percent households cultivate about 36 per cent of entire cultivable land. The average land holding of the small Indian farmer normally does not exceed even 1 hectare. It is therefore quite difficult for the average Indian farmer to afford mechanized farming utilizing standard tractors of 35 hp and above ratings, which in 2 turn tells upon the productivity and per unit yield. As a result, there has been tremendous demand for developing small, compact and easily maneuverable tractors of rating in the range of 10-12 hp, which are deemed fittest for small and fragmented land holdings. CSIR’s Krishi Shakti, a small tractor, is an apt CSIR response to this necessity enabling farm mechanization in an affordable manner. Furthermore, this small tractor and its matching implements are based on available diesel engine and available tractor parts in the market. Krishi Shakti is the latest in the legacy of CSIR interventions in enabling mechanized agriculture.

Training on Medicinal & Aromatic Plants

To introduce medicinal and aromatic crops in new areas three training- cum-awareness programmes were organized by CSIR-CIMAP. 150 persons were trained on the cultivation and processing aspects of medicinal and aromatic plants. About 50 demonstrations of menthol mint were organized on tribal farmer’s fields in different parts of India. Knowhow for cultivation of menthol mint, artemisia, lemongrass, vetiver, kalmegh, satavar, etc. adopted by farmers of the villages was dissenminated. Technology of mentha oil distillation was adopted by many farmers.

112 Fig: 1.104 Demonstration of aromatic crops in newer areas in eastern region of the country in Angul and Sambalpur districts of Odisha

Introduction of mentha, lemongrass, palmarosa, kalmegh and basil in farmers’ fields belonging to SC and Sahariya tribal communities in different villages in Gorakhpur, Jhansi, Lalitpur and Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh. 280 farmers have been trained for commercial cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops under rain-fed conditions of Bundelkhand. Farmers have started commercial cultivation of lemongrass, palmarosa and basil. Tribal communities of Sahariya of district Lalitpurin, U.P have also started cultivation of palmarosa

Fig: 1.105a Distillation in progress Fig:.1.105b CIMAP Scientists interacting with farmers

Development and Deployment of Improved Samba Mahsuri

Bacterial blight (BB) is a serious disease of rice that is caused by the bacterial pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Effective chemicals are not available for controlling yield losses due to BB. During the last few years, several rice varieties and some hybrids have been developed that carry multiple genes for resistance against bacterial blight. One of these bacterial blight resistant rice varieties that has been jointly developed by the CSIR- CCMB and the Directorate of Rice Research using the Marker Assisted Selection methodology is Improved Samba Mahsuri. This is one of the first rice varieties developed through the use of biotechnology and released for commercial cultivation in India. It is not a transgenic plant. This variety has become a boon for rice farmers in bacterial blight endemic areas of the country. In particular, during the last few years in the Nandhyal area of Kurnool district, the variety was found to be resistant during epidemics of bacterial blight and very much appreciated by farmers in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. To reach all the farmers in need, CSIR-CCMB and DRR have started a program to provide 10 kg seeds of Improved Samba Mahsuri, free of cost, to each of many rice farming households.

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Contributions to the Uttarakhand Flood Relief CSIR-IIP, being closest to the Uttarakhand hills, was made the Nodal Laboratory to coordinate with the state-level Disaster Management team on behalf of CSIR Headquarters and its laboratories. Following help & support provided: CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore provided mathi (60 cartons), roti (15 Cartons), tomato sauce (1 carton), murmure (300 bags), energy powder (200 bags), high-protein rusks (63 cartons), Bissi Bele Bhaath (South Indian Khichadi – 189 cartons), imli poha (56 cartons), ORS (153 cartons) and bread (4 cartons). CSIR-NCL, Pune, came forward with Water Filtration Unit (20 boxes) and hand pumps (20 boxes); CSIR-IMMT, Bhubaneshwar provided water filters (500 units); CSIR-CLRI, Chennai had footwear (2000 pairs) to offer and CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur donated NEERI-ZAR, a Water Filter Unit (100 units), while CSMCRI, Bhavnagar came forward with two big RO units at Rishikesh and Srinagar (Garhwal) to ensure supply of pure water, with a capacity of i.e upto 30000 lt/day. CSIR-IIP Dehradun had these to offer: raincoats (1000 nos), tarpaulins (100 nos.), stainless steel utensil sets (200 nos), plastic tags (200 nos), candles (44 pkts of 968 pieces each) and match-boxes (63 pkts of 900 pieces each). Further, the relief operations team at the CSIR-IIP readied 100 bags of essential items for distribution in the hills. Each of these bags contained 15 items, viz., wheat flour, rice, pulses, salt, cooking oil, match boxes, candles, footwear, tents, rain-coats, tumblers, spoons, bowls, plates and mugs. CSIR-IIP also arranged rations worth Rs.1,40,400/-. Villages of the Thatyur Block in the Tehri Distt. covered were: Purodi, Dugadda, Papra, and Sirwa. Free food-related technologies from CSIR-CFTRI A few of the selected technologies developed at CSIR-CFTRI were offered free in terms of technology dossiers that can be downloaded from the Institute website for the manufacture of such products to generate employment, entrepreneurship, effective utilization of raw material. The technologies include: Amla Candy, Composite Ragi Bread, Curing and Polishing –Turmeric, Dosa Batter in Retail Packs, Idli Batter in Retail Packs, Fruit Spread, Ginger Dehydration, Green Chilli Sauce and Protein Enriched Buns. More than 1000 downloads of technical dossier have been recorded so far. Under CSIR-800 initiatives, large number of awareness programs for the benefit of farmers was held at different locations of Karnataka. These include interactive programs arranged at Haradanahalli, Kollegal, Chamarajanagar, Gundulpet, Udupi, Mala, Jadkal, Kolar and Shimoga. Demonstrations were also held at CSIR- CFTRI on technologies such as virgin coconut oil, energy food, turmeric processing and processing of fruits and vegetables. An MoU was signed for the transfer of turmeric processing and maize processing with various farmers clusters. The first high end super resolution gated confocal microscope of the country was procured by CSIR-CFTRI this year. Genome wide screening of yeast deletion mutants for lipid droplets using Confocal Microscopy was undertaken. More than 100 deletion strains of the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae were grown under rich and minimal media until stationary phase, to study the pattern of lipid droplet formation within the cells. Variations were observed between strains and also between media types, pertaining to number and size of lipid droplets. Further, in-house training to research students on operation and sample analysis with various instruments were organized. Dissemination of high purity solar salt technologies and establishment of model salt farms across the country In continuation to CSIR-CSMCRI’s effort in disseminating high purity solar salt technologies to grass root level across the country, marginal salt producers in the Santhalpur and Adesar region of Gujarat have been trained for good quality salt production and recovery of marine chemicals. Novel methodologies of high purity salt production

114 developed at CSIR-CSMCRI also percolated to masses. Model Salt Farm at Marakkanam of Vellupuram District in Tamil Nadu has been established. Scientists during monitoring visits conducted training programs for the small scale salt producers to produce good quality salt with improved yield and demonstrated salt manufacturers of Marakkanam Society the knowhow for good quality salt manufacture in the model salt farm. Water security plan for villages in Rajnandgaon district (Chhattisgarh) CSIR-NEERI, in collaboration with UNICEF and Public Health Engineering Department (PHED), has prepared Water Security Plan for nine villages in Rajnandgaon district, Chhattisgarh. It is based on watershed concept by integrating hydro-geochemical and hydro-chemical approaches along with field studies. The groundwater budgeting in the study area (9 villages), which is the part of Lumti micro- watershed, reveals that about 97% ground water is utilised for irrigation and about 3% for domestic requirement including human and cattle population. The total water availability is estimated to be 26.21 mcm in the selected micro-watershed. The stage of ground water development which is calculated about 300% and it appears as over exploited zone for groundwater. Over exploitation of ground water for rabi irrigation and green vegetable crops and / or commercial crops during summer periods is the main cause of drinking water scarcity in these villages, which in turn create depression to receive artificially recharge water. The balance water (19.37 mcm) which flows through surface runoff has to be arrested by cost effective artificial recharge structures such as rejuvenation of existing percolation tank, channel bed modification for the augmentation of ground water in surrounding hand pumps, dug wells, tube wells and retention of soil moisture for longer period. Water Security Plan also consists of structures identified for conserving storm water runoff and groundwater recharge, to address the problem of water scarcity and poor water management. The engineering design and other details of these sustainability structures have been provided in the detailed report. The proposed village wise action plan in the study area (9 villages) is recommended for interventions along with the cost estimates based on detailed field studies. Demonstration plants for bioextraction of pineapple leaf fibre, banana fibre and coir fibre The potential of coir fibre, banana fibres and pineapple leaf fibres are well known. However, the current methods of extraction of these fibres are inappropriate to produce quality fibres in reasonable scale. An anaerobic extrication was developed in the institute for plant fibres, which facilities to make good quality fibres without pollution and enable process water recycle. The process was taken up to demonstrate in the field for the production of coir fibre, banana fibres and pineapple leaf fibres. NGOs and self-help groups are involved in this programme for developing skills to utilize such resources through this technology and building up livelihood opportunities. The demonstration plant for the bio-separation of pineapple leaf fibre was established in Maneed Pancahayat, Piravom and it was inaugurated on 25th February 2014.

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CENTRAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES

2.1 Governing Body (GB)

During the year, the Governing Body (GB) met thrice i.e. on 29th October, 2013, 16th December, 2013 and on 26th March, 2014. Following paragraphs provide glimpse of proceedings of the meetings.

2.1.1 183rd meeting held on 29th October, 2013

Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari, the then Chairman, GB welcomed the members and special invitees and apprised that CSIR is a globally benchmarked organization and ranked at the 81st position by SCIMAGO Institutions ranking world report 2013 which covered 2740 institutions globally. CSIR research papers have found place on the cover page of several prestigious journals. CSIR has won the national intellectual award 2013 as a top R&D institution in patent. He proudly mentioned some of the significant activities marked since the last GB meeting. Setting up of an eHealth center- a novel platform for data intensive discovery while enabling affordable healthcare with Hewlett Packard at two places; setting up a plant of 600,000 MTPA for production of US grade gasoline and pure benzene simultaneously from a FCC C6 heart cut stream using with aqueous NMP as solvent thereby enhancing technological prowess in Indian petroleum sector; transferred soaker visbreaking technology to HPCL and IOCL; and state of the art campus in Srinagar rededicated to the Nation by the then Hon’ble Union Minster of S&T and ES and Vice President, CSIR Shri S. Jaipal Reddy and Hon’ble Chief Minister, Jammu & Kashmir, Shri Omar Abdullah symbolizes a new era in the valley in terms of R&D activities.

GB recommended/ ratified many items. Significant ones were:

• Acquisition of land for setting up of an Ensemble of CSIR-Innovation Activities at Hyderabad;

• Acquisition of land and setting up of Centre for High Altitude Biology at Ribling, Himachal Pradesh;

• Construction of Discovery Genomics (DG-1) Block at IGIB South Campus, New Delhi;

• Provision for appointment on deputation to the post of Section Officer (Gen/ F&A/ S&P) under Direct Recruitment Quota; and

• Residency period for assessment promotions of laboratory attendants.

2.1.2 184th meeting held on 16th December, 2013

Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari, the then Chairman, GB welcomed the members and explained the strategic repositioning of CSIR and its achievements-in a period of six years: Journey from 2008 to 2013. He said that the strategic transformation and repositioning of CSIR achieved was complex and challenging and the success achieved was due to perfect design based on the theory of noble laureate Eric Maskin. Prof. Brahmachari further mentioned that CSIR has become nation centric, knowledge intensive, innovation driven, globally benchmarked, inclusion focused and values ethos based. Repositioned CSIR is known for its leadership, innovation and processes.

2.1.3 185th meeting held on 26th March, 2014

Dr. T. Ramasami, the then Chairman, Governing Body warmly welcomed the members of the newly constituted Governing Body (GB) of CSIR. He elaborated the role of GB to the new members described it as the `think tank’ of the organization. He highlighted the specific role of CSIR in the overall science & technology landscape of India and reiterated that CSIR works in a very special space. The Chairman emphasized the need for CSIR to create an internal dynamics to keep up with the constantly changing industrial scenario and requested members of GB to be in constant conversation with the council to ensure that it fulfills its mandate envisaged in the Byelaws.

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Followings are some significant decision taken by the GB • Modifications in the entry level qualification in respect of Technical Assistant (Gr. III(1) & Gr. III(2)); • Enhancement of Educational Qualifications for the post of Junior Hindi Translator and revision of eligibility criteria in respect of Junior Hindi Translator and Hindi Officer; and • Constitution of a Committee for restructure and review of the administrative cadres of CSIR. 2.2 CSIR Foundation Day The CSIR celebrated its 71st Foundation Day on 26th September, 2013. The occasion was celebrated by the entire CSIR family of 38 institutes/ laboratories, spread all over the country with great enthusiasm. It was the occasion to celebrate the accomplishment of the year and also accord recognition to excellence in science through the presentation of various awards. The main function of the CSIR Foundation Day was held in the new campus of the CSIR-Institute for Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB). The function was presided over by the then Hon’ble Union Minister of Science & Technology and Earth Sciences Shri S. Jaipal Reddy. Prof. M.M. Sharma, FRS delivered the CSIR Foundation Day Lecture entitled `Chemicals, Fuels and Petroleum Sectors: Opportunities in CSIR Laboratories’. Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari, the then DG, CSIR announced the names of the winners of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prizes 2013. Several prestigious CSIR awards were also given away during the function. 2.2.1 Welcome Address by Director General, CSIR, Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari (Excerpts) Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari, Director General, CSIR said that the 71st CSIR Foundation Day function was being held for the first time in the new campus of CSIR-IGIB. He said he had come to Delhi with a dream to put India on the global genomics map. When he joined a small unknown laboratory – the Centre for Biochemical Technology – he wondered whether at this laboratory genomics could be done. Prof. Brahmachari said that his dream came true when CSIR-CBT transformed into the CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB). “India today is a big player in genomics,” he said, “and this Fig: 2.1 DG-CSIR Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari institute from which I formally stepped down six years back, delivering the Welcome Address has not only continued to do well, but has firmly put its footprint on the global arena and is today the institute of genomics in India.” CSIR has undergone major transformation, he said. “Today it is ‘One CSIR’ and is ready to deliver and is delivering for the people of India.” 2.2.2 Excerpts of Foundation Day Lecture entitled “Chemicals, Fuels and Petroleum Sectors: Opportunities in CSIR Laboratories” by Prof. Man Mohan Sharma Full text in Annexure-VI The CSIR Foundation Day 2013 lecture was delivered by Prof. Man Mohan Sharma on the topic entitled `Chemicals, Fuels and Petroleum Sectors: Opportunities in CSIR Laboratories’. Prof. Sharma acknowledged that he had been an admirer of CSIR for long. He felt that the creation of the Academy was a landmark in the history of CSIR. CSIR has the incredible distinction of fathoming the ocean and tasting the rarefied air, he said. There is no organization in the world that has a portfolio as wide, as deep and as rare.

120 He came up with innovative and challenging opportunities and problems for CSIR laboratories to work on and emerge as world leaders. He began with talking about renewable raw materials i.e. bagasse which is available in a large magnitude and can be converted to hydrate cellulose and bring back renewable-raw material based plastics. Prof. Sharma also pointed out that water was going to be a serious problem in the country. Engineering oriented labs can look at drying the bagasse with superheated steam, and harvest all the water. He said until now no work has been done in India on this challenging problem. Prof. Sharma dwelt upon the various aspects of generation of power. Lot of power is being generated in India burning natural gas, which has the highest amount of hydrogen than any other natural substance. A huge amount of water from the off-gases through novel technologies can be harvested. Prof. Sharma wanted CSIR’s chemical- Fig: 2.2 Prof. M.M. Sharma delivering the CSIR oriented labs to look into recycling this water. He suggested to develop Foundation day lecture 2013 a novel membrane separation technology. He also said that the new breakthroughs in availability of natural gas around the world are going to come through natural gas hydrates. NGRI has done a lot of mapping of natural gas hydrates, often referred to as “fire on ice” or “frozen assets”. He suggested to look for small-scale distributed Dimethyl ether (DME) plants. There is a lot of talk about biodiesel. However, Prof. Sharma said that he was vociferously against biodiesel because there is no hope of being able to make any significant contribution. Ten million tonnes of edible oil, almost 60% of our requirement, is being imported in India. He said that biodegradable lubricants can be created from non-edible oil. He said that the old classical process of refining of lube oils now required a relook. Prof. Sharma pointed out another unusual thing – that India is going to burn a lot of petcoke, which comes from heavy crude oils. Many times these crude oils have sulphur as high as 2%, and petcoke ends up with 6-9% sulphur. But if you do IGCC all the sulphur is recovered and India has a very good appetite for sulphur because sulphuric and phosphoric acid is required for many industries. The petcoke often contains 2000-3000 ppm of vanadium and nickel. India does not have nickel source. This is a technology that nobody has developed today. It is a challenge, he said, to recover vanadium and nickel from the ash that comes from petcoke IGCC as well as petcoke gasification. Petcoke gasification has already been undertaken. IGCC for petcoke will be on a grand scale in Jamnagar at levels of 60-70 million tonnes per annum. So huge amounts of vanadium and nickel can be recovered. There is also a need to look at underground coal gasification far more intensely. Prof. Sharma’s suggestion for coal and petroleum labs was to do coal carbonisation in series. This allows a significant part of volatile matter to be recovered as variable liquid fuels that can be upgraded. The Fischer–Tropsch process is a key component of gas to liquids technology, which produces a synthetic lubrication oil and synthetic fuel, typically from coal, natural gas, or biomass. Prof. Sharma stressed that the Fischer- Tropsch synthesis could be linked to power generation, so there should be a link between petroleum refining petrochemicals and power generation. There is no reason why refineries cannot be exporters of power, he said. We need very intensified work in this area. One of the challenges, he said, was novel catalyst development without cobalt. Do it in petrochemical mode so that you get olefins and alcohols from Fischer-Tropsch. Prof. Sharma also emphatically said that there is a need for CSIR to create a centre for crystallisation. No drug production is possible without crystallisation. Medicines have turned out to be unsaleable because their crystallisation has not been done properly, he said. It is an area crying for intensification of efforts. In view of large scale desalination, high-flux

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separation membranes are required, said Prof. Sharma. Also nanofiltration membranes to withstand aggressive conditions like polar solvents, high concentration of sulphuric acid, high concentration of caustic soda, etc. This will aid manufacture of many drugs, agrochemicals and dyes. Another area that Prof. Sharma talked about was cement, which is growing to more than 300 tonnes per annum. He said that high performance concrete additives are required. There was a need to go in for polycarboxylic super plasticisers, which are also ecofriendly, particularly for high speed railways and expressways. Among some other challenges he posed were production of Formic acid (which has many applications including silage – efficacy of silage goes up dramatically on treatment with formic acid); Macrocyclic synthetic musk to offset the smell of detergents (it is also environmentally good); and biotechnology products such as COQ10, Hyaluronic acid, L- cysteine, L-methionine, lycopene, and Heparin. Prof. Sharma ended with a quote from Prof. Dr Uwe Krueffr, CEO of Atkins who says: “Shaping the future is better than trying to predict it. Take Leonardo da Vinci and his design for a helicopter 400 years before one flew.” The utilitarian part of research invigorates fundamental research and it is here that CSIR plus Academy can really show the way how high science can be done, said Prof. Sharma. 2.2.3 Excerpts Address of Shri S. Jaipal Reddy, the then Union Minister of Science & Technology and Earth Sciences and Vice President, CSIR Shri S. Jaipal Reddy, the then Union Minister of Science & Technology and Earth Sciences and Vice President, CSIR complimented the CSIR leadership and its scientists for maintaining CSIR’s position in the first 100 organizations of the world–to be precise at the 81st position amongst 2740 institutions worldwide. He quoted a statistic according to which the scientific staff of CSIR constitute only about 3-4% of India’s scientific manpower but contribute to 11% of India’s scientific output. He appreciated that CSIR had won the prestigious National Intellectual Property Award 2013, as top R&D Institution in Patents and the recognition of CSIR scientist by National Academics is of very high order. He emphasized that real value in a knowledge Fig.2.3 Shri. S Jaipal Reddy,the then, Hon'ble Minister of S&T and Earth Science and Vice President CSIR economy could only be derived from invention and innovation. Addressing the gathering Shri Reddy called upon CSIR to create an “Innovation System” in their own right. He also emphasized on the role of “Responsible Innovation” in providing more enabling technologies, innovative products and services for people at the base of the economic pyramid, which was essential for the progress of the country. India still lives in villages and in this context the Hon’ble Minister was especially appreciative of the CSIR-800 programme. Shri Reddy said as one of the leaders in innovation in the country, CSIR has greatly energized the National Innovation System through its contributions in the past seven decades. The spectrum of such contributions is quite wide – from import substitution to development of specific industry segments, from strategic capacity creation in some niche segments to marching towards global leadership. He expressed happiness that CSIR was increasingly carving out global Science & Technology niches and moving further in enabling the National Innovation System in a strategic manner. He said the setting up of the CSIR-Fourth Paradigm Institute Fig. 2.4 Prof. Brahmachari, DG, CSIR facilitating (CSIR- 4PI) is a testimony to that. In the current Decade of Innovation, Hon'ble Minister of S&T & Earth Science Shri. S. Jaipal Reddy

122 as declared by the Government, the Hon’ble Minister was appreciative of the fact that CSIR had pursued several innovative activities such as conceptualization of the eHealth Center (eHc) and making it operational. The Hon’ble Union Minister later gave away CSIR Awards in various categories. Shri Reddy was happy to see future leaders of Indian science and called upon them to perform well in times to come and help the country achieve S&T leadership. 2.3 Conferring various Prestigious Awards 2.3.1 CSIR Young Scientist Awards 2013 Instituted in 1987, CSIR Young Scientist Awards seek to promote in-house excellence in various fields of science and technology. CSIR scientists, below 35 years of age, as reckoned on 26th September (CSIR Foundation Day) of the preceding year, are eligible for the Award. These awards are given annually in the following fields: Biological Sciences; Chemical Sciences; Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences; Engineering Sciences; Physical Sciences (including instrumentation) Each award consists of a citation, a cash prize of Rs. 50,000/- (Rupees fifty thousand only) and a plaque. CSIR Young Scientist Awardees are also entitled to a research grant of Rs. 5 lakhs (Rupees five lakh only) per annum for a period of five years and an honorarium of Rs. 7,500/- (Rupees seven thousand and five hundred only) per month till the age of 45 years. Till 2012, 157 scientists (including 17 women scientists) have received the CSIR Young Scientist Award and out of these 16 scientists have been conferred with the prestigious Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize later in his/her career. For the year 2013, Advisory Committee consisting of eminent scientists recommended the following six scientists for the CSIR Young Scientist Awards, which were given away by the Hon’ble Union Minister for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences, Shri S. Jaipal Reddy.

Biological Sciences Engineering Sciences • Dr. Arun Kumar Trivedi of CSIR-CDRI. • Dr. Parveen Saini of CSIR-NPL. Chemical Sciences Physical Sciences (including instrumentation) • Dr. Santoshkumar D. Bhat of CSIR- CECRI; and • Dr. Sanjay Kumar Srivastava of CSIR-NPL. • Dr. Yatendra Singh Chaudhary of CSIR- IMMT. Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences • Dr. Maheswar Ojha of CSIR-NGRI.

Fig. 2.5 CSIR Young Scientists Awardees-2013 with Hon'ble Minister of S&T and Earth Sciences Shri. S. Jaipal Reddy

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2.3.2 CSIR Technology Awards 2013 CSIR Technology Awards seek to foster and encourage multi-disciplinary in-house team efforts and external interaction for technology development, transfer and commercialization. These Awards include one each for: Life Sciences; Physical Sciences including Engineering; Innovation; Business Development and Technology Marketing; and Most Significant CSIR Technology of the Five Year Plan Period (awarded once in five years coinciding with the plan period, to such technology which has proven in the market place, at least for 5 years). Each Technology Award comprises of a cash prize of Rs. 2 lakh (Rs. Two lakh only) except the award for the “Most Significant CSIR Technology of the Five Year Plan Period” which has a cash prize of Rs. 5 lakh (Rs. Five lakh only). Besides, a plaque and a citation are also given to the awardees. The Hon’ble Union Minister of Science & Technology and Earth Sciences and Vice President, CSIR, Shri S. Jaipal Reddy gave away the CSIR Technology Awards 2013 on the occasion of the 71st CSIR Foundation Day celebrations to the following laboratories: • Technology Award for Life Sciences CSIR-NEIST has won the award for developing herbal drug for management of arthritis. The herbal formulation developed is non-toxic, non-invasive and is for topical application. It helps in managing the arthritic problem effectively. CSIR recognizes the significant contribution of Prof. Samir Bhattacharya of Visva- Bharati University, Santiniketan. • Technology Award for Physical Sciences including Engineering CSIR-CSMCRI has won the award for developing technology for production of synthetic hydrotalcite (SHT) using effluent streams from organic pigment industry. The technology is focused at achieving significant value addition to waste which was causing environmental hazard. The technology was licensed to M/s Heubach Colour Pvt. Ltd., Ankaleshwar. The company has installed a 1000 TPA plant to manufacture synthetic hydrotalcite. This is the first plant to produce SHT in India and the first of its kind in the world to produce SHT using effluent streams from organic pigment industry and salt industry. • Technology Award for Innovation CSIR-CMERI has won the award for developing portable magnifying instrument useful for colposcopy. The innovation involves development of a portable optical instrument for early diagnosis of cervical cancer especially affordable to the poor patients residing in remote villages. CSIR recognizes the contribution of Late Dr. Gour Chandra Chatterjee, Gynaecologist of Sree Sree Mohanananda Cancer Hospital, Durgapur. • Technology Award for Business Development & Technology Marketing CSIR-NCL has won the award for significantly enhancing the business and marketing of its knowledgebase. CSIR-NCL played a vital role in the quest of the country towards scientific and technological leadership and providing scientific solutions to the industries and adopted several new strategies and developed business models f o r s m o o t h f l o w o f Fig. 2.6 CSIR Technology Award winner-2013 with Hon'ble Minister S&T & Earth Sciences technologies to industry. Shri S Jaipal Reddy & Prof. S.K. Brahmachari, DG, CSIR

124 2.3.3 CSIR Award for S&T Innovations for Rural Development (CAIRD) CSIR instituted the CSIR Award for S&T Innovations for Rural Development (CAIRD) in 2006 to recognize and honour those outstanding S&T innovations that have helped transform the lives of rural people or alleviated the drudgery of the rural people. The award is given to an innovation that has created a paradigm shift in standards of quality of life of the rural people or demonstrated competitive advantage and positive user response or helped in generation of rural employment in the country and shown a new way of conducting business to achieve social and economic transformation in the domain of rural development. The award consists of a cash prize of Rs. 10 lakh, a citation and a shield. CSIR Award for S&T Innovations for Rural Development (CAIRD) for the year 2012 was awarded to CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar along with AquAgri Processing Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi for ‘Cultivation of red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii and co-production of bio-nutrients & Carrageenan from fresh seaweed.’ 2.3.4 CSIR Diamond Jubilee Technology Award (CDJTA) CSIR instituted the CSIR Diamond Jubilee Technology Award in commemoration of its Diamond Jubilee from the year 2003. The award acknowledges the most outstanding technological innovation that has brought prestige to the nation. The award is given to a technology that is developed in the country by Indian innovators and meets the highest global standards. Technologies leading to commercially successful products, processes and services, which give India a sustainable competitive advantage, are considered for the award. The award consists of a cash prize of Rs. 10 lakh, a citation and a shield. CSIR Diamond Jubilee Technology Award (CDJTA), for the year 2013, was conferred on M/s Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles Private Ltd., Bangalore for ‘Design and development of the electric car named e2o.’ 2.3.5 CSIR Innovation Award for School Children 2012 In order to enhance creativity amongst school children, CSIR announced for the first time the Diamond Jubilee Invention Award for School Children on 26th April 2002 – the day celebrated as World Intellectual Property Day throughout the world. The objective of this competition is to capture the creativity and innovativeness amongst school children and create awareness about IPR. The competition continued till 2010 and in the year 2011 was renamed as the ‘CSIR Innovation Award for School Children’. During the last eleven years, i.e. from 2002 to 2012, 4181 proposals were received for these Awards from various parts of the country and 66 inventions/ innovations were selected for various prizes by a High Level Awards Selection Committee. For the year 2012, only six innovations were selected out of 487 proposals received for the various categories of prizes to be given. The winner gets a cash prize, trophy and a certificate. The innovations with category of prize is given below: • Second Prize (Rs. Fifty thousand only) Srishti Jain, Vatsal Sharma, and Yash Bansal of Class XII of DLF Public School, Ghaziabad, for the invention ADIA-Cool (Air Conditioner). The devised air-conditioner is eco-friendly and cost effective; • Third Prize (Rs. Thirty thousand only) R.G. Janani of Class VII of Kendriya Vidyalaya, No.2, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu for her invention of Universal Kitchen Machine. This device is cost effective and will replace the bulky, high energy consuming and expensive dish washer; • Fourth Prize (Rs. Twenty thousand only) Rohan Ch. Das of Class IX of Little Flowers’ School, Nalbari, Assam for his invention Conversion of Energy by Applying Playway Method in Schools. This innovation is effective in remote villages without any electrification; and • Fifth Prize (Rs. Ten thousand only) Pritam Chhetri of Class XII of Birpara High School, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal for his invention `A Safety System for Gas’; Nishant Rajesh Dugad of Class VIII of L.V.H Academy, Nasik, Maharashtra for his invention `Magic Irrigation-To Save Electricity, Manual Power and Energy’; and Anjaney Kumar and Abhishek Anand of Class XI of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Saharsa, Bihar for their invention `Magnetic Goggles for Handicapped’.

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2.3.6 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar (SSB) Prize for Science & Technology 2013 Instituted in the year 1957, in the memory of late Dr. (Sir) Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar, FRS, the founder director of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), the SSB Prize is awarded each year on the basis of conspicuously important and outstanding contributions to human knowledge and progress, made through work done primarily in India during the five years, preceding the year of the prize. Any citizen of India engaged in research in any field of science and technology up to the age of 45 years is eligible to be nominated for the SSB Prize. Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) and Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) working in India are also eligible to be considered. The SSB Prize comprises a citation, cash award of Rs. 5,00,000/- (Rupees five lakh only) and a plaque. Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari, DG, CSIR during the 71st CSIR Foundation Day celebrations announced the names of the winners of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prizes 2013 in the following disciplines: Biological Sciences • Dr. Sathees Chukkurumbal Raghavan of Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. Chemical Sciences • Dr. Yamuna Krishnan of National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bengaluru. Engineering Sciences • Dr. Bikramjit Basu of Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru; and • Dr. Suman Chakraborty of Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. Mathematical Sciences • Dr. Eknath Prabhakar Ghate of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai Medical Sciences • Dr. Pushkar Sharma of National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi Physical Sciences • Dr. Amol Dighe of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai; and • Dr. Vijay Balakrishna Shenoy of Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. 2.3.7 G.N. Ramachandran Gold Medal for Excellence in Biological Sciences & Technology 2013 CSIR instituted a Gold Medal in 2004 in the fond memory of Prof. G.N. Ramachandran, a pioneer of protein chemistry and the founding father of structural biology in India, for recognizing excellence in the interdisciplinary subject/field of Biological Sciences & Technology. Till the year 2012, nine scientists have been bestowed with this prestigious award: Prof. M. Vijayan (2004), Prof. P. Balaram (2005), Prof. T. P. Singh (2006), Prof. C. Ramakrishnan (2007), Prof. M.R.N. Murthy (2008), Prof. R.V. Hosur (2009), Dr. Dinakar M. Salunke (2010), Prof. Jayant B. Udgaonkar (2011) and Fig. 2.7 Prof. Raghvan Veradrajan of Indian Institute of Science receiving G.N. Ramachandran gold Medal form Hon'ble Prof. Dulal Panda (2012). Minister of S&T and Earth Science, Shri S Jaipal Reddy

126 For the year 2013, the Advisory Committee recommended Prof. Raghavan Varadarajan of the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru for the G.N. Ramachandran Gold Medal for Excellence in Biological Sciences and Technology. Prof. Varadarajan has used both computational and experimental methods to obtain a deeper understanding of the relation between protein fold and stability. He has done exemplary work on the design of proteins to carry out specific functions, especially on the design of immunogens that could be eventually used in an AIDS vaccine. 2.4 Book release entitled `Appropriate Technologies for the Development of Northeast India’ Shri S. Jaipal Reddy, Union Minister of Science & Technology and Earth Sciences and Vice President, CSIR released a book entitled ``Appropriate Technologies for the Development of Northeast India’ edited by Dr. U.S.N. Murty, CSIR-IICT at the Foundation Day 2013 celebrations.

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HEADQUARTERS ACTIVITIES

3.1 PLANNING AND PERFORMANCE DIVISION (PPD) The Division is the nerve centre of the CSIR Headquarters, which is continuing to assist the activities of laboratories and interactions with Government agencies. It conceptualizes Five Year Plans and Annual Plans, dealing with the issues related to Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Science & Technology and Environment and Forests, preparing Outcome Budget, driving New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI), supporting business development activities, bringing out Annual Reports of CSIR, managing awards such as CSIR Technology Awards; CSIR Diamond Jubilee Technology Awards; and CSIR Award for S&T Innovations for Rural Development, Managing Plan projects etc. The following paragraphs encapsulate some significant activities of the Division: 3.1.1 Twelfth Five Year Plan of CSIR CSIR is pursuing XII Five Year Plan activities through ten Schemes. PPD is nodal for one of the major schemes i.e. 'National Laboratories Scheme.' All the R&D activities of CSIR are being executed in project mode. During the year 23 Plan projects were appraised, approved by the Competent Authority, and made operational. With this there are 157 project being pursued in all the Five clusters viz. Biological Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Engineering Sciences, Information Sciences, and Physical Sciences. PPD continuously has monitored through Task Force Committee. Significant progress of the project has been covered in the chapter on S&T Contributions. 3.1.2 Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Science & Technology, Environment and Forests The Department related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Science & Technology, Environment and Forests considers and recommends for grants of DSIR including CSIR to the Government of India. It also looks into specific topics/ subjects on national S&T interests for deliberation from time to time. Demands for Grants for the year 2013-14 A background note on Demand for Grants for the year 2013-14 for CSIR highlighting activities, programmes and financial summary was prepared and the note was submitted to the Committee through Rajya Sabha Secretariat. Two Hundred Forty Fourth Report The Committee, while reviewing the working and considering the detailed Demands for Grants of DSIR, analysed the same with reference to the aims, objectives and achievements of the Department and presented its 244th Report thereon to both the Houses on 8th May, 2013. There were 23 recommendations in 244th Report of the Committee. Majority of them were advisory and appreciative in nature. The Department has furnished a detailed Action Taken Note on these recommendations to the Committee on 7th August, 2013. Statement by the Hon’ble Minister of S&T on the Implementation of the recommendations of the Committee Hon’ble Minister of Science & Technology has to make a statement in both the Houses of the Parliament twice in a year. PPD prepared this requisite statement on the implementation on the recommendations as contained in the 244th Report of the Committee. Hon’ble Minister made the statement in Rajya Sabha. Excerpts of some of the most significant recommendations are as under: • The Committee feels that though the utilization of funds of the Department is impressive, the Committee recommends that the Department should make endeavour to improve it further; • The Committee is of the view that in order to fulfill aspirations of modern India, CSIR should aim to become amongst at least first 10 global organization in its field and it should strive hard to achieve that ranking within next 5 years, for that alone would give it position of pride in the hearts of millions of young men & women;

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• The Committee appreciates development of Granito tiles and e-health centre initiative, which the Committee hopes will help in bringing affordable health services to the doorsteps of people. The Committee, accordingly, recommends that the Department should strive towards making these breakthroughs commercially viable; • The Committee is pleased to note that the Department has agreed to widen the ambit of 250 handholding scholarships to include not only dyslexic students but also students suffering from other serious physical disabilities as recommended by the Committee in its 227th Report; • The Committee welcomes setting up of Innovation Complexes which will have world class facilities and help catalyze innovation ecosystem of the region; • The Committee recommends that the Consultancy Development Centre must formulate a potent action plan to develop and promote consultancy capabilities in the country so that consultancy emerges as a viable career option in the country; • The Committee lauds the objective with which CSIR 800 scheme has been launched. The Committee also recommends that the Department should formulate more such schemes to augment the income of poor and quality of their lives; • The Committee appreciates the novel objective of Open Source Drug Discovery Programme i.e. to make healthcare affordable to the common man. The Committee hopes that programme would lead to affordable treatment of these diseases for common man; and • The Committee notes skill development training programme organized by NRDC for the people of North Eastern States & for women’s empowerment and is particularly happy on setting up of post- harvest technology centres. Two Hundred Fifty First Report The Division prepared Action taken Report on the recommendations contained in 251st Report of the Committee and submitted to the Rajya Sabha Secretariat. Excerpts of some of the suggestions/ recommendations of the Committee: CSIR should demonstrate utility of its technology to such flood prone states so that country could reap full benefit of technologies developed by CSIR. The Committee, further, recommends that CSIR must also find solutions to problems faced by people like drying of ponds and their revival in the state of Jharkhand so that benefit of research of CSIR is also available in solving the problems faced by people. The Committee appreciates that New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI) started by the Department in the 11th Plan and recommends that programme should be pursued with great vigour in the 12th Plan so that a large number of research projects are undertaken under PPP mode and private investment in R&D which, at present is around 20 to 25%, increase substantially. The Committee lauds the objective with which CSIR 800 scheme has been launched. The Committee also recommends that the Department should formulate more such schemes to augment the income of poor and quality of their lives. The Committee appreciates the novel objective of its Open Source Drug Discovery Plan i.e. to make healthcare affordable to the common man. The Committee notes that the programme was initiated in 11th Five Year Plan with TB as target disease and is being extended to 12th Five Year Plan to cover Malaria and Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar) and hopes that programme would lead to affordable treatment of these diseases for common man. The Committee recommends that the Department should provide high priority to such socially useful programmes so that objectives of these programmes are achieved as early as possible.

132 3.1.3 Outcome Budget 2014-15 It is imperative for all Ministries/ Departments to submit its Outcome Budget to the Ministry of Finance. The Outcome Budget is a mechanism to measure the development outcomes of all major programmes run by Ministries. It is envisaged to improve the quality of implementation of developmental programmes. In short, the ‘Outcome Budget’ is a pre-expenditure instrument to help realize the Department’s vision through clearly defined outputs/ outcomes, as a supplement to the current system built around post-expenditure scrutiny. With this tenet as a guiding beacon, Division prepared the requisite material (pertaining to CSIR), for the year 2014-15, as per the format provided by Ministry of Finance and submitted to DSIR, duly approved by DG, CSIR both in Hindi and English. The same was consolidated into ‘Outcome Budget of Ministry of Science & Technology’ for the year 2014-15. 3.1.4 Annual Report 2012-13 The Division prepares Annual Report every year which is a statutory requirement. The Report for the year 2012-13 was prepared on the basis of the inputs received from laboratories/ institutes and divisions of the Headquarters. The inputs were analysed, significant achievements selected and edited and got consolidated in the form of the Report. 3.1.5 Annual Plan 2014-15 Annual Plan of CSIR is one of major activities of the Division. The document is prepared on the basis of the inputs received from the national laboratories/ institutes on the progress of the plan projects of the 12th Five Year Plan along with future targets. In addition, information on non-network projects was also sought. The information was analysed and compiled by keeping in view the priorities under consideration, the Annual Plan document 2014-15 was formulated and sent to the Planning Commission for consideration. The Annual Plan document for the year 2014-15 consists of the overall achievements of the CSIR during the preceding year, details of schemes and progress of the plan projects during the 12th Five Year Plan period and project budgetary support for the year 2014-15. A chapter is dedicated to financial requirements which covers project-wise, scheme-wise, and consolidated financial requirement of CSIR. 3.1.6 New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI) The New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI) is the largest public-private-partnership effort within the R&D domain of CSIR in the country. It looks beyond today’s technology and thus seeks to build, capture and retain for India a leadership position by synergising the best competencies of publicly funded R&D institutions, academia and private industry. The Government finances plays a catalytic role. It is based on the premise of consciously and deliberately identifying, selecting and supporting potential winners. NMITLI has carved out a unique niche in the innovation space and enjoys an excellent reputation. It has so far evolved 73 largely networked projects in diverse areas viz. Agriculture & Plant Biotechnology, General Biotechnology, Bioinformatics, Drugs & Pharmaceuticals, Chemicals, Materials, Information and Communication Technology and Energy. These projects involve 100 industry partners and 300 R&D groups from different institutions. During the year significant progress made for: MicroPCR; Design and fabrication of All-Fiber Supercontinuum Light Source with application demonstration on spectroscopic signature detection; Development and demonstration of 500W SOFC Stack with hydrogen as fuel and testing of short stack with synthetic gas; Design, development and demonstration of high performance Parabolic Trough based 300 kW Solar Thermal Power Plant; NonClonableID Technology for Medical Product Authentication; Diabetic formulation; Diagnostic system for affordable point of need testing to manage HIV and TB; Development of Dental implants - Phase II study. Details of these are provided in the in the Chapter on S&T Contributions in appropriate Clusters.

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3.1.7 Business Development and Marketing of Knowledgebase PPD maintained interaction with Indian as well as international institutions and companies. The Division continued to render proactive assistance to laboratories for business development and marketing of knowledgebase. During the period it examined and facilitated for approval over 50 agreements received from CSIR laboratories. PPD continued to maintain organic linkage with national level industry associations and other stakeholders. Some of the major agreements modified and facilitated by PPD are given below: (i) CSIR-NAL’s Research Agreement for a project proposal with De Montfort University (DMU), Leicester, UK and De Montfort Expertise Limited (DMEL), Leicester, UK with a total cost of £ 174,250/- (Professional Fee of £ 134,500/- and other estimated expenses of £ 39,750/-) for a 15 months period duration; and (ii) Agreement between CSIR-NIO, Goa and M/s Rheochem Ltd., Australia with a total cost of US $175,000/- for duration of 6 months duration. 3.1.8 Security and Sensitivity Clearance The R&D proposals involving foreign scientists/ agencies were examined and assessed in the Division from security and sensitivity angle. The proposals covered basically contract R&D. During the year, around 50 such proposals were processed. Some of the clientele covering these proposals included Du Pont, USA; Dialog Systems Pvt. Ltd., Singapore; CNRS, France; WIKA, Indonesia; GCVE, Australia; SABIC Petrochemicals, Netherland; JMPLC, UK; UCL, South Africa; Shell Global Solutions, Netherland; CCMIS, Malaysia etc. 3.1.9 CSIR Technology Awards Instituted in 1990 and given annually, ‘CSIR Technology Awards’ seek to foster and encourage multi-disciplinary in-house team efforts and external interaction for technology development, transfer and commercialization. These Awards include one each for: (i) Life Sciences; (ii) Physical Sciences including Engineering; (iii) Innovation; (iv) Business Development and Technology Marketing; and (v) Most Significant CSIR Technology of the Five-Year Plan Period (awarded once in five years, coinciding with the plan period, to such technology which has proven in the market place at least for five years). Each Technology Award comprises of a cash prize of ₹ 2 lakh except the award for the “Most Significant CSIR Technology of the Five-Year Plan Period” which has a cash prize of ₹ 5 lakh. Besides, a plaque and a citation is also given to the awardees. The Hon’ble Minister of Science & Technology and Earth Sciences and Vice President, CSIR, Shri S. Jaipal Reddy gave away the CSIR Technology Awards 2013 on the occasion of the 71st CSIR Foundation Day celebrations. These awards were given in the categories of Life Sciences to CSIR-NEIST for developing herbal drug for management of Arthritis; Innovation to CSIR-CMERI for the development of portable magnifying instrument useful for colposcopy; Physical Sciences including Engineering to CSIR-CSMCRI for developing technology for production of synthetic hydrotalcite using effluent streams from organic pigment industry; and Business Development & Technology Marketing to CSIR-NCL for Business Development & Technology Marketing of their knowledgebase.

Fig: 3.1 CSIR Technology Awardees-2013

134 3.1.10 CSIR Award for S&T Innovations for Rural Development (CAIRD) CSIR instituted the CSIR Award for S&T Innovations for Rural Development (CAIRD) in 2006 to recognize and honour those outstanding S&T innovations that have helped transform the lives of rural people or alleviated the drudgery of the rural people. The award is given to an innovation that has created a paradigm shift in standards of quality of life of the rural people or demonstrated competitive advantage and positive user response or helped in generation of rural employment in the country and shown a new way of conducting business to achieve social and economic transformation in the domain of rural development. The award consists of a cash prize of Rs. 10 lakh, a citation and a shield. CSIR Award for S&T Innovations for Rural Development (CAIRD) for the year 2012 was awarded to CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar along with M/s AquAgri Processing Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi for ‘Cultivation of red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii and co- production of bio-nutrients & Carrageenan from fresh seaweed.’ 3.1.11 CSIR Diamond Jubilee Technology Award CSIR instituted the CSIR Diamond Jubilee Technology Award in commemoration of its Diamond Jubilee from the year 2003. The award acknowledges the most outstanding technological innovation that has brought prestige to the nation. The award is given to a technology that is developed in the country by Indian innovators and meets the highest global standards. Technologies leading to commercially successful products, processes and services, which give India a sustainable competitive advantage, are considered for the award. The award consists of a cash prize of Rs. 10 lakh, a citation and a shield. CSIR Diamond Jubilee Technology Award (CDJTA), for the year 2013, was conferred on M/s Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles Private Ltd., Bangalore for ‘Design and development of the electric car named e2o.’ 3.1.12 Technologies and Product for Solar Energy Utilisation through Networks (TAP-SUN) TAPSUN program is a joint initiative of CSIR and MNRE which envisages to Create a network of research institutes within CSIR in the first instance and subsequently a broader network which would include academia, other research institutions and industry. During the year organic photovoltaic cell was prepared using modified PTB7-PC60BM, with efficiency (PCE) of 3+ ~6.9%. A red emitting nanophophor YVO4:Eu (excitation maximum ~300nm) was developed. A promising visible-light excited red emitting luminescent Eu3+ -phenathrene-based fluorinated ß-diketonate complex with high quantum yields was developed of OLED device. Au/TiO2 composites (2.3eV) active in visible region are developed having hydrogen evolution rate(HER) of 2400 µmol/h against global benchmark of 2053 µmol/h in presence of organic donor without Pt. Novel CA enzyme driven systems with metal based composites showing HER of 521 µmlo/h developed and patented. Second TAPSUN Conference was organized on the theme 'Advances in Futurstic Solar Energy Meterials' at CSIR-CLRI, during 13-14th September 2013. 3.2 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT GROUP (HRDG) The Human Resource Development (HRD) Group has a mandate to develop and nurture S&T manpower at the national level. It also promotes, guides and co-ordinates scientific & industrial research through research grants to scientists/ professors working in universities/ R & D institutes. The activities of the HRD Group include: Selection of Junior Research Fellows (JRF) through National Eligibility Test (NET); Selection of Senior Research Fellows (SRF), SRF Extended, Research Associates (RA), Senior Research Associates (SRA) and Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Fellows (SPMF); Award of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prizes (SSB), CSIR Young Scientist Awards (YSA) and GN Ramachandran Gold Medal; Funding of Extra Mural Research (EMR) Schemes at universities/ R&D organizations; Travel /Conference/ Symposium grants. Significant achievements of HRD Group for the period are as follows:

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3.2.1 National S & T Manpower Development 3.2.1.1 CSIR-UGC National Eligibility Test (NET) for JRF and LS CSIR-UGC National Eligibility Test (NET) June 2013 for Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) and Lectureship was conducted on 23rd June 2013 at 26 centres throughout the country. 2,90,442 candidates registered & 1,72,904 appeared for the examination. A total number of 2557 candidates qualified for CSIR/ UGC JRF and 2803 qualified for lectureship only. Out of 2557 candidates qualified for JRF, 1357 are to be supported by CSIR and rest by UGC. The CSIR-UGC NET December examination was held on 22nd December 2013. 2,47,184 candidates registered and 1,57,226 appeared for the examination. A total number of 2375 candidates qualified for CSIR/ UGC Junior Research Fellowship & lectureship and 2667 qualified for lectureship only. Out of 2375 candidates qualified for JRF, 1175 are to be supported by CSIR and rest by UGC. 3.2.1.2 Shyama Prasad Mukherji Fellowship (SPMF) The objective of the SPM Fellowship Scheme is to identify and nurture budding scientific talent towards pursuit of scientific research. The fellowship is given to top certain number of JRF-NET scholars in five disciplines of basic sciences. During the year, SPM Fellowship was awarded to 65 students from five disciplines- 16 from Life, 17 from Chemical, 8 each from Mathematical, Earth, Engineering and Physical Sciences. 3.2.1.3 Senior Research Fellowship (SRF), SRF Extended and Research Associateship (RA) The expert committee meetings for the selections of SRFs, SRF (Extended) and RAs in 16 disciplines were held during November 2013 to March 2014. Out of total 2398 candidates called for interview, the candidates selected for SRF, SRF (Extended) and RA were 333, 32 and 80 respectively. 3.2.1.4 Senior Research Associateship (SRA)/ Scientist’s Pool Scheme The Senior Research Associateship (SRAship) is primarily meant to provide temporary placement to highly qualified Indian scientists, engineers, technologists, and medical personnel who are not in regular employment in the country and including those returning from foreign countries. During the year, 78 Senior Research Associates were selected and their total number as on 31st March 2014 was 149. 3.2.1.5 Junior Research Fellowship for GATE qualified engineering and pharmacy graduates (JRF-GATE) CSIR introduced a research fellowship known as the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF)-GATE in 2002 for the GATE qualified candidates with BE/ BTech/ BArch/ BPharm degree to pursue research leading to PhD in engineering and pharmaceutical sciences. JRFs selected under this scheme get an excellent opportunity to work with CSIR scientists with state-of-art R&D facility. During the year, forty three (43) JRF-GATE fellowships were awarded and around 164 JRF-GATE Fellows are working at present in different CSIR laboratories. 3.2.1.6 CSIR Nehru Science Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Scheme CSIR Nehru Science Postdoctoral Research Fellowship scheme was instituted in the year 2008 to identify and nurture promising young researchers in niche areas of basic science, engineering, medicine and agriculture. The scheme aims at facilitating their transition from mentored to independent research career. Fourteen (14) candidates were selected out of 40 called for interview during 2013-14. 3.2.2 Promotion and Recognition of Excellence 3.2.2.1 CSIR Young Scientist Awards The Young Scientist Awards (YSA) are given to scientists below the age of 35 years, in 5 disciplines of Science & Technology (S&T), to recognize in-house excellence. In the year 2013, six scientists were selected for Young Scientists Awards, two from Chemical and one each from Biological, Engineering, Physical (including

136 Instrumentation) and Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences. These Awards were presented by Shri S. Jaipal Reddy, Hon’ble Minister for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences and Vice President, CSIR at the CSIR Foundation Day Function held on 26th September 2013. 3.2.2.2 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science & Technology The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize (SSB) for Science & Technology is given every year to Indian scientists below 45 years of age for their notable & outstanding contributions, applied or fundamental, in seven (7) disciplines of Science & Technology. The names of eight (8) scientists selected for the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prizes for the year 2013 were announced by DG, CSIR at the CSIR Foundation Day Function held on 26th September 2013 at CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi. 3.2.2.3 GN Ramachandran Gold Medal for Excellence in Biological Sciences & Technology GN Ramachandran Gold Medal for Excellence in Biological Sciences & Technology is given every year for notable and outstanding research, applied or fundamental, in the interdisciplinary subject/ field of Biological Sciences and Technology. For the year 2013, GN Ramachandran Gold Medal was presented to Prof Raghavan Vardarajan of Indian Institute of Science, Bangaluru by Shri S. Jaipal Reddy, Hon’ble Minister for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences and Vice President, CSIR at the CSIR Foundation Day Function held on 26th September 2013 at CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi. 3.2.2.4 Funding of Extra Mural Research Schemes to promote R & D CSIR provides financial assistance to promote research in the field of Science and Technology including Agriculture, Engineering and Medicine. It is given in the form of research grants to Professors/ Scientists working in Universities/ Academic Institutes/ IIT’s etc. The number of research schemes recommended during 2013-14 are as given below:

No. of Proposals Proposals Schemes Proposals Cosidered Recommende Renewed General 798 312 987 Emeritus Scientist 91 32 140 Sponsored 17 14 24 One Time Grant 5 3 -

3.2.3 Travel / Conference Grants Travel grant is provided by CSIR to young researchers for presenting research papers at International Conferences abroad. Total of 2079 travel grant applications from students were considered and 880 cases were recommended for support. Travel Grant Committee also considered 766 applications for travel support from regular employees and recommended 336 cases for support. For organizing national/ international conferences/ symposia/ workshops etc., a total of 2209 proposals from universities/ institutes/ scientific societies etc were considered and 635 cases were recommended for support. 3.2.4 Faculty Training & Motivation and Adoption of Schools & Colleges by CSIR Labs The main objective of this scheme is to promote interest, excitement and excellence in science education at the school and under graduate level by taking up training and motivational programmes for students and science teachers. The scheme is implemented through CSIR labs.

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3.3 OPEN SOURCE DRUG DISCOVERY (OSDD): An Alternative Innovation Model for Drug Discovery Established in 2008, Open Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) Project of CSIR is today a globally benchmarked translational research program and drug discovery platform. Some of the significant achievements of the past year are: 3.3.1 Global Participation OSDD today has global participation of more than 8000 participants from 130 countries across the world. OSDD is partnering with organisations of international repute like Golden TB Alliance (GATB, TBAlliance), Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiatives (DNDI), Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) etc. to name a few. OSDD innovation model has been recognised globally. 3.3.2 Clinical Trials of New TB drug combination for MDR-TB Patients In March, 2014, OSDD obtained the approval of Drug Controller General of India for conducting Phase II B clinical trials for the new combination regimen for MDR-TB. This new regimen is being taken up by the TB Alliance, US in other parts of the world. The trial will be conducted at National Institute of Tuberculosis & Respiratory Diseases (NITRD), New Delhi. This will be a 3 arm study- in the first arm patients will be treated with a combination of PA, 824, Moxifloxacin and Pyrazinamide (PaMZ), in the second arm of PA-824 will be added to the current Standard of Care (DOTS PLUS) and the third will be consist of the Standard of Care. Institutes like National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai and CROs like M/s GVK Biosciences are also involved in the trial Approval from Ehics Committee of NITRD and RNTCP board have also been obtained. The import license for PA-824 has also been obtained and the drug entity is repackaged and is ready for the study. On successfully completing all stages of clinical trials, this new drug combination will be made available at an affordable cost without any royalty to the needy patients in the country. 3.3.3 TATA-CSIR-OSDD Fellowships for students In recognition of the work done by CSIR OSDD studens, Sir Dorabji Tata Trust in October, 2013 awarded a grant to enable Council of Scientitifc & Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi for operating TATA CSIR-OSDD Fellowship (TCOF) to support students and young researchers who will participate in the process of `crowd-sourcing’ as a method of research on open source discovery of drugs for neglected diseases like Tuberculosis (TB) and Malaria. The Grant amounts to Rs. 285.75 lakhs for a period of 3 years. The fellowship is now enabling students, especially women, across the country to undertake research and contribute towards the OSDD vision of providing affordable healthcare. 3.3.4 OSDD Drug Discovery Programs and Platform With an aim to accelerate the discovery of new drugs to TB, OSDD is pursuing several drug discovery projects in collaboration with varous academic scientists and institutions. Realising the urgent need for diverse small molecule chemical libraries, OSDD has initiated several chemistry projects involving about 90 PIs from many CSIR labs like IICT, NCL, NIEST, NIIST, CLRI, CDRI and IIIM. The compounds synthesized by the scientists are stored in a central repository at National MOL Bank at CSIR-IICT. About 10,000 compounds have been screened against Mycobacteria (at CSIR-IICT and CRO Premas Biotech) and 12 primary actives are being pursued further for optimization. In addition, hit optimization and SAR studies are in progress in collaboration with Jubilant Chemsys. Chemists from various universities, institutes and colleges were involved in synthesis of compounds via OSDDChem-an open access chemical repository. These compounds are being screened against TB and Malaria at CSIR-CDRI.

138 Apart from the whole cell based screening, target based screening is also underway at various labs (CSIR-IGIB, NII, University of Hyderabad, CSIR-IICT, CSIR-NIIST, BITS-Hyderabad and others) and at CRO Anthem Bioscinces, Biochemical and genetic validation of Drug targets at experimental level predicted from systems level analysis of Mtb are being pursued. Several model approaches to target Mtb are also underway. With these efforts OSDD has built a translational platform to convert the valuable scientific findings into drug discovery projects and has built a portfolio of early drug discovery projects. OSDD has build a host of open source facilities aimimg to euip the researchers with easily accessible resources to enable their research. These facilities include: • Open Source Chemical Repository-OSDDChem at CSIR-CDRI • Open Screening Facility at CSIR-IICT 3.3.5 Free Access Computational Resources OSDD Community has developed a package known as Computational Resources for Drug Discovery-an open in silico module for drug discovery which contain many resources like Tbrowse, KiDog, ccPDB, IPW, GiDoQ, MetaPred, KetoDrug, CRDD etc. The community has also developed OSDDlinux- a customised linux operating system for drug discovery that integrates open source software, libraries, workflows and web services in linux for creating environment for drug discovery. 3.3.6 Connect to Decode Phase II and Bulding a Systems Biology Platform Following the success of Phase I of Connect to Decode (C2D) program that effectively adopted Crowd Sourcing approach to genome scale re-annotation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for identification of novel drug targets, OSDD undertook Phase II of C2D. During this phase, large scale computing projects and distributed community collaborative projects were successfully completed. The Open Source Chemistry initiative under Phase II resulted in the creation of of OSDDChem, the open chemical repository along with development of a Cheminformatics community. The community with 400 registered members seeks to address the challenge of identifying molecules available in large online digital repositories with desired set of drug like properties, using computational tools. The project concentrated on the use of chemical descriptors and data mining approaches to discover and mine novel molecules with desirable properties and data curation and integration of chemical data along with annotation from various data sources in standardised formats. The group successfully developed predictive models for in-vitro anti tubercular activity and toxicity of molecules. Under this phase the OSDD community has also developed platforms and databases for curating and analyses of potential hits with most recent being the resource on phytomolecules (http://crdd.osdd.net/servers/biophytmol) to identify chemical compounds with anti-tubercular activity from plants. Building a Systems Biology Platform with the objective of gaining in-depth understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a system Biology Spindle Map (SBSM) of metabolism that enables the visualization of metabolic data of Mtb has also been designed. Systems Biology Spindle Map helps in stimulating and visualising the entire metabolic process of Mtb in terms of its genes, metabolites, enzyme catalysts and reactions to evaluate potential drug targets. 3.4 INTERNATIONAL S&T AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE (ISTAD) The International S&T Affairs Directorate (ISTAD), at the CSIR Head Quarters, New Delhi spearheads CSIR's linkages with international scientific & technical agencies across the globe for carrying out collaborative and contract research in frontier areas of science and technology. CSIR has, over the years, developed a vast array of innovative products, processes and technologies for its global partners in Germany, USA, UK, and many other

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countries. ISTAD has played a pivotal role in identifying and nurturing CSIR's global partnerships in the cutting edge areas of research and development which span more than 30 world class agencies across 27 countries around the globe. A major chunk of CSIR's international cooperation activities is centred in Europe and the USA where CSIR has successfully transferred several technologies in various fields such as drugs and healthcare, petroleum refining, agro-chemicals and environment. 3.4.1 S & T Cooperation CSIR – BMBF Cooperation Under CSIR-BMBF, Germany S&T Cooperation arrangement, CSIR Institutions continued their active participation in the nine joint research projects with German counterparts [University of Aachen, Institute of Photonics Technology, and Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung (IFAM), Leibnitz Institut for Katalyse (LIKAT) and Universiät Duisburg-Essen] in the areas of Nano-structured oxide thermoelectric materials, photonics, liquid crystal materials. These projects are immensely benefiting the major research programs of CSIR under Network or Supra Institutional projects. Ten exchange visits were approved under CSIR – BMBF Programme towards the implementation of the joint projects. CSIR-the Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic (ASCR) Under CSIR and the Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic (ASCR) S&T Cooperation arrangement, six Exchange Visits were approved under CSIR / ASCR Programme in the areas of Leather Engineering, Geophysical Sciences, Sustainable Energy, Mining Engineering, Geochemical Sciences and Geophysical Sciences and Mathematical Engg. CSIR - National Research Council (CNR), Italy CSIR has an ongoing programme of cooperation with the National Research Council (CNR), Italy. During the period 2012-14 nine collaborative projects have been taken up and exchange visits of ten man months from each side have been completed. CSIR-Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH) CSIR has a programme of cooperation with Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH) under the “Protocol for Scientific & Technical Cooperation” with CSIR. COSTECH is an apex organization which foresees all research and development activities in Tanzania and TIRDO is among the R&D organizations under the COSTECH umbrella. Under this programme CSIR arranged for a three months training of six Tanzanian researchers in CSIR-CIMFR, CSIR-CFTRI and CSIR-CLRI laboratories from January 2014. MoU between CSIR, India and Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam signed Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) India signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), Vietnam for enhancing Science and Technology cooperation between CSIR and VNU during the state visit of the Mr. Nguyen Phu Trong, General Secretary, Communist Party of Vietnam to India. Prof. Samir Kumar Brahmachari, DG CSIR was the signatory of the MoU from CSIR India & Prof. Phung Xuan Nha, Chairman of the Board and President, Vietnam National University (VNU) signed the MoU on behalf of VNU, Vietnam. The MoU envisages setting up a VNU-CSIR Joint R&D Centre at VNU Campus, Hanoi, Vietnam for joint Cooperation in Science & Technology. The primary areas of collaboration identified under this MoU are Chemical Science and Technology; Biological Science & Bio-Technology; Physics and Materials Science; Geo-Sciences, Oceanography & Climate Change; and Environmental Science & Engineering. Working Programme between CSIR, India & Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Vietnam signed

140 The Working Programme for S&T Co-operation between CSIR, India & VAST, Vietnam for the years 2013-15 was signed through exchange of letters. The areas of cooperation identified for cooperation are:- • Medicinal & Aromatic Plants - Natural compounds & their therapeutic properties - Herbal drugs and pharmaceuticals. • Water quality & purification technologies - Arsenic removal from the ground water • Environmental science and technology Agreement between CSIR-IICT and CNRS (University of Rennes, France) and CSIR-NCL CSIR-IICT has an ongoing International Associated Laboratory (LIA) program on “Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry at Interfaces (JLSCI)” with CNRS (University of Rennes, France) which started in 2008. The first phase of four years have been was successfully completed in December 2012. The Indo-French Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry at Interface is a unique facility put in place between CSIR and CNRS (University of Rennes). This joint laboratory has full fledged facilities at CSIR–IICT where students are engaged in joint Research Programmes. CSIR-IICT was granted a five year extension of the joint laboratory to provide tangible results from some of the ongoing projects. The world’s largest perfume and chemical company M/s L’Oreal has expressed their willingness to work for the mutual benefit. The joint laboratory has allowed CSIR–IICT to expand the knowledge base in few fields and vice versa. The present thrust project on CNS disorders is of high relevance to both partners. Extension of Agreement between CSIR-NCL and Unite de Catalyse and Chemie Solide (UCCS) of University of Science and Technology (USTL), Lille, France under International Associated Laboratory (LIA) Program of CNRS, France CSIR-NCL has an ongoing International Associated Laboratory (LIA) program on “CATalysis for Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry” (CATSEC) with CNRS (UCCS, Lille University, France) which started in 2008. The first phase of four years has been completed successfully in December 2012. During these four years their major accomplishments under this collaboration include: • Completed five projects implemented by different group at CSIR-NCL and UCCS; • Exchange visits of 10 scientists and 7 students (upto 3 months stay) from both the institutions; • Ten publications in peer reviewed high impact factor journals; and • Organization of two Indo-French symposiums, first in CSIR-NCL in 2010 and second in UCCS Lille, France in 2012. CSIR-NCL was granted an approval for extension of the LIA for implementation of seven project proposals under the theme of “Environmental Catalysis: Towards the reduction of atmospheric pollutants” and “Biomass activation by heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis”. Both the projects are related to developing new materials and the concerned scientists have expertise in material synthesis and characterization. Their addition to LIA will help in strengthening the catalyst synthesis component of the projects. Considering the fruitful collaboration so far with Lille University which has resulted in mutual benefits, it is expected that in the next LIA program, CSIR–NCL will further strengthen the collaboration with more exchange of scientists and students and in turn more number of publications. It is also proposed to have joint PhD program between CSIR-NCL and Lille University, so that students working on LIA projects can get PhD from CSIR as well as Lille University.

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EU funded projects INNO INDIGO & INDIGO POLICY granted to CSIR-ISTAD Two new projects that have been recently approved by EC for funding based on the positive outcome of New INDIGO programme. These are: 1. Innovation driven Initiative for the Development and Integration of Indian and European Research (INNO INDIGO)- CSIR is the Co-coordinator of the project 2. Support for policy cooperation in Indian and European Research and Innovation (INDIGO POLICY) - CSIR is a member of the consortium The overall objective of both these projects is to further strengthen the EU-India STI cooperation and create a joint infrastructure for advanced research and funding systems for the promotion of S&T collaboration. Kick Off Meetings for the EC projects organised The final meeting of New INDIGO was organized back to back with the kick-offs of INNO INDIGO and INDIGO POLICY at New Delhi during 4-6 Dec 2013 . The three projects constitute the INDIGO “family” projects under the “INDIGO” brand. INDIGO POLICY and INNO INDIGO will continue the activities of the New INDIGO project (European STI platform; STI Cooperation Days, monitoring of NPP-funded project; focal points), as well as add a new innovation dimension. Besides senior officials from European Commission, the meeting was attended by Science Counselors of most of the European countries and partners of the consortium which include DLR (Germany), BMBF(Germany), CNRS (France), ZSI (Austria), FWF (Austria), FCT (Portugal), NWO (Netherlands), AgNL (Netherlands), GAIA (Spain), TUBITAK (Turkey), APRE (Italy), EBN (Belgium), AKA (Finland) and DBT (India), GITA (India ), DST(India), Indo Genius and others. 3.4.2 Multilateral Co-operation CSIR-TWAS Fellowships CSIR in association with TWAS offers fellowship for PhD/ postdoctoral research studies at CSIR Institutes to the scholars from developing countries. Three researchers from Cameroon and Nigeria were allotted post-doctoral fellowships and fourteen researchers from Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan and Cameroon were awarded post graduate fellowships for a period of 12 months to 4 years in the different areas of Biomedical, Chemical, Environmental, Earth, Material, Life Sciences and Food Science &Technology. CSIR-DAAD Fellowship In India, the New Delhi office of the DAAD, established in 1960, promotes academic exchange between Germany and India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka. It annually supports over 1000 Indian and 600 German academicians and scientists to fulfill their academic and scientific pursuits by providing financial assistance. DAAD is funded by the Federal Republic of Germany and is functioning as an official agency in accordance with the Cultural agreement between Germany and India of March 1969. The DAAD provides information about education in Germany, grants scholarships to students, invites scientists from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka to Germany as well as those from Germany to these countries, and supports bilateral research projects. CSIR-RAMAN Research Fellowship The Raman Research Fellowships are granted to the CSIR researchers for carrying out research in the emerging / high priority areas. It is tenable at foreign institutions / R&D Centres of excellence. The entire cost is met by CSIR. 3.5 RECRUITMENT AND ASSESSMENT BOARD (RAB) 3.5.1 Recruitment of Scientists RAB facilitated recruitment of 130 scientists in the CSIR laboratories.

142 3.5.2 Assessment of Scientists Assessment of Jr. Scientists to Principal Scientist due for promotion during 2011-12 covering all the areas of CSIR numbering 589 was concluded. In addition, the Division organized assessment of 269 Sr. Prinicipal Scientists due for promotion during 2011-12. 3.5.3 Post Graduate Research Programme in Engineering (PGRPE) Out of a total 199 seats available for PGRPE programme 2013 batch in 17 disciplines across 12 laboratories, RAB facilitated the selection of 50 Trainee Scientists available in the said programme. 3.6 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT CENTRE (HRDC) The CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre continued its endeavour of human resource development for meeting multiple competency needs of CSIR personnel. The Centre, during the year has conducted 30 customised training programme for different categories of CSIR staff viz. scientific & technical, administrative, finance and purchase personnel. The following paragraphs summarize significant achievements during the year. Leadership Capacity Building Programme: Effective leadership is the most significant competitive advantage in the growth of an organization. Keeping in view such a need, the Centre launched a series of Leadership Development Programmes to build a leadership pipeline in CSIR by intensive training of the scientists having potential to grow as future leaders. There are two levels of these programmes : Leadership Development Programmes for junior & middle level scientists & officers; and Advanced Leadership Programme for senior level scientists & officers. During the year three Leadership Development Programmes were organized successfully. Major Training & Development Programmes: The major programmes organized to develop the competence of the scientists and technical personnel include ‘Programme on S&T Communication and Presentation Skills’; ‘Programme on Work Life Balance for Women Scientists and Officers’; ‘Induction Training Programme for Scientists’; ‘Development of Managerial Efficiency for Technical Officers’ etc. The Centre organized a special Workshop on ‘Digital media ke madhyam se hindi me vigyan sanchar’ to promote writing of scientific research papers and articles in Rajbhasha. The Centre also organised a ‘Training Workshop for CSIR-AYURGENOMICS- TRISUTRA Unit for the ayurveda researchers associated with the R&D activities of this Unit. In addition, the Centre also conducted various capacity building programmes for Administration, Finance and Stores & Purchase cadres including a series of programmes on ‘Supply Chain Management in R&D Organizations and CSIR Purchase Procedures’; ‘Skill Development Programmes in Financial Accounting’; ‘Capacity Building Programmes for Sr.COAs/COAs/AOs’ and ‘Programme on Effective Implementation of RTI Act’ etc. Training Assistance to other Institute : Two 10 day Training Programmes on ‘Research Methodology & Science Communication’ were conducted for the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR). These programmes were designed, developed and organised for the candidates of Post Graduate Research Programme in Engineering (PGRPE) 2013 batch. New Initiative for Skill Development of Assistants : The Centre launched a series of customised training programmes for Assistants of all cadres at the respective laboratories for reaching the maximum with minimum cost. The focus of these programmes is on enhancement of functional knowledge, skill upgradation and inculcate team spirit so as to enable them to perform their duties more effectively and efficiently. Two programmes in the series were conducted in CSIR-CECRI and CSIR-NEERI during the year.

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3.7 Unit for Science Dissemination (USD) The Unit for Science Dissemination is fully responsible for furthering favorable public image of CSIR as a whole. Several image-building activities were executed to achieve the overall objective through `Team USD’. Execution of Diverse Image Building Activities Image Building through Print Media Publicity Efforts • Effective media relations helped in furthering result-oriented relationship with the key press persons covering science in their respective dailies. Appropriate logistics support was ensure d to all of them to earn their confidence in this Unit; several features/ stories were published with the support of inputs provided by this Unit. • Press coverage was successfully organized during important CSIR events. • Press releases were prepared and disseminated on several occasions and their coverage monitored for effectiveness. Advertising Efforts • CSIR Innovation Award for School Children – 2013. • Advt. for AcSIR. • Advt. for the posts of outstanding Scientist – ‘H’ and Chief Scientist – ‘G’. • Advt. for the post of Sr. T.O. / T.O. / Tech. Asstt. / Sr. Technician & Security Officer. • Advt. on Foundation Day, 2013. • Advt. for the positions of Project Assistant, Research Consultant. • Industry Originated Project under CSIR – NMITLI. • CSIR Diamond Jubilee Technology Award – 2014 (CDJTA – 2014). • Advt. for the post of Director for various CSIR Labs. • CSIR Award for S&T Innovation for Rural Development – 2013. Image Building through Interactive Media (Exhibitions etc.) CSIR participates in various national/international exhibitions and other related events with two main objectives: (i) Creating awarenessabout CSIR and its achievements, and (ii) Supporting its business development efforts. This important activity was consolidated and efforts were made to project, as far as possible, an integrated picture of CSIR over all contribution to the theme areas of each event through extensive coordination with the participating CSIR labs on one side and the organizer of the event on the other. Other events organized by the unit during this year include: • 11th Infra Educa – 2013 Patna (5-6 June, 2013), Delhi (22-23 June, 2013) & Sringar (2-3 July, 2013);

• 9th Food & Technology Expro – 2013 Pargati Maidan, New Delhi 26-28 July, 2013;

• Agri Tech India – 2013, Bangaluru 23-25 August, 2013;

• 7th S&T Expo – 2013, Bhimtal 6-8 June, 2013;

144 • Hasanpur Vigyan Mela – 2013, Haryana 5-7 July, 2013;

• Global R&D Summit, Ashoka Hotel, New Delhi 25-26 July, 2013;

• India – France Technology Summit, Hotel Lalit, New Delhi 23-24 Oct., 2013;

• 8th Meri Dilli Utsav, Pitampura, Delhi 4-6 Oct., 2013;

• 5th Vision Rajasthan – 2014, Chomu 17-19 Feb, 2014;

• Agrovision, Nagpur 26-29 Dec., 2013;

• Bangalore India Bio – 2014, Bangaluru 12-14 Feb, 2014;

• Garhwal Science & Technology Fair – 2014, Srinagar 18-20 Dec., 2013;

• 101 Indian Science Congress – 2014, Jammu 3-7 Feb, 2014; and

• 9thNutra Summit, Bangaluru 12-14 March, 2014.

CSIR’s participation in the following international exhibitions

• Indian Innovation Summit & Expo, Chicago 18 July, 2013.

Other Information Dissemination Services

The Unit provides press-clipping service to the office of the Minister of Science & Technology, DGSIR and other topmanagement of CSIR after scanning about 25 papers and 14 magazines on a regular basis. This activity was consolidated to make it more professional and timely.

Value-addition to the regular Newspaper Clipping Service of this Unit

• Special compilations were brought on the coverage by media (of important CSIR events) (both national and international) for perusal of MOS(S&T), DG, CSIR and the concerned departments; and

• Special supplements were also brought out covering the latest developments in S&T and other areas of interest to CSIR as reported in national and international online sources for the perusal of DG, CSIR.

Technical Services

• A large number of information queries pertaining to CSIR activities were attended either in person or by way of post/e-mail to the best satisfaction of the users.

Office of the Public Information Officer under Right to Information Act 2005

As the Right to Information Act of Govt. of India has come into force, Head, USD has been appointed as the Public Information Officer, CSIR, by DG, CSIR. All the requests for information (on CSIR) under this Act are being processed by this Unit.

3.8 TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE DIGITAL LIBRARY (CSIR-TKDL)

Misappropriation of Traditional Knowledge and bio-piracy of Genetic Resources are the issues of great concern for all the developing countries and these issues are being pursued at several multilateral forums such as Convention on Biological Diversity, TRIPs Council, World Trade Organization and at World Intellectual Property Organization.

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Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) has been created to prevent the misappropriation of India’s Traditional Knowledge at International Patent Offices (IPOs) so that the cases like misappropriation of ‘Turmeric’ and ‘Neem’ could be prevented. The reason for misappropriation of India’s traditional knowledge at IPOs was that since such traditional medicinal knowledge exists in local languages and was either not available to patent examiners or even in case of availability it was incomprehensible for them. In other words there exist language and format barriers due to which patents are being taken on the existing knowledge. TKDL has overcome the language and format barriers by scientifically converting and structuring the available information contents in 34 million A4 size pages of the ancient texts into five international languages, namely, English, Japanese, French, German and Spanish, with the help of information technology tools and a novel classification system - Traditional Knowledge Resource Classification (TKRC). Today, India through TKDL is capable of protecting about 0.297 million medicinal formulations similar to those of neem and turmeric. Since July 2009 till date India has been able to prevent misappropriation of India’s Traditional Knowledge at International Patent offices in 200 cases without any cost and in few weeks of time, whereas cancellation of only few claims in wrong patent granted on Basmati costed more than seven crores to APEDA. During the year, TKDL Unit has identified 392 patent applications on India’s Traditional knowledge and has filed 321 Pre-grant oppositions & has been successful in preventing the grant of wrong patents on India’s Traditional Knowledge in 58 cases wherein the applications of the pharmaceutical companies of United States, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, China, etc. have been withdrawn by the applicants / claims rejected by the examiners / claims amended by the applicants due to the Pre-grant opposition filed by TKDL Unit along with prior -art evidences from TKDL. Similar outcomes are expected in the remaining cases which are still under examination.

Successfuly safegurded Bio-piracy attempts to patent Medicinal Plant (usages)

Wheat Garlic Lotus Babool Lemon

Cannabis Ecliptic Cowhage Melon Alove Vera

146 TKDL Success against Bio-Piracy attempts of MNCs

Japan France Mimozax 1 R co. Ltd. mim zax 1 Laboratories EXPANSCIENCE Expenscinc L A B O R A T O I R E S 2 Unitika UNITIKA Ltd. we Realize it ! USA 1 Mars, Great Britain Incorporated 1 Mars Incorporeted pharmeceuticals New 2 Chapter, Inc 2 Kao Corp NEW CHAPTER

Koreo Singapore 1 UNHWA CORP NanYang 1 Polytechnic DONG-A DONG-A PHARMA 2 PHARM

Fig: 3.2 Significant success stories of CSIR-TKDL

In March, 2014 India has signed TKDL Access Agreements with The National Institute of Intellectual Property (INAPI), the Intellectual Property Office of Chile similar to the one earlier signed with other seven International Patent Offices like EPO, USPTO, UKPTO, CIPO, GPO, AIPO and JPO, which would further prevent the grant of wrong patents on India’s Traditional Knowledge and negotiations are in very advance stage to conclude TKDL Access Agreement with Russian Patent Office and Malaysia Intellectual Property Office. Several International delegations from countries like Malaysia, Kenya and Thailand etc. had visited TKDL during the year. The delegations from all countries commended the progress of TKDL and highly appreciated the Global leadership position of India in the area of Traditional Knowledge protection and sought the assistance of TKDL for setting up their National TKDL(s). World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Geneva, has proposed to Internationalize the TKDL for protection of traditional knowledge of other countries, especially developing nations. Several countries are approaching India firstly for getting TKDL replicated (mainly developing nations) and for getting access to TKDL for improving quality of examination of patent applications filed on traditional knowledge, which include developed nations also. 3.9 INNOVATION PROTECTION UNIT (IPU) The Unit manages `CSIR Innovation Award for School Children’. CSIR Innovation Award for School Children was announced on April, 2002- the day celebrated as World Intellectual Property Day throughout the world. For the year 2012, only six innovations were selected out of 487 proposals received for the various categories of prizes to be given. The winner gets a cash prize, trophy and a certificate. The unit was able to file 263 patents in India and 349 patents abroad on behalf of all the laboratories of CSIR. Besides, 92 patents were granted to CSIR in India and 373 in abroad.

147

150 Date Salient Details April - 2013 10th -12th CSIR-NEIST: Two days workshop on `Urban Climate Change Resilience’ in collaboration with Gorakhpur Environmental Action Group, Institute for Social and Environmental Transition and SEED was organized. 13th CSIR-IMMT: Hon’ble Governor of Odisha Sri S.C. Jamir was the Chief Guest on 49th Foundation Day of the institute. 24th CSIR-CDRI: National Laboratory Animal Centre of CSIR-CDRI in collaboration with Laboratory Animal Science Association of India (LASAI) celebrated the World Laboratory Animal Day. 27th CSIR-URDIP: World IP day celebrated. May - 2013 2nd CSIR-NML: Dr. K. Kasturirangan, Member (Science), Planning Commission and President, The National Academy of Sciences visited the laboratory. National Technology Day was celebrated. 11th CSIR-IHBT: Hon’ble Speaker, HP Vidhan Sabha Sh. Brij Behari Butail, was the Chief Guest on this occasion. Prof. T.A. Gonsalves, Director, IIT Mandi delivered the Technology Day lecture on “Fostering Innovation for India in IITs”. CSIR-CIMAP: A new formulation ‘Herbi Chew’ jointly developed by CSIR-CIMAP and CSIR-NBRI was released. June - 2013 5th CSIR-IITR: World Environment Day was celebrated. July - 2013 25th CSIR-CECRI: Dr. P. R. Vasudeva Rao, Director, IGCAR, Kalpakkam delivered the foundation day lecture on ‘Chemistry for fast reactors and associated fuel cycle’. August - 2013

12th - 13th CSIR-IMMT: Two days International Conference on “Frontiers in Energy, Environment, Health and Materials Research” with India-JSPS Alumni Association and Toyo University was organized. The inventor of carbon nanotube, Prof. Sumio Iijima, Japan delivered a talk on “Nano-Carbon Materials: Science and Applications.” About 45 delegates from Japan and 175 delegates from India attended the conference. Nearly fifty five posters were presented in this conference. 14th CSIR-CDRI: Brain Awareness Day was celebrated by the institute for recognizing impact of neuroscience research and its dissemination across around 100 students participated in this programme.

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24th - 31st CSIR-NGRI: 1st INDANCE Workshop was organised at Aarhus University, Denmark to explore establishment of an Indo-Danish Centre at CSIR-NGRI for carrying out research in Heliborne geophysics.

26th CSIR-IIP: Hon’ble President of India Shri Pranab Mukherjee visited the Institute to inaugurate the new ‘Advanced Crude Oil Reseach Centre’. Dr Aziz Qureshi, Hon’ble Governor of Uttarakhand and Shri Vijay Bahuguna, Hon’ble Chief Minister, Uttarakhand were also present on the occasion.

26th - 28th CSIR-4PI: Three days International Conference on Computational and Data Intensive Science was organized.

September - 2013

16th CSIR-NCL: L. K. Doraiswamy Honour Lecture on ‘Dynamic Modeling of Metablic Systems: The Cybernetic Approach’ was delivered by Prof. Doraiswami Ramkrishna, Purdue University, USA.

Synergy MSME-2013 Kolkata: CSIR-CGCRI played the lead role in the formation of the CSIR pavilion in the event on behalf of a chain of CSIR laboratories: CSIR CIMAP, CSIR-IHBT, CSIR-NBRI, CSIR-CRRI, CSIR-CEERI, CSIR-NML, CSIR-IICT, CSIR NEERI, CSIR CMERI, CSIR-CIMFR, CSIR-CLRI, CSIR-IMMT and CSIR-IICB who projected their low cost innovations with a view to invigorate the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in West Bengal.

21st - 23rd CSIR-CEERI: Three days international conference on Advanced Electronic Systems was organized.

24th CSIR-CLRI: Delegates from Iran, Common Market for Eastern & Southern Africa (COMESA) and Ethiopia visited the laboratory.

26th CSIR Foundation Day by its various institutes and laboratories.

Octobet - 2013

13th CSIR-IHBT: An awareness programme on “Food Safety and Standards Regulations-2011 The New Mandate” sponsored by Tea Board was organized.

23rd -26th CSIR-IIP: 7th International Symposium on Feedstock Recycling of Polymeric Materials (7th ISFR, 2013) was organized. Mr Jaipal Reddy, Hon’ble Minister of Science & Technology and Earth Sciences, GoI was the Chief Guest; Dr Anil Kakodkar, Chairman, TIFAC; Dr M O Garg, Chairman, 7th ISFR-2013 & Director, CSIR-IIP; Mr. K G Ramanathan, President, ICPE and Dr Hideyuki Tagaya, President, FSRJ, Japan were also present.

28th -31st CSIR-NISCAIR: “International Conference on Climate Change and the Himalayas: Current Status and Future Perspective” was inaugurated by Dr. Shashi Tharoor, former Minister of State for Human Resource Development. Prof. K.V. Thomas, former Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution inaugurated a cartoon exhibition on climate change.

152 November - 2013

20th -22nd CSIR-IMMT: 45th CSIR Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Tournament was organized.

CSIR-NML:Two days International Conference on "Modern Methods of Chemical Analysis- Future Trends (MMCA-2013)" was organised.

22nd -23rd CSIR-CGCRI: Two days International Conference on “Membranes And Applications” was held in collaboration with CSIR-CSMCRI.

28th-30th CSIR-CLRI: XVI National Conference on Surfactants, Emulsions and Biocolloids (NATCOSEB) was organized under the aegis of Indian Society for Surface Science and Technology (ISSST).

December - 2013

2nd - 3rd CSIR-CGCRI: Two days Asia-Pacific Meeting of Glass & Allied Industries & ICG Steering Committee Meeting-2013 was jointly organised with International Glass Commission, Belgium.

7th- 8th CSIR-NBRI: Annual Chrysanthemum and Coleus Show was organized.

16th- 18th CSIR-NML: Three days International Conference on Science and Technology of Iron making and Steelmaking (STIS 2013) was jointly organized with TATA STEEL & IIM, Jamshedpur. Prof. Roderich LL Guthrei, Director McGill Metals Processing Centre, McGill University, Canada was the guest of honour.

18th- 21st CSIR-CFTRI: 7th International Food Convention - IFCON 2013 was jointly organized with DFRL, Mysore; AFSTI and MOFPI, GOI. Around 1200 delegates, speakers, students and industrial representatives participated in the event.

28th CSIR-NIO: Taking over ceremony of Research vessel Sindhu Sadhana by Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari, DG, CSIR.

January - 2014

16th CSIR-NIO: Portuguese delegation visited the laboratory.

7th - 8th CSIR-NBRI: Annual Rose and Gladiolus Show was organized.

31st CSIR-CIMAP: Kisan Mela was organised at Lucknow. About 3000 farmers participated.

February - 2014

17th CSIR-IMMT: Prof. Jean-Marie Lehn, father of supramolecular chemistry, an advanced domain of molecular interactions and a Nobel Prize awardee in Chemistry visited the laboratory.

17th CSIR-CDRI: The 39th Mellanby Memorial Lecture was delivered by Padmashri Prof. K. Vijay Raghavan Secretary, DBT.

153 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

18th - 19th CSIR-NBRI: Two days Annual Rose and Gladiolus Show was celebrated by the institute.

19th CSIR-CCMB: A 5-Member high level delegation from Argentina led by Dr. Lino Baranao, Hon’ble National Minister of Science, Tech. and Productive Innovation visited the laboratory.

20th CSIR-IGIB: Dr. Lino Baranao, Minister of Sc. & Tech, Argentina, visited the institute.

27th CSIR-CIMAP: Khus(vetiver) meet was organised by the institute. Around 200 participants attended the meet.

28th National Science Day was celebrated in various laboratories/ institutes.

March - 2014

4th CSIR-CECRI: National Safety Day was celebrated as part of safety observance in the working place

12th - 14th CSIR-CFTRI: 9th Nutra India Summit 2014 was organized by CSIR, International Society for Nutraceuticals, Nutritionals and Naturals (ISNNaN) and MM Activ SCI Tech Communications, Bengaluru.

14th -15th CSIR-CFTRI: In association with CIFT, Kochi and National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB), Hyderabad organized Value Fish 2014 event at Veeraval, Gujarat.

20th - 22nd CSIR-NISTADS: Three days Conference on “Review of India S&T 2012-13 was organized.

10th - 13th CSIR-NEIST: Multi-state Mega Mock Exercise for Preparedness on Repeat of M 8.7 Shillong Earthquake organized in all NE states across 16 cities.

5th CSIR-NCL: Prof. B. D. Tilak Memorial Lecture on ‘Tunable Ruthenium Catalysts for Carbene Reactions, C-H Bond Functionalization as Key Steps for Green Chemistry’ by Prof. Pierre H. Dixneuf, CNRS-Université de Rennes, France

154 ANNEXURES

Annexure-I Awards/Recognitions During the year numerous awards and recognitions have come to CSIR staff, as under:

Awards/Recognition Lab Name

Padma Vibhushan Dr. R.A. Mashelkar Former DG,CSIR

Padma Bhushan Dr. T. Ramasami DG,CSIR

Infosys Foundation Award 2013 Dr. Rajesh S. Gokhale CSIR-IGIB

Fellows of Indian Academy Sciences -2014 Dr. Mitali Mukerji CSIR-IGIB Dr. KSMS Raghavarao CSIR-CFTRI Dr. C.V. Ramana CSIR-NCL Dr. Syamal Roy CSIR-IICB Dr. S. Roychoudhury CSIR-IICB Dr. V. Subramanian CSIR-CLRI

Fellows of Indian National Science Academy-2014 Dr. Uday Bandyopadhyay CSIR-IICB Dr. Anuradha Dube CSIR-CDRI Dr. Rajesh S. Gokale CSIR-IGIB Dr. M. Lakshmi Kantam CSIR-IICT Dr. C.S. Nautiyal CSIR-NBRI Dr. Syamal Roy CSIR-IICB

Fellows of Indian National Academy of Dr. S. Arunachalam CSIR-SERC Engineering- 2014

Fellows of National Academy of Sciences, Dr. Suchitra Benerjee CSIR-CIMAP Allahabad-2013 Dr. V.C. Kalia CSIR-IGIB Dr. R.K. Mishra CSIR-CCMB Dr. K.M. Puvvada CSIR-CDRI Dr. B.V.S. Reddy CSIR-IICT Dr. D.K. Uppreti CSIR-NBRI Dr. V. Subramanian CSIR-CLRI

Fellow of Nation Academy of Medical Dr. Chitra Mandal CSIR-IICB Science (NAMS), India

Fellow of Royal Society in Chemistry, UK Dr. Goutam De CSIR-CGCRI

CSIR Technology Award – 2013

Life Sciences Team-CSIR-NEIST CSIR-NEIST

Physical Sciences including Engineering Team-CSIR-CSMCRI CSIR-CSMCRI

Innovative Team-CSIR-CMERI CSIR-CMERI

Business Development Team-CSIR-NCL CSIR-NCL & Technology Marketing

157 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

CSIR Young Scientist Award, 2013

Biological Sciences Dr. Arun Kumar Trivedi CSIR-CDRI Chemical Sciences Dr. Santoshkumar D Bhatt CSIR-CECRI Dr. Yatendra Singh Chaudhary CSIR-IMMT Engineering Sciences Dr. M.C. Gadgil CSIR-NCL Dr. P.H. Maheshwari CSIR-NPL Earth, atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences Dr. Maheswar Ojha CSIR-NGRI Engineering Sciences Physical Sciences Dr. Parveen Saini CSIR-NPL (Including instrumentation) Dr. Sanjay Kumar Srivastava CSIR-NPL

NASI-Reliance Industries Platinum Dr. B.V. Reddy CSIR-IICT Jubilee Award-2014

NASI- Young Scientist Platinum Dr. R.K. Chaturvedi CSIR-IITR Jubilee Award (2013)

MRSI Medal -2014 Dr. N. Kalaiselvi CSIR-CECRI Dr. Pankaj Poddar CSIR-NCL Dr. Anoop Mukkopadhyay CSIR-CGCRI Dr. Prabhakar Rao CSIR-NIIST

CRSI Broze Medal -2014 Dr. Rukhsana I Kureshy CSIR-CSMCRI

Special Award 2014 by the Materials Dr. Pushpito K Ghosh CSIR-CSMCRI Research Society of India (MRSI)

Distinguished Lecturership Award 2014 by the Dr. Suresh Das CSIR- NIIST Materials Research Society of India (MRSI)

Annual Prize 2014 by the Materials Research Dr. Navin Chandra CSIR- AMPRI Society of India (MRSI) Dr. VPS Awana CSIR-NPL Dr. Goutam De CSIR-CGCRI

VASVIK Award 2013 Dr. Pushpito K Ghosh CSIR-CSMCRI (Chemical Science & Technology)

ISCA Young Scientist Awards 2013-14 Dr. Vishal Acharya CSIR-IHBT

Shan-e-Himachal Award Dr. P.S. Ahuja CSIR-IHBT

V.Puri Memorial Award of Indian Dr. P.S. Ahuja CSIR-IHBT Science Congress-2014

ISO/IEC 27001:2005 certification Data Centre in the Digital CSIR-NISCAIR Resource Facility (DIRF)

National Bioscience Award-2012 Dr. Subarata Adak CSIR-IICB Dr. S. Venkata Mohan CSIR-IICT Dr. Munia Ganguli CSIR-IGIB

158 National Young Women Bioscience Award-2012 Dr. Saman Habib CSIR-CDRI National Geoscience Award-2012 Dr. Aninda Mazumdar CSIR-NIO Dr. Nimisha Vedanti CSIR-NGRI Dr Sanjay Kumar Roy CSIR-CIMFR Dr. Nilotpala Pradhan CSIR-IMMT Dr. B. Nagender Nath CSIR-NIO Leading Scientists of the World-2013 Dr. B.K. Nayak CSIR-IMMT Silver Medal by International Biographical Centre, Cambridge, UK Fellow, Association of Food Scientists Dr. KSMS Raghavarao CSIR-CFTRI and Technologists (India), Mysore Fellow of National Academy Dr. KSMS Raghavarao CSIR-CFTRI Agricultural Sciences, India Dr. Shylaja M Dharmesh CSIR-CFTRI Fellow, Institute of Engineers, India Dr. Anandaramakrishnan C CSIR-CFTRI INSA Young Scientist Medal - 2013 Dr. Susanta Kar CSIR-CDRI Dr. Rajeev Saraswat CSIR-NIO Dr. A.K. Trivedi CSIR-CDRI IEI Young Engineers Award Dr. Sivaprakas S. CSIR-CMERI JEC Asia Innovation Award-2013 Team CSIR-NAL CSIR-NAL JC Bose Medal (2013) from INSA Dr. P.K. Das CSIR-IICB DST-Lockheed Martin India Innovation CSIR-NEERI CSIR-NEERI Growth Programm-2013 “Hand-pump Attachable Iron Removal System” selected Fellow –of the Andhra Pradesh (FAPAS)-2014 Dr. J. Raghava Rao CSIR-CLRI Akademi of Science IUR Research Award-International Union Dr. K.J. Sreeram CSIR-CLRI of Leather Technologies and Chemists Societies (IULTCS) Congress, Turkey, 2013 Dr. Om Prakash Bhasin Award, 2013 Dr. Girish Sahni CSIR-IMTECH Fellow- Academy of Environmental Biology-2013 Dr. Poonam Kakkar CSIR-IITR Fellow- Society of Toxicology (India)-2013 Dr. Vimay K. Khanna CSIR-IITR Fellow- Indian Virology Society-2013 Dr. S.K. Raj CSIR-NBRI National Award for Ocean Science and Technology Dr. SWA Naqvi CSIR-NIO JC Bose National Fellowship Dr. V.P. Rao CSIR-NIO Most Admired Organization in Oil & Gas Team CSIR-IIP CSIR-IIP Sector at the National Energy Excellence Awards 2013

159 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014 Annexure-II Human Resource Development Various specialized training courses were conducted by the CSIR laboratories/institute to benefit the industry, academia and the students. Details are given below: CSIR-4PI The Institute trained 75 students under Student Programme for Advancement in Research Knowledge (SPARK). A Five day Workshop on Inverse Problems and Applications (With Special Emphasis on High Dimensional Data Assimilation) was organized. Workshop in collaboration with TERI, Bengaluru on Harnessing Improved Weather and Climate Information for Renewable Energy Generation under Public Sector Linkages Program was organized during 13-22 May 2013. CSIR-AMPRI Provided training to 34 Post Graduate Level (M.Sc., M.Tech). students in the areas of CAD, Civil Engineering, Industrial Microbiology, Nano technology, Biotechnology, Chemical Engineering, and Material Sciences etc. CSIR-CCMB CCMB-LaCONES, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun and Central Zoo Authority, New Delhi jointly conducted a Workshop on “Conservation Breeding of Endangered Species by Zoological Parks – Development of Species Recovery and Conservation Breeding Plan”, July 8-12, 2013. CSIR-CDRI A hands-on workshop was organized in Flow Cytometry on 29th April to 1st May, 2013. Six participants from various institutes of India attended this advanced training. A workshop was conducted on “Protein Identification by Mass Spectrometry” from 24th-26th July, 2013. Organized a Workshop on the applications of Direct Analysis in real time Mass Spectrometry techniques from 24th-25th September 2013 for 18 participants. More than 130 Post-graduate students from about 50 Colleges/Universities from all over the country were imparted training in various disciplines of drugs and pharmaceutical research of 4-10 months duration. Under international bilateral cooperation, two fellows from abroad were imparted short term training. CECRI CSIR-CECRI runs a unique 4-year B.Tech. course in Chemical and Electrochemical Engineering supported by Anna University. Conducted in-house special training programme on electroplating at Client’s site at Indo-US MIM Tech. Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore. 30 participants benefited from the training course. Two training programmes were also conducted for air bus industries and TAFE Industries. CSIR-CEERI Long term Trainings (6 months and above) were provided to 168 BE/B.Tech,/MCA/ ME/M.Tech/M.Sc. students from various academic institutions. Practical trainings were also provided to 15 PG and 544 UG students. CSIR-CFTRI Conducts two year fulltime M.Sc. Food Technology programme, imparting training in specialized areas of Food Science and Technology. The students get equipped with the basic and applied aspects of Food Science and Technology with a hands-on training. Food industries in the country has gained with the training of quality professionals from the Institute. During the year 22 students got admission for the course. Short-term courses ( 38 Nos.) and One Certificate course in Milling were conducted. About 800 participants were benefitted from these courses.

160 CSIR-CGCRI At the sponsorship of Rural Non Farm Development Agency (RUDA), Jaipur two programme on “Lead Free Frit” and “Glaze Making” were conducted. About 35 participants attended the programme. A Training & Demonstration programme on Physico-Chemical Analysis of Ceramic Raw Materials was conducted from April 29 to May 3, 2013 to cater the physico-chemical analysis requirements of ceramic industry in and around Gujarat. Naroda Outreach Centre of CSIR-CGCRI undertook the programme from June 24 to July, 03, 2013 to train the Instructors/Artisans engaged in terracotta pottery. 63 trainees from IITs(12), NITs(16), ISM, Jadavpur University, Calcutta University, Bengal Engineering Science University, Cochin University of Science & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology and a score of reputed government and private engineering institutions completed their summer internship during 4th July to 3rd August 2014. CSIR-CIMAP A two-day Training programme was organized, in which 13 local Science teachers participated. CLRI B.Tech Leather Technology, M.Tech Leather Technology. M.Tech Footwear Science & Engineering, and Ph.D are being conducted in collaboration with Anna University. 43 students in B.Tech Leather Technology, one in M.Tech Leather Technology. Three in M.Tech Footwear Science & Engineering, and 21 students in Ph.D participated in the courses. Also conducts PG Diploma and Diploma in leather processing goods/garments/ footwear. Total of 53 students got benefitted from these diploma courses. Also conducted specialized training programmes for Executives/Entrepreneurs and training programmes for International collaboration/participation. 50 participants were benefited from the training. Also project internships were provide to 90 students. CSIR-CRRI The Institute conducted customer oriented programmes to meet the specific training requirements of the user agencies. During the year, the Institute conducted following customer oriented training programmes: Organized training programmes for the engineers involved in PMGSY (six batches); Organized training programmes on Flexible and Rigid Pavements for Rural Roads under PMGSY( two batches); Two special Training Programmes on Highway Development and Management (HDM-4) were organized, which were attended by the participants from Tanzania and Sri Lanka in addition to India. Organized a training programme on “Quality Control and Quality Assurance for Roads and Bridges” for the young engineers of PWD, Govt. of Uttarakhand. Imparted trainings on “Geotechnical Engineering an Environment Management Aspect” for 30 students of University of Science & Technology and RIST, Meghalaya in two batches. CSIR-CSIO Indo-Swiss Training Centre (ISTC) constituent unit of CSIR-CSIO imparts high grade technical training through AICTE approved courses viz. Three-Year Diploma in Instrument Technology; Four-Year Advanced Diploma in Mechatronics & Industrial Automation; Four-Year Advanced Diploma in Die & Mould Making. 70 students graduated in these courses from the ISTC during the year.

161 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

Conducts M.Tech (Mechatronics) together with Bengal Engineering and Science University (BESU) Shibpur and CSIR-CMERI, Durgapur. Management Development Programmes (MDP) on “Operation Maintenance & Repair of Equipment”: The specialized training is imparted to foreign delegates under Indian Technical and Economic Co-operation (ITEC) and Special Commonwealth African Assistance Plan (SCAAP). Three MDPs of eight weeks duration each on Analytical Instruments, Bio-Medical Instruments and Optical/ ophthalmic Instruments were conducted and about 50 participants from developing countries attended the programmes during the year. CSIR-CSMCRI Conducted training programmes for marginal salt workers of various clusters on improved method for recovery of high purity salt. CSIR-IICT CSIR-IICT organized a three day Refresher Course on Processing and Analytical Methodologies of Oils and Fats during Feb 24-26, 2014. On request of National Oilseeds and Vegetable Oil Development Board (NOVOD Board) CSIR-IICT validated two methods namely “Protocol for Detection and Quantification of Cocoa Butter Equivalent in Dark Chocolate (ISO 23275)” and “Detection and Quantification of Cocoa Butter Equivalent in Milk Chocolate (EUR 22666N)”. Hands-on training to representatives of Central Food Laboratories and Chocolate manufacturing industries were also provided. CSIR-IGIB CSIR-IGIB runs an innovative multidisciplinary course work in the area of integrative biology. 32 Ph.D. Students from ACBR and other CSIR institutes availed the PhD coursework. More than 169 Students from various Universities/Institutes got summer training/project training to make them aware of the modern techniques used in biotechnology and towards partial fulfillment of their degree course. 12 Guest workers from different institutes/collaborators were also trained for specific modern techniques. CSIR-IHBT Imparted various trainings like: • Methods of bamboo propagation and utilization; Value added edible bamboo products; Making of bamboo candies; • Improved production technologies for natural sweetner plant stevia; Commercially important cut-flower crops; • Sustainable utilization of regional bioresources for enhancing livelihood options on medicinal, aromatic and floriculture plant production and utilization techniques to rural community; • Mushroom cultivations, a viable option for supplementing income; and • Management tea plantations for improving their productivity and quality. More than 300 farmers / villagers were benefitted from these trainings. CSIR-IIIM CSIR-IIIM organized many on-campus and off-campus training-cum-awareness programmes including mega events like “Kissan Meala, Flower Show and Entrepreneurship Programme”, “J&K Aroma Festival“ and “Lavender Festival”. About 2000 farmers/growers/entrepreneurs participated in these events.

162 CSIR-IIP IIP conducted 13 training courses on various subjects like Petroleum Refining Technology, Operation and Maintenance of CFR Engines, Automotive Lubricants, Heat Exchanger Design and Troubleshooting, Vehicular Pollution and Solvent Extraction. These course were attended by 305 participants from Indian and foreign refineries such as Indian Oil, Reliance Industries, Chennai Petroleum, Hindustan Petroleum, Bharat Petroleum, Numaligarh Refinery, Kochi Refinery, Essar Oil, Kenyan Petroleum Refineries, Mangalore Refinery etc. CSIR-IITR Various trainings on “Pesticide Residue Analysis”, “Assessment of Water Quality”, “Assessment of Ambient Air Quality”, “Animal Care and Breeding” and “Acute Toxicology Studies” were conducted. CSIR-IMMT CSIR-IMMT conducts a one year Post-Graduate Diploma in Mineral Engineering (PGDME) for both sponsored and non-sponsored candidates. During the year eight students have been taken admission. Imparted short-term training of 3-6 months duration to 150 students of M.Sc./ M.Tech./ B.E./ B.Tech students of different Institutes/Universities. A three day technical course on “Issue related to processing of Bauxite” was organized with IIME. In Total 23 NALCO executives participated in the course. CSIR-NAL During the year a total of 82 batches comprising 537 students from BE/B.Tech, ME/M.Tech, MCA of VTU Bangalore University and other outside state universities were imparted project related training. The period of the project work varies from 3- 6 months. CSIR-NBRI Two training programmes were organized on Dry Flower Technology, during the year for special category and hearing impaired students. 80 students participated in the trainings. Two one-day workshop on dehydrated floral crafts technology were under CSIR-Rural Development programme. Seventy three participants were provided hands on training to develop confidence regarding adoptability of the technique. Also organized a Faculty Motivation programme for science teachers in which 13 teachers/ lecturers participated. CSIR-NEERI Various training programs were organized to strengthen the knowledge on water quality monitoring, and surveillance including advance instrumentation related to: field and laboratory practices for onsite and offsite monitoring of water quality to meet the statutory requirements; analysis and interpretation of water quality data; water quality data management advanced understanding in water quality assessments and treatment technologies; and capacity building on water resources management. Six training programmes were organized during the year in which 239 participants from various public health engineering departments took part. CSIR-NEIST The institute provided multi-theme and multi-level training programmes like: summer training, industrial training, practical training, dissertation etc. of the duration from one month to one year. During the period 161 students were provide training. Under trade apprentice training programme 9 ITI qualified candidates were provided training in various trades.

163 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

CSIR-NIO During the year provided training to total 175 students including three Internship for Foreign students and 79 Summer internship of Indian students. Conducted six training programmes in various field like Long Hydrography offshore industrial surveying, Analytical Tools, Bioinformatics and Multidisciplinary Oceanographic Observations for Coastal Zone Management. Around 100 participant were benefitted from these trainings. CSIR-NISCAIR Conducted two short term courses of five weeks duration on “IT for Information Management” and “Office Automation”. Seven courses of five day duration were also conducted on Bibliometric, Library Automation, and Science Communication. A total of 14 batched were conducted for 9 different programmes, 184 participants attended these programmes. CSIR-SERC An Advanced course titled ‘Seismic Response Control and Damage Mitigation Methodologies for Buildings and Structures’ was conducted for researchers/designers/academicians/students towards capacity building during 19-21 February 2014. About 72 participants from government organizations, public sector organizations, private sector organizations, academicians, research scholars and students attended and benefited from the course. An Advanced Course on Sustainable Engineered Concrete (SECON 2014) was organized at CSIR-SERC during 5 - 7 February, 2014. The course was attended by 70 participants from different parts of the country, comprising of academicians, research scholars, students and practising engineers from public and private sector organizations. A three days in-house workshop was organized for the faculty and PG students of Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology (CBIT), Hyderabad during 28-30, January 2014. 10 students and 3 faculty members participated in this workshop and got benefited in their capacity building. An Advanced course on “Nondestructive testing and evaluation of concrete structures” for RDSO engineers was organized during 26 - 30 August 2013. More than 20 Engineers from RDSO participated.

164 Annexure-III

CSIR Patent Applications Filed and Patents Granted during 2013-2014

India Abroad Filed Granted Filed Granted CSIR-AMPRI 3 3 0 0 CSIR-CBRI 0 0 0 0 CSIR-CCMB 1 0 4 10 CSIR-CDRI 9 5 14 12 CSIR-CECRI 4 2 13 6 CSIR-CEERI 4 0 2 0 CSIR-CFTRI 3 13 0 7 CSIR-CGCRI 6 1 3 1 CSIR-CIMAP 1 1 2 6 CSIR-CIMFR 3 6 0 6 CSIR-CLRI 13 6 2 0 CSIR-CMERI 2 2 0 1 CSIR-CRRI 1 0 2 0 CSIR-CSIO 1 4 0 3 CSIR-Schemes 2 1 4 21 CSIR-CSMCRI 10 1 60 70 CSIR-4PI 1 0 1 0 CSIR-IGIB 0 2 8 1 CSIR-IHBT 1 2 15 7 CSIR-IICB 1 1 11 5 CSIR-IICT 9 7 27 55 CSIR-IIIM 7 0 3 13 CSIR-IIP 11 5 7 18 CSIR-IITR 1 0 0 2 CSIR-IMMT 6 3 5 4 CSIR-IMTECH 6 1 5 9 CSIR-NAL 1 2 2 1 CSIR-NBRI 2 0 3 7 CSIR-NCL 122 10 115 65 CSIR-NEERI 1 2 11 1 CSIR-NEIST 4 2 4 4 CSIR-NGRI 0 0 0 8 CSIR-NIIST 3 4 15 10 CSIR-NIO 1 2 0 7 CSIR-NMITLI 0 0 5 4 CSIR-NML 14 2 0 0 CSIR-NPL 8 2 5 9 CSIR-SERC 1 0 1 0 Total 263 92 349 373

165 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014 Annexure-IIIA Foreign Patents Granted to CSIR during 2013-2014 Sno. Country Patent No. Title of invention Inventors CSIR-CCMB 1 Australia 2006322972 Nucleic Acids and Methods for Ravi Maruthachalam, Mohan Producing Seeds Having a full Prem Anand Marimuthu, Diploid Complement of the Imran Siddiqi Maternal Genome in the Embryo 2 China ZL200680052139.4 Nucleic Acids and Methods for Ravi Maruthachalam, Mohan Producing Seeds Having a full Prem Anand Marimuthu, Diploid Complement of the Imran Siddiqi Maternal Genome in the Embryo 3 Germany 1373558 Universal Primers to Establish Verma Sunil Kumar, Singh the Identity of Animal Parts and Lalji Products 4 European 1373558 Universal Primers to Establish Verma Sunil Kumar, Singh Patent office the Identity of Animal Parts and Lalji Products 5 France 1373558 Universal Primers to Establish Verma Sunil Kumar, Singh the Identity of Animal Parts and Lalji Products 6 United 1373558 Universal Primers to Establish Verma Sunil Kumar, Singh Kingdom the Identity of Animal Parts and Lalji Products 7 Ireland 1373558 Universal Primers to Establish Verma Sunil Kumar, Singh the Identity of Animal Parts and Lalji Products 8 Netherlands 1373558 Universal Primers to Establish Verma Sunil Kumar, Singh the Identity of Animal Parts and Lalji Products 9 Turkey TR200909478B Nucleic Acids and Methods for Ravi Maruthachalam, Mohan Producing Seeds Having a full Prem Anand Marimuthu, Diploid Complement of the Imran Siddiqi Maternal Genome in the Embryo 10 United States 8563306 Tumor Model System Useful to Jinka; Rajeswari, of America Study Multistage Cancer Pande; Gopal Csir-cdri 11 African AP2633 Novel Hydroxy Functionalized Chandan Singh,Ved Prakash Regional 1,2,4-trioxanes and Their Verma, Sunil Kumar Puri Intellectual Derivatives Useful as Antimal Property arial Agents and a Process for Organization the Preparation thereof

166 12 Canada 2584709 Oxy Substituted Flavones/ Ram Pratap, Mavurapu Chalcones as Antihyperglycemic Satyanarayana, and Antidyslipidemic Agents Chandeshwar Nath, Ram Raghubir, Anju Puri, Ramesh Chander, Priti Tiwari, Brajendra K 13 Switzerland 2057137 Antidiabetic and Ram Pratap, Himanshu Antidyslipidemic Activities of Singh, Alok Kumar Verma, S-(+)-7-[3 – Substituted Amar Bahadur Singh, Priti Amino-2-Hydroxypropoxy] Tiwari, Mukesh Srivastava, Flavones Arvind Kumar Srivasta 14 Germany 2057137 Antidiabetic and Ram Pratap, Himanshu Antidyslipidemic Activities of Singh, Alok Kumar Verma, S-(+)-7-[3 – Substituted Amar Bahadur Singh, Priti Amino-2-Hydroxypropoxy] Tiwari, Mukesh Srivastava, Flavones Arvind Kumar Srivasta 15 European 2057137 Antidiabetic and Ram Pratap, Himanshu Patent office Antidyslipidemic Activities of Singh, Alok Kumar Verma, S-(+)-7-[3 – Substituted Amar Bahadur Singh, Priti Amino-2-Hydroxypropoxy] Tiwari, Mukesh Srivastava, Flavones Arvind Kumar Srivasta 16 European 2400957 Polymeric Nanomatrix Prabhat Ranjan Mishra, Ritu Patent office Associated Delivery of Trivedi, Girish Kumar Gupta, Kaempferol in Rats to Improve Avinash Kumar, Varsha its Osteogenic Action Gupta, Srikanta Kumar Rath, Kamini Srivastava, Naibedya Chattopadhyay, Anil Kumar Dwivedi 17 Pain 2057137 Antidiabetic and Ram Pratap, Himanshu Singh Antidyslipidemic Activities of Alok Kumar Verma, Amar S-(+)-7-[3 N-Substituted Amino Bahadur Singh, Priti Tiwari, -2-Hydroxypropoxyl Flavones Mukesh Srivastava, Arvind Kumar Srivasta 18 France 2057137 Antidiabetic and Ram, Pratap, Himanshu Antidyslipidemic Activities of S- Singh, Alok Kumar Verma, (+)-7-[3 N- Substituted Amino- Amar Bahadur Singh, Priti 2-Hydroxypropoxyl Flavones Tiwari, Mukesh Srivastava, Arvind Kumar Srivasta 19 United 2057137 Antidiabetic Ram Pratap, Himanshu Kingdom Antidyslipidemic Activities of Singh, Alok Kumar Verma, S-(+)-7-[3N-Substituted Amino- Amar Bahadur Singh, Priti 2-Hydroxypropoxyl Flavones Tiwari, Mukesh Srivastava, Arvind Kumar Srivasta 20 Ghana Ghp00006 Novel Substituted Bis-1, 2, 4- Chandan Singh, Ved Prakash, Trioxanes, Useful as Antimalarial Sunil Kumar Puri Agents, and a Process for the Preparation there of

167 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

21 United States 8669232 Flavonol Compounds, a Maurya; Rakesh, Rawat; of America Bioactive Extract/Fraction from Preeti, Sharan; Ulmus Wallichiana and its Kunal, Siddiqui; Compounds for Prevention for Jawed Akhtar, Treatmen of Osteo-Health Swarnkar; Related Disorders Gaurav, Mishra; Geetanjali, Manickavasagam; Lakshmi, Jain; Girish Kumar, Arya; Kamal Ram, Chattopadhyay; Naibedya

22 United States 8496964 Controlled Release Micro- Mishra; Prabhat Ranjan, of America Capsule for Osteogenic Action Trivedi; Ritu, Gupta; Girish Kumar, Kumar; Avinash, Gupta Varsha, Rath; Srikanta Kumar, Srivastava; Kamini, Chattopadhyay; Naibedya, Dwivedi; Anil Kumar

CSIR-CECRI

23 China ZL200880113509.x An Alternative Proton Conducting Ashok Kumar Shukla, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Sethuraman Pitchumani, and its Application to Fuel Parthasarathi Sridhar, Cells Akhila Sahu, Ganesh Selvarani, Prashant Subhash Khadke

24 China ZL200980113419.5 New Types of Self-Supported Ashok Kumar Shukla, Polymeric Hybrid-Membranes Sethuraman Pitchumani, for Air Humidification in Parthasarathi Sridhar, Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Santoshkumar Dattatray Bhat, Stacks Ayyappan Manokaran, Akhila Kumar Sahu

25 European 2201636 An Alternative Proton Ashok Kumar Shukla, Patent Office Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Sethuraman Pitchumani, Membrane and its Application Parthasarathi Sridhar, Akhila to Fuel Cells Sahu, Ganesh Selvarani, Prashant Subhash Khadke

26 France 2201636 An Alternative Proton Ashok Kumar Shukla, Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Sethuraman Pitchumani, Membrane and its Application Parthasarathi Sridhar, Akhila to Fuel Cells Sahu, Ganesh Selvarani, Prashant Subhash Khadke

168 27 Japan 5260058 A Low-Cost Lead-Acid Battery Ashok Kumar Shukla, with High Specific Energy Surendra Kumar Martha, Bellie Hariprakash, Shaik Abdul Gaffoor, Dinesh Chandra Trivedi 28 South Korea 10-1272879 A Low-Cost Lead-Acid Battery Ashok Kumar Shukla, with High Specific Energy Surendra Kumar Martha, Bellie Hariprakash, Shaik Abdul Gaffoor, Dinesh Chandra Trivedi CSIR-CFTRI 29 African AP2798 A Process for the Production of Manchanahalli Sh. Meera, Regional Shelf Stable Improved Flour Syed Z. Ali, Hampapura Intellectual from Sorghum and Pearl Millet V. Narasimha, Mandayam Property K. Bhashyam, Anathachar Organization Srinivas, Baragi V. Rao 30 Brazil PI0200950-1 A Process for Preparation of Raghavan B, Ramalakshmi K, Sugarcane Juice Powder Borse Bbr, Ramesh Mn, Prakash V 31 Indonesia IBP0033781 A Formulation for Preparing a Nugge Halli Porridge Mix Containing Sampathkumarachar Defatted Soy Flour with Susheelamma, Mysore Improved Sensory Quality Ramaswamy Asha, Kodangala Keshava Bhat 32 Indonesia IDP0034188b A Process for the Preparation Jena BS, Jayaprakasha GK, of Antioxidants from Dillenia Singh RP, Sakariah KK Indica 33 Sri Lanka 14139 A Process for the Preparation Mysore Nanjarajurs of Jelly from Custard Apple Shashirekha, Somasundram Rajarathnam, Munuswamy Ramanujam Vijayalakshmi, Revathy Baskaran 34 Malaysia MY-148474-a A Process for the Preservation Kulathooran Ramalakshmi, of Coconut Sap (NEERA) Mysore Nagarajarao Ramesh, Bashyam Raghavan & Vishweshwaraiah Prakash 35 Philippines 12005501022 A Process for the Preparation Jena BS, Jayaprakasha GK, of Antioxidants from Dillenia Singh RP, Sakariah KK Indica Csir-cgcri 36 United States 8649650 Method for Fabricating Rare Sen; Ranjan, of America Earth (RE) Doped Optical Fiber Dhar; Anirban, Using a New Codopant Paul; Mukul Chandra, Maiti; Himadri Sekhar

169 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

CSIR-CIMAP

37 Australia 2006340617 Improved Process for the Singh Anil Kumar, Suman Isolation of 'Calliterpenone' a Preet Singh Khanuja, Sudeep Natural Plant Growth Promoting Tandon, Kalra Alok, Sahoo Phyllocladane Ditterpenoid Deeptanjali, Kahol Atul from Genus Callicarpa Prakash, Gupta Madan Mohan, Verma Ram Kishor, Kukreja Arun Kumar, Alam Mansoor, Bagchi Guru Das, Bansal Ravi Prakash, Darokar Mahendra Pandurang, Gupta Anil Kumar

38 Canada 2480284 Use of the Root Extract of Khanuja; Suman Preet Singh; Vetiveria Zizanioides in Curing Srivastava; Suchi; Kumar; Fluoroquinolone and Tiruppadiripuliyur Multi Drug Resistant Bacterial Ranganathan Santha; Infections Gupta; Madan Mohan; Tripathy; Arvind Kumar; Singh; Monika; Bahl; Janak Raj; Lal; Raj Kishori; Darokar; Mahendra Pandurang; Shasany; Ajit Kumar; Kumar; Sushil

39 European 1732875 An Improved Economical Srivastava Santosh Kumar; Patent office Process for the Isolation of Khan Merajuddin; Hepatoprotective Agent Khanuja Suman Preet Singh Oleanolic Acid from Lantana Camara

40 Indonesia IDP000035115 Immunomodulatory Khanuja Suman Preet Singh, Pharmaceutical Composition Pal Anirban, Chattopadhyay Comprising a Combination of Sunil Kumar, Darokar Three Coumarinolignoids and Mahendra Pandurang, a Process for Preparation Patel Rajendra Prasad, Gupta There of Anil Kumar, Negi Arvind Singh, Kaur Tanpreet, Tandon Sudeep, Kahol Atul Prakash, Garg Ankur

41 Indonesia IDP0034051b A Formulation Useful as a Kumar D, Shukla YN, Natural Herbal Insect Repellent Tewari S, Bansal RP Bahl JR, and a Method for the Kumar S, Preparation Thereof

170 42 United States 8633242 Benzylidene Indanones and Negi; Arvind Singh, of America Processes for Preparation and Prakasham; Ayyampudur use Thereof Palanisamy, Saxena; Ajit Kumar, Luqman; Suaib, Chanda; Debabrata, Kaur; Tandeep, Gupta; Atul

CSIR-CIMFR

43 Germany 1615873 A Method of Extraction of Kumares Chandra Bit Dimethylphthalate

44 European 1615873 A Method of Extraction of Kumares Chandra Bit Patent office Dimethylphthalate

45 France 1615873 A Method of Extraction of Kumares Chandra Bit Dimethylphthalate

46 United 1615873 A Method of Extraction of Kumares Chandra Bit Kingdom Dimethylphthalate

47 Poland 1615873 A Method of Extraction of Kumares Chandra Bit Dimethylphthalate

48 United States 8587414 Wireless Information and Bandyopadhyay; Lakshmi of America Safety System for Mines Kanta, Chaulya; Swades Kumar, Mishra; Pankaj Kumar

CSIR-CMERI

49 United States 8422130 Portable Magnifying Instrument Ghosh; Uday Sankar, of America Useful for Colposcopy Gangopadhyay; Tapas, Alam; Munshi Amirul, Karmakar; Sankar, Banerjee; Mihir Kumar, Chatterjee; Gour Chandra

CSIR-CSIO

50 Canada 2559100 Improved Fake Currency Murli Manohar Joshi, Detector Using Integrated Ram Prakash Bajpai, Transmission And Reflective Gautam Mitra, Harish Kumar Spectral Response Sardana, Hari Naryan Bhargaw, Saroj Batra

51 South Korea 10-1297702 Improved Fake Currency Murli Manohar Joshi, Detector using Integrated Ram Prakash Bajpai, Transmission and Reflective Gautam Mitra, Harish Kumar Spectral Response Sardana, Hari Naryan Bhargaw, Saroj Batra

171 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

52 South Korea 10-1333278 Improved Fake Currency Murli Manohar Joshi, Detector using Visual and Ram Prakash Bajpai, Automated Integrated Reflective Gautam Mitra, Harish Kumar Spectral Response Sardana, Hari Naryan Bhargaw, Saroj Batra

SCHEMES

53 Germany 2188301 Novel Steroidal Esters of 17- Tilak Raj Bhardwaj, Manoj Oximino-5-androsten-3beta-ol Kumar, Neelima Dhingra, Neeraj Mehta

54 Germany 2188245 Nitric Esters Having a Tilak Raj Bhardwaj, Manoj Pharmacological Activity and Kumar, Neeraj Mehta, Process for their Preparation Neelima Dhingra

55 Germany 2240602 Molecular Markers for Kumaravel Somasundaram, Identification of Astrocytoma Pataru Kondaiah, and its Grades Vani Santosh, Anandh Balasubramaniam, Alangar Sathyaranjandas Hegde, Bangalore Ashwathnarayanarao Chandramouli, Manchanahalli Rangaswamy Sathyanarayana Rao

56 European 2188245 Nitric Esters Having a Tilak Raj Bhardwaj, Patent office Pharmacological Activity and Manoj Kumar, Neeraj Mehta, Process for their Preparation Neelima Dhingra

57 European 2188301 Novel Steroidal Esters of 17- Tilak Raj Bhardwaj, Manoj Patent office Oximino-5-androsten-3beta-ol Kumar, Neelima Dhingra, Neeraj Mehta

58 European 2240602 Molecular Markers for Kumaravel Somasundaram, Patent office Identification of Astrocytoma Pataru Kondaiah, and its Grades Vani Santosh, Anandh Balasubramaniam, Alangar Sathyaranjandas Hegde, Bangalore Ashwathnarayanarao Chandramouli, Manchanahalli Rangaswamy Sathyanarayana Rao

59 Spain 2188301 Novel Steroidal Esters of 17- Tilak Raj Bhardwaj, Manoj Oximino-5-androsten-3beta-ol Kumar, Neelima Dhingra, Neeraj Mehta

172 60 Spain 2188245 Nitric Esters Having a Tilak Raj Bhardwaj, Manoj Pharmacological Activity and Kumar, Neeraj Mehta, Process for their Preparation Neelima Dhingra 61 France 2240602 Molecular Markers for Kumaravel Somasundaram, Identification of Astrocytoma Pataru Kondaiah, and its Grades Vani Santosh, Anandh Balasubramaniam, Alangar Sathyaranjandas Hegde, Bangalore Ashwathnarayanarao Chandramouli, Manchanahalli Rangaswamy Sathyanarayana Rao 62 France 2188301 Novel Steroidal Esters of 17- Tilak Raj Bhardwaj, Manoj oximino-5-androsten-3beta-ol Kumar, Neelima Dhingra, Neeraj Mehta 63 France 2188245 Nitric Esters Having a Tilak Raj Bhardwaj, Manoj Pharmacological Activity and Kumar, Neeraj Mehta, Process for their Preparation Neelima Dhingra 64 United 2188301 Novel Steroidal Esters of 17- Tilak Raj Bhardwaj, Manoj Kingdom Oximino-5-androsten-3beta-ol Kumar, Neelima Dhingra, Neeraj Mehta 65 United 2240602 Molecular Markers for Kumaravel Somasundaram, Kingdom Identification of Astrocytoma Pataru Kondaiah, and its Grades Vani Santosh, Anandh Balasubramaniam, Alangar Sathyaranjandas Hegde, Bangalore Ashwathnarayanarao Chandramouli, Manchanahalli Rangaswamy Sathyanarayana Rao 66 United 2188245 Nitric Esters Having a Tilak Raj Bhardwaj, Kingdom Pharmacological Activity and Manoj Kumar, Neeraj Mehta, Process for their Preparation Neelima Dhingra 67 Italy 2188245 Nitric Esters Having a Tilak Raj Bhardwaj, Pharmacological Activity and Manoj Kumar, Neeraj Mehta, Process for their Preparation Neelima Dhingra 68 Italy 2188301 Novel Steroidal Esters of 17- Tilak Raj Bhardwaj, Manoj Oximino-5-Androsten-3beta-ol Kumar, Neelima Dhingra, Neeraj Mehta 69 Japan 5238504 Synthesis of Some Imidazolyl Ranju Bansal, Sheetal Substituted Steroidal and Guleria, Gaurav Narang, Nonsteroidal Rolf W. Hartmann (Indanone and Tetralone) Derivatives as Potent Aromatase Inhibitors

173 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

70 Philippines PH/1/2008/500403 Development of New Grades Golok Bihari Nando, of Rubbers by Grafting with Tiruchanur Vikram Metaalkenyl Phenols and its Derivatives 71 Russia 2498561 Tandem Cropping of two Food Sushil Kumar Grains in the Winter Season Agroclimate of the Indo- gangetic Plains Area for Increased Production of Wheat and Mustard 72 United States 8671615 Method of Tandem Cropping Sushil Kumar of America for Increased Production of Food Grain Crops 73 United States 8435975 Steroidal Esters of 17-Oximino- Tilak Raj Bhardwaj, Manoj of America 5-Androsten-3beta-ol Kumar, Neelima Dhingra, Neeraj Mehta CSIR-CSMCRI 74 African AP002671 Herbal Extracts of Salicornia Meena Rajnikanth Regional Species, Process of Preparation Rathod, Bhupendra Intellectual There of, use there of Against Dhanvantrai Shethia, Jayant Property Tuberculosis Batukrai Pandya, Pushpito Organization Kumar Ghosh, Prakash Jagjivanbhai D 75 Austria 1996680 An Improved Process for Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl Subbarayappa Adimurthy, Ester (Biodiesel) From Jatropha Mahesh Ramnikbhai Gandhi, Curcas Oil Nilesh Kumar, Kanjibhai Vaghela, Meena Rajnikant Rathod, Bhupendra Dhanvantrai Shethia, Jayant Batukrai Pandya, Rajendra Amrutlal Parmar, Prakash Jagjivanbhai Dodia, Mehul Ghanshyambhai Patel, Dahyabhai Revabhai Parmar, Sanat Natawarlal Patel 76 Australia 2008346088 100-500 Um Size Spherical Indrajit Mukhopadhyay, Sodium Chloride Having Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Improved Flow and Process of Vadakke Puthoor Mohandas Preparation from Brine Thereof 77 Australia 2007301436 Preparation of Organic-Inorganic Syed Hasan Razi Abdi, Hybrid Chiral Rukhsana Ilyas Kureshy, Noor-ul Hasan Khan, Raksh Vir Jasra, Vishal Jitendrabhai Mayani, Santosh A

174 78 Australia 2008346089 An Improved Process of Arvind Kumar, Pushpito Preparation of Common Salt of Kumar Ghosh, Vadakke High Purity ffrom Brines in Solar Puthoor Mohandas, Indrajit Salt Pans Mukhopadhyay, Jignesh Jasvantraj Shukla, Rahul Jasvantrai Sanghavi 79 Australia 2008348619 Improved Process for the Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Preparation of Lodate- Mahesh Ramaniklal Gandhi, Exchanged Synthetic Satish Hariray Mehta, Hydrotalcite as Iodizing Agent Gadde Ramachandraiah, with Zero Effluent Discharge Jatin Rameshchandra Chunawala, Mrinal Vinodbhai Sheth, Girirajsinh Sabalsinh Gohil 80 Belgium 2475754 Novel Process for the Ghosh Pushpito Kumar, Preparation of Mishra Sandhya Chandrika Polyhydroxyalkanoate and High Prasad, Gandhi Mahesh Density Shell Briquette Ramniklal, Upadhyay Integrated with Improved Sumesh Chandra, Process of Production of Methyl Paul Parimal, Anand Pritpal Ester from Whole Seed Singh, Popat Kiritkumar Capsule of Jatropha Curcas Mangaldas, Shrivastav Anupama Vijaykumar, Mishra Sanjiv Kumar, Neelam Ondhiya, Maru Ramesh Dudabhai, Dyal Gangadharan, Brahmbhatt Harshad, Borisha Vinod, Doongar Ram Chaudhary, Babulal Rebary, Krushnadevsinh Sukhdevsinh Zala 81 Belgium 1996680 An Improved Process for Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl Subbarayappa Adimurthy, Ester (Biodiesel) from Jatropha Mahesh Ramnikbhai Curcas Oil Gandhi, Nilesh Kumar Kanjibhai Vaghela, Meena Rajnikant Rathod, Bhupendra Dhanvantrai Shethia, Jayant Batukrai Pandya, Rajendra Amrutlal Parmar, Prakash Jagjivanbhai Dodia, Mehul Ghanshyambhai Patel, Dahyabhai Revabhai Parmar, Sanat Natawarlal Patel 82 Bulgaria 2242722 100-500 µm Size Spherical Indrajit Mukhopadhyay, Sodium Chloride Having Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Improved Flow and Process of Vadakke Puthoor Mohandas Preparation from Brine Thereof

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83 Brazil PI 0318682-2 B1 Process for Production of Parthasarathi Dastidar, Glycine Micronutrient-Enriched Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Nacl Crystals with near Amar Ballabh, Darskak Spherical Shape and Improved Rameshbhai Trivedi, Amitava Flow Characteristics Pramanik, Velayudhan Nai 84 Canada 2577415 Herbal Extracts of Salicornia Meena Rajnikanth Rathod, Species, Process of Preparation Bhupendra Dhanvantrai Thereof, use Thereof Against Shethia, Jayant Batukrai Tuberculosis Pandya, Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Prakash Jagjivanbhai D 85 Canada 2592518 A Process for the Preparation Raksh Vir Jasra, of Amorphous Silica from Haresh Mahipatlal Mody, Kimberlite Tailings Hari Chand Bajaj, Rajesh Shantilal Somani, Jatin Shantilal Chunawala, Hema Nare 86 China ZL200880127465.6 Improved Process for the Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Preparation of Iodate- Mahesh Ramaniklal Gandhi, Exchanged Synthetic Satish Hariray Mehta, Hydrotalcite as Iodizing Agent Gadde Ramachandraiah, with Zero Effluent Discharge Jatin Rameshchandra Chunawala, Mrinal Vinodbhai Sheth, Girirajsinh Sabalsinh Gohil 87 China ZL201080050007.4 A Process for Integrated Kalpana Haresh Mody, Production of Ethanol and Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Seaweed Sap from Barindra Sana, Kappaphycus Alvarezil G Gnanasekaran, Atindra Dinkerray Shukla, K Eswaran, Harshad Ramanbhai Brahmbhatt, Bharatiben Gunavantray Shah, Sreekumaran Thampy, Bhavanath Jha 88 China ZL200680052178.4 An Improved Process for Ghosh Pushpito Kumar, Joshi Preparation of Magnesium Himanshi Labhshanker, Oxide Deraiya Hasina Hajibhai, Gandhi Maheshkumar Ramniklal, Dave Rohit Harshdrai, Langalia Kaushik Jethalal, Mohandas Vadakke Puthoor 89 China ZL200780044113.x Preparation of Organic- Syed Hasan Razi Abdi, inorganic Hybrid Chiral Rukhsana Llyas Kureshy, Sorbent Noor-Ul Hasan Khan, Raksh Vir Jasra, Vishal Jitendrabhai Mayani, Santosh A

176 90 China CN101500437b Nutritious, Tasty and Affordable Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Drink from Sap of Maheshchandra Kappaphycus alvarezii Seaweed Rameshchandra Rajyaguru, and its Preparation Thereof Jinalal Shambhubhai Patolia, Peddi Venkata Subbarao, Mukesh Tribhovanbhai Shah, Sudhakar Tukaram Zodape, Miss Sharda Vitthaldas Joshi, Alamuru Venkata Rami Reddy, Devmurari Chhaganlal Vithaldas, Sibdas Bandyopadhyay, Ganesh Chandra Sahoo 91 Germany 2411330 Integrated Process of Production Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, of Potassium Sulphate, Haresh Mahipatlal Mody, Magnesium Hydroxide and Jatin Rameshchandra Ammonium Sulfate from Chunawala, Maheshkumar Kainite Mixed Salt and Ramniklal Gandhi, Hari Ammonia Chand Bajaj, Pratyush Maiti, Himanshu Labhshanker Joshi, Hasina Hajibhai Deraiya, Upendra Padmakant Saraiya 92 Germany 2411030 Plant Extract for Treating anxiety Meena Rajnikant Rathod, Disorders Bhupendra Dhanvantrai Shethia, Jayant Batukrai Pandya, Prakash Jagjivanbhai Dodiya, Gautam Palit, Manavi Chatterjee, Shibani Sen Gupta, Ashok Kumar Agarwal, Vinay Kumar Khanna 93 Germany 1996680 An Improved Process for Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Preparationof Fatty Acid Methyl Subbarayappa Adimurthy, Ester (Biodiesel) from Jatropha Mahesh Ramnikbhai Curcas Oil Gandhi, Nilesh Kumar Kanjibhai Vaghela, Meena Rajnikant Rathod, Bhupendra Dhanvantrai Shethia, Jayant Batukrai Pandya, Rajendra Amrutlal Parmar, Prakash Jagjivanbhai Dodia, Mehul Ghanshyambhai Patel, Dahyabhai Revabhai Parmar, Sanat Natawarlal Patel

177 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

94 Germany 2475754 Novel Process for the Ghosh Pushpito Kumar, Preparation of Mishra Sandhya Polyhydroxyalkanoate and High Chandrika Prasad, Density Shell Briquette Gandhi Mahesh Ramniklal, Integrated with Improved Upadhyay Sumesh Chandra, Process of Production of Methyl Paul Parimal, Anand Pritpal Ester from Whole Seed Capsule Singh, Popat Kiritkumar of Jatropha Curcas Mangaldas, Shrivastav Anupama Vijaykumar, Mishra Sanjiv Kumar, Neelam Ondhiya, Maru Ramesh Dudabhai, Dyal Gangadharan, Brahmbhatt Harshad, Borisha Vinod, Doongar Ram Chaudhary, Babulal Rebary, Krushnadevsinh Sukhdevsinh Zala

95 Germany 2365960 An Improved Process for the Manoj Kunjabihari Agrawal, Preparation of Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Para-Nitrobenzyl Bromide Maheshkumar Ramniklal Gandhi, Sumesh Chandra Upadhyay, Subbarayappa Adimurthy, Gadde Ramachandraiah, Paresh U Patoliya, Girdhar Joshi, Harshad Brahmbhatt, Rahul Jasvantrai Sanghavi

96 Germany 2242722 100-500 µm Size Spherical Indrajit Mukhopadhyay, Sodium Chloride Having Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Improved Flow and Process of Vadakke Puthoor Mohandas Preparation from Brine Thereof

97 Denmark 1996680 An Improved Process for Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl Subbarayappa Adimurthy, Ester (Biodiesel) from Jatropha Mahesh Ramnikbhai Curcas Oil Gandhi, Nilesh Kumar Kanjibhai Vaghela, Meena Rajnikant Rathod, Bhupendra Dhanvantrai Shethia, Jayant Batukrai Pandya, Rajendra Amrutlal Parmar, Prakash Jagjivanbhai Dodia, Mehul Ghanshyambhai Patel, Dahyabhai Revabhai Parmar, Sanat Natawarlal Patel

178 98 European 2411330 Integrated Process of Production Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Patent Office of Potassium Sulphate, Haresh Mahipatlal Mody, Magnesium Hydroxide Jatin Rameshchandra and Ammonium Sulfate from Chunawala, Maheshkumar Kainite Mixed Salt and Ramniklal Gandhi, Hari Ammonia Chand Bajaj, Pratyush Maiti, Himanshu Labhshanker Joshi, Hasina Hajibhai Deraiya, Upendra Padmakant Saraiya 99 European 2411030 Plant Extract for Treating Anxiety Meena Rajnikant Rathod, Patent Office Disorders Bhupendra Dhanvantrai Shethia, Jayant Batukrai Pandya, Prakash Jagjivanbhai Dodiya, Gautam Palit, Manavi Chatterjee, Shibani Sen Gupta, Ashok Kumar Agarwal, Vinay Kumar Khanna 100 European 2475754 Novel Process for the Ghosh Pushpito Kumar, Patent Office Preparation of Mishra Sandhya Chandrika Polyhydroxyalkanoate and High Prasad, Gandhi Mahesh Density Shell Briquette Integrated Ramniklal, Upadhyay with Improved Process of Sumesh Chandra, Paul Production of Methyl Ester from Parimal, Anand Pritpal Whole Seed Capsule of Jatropha Singh, Popat Kiritkumar Curcas Mangaldas, Shrivastav Anupama Vijaykumar, Mishra Sanjiv Kumar, Neelam Ondhiya Maru Ramesh Dudabhai, Dyal Gangadharan, Brahmbhatt Harshad, Borisha Vinod, Doongar Ram Chaudhary, Babulal Rebary, Krushnadevsing Sukhdevsinh Zala 101 European 1996680 An Improved Process for Ghosh; Pushpito Kumar, Patent Office Preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl Adimurthy; Ester (Biodiesel) from Jatropha Subbarayappa, Curcas Oil Gandhi; Mahesh Ramnikbhai, Vaghela; Nilesh Kumar Kanjibhai, Rathod; Meena Rajnikant, Shethia; Bhupendra Dhanvantrai, Pandya; Jayant Batukrai, Parmar; Rajendra Amrutlal, Dodia; Prakash Jagjivanbhai, Patel; Mehul Ghanshyambhai, Parmar; Dahyabhai Revabhai, Patel; Sanat Natwarlal

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102 European 2242722 100-500 µm Size Spherical Indrajit Mukhopadhyay, Patent Office Sodium Chloride having Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Improved Flow and Process of Vadakke Puthoor Mohandas Preparation from Brin Thereof 103 European 2365960 An Improved Process for the Manoj Kunjabihari Agrawal, Patent Office Preparation of Para-nitrobenzyl Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Bromide Maheshkumar Ramniklal Gandhi, Sumesh Chandra Upadhyay, Subbarayappa Adimurthy, Gadde Ramachandraiah, Paresh U Patoliya, Girdhar Joshi, Brahmbhatt, Rahul Jasvantrai Sanghavi 104 Spain 2411330 Integrated Process of Production Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, of Potassium Sulphate, Haresh Mahipatlal Mody, Magnesium Hydroxide and Jatin Rameshchandra Ammonium Sulfate from Chunawala, Maheshkumar Kainite Mixed Salt and Ramniklal Gandhi, Hari Ammonia Chand Bajaj, Pratyush Maiti, Himanshu Labhshanker Joshi, Hasina Hajibhai Deraiya, Upendra Padmakant Saraiya 105 Spain 1996680 An Improved Process for Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl Subbarayappa Adimurthy, Ester (Biodiesel) from Jatropha Mahesh Ramnikbhai Curcas Oil Gandhi, Nilesh Kumar Kanjibhai Vaghela, Meena Rajnikant Rathod, Bhupendra Dhanvantrai Shethia, Jayant Batukrai Pandya, Rajendra Amrutlal Parmar, Prakash Jagjivanbhai Dodia, Mehul Ghanshyambhai Patel, Dahyabhai Revabhai Parmar, Sanat Natawarlal Patel 106 Spain 2475754 Novel Process for the Ghosh Pushpito Kumar, Mishra Preparation of Sandhya Chandrika Polyhydroxyalkanoate and Gandhi Mahesh Prasad, High Density Shell Briquette Ramniklal, Upadhyay Sumesh Integrated with Improved Chandra, Paul Parimal, Anand Process of Production of Methyl Pritpal Ester From Whole Seed Singh, Popat Kiritkumar Mangaldas, Shrivastav Capsule of Jatropha Curcas Anupama Vijaykumar, Mishra Sanjiv Kumar, Neelam Ondhiya, Maru Ramesh Dudabhai, Dyal Gangadharan, Brahmbhatt Harshad, Borisha Vinod, Doongar Ram Chaudhary, Babulal Rebary, Krushnadevsinh Sukhdevsinh Zala

180 107 Spain 2242722 100-500 µm Size Spherical Indrajit Mukhopadhyay, Sodium Chloride having Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Improved Flow and Process of Vadakke Puthoor Mohandas Preparation from Brine Thereof 108 France 2475754 Novel Process for the Ghosh Pushpito Kumar, Preparation of Mishra Sandhya Chandrika Polyhydroxyalkanoate and Prasad, Gandhi Mahesh High Density Shell Briquette Ramniklal, Upadhyay Integrated with Improved Sumesh Chandra, Paul Process of Production of Methyl Parimal, Anand Pritpal Ester from Whole Seed Singh, Popat Kiritkumar Capsule of Jatropha Curcas Mangaldas, Shrivastav Anupama Vijaykumar, Mishra Sanjiv Kumar, Neelam Ondhiya, Maru Ramesh Dudabhai, Dyal Gangadharan, Brahmbhatt Harshad, Borisha Vinod, Doongar Ram Chaudhary, Babulal Rebary, Krushnadevsinh Sukhdevsinh Zala 109 France 2365960 An Improved Process for the Manoj Kunjabihari Agrawal, Preparation of Para-Nitrobenzyl Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Bromide Maheshkumar Ramniklal Gandhi, Sumesh Chandra Upadhyay, Subbarayappa Adimurthy, Gadde Ramachandraiah, Paresh U Patoliya, Girdhar Joshi, Harshad Brahmbhatt, Rahul Jasvantrai Sanghavi 110 France 2242722 100-500 µm Size Spherical Indrajit Mukhopadhyay, Sodium Chloride having Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Improved Flow and Process of Vadakke Puthoor Mohandas Preparation from Brine Thereof 111 France 1996680 An Improved Process for Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl Subbarayappa Adimurthy, Ester (Biodiesel) from Jatropha Mahesh Ramnikbhai Curcas Oil Gandhi, Nilesh Kumar Kanjibhai Vaghela, Meena Rajnikant Rathod, Bhupendra Dhanvantrai Shethia, Jayant Batukrai Pandya, Rajendra Amrutlal Parmar, Prakash Jagjivanbhai Dodia, Mehul Ghanshyambhai Patel, Dahyabhai Revabhai Parmar, Sanat Natawarlal Patel

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112 France 2411330 Integrated Process of Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Production of Potassium Haresh Mahipatlal Mody, Sulphate, Magnesium Jatin Rameshchandra Hydroxide and Ammonium Chunawala, Maheshkumar Sulfate from Kainite Mixed Salt Ramniklal Gandhi, Hari and Ammonia Chand Bajaj, Pratyush Maiti, Himanshu Labhshanker Joshi, Hasina Hajibhai Deraiya, Upendra Padmakant Saraiya 113 United 2411330 Integrated Process of Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Kingdom Production of Potassium Haresh Mahipatlal Mody, Sulphate, Kingdom Magnesium Jatin Rameshchandra Hydroxide and Ammonium Chunawala, Maheshkumar Sulfate from Kainite Mixed Salt Ramniklal Gandhi, Hari and Ammonia Chand Bajaj, Pratyush Maiti, Himanshu Labhshanker Joshi, Hasina Hajibhai Deraiya, Upendra Padmakant Saraiya 114 United 2475754 Novel Process for the Ghosh Pushpito Kumar, Kingdom Preparation of Mishra Sandhya Chandrika Polyhydroxyalkanoate and High Prasad, Gandhi Mahesh Density Shell Briquette Ramniklal, Upadhyay Integrated with Improved Sumesh Chandra, Paul Parimal, Process of Production of Methyl Anand Pritpal Singh, Popat Ester from Whole Seed Kiritkumar Mangaldas, Capsule of Jatropha Curcas Shrivastav Anupama Vijaykumar, Mishra Sanjiv Kumar, Neelam Ondhiya, Maru Ramesh Dudabhai, Dyal Gangadharan, Brahmbhatt Harshad, Borisha Vinod, Doongar Ram Chaudhary, Babulal Rebary, Krushnadevsinh Sukhdevsinh Zala 115 United 1996680 An Improved Process for Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Kingdom Preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl Subbarayappa Adimurthy, Ester (Biodiesel) from Jatropha Mahesh Ramnikbhai Curcas Oil Gandhi, Nilesh Kumar Kanjibhai Vaghela, Meena Rajnikant Rathod, Bhupendra Dhanvantrai Shethia, Jayant Batukrai Pandya, Rajendra Amrutlal Parmar, Prakash Jagjivanbhai Dodia, Mehul Ghanshyambhai Patel, Dahyabhai Revabhai Parmar, Sanat Natawarlal Patel

182 116 United 2365960 An Improved Process for the Manoj Kunjabihari Agrawal, Kingdom Preparation of Para-Nitrobenzyl Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Bromide Maheshkumar Ramniklal Gandhi, Sumesh Chandra Upadhyay, Subbarayappa Adimurthy, Gadde Ramachandraiah, Paresh U Patoliya, Girdhar Joshi, Harshad Brahmbhatt, Rahul Jasvantrai Sanghavi 117 United 2411030 Plant Extract for Treating Meena Rajnikant Rathod, Kingdom Anxiety Disorders Bhupendra Dhanvantrai Shethia, Jayant Batukrai Pandya, Prakash Jagjivanbhai Dodiya, Gautam Palit, Manavi Chatterjee, Shibani Sen Gupta, Ashok Kumar Agarwal, Vinay Kumar Khanna 118 United 2242722 100-500 µm Size Spherical Indrajit Mukhopadhyay, Kingdom Sodium Chloride having Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Improved Flow and Process of Vadakke Puthoor Mohandas Preparation from Brine Thereof 119 Indonesia IDP00034975 An Improved Process for Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Preparation of Fatty Acid Subbarayappa Adimurthy, Methyl Ester (Biodiesel) from Mahesh Ramnikbhai Gandhi, Jatropha Curcas Oil Nilesh Kumar Kanjibhai Vaghela, Meena Rajnikant Rathod, Bhupendra Dhanvantrai Shethia, Jayant Batukrai Pandya, Rajendra Amrutlal Parmar, Prakash Jagjivanbhai Dodia, Mehul Ghanshyambhai Patel, Dahyabhai Revabhai Parmar, Sanat Natawarlal Patel 120 Israel 192952 An Improved Process for Ghosh Pushpito Kumar, Joshi Preparation of Magnesium Himanshi Labhshanker, Oxide Deraiya Hasina Hajibhai, Gandhi Maheshkumar Himanshi Labhshanker, Ramniklal, Dave Rohit Harshdrai, Langalia Kaushik Jethalal, Mohandas Vadakke Puthoor

183 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

121 Israel 206877 An Improved Process of Arvind Kumar, Pushpito Preparation of Common Salt of Kumar Ghosh, Vadakke High Purity from Brines in Puthoor Mohandas, Solar Salt Pans Indrajit Mukhopadhyay, Jignesh Jasvantraj Shukla, Rahul Jasvantrai Sanghavi 122 Italy 1996680 An Improved Process for Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Preparation of Fatty Acid Subbarayappa Adimurthy, Methyl Ester (Biodiesel) from Mahesh Ramnikbhai Gandhi, Jatropha Curcas Oil Nilesh Kumar Kanjibhai Vaghela, Meena Rajnikant Rathod, Bhupendra Dhanvantrai Shethia, Jayant Batukrai Pandya, Rajendra Amrutlal Parmar, Prakash Jagjivanbhai Dodia, Mehul Ghanshyambhai Patel, Dahyabhai Revabhai Parmar, Sanat Natawarlal Patel 123 Italy 2242722 100-500 µm Size Spherical Indrajit Mukhopadhyay, Sodium Chloride having Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Improved Flow and Process of Vadakke Puthoor Mohandas Preparation from Brine Thereof 124 Italy 2411330 Integrated Process of Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Production of Potassium Haresh Mahipatlal Mody, Sulphate, Magnesium Jatin Rameshchandra Hydroxide and Ammonium Chunawala, Maheshkumar Sulfate from Kainite Mixed Salt Ramniklal Gandhi, and Ammonia Hari Chand Bajaj, Pratyush Maiti, Himanshu Labhshanker Joshi, Hasina Hajibhai Deraiya, Upendra Padmakant Saraiya 125 Japan 5509310 Integrated Process of Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Production of Potassium Haresh Mahipatlal Mody, Sulphate, Magnesium Jatin Rameshchandra Hydroxide and Ammonium Chunawala, Maheshkumar Sulfate from Kainite Mixed Salt Ramniklal Gandhi, and Ammonia Hari Chand Bajaj, Pratyush Maiti, Himanshu Labhshanker Joshi, Hasina Hajibhai Deraiya, Upendra Padmakant Saraiya 126 Japan 5289973 Catalytic Epoxidation of Styrene Raksh Vir Jasra, with Molecular Oxygen Using Jince Sebastian Metal Ion Exchanged Zeolites

184 127 Japan 5312325 Nutritious, Tasty and Affordable Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Drink from Sap of Maheshchandra Kappaphycus Alvarezii Rameshchandra Rajyaguru, Seaweed and its Preparation Jinalal Shambhubhai Thereof Patolia, Peddi Venkata Subbarao, Mukesh Tribhovanbhai Shah, Sudhakar Tukaram Zodape, Miss Sharda Vitthaldas Joshi, Alamuru Venkata Rami Reddy, Devmurari Chhaganlal Vithaldas, Sibdas Bandyopadhyay, Ganesh Chandra Sahoo 128 Japan 5312332 Preparation of Organic- Syed Hasan Razi Abdi, Inorganic Hybrid Chiral Rukhsana Llyas Kureshy, Sorbent Noor-Ul Hasan Khan, Raksh Vir Jasra, Vishal Jitendrabhai Mayani, Santosh A 129 Japan 5336408 A Process for Recovery of Rajinder Nath Vohra, Common Solt and Marine Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Chemicals from Brine in Vadakke Puthoor Mohandas, Integrated Manner Himanshu Labhshanker Joshi, Hasina Hajibhai Deraiya 130 South Korea 10-1358770 Improved K-Carrageenase Yasmin Najmuddin Production and a Method of Khambhaty, Kalpana Haresh Preparation Thereof Mody, Bhavanath Jha 131 South Korea 10-1299895 Catalytic Epoxidation of Styrene Raksh Vir Jasra, With Molecular Oxygen using Jince Sebastian Metal ion Exchanged Zeolites 132 Sri Lanka 16901 Production of Potable Water Ghosh Pushpito Kumar, from Highly Saline Sub-Soil Desale Girish Rajanikant, Brine in Salt Works using Khatri Bhavin Hasmukhlal, Exhaust Waste Heat form Patel Rajeshkumar Diesel Engine Employed Round Naranbhai, Sanatkumar the Clock During the Salt Natavarlal Patel, Gajjar Manufacturing Season to Mahesh Ramjibhai, Charge the Salt Pans with Borle Niitin Ganesh Susoil Brine 133 Mexico 314491 Integrated Process of Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Production of Potassium Haresh Mahipatlal Mody, Sulphate, Magnesium Jatin Rameshchandra Hydroxide and Ammonium Chunawala, Maheshkumar Sulfate from Kainite Mixed Ramniklal Gandhi, Hari Salt and Ammonia Chand Bajaj, Pratyush Maiti, Himanshu Labhshanker Joshi, Hasina Hajibhai Deraiya, Upendra Padmakant Saraiya

185 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

134 Malaysia MY-149503-a Nutritious, Tasty and Affordable Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Drink from Sap of Maheshchandra Kappaphycus Alvarezii Rameshchandra Rajyaguru, Seaweed and its Preparation Jinalal Shambhubhai Thereof Patolia, Peddi Venkata Subbarao, Mukesh Tribhovanbhai Shah, Sudhakar Tukaram Zodape, Miss Sharda Vitthaldas Joshi, Alamuru Venkata Rami Reddy, Devmurari Chhaganlal Vithaldas, Sibdas Bandyopadhyay, Ganesh Chandra Sahoo

135 Netherlands 2411330 Integrated Process of Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Production of Potassium Haresh Mahipatlal Mody, Sulphate, Magnesium Jatin Rameshchandra Hydroxide and Ammonium Chunawala, Mahesh kumar Sulfate from Kainite Mixed Salt Ramniklal Gandhi, and Ammonia Hari Chand Bajaj, Pratyush Maiti, Himanshu Labhshanker Joshi, Hasina Hajibhai Deraiya, Upendra Padmakant Saraiya

136 Netherlands 1996680 An Improved Process for Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl Subbarayappa Adimurthy, Ester (Biodiesel) from Jatropha Mahesh Ramnikbhai Curcas Oil Gandhi, Nilesh Kumar Kanjibhai Vaghela, Meena Rajnikant Rathod, Bhupendra Dhanvantrai Shethia, Jayant Batukrai Pandya, Rajendra Amrutlal Parmar, Prakash Jagjivanbhai Dodia, Mehul Ghanshyambhai Patel, Dahyabhai Revabhai Parmar, Sanat Natawarlal Patel

137 Netherlands 2242722 100-500 µm Size Spherical Indrajit Mukhopadhyay, Sodium Chloride Having Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Improved Flow and Process Vadakke Puthoor Mohandas of Preparation from Brine Thereof

186 138 Netherlands 2475754 Novel Process for the Ghosh Pushpito Kumar, Preparation of Mishra Sandhya Chandrika Polyhydroxyalkanoate and Prasad, Gandhi Mahesh High Density Shell Briquette Ramniklal, Upadhyay Integrated with Improved Sumesh Chandra, Paul Process of Production of Methyl Parimal, Anand Pritpal Ester from Whole Seed Singh, Popat Kiritkumar Capsule of Jatropha Curcas Mangaldas, Shrivastav Anupama Vijaykumar, Mishra Sanjiv Kumar, Neelam Ondhiya, Maru Ramesh Dudabhai, Dyal Gangadharan, Brahmbhatt Harshad, Borisha Vinod, Doongar Ram Chaudhary, Babulal Rebary, Krushnadevsinh Sukhdevsinh Zala 139 Philippines 1-2010-501544 A Method for Isolation, Gnanasekaran G, Purification and Identification Kalpana Haresh Mody, of Extreme Alkaliphilic Bacteria Sumitra Datta, using Carrageenan as a Bhavanath Jha Gelling Agent 140 Romania 2242722 100-500 µm Size Spherical Indrajit Mukhopadhyay, Sodium Chloride having Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, Improved Flow and Process of Vadakke Puthoor Mohandas Preparation from Brine Thereof 141 United States 8440252 Iodized Salt and a Process for Pushpito Kumar Ghosh, of America its Preparation Satishbhai Hariray Mehta, jatin Rameshchandra Chunawala, Mrunal Vinodray Sheth, Mahesh Ramniklal Gand 142 United States 8557726 Chiral Heterogeneous Catalyst Abdi; Sayed H. R., of America for Assymmetric Nitroaldol Kureshy; Rukhsana I., Reaction Khan; Noor-Ui H., Bajaj; Hari, Mayani; Vishal J., Shah; Arpan K. CSMCRI+CDRI 143 Canada 2541971 A Novel use of Herbal Extracts Meena Rajnikanth of Salicornia Species Active Rathod,bhupendra Against Tuberculosis and Dhanvantrai Shethia, Jayant Process for the Preparation Batukrai Pandya, Pushpito Thereof Kumar Ghosh, Prakash J Dodia, BR

187 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

CSIR-IGIB 144 United States 8513206 Crosslinked Pei Nanoparticle Gupta Kailash Chand, of America Transfection Agents for Delivery Kumar Pradeep, of Biomolecules with Increased Swami Archana, Efficiency Pathak Atul CSIR-IHBT 145 Australia 2006341292 Superoxide Dismutase Gene Pardeep Kumar Bhardwaj, from Potentilla Atrosanguinea Rashmita Sahoo, and its Expression in Sanjay Kumar, Hetroggous System Paramvir Singh Ahuja 146 Germany EP2004822 A Cost Effective, Less Sanjay Ghwana, Kashmir Hazardous, Two-Solution Singh, Jyoti Raizada, System for Rapid Arti Rani, Pradeep Kumar Isolation of RNA Bhardwaj, Sanjay Kumar 147 European EP2004822 A Cost Effective, Less Sanjay Ghwana, Kashmir Patent Office Hazardous, Two-Solution Singh, Jyoti Raizada, System for Rapid Arti Rani, Pradeep Kumar Isolation of RNA Bhardwaj, Sanjay Kumar 148 United EP2004822 A Cost Effective, Less Sanjay Ghwana, Kashmir Kingdom Hazardous, Two-Solution Singh, Jyoti Raizada, System for Rapid Arti Rani, Pradeep Kumar Isolation of RNA Bhardwaj, Sanjay Kumar 149 Sri Lanka 14704 Development of Diagnostic Kit Saurabh Kulshrestha, Vipin Againt the Recombinant Coat Hallan, Gaurav Raikhy, Protein of Prunus Necrotic Aijaz Asghar Zaidi Ringspot Virus 150 Sri Lanka 14218 A Field Convenient Jacketed Garikapati Dyva Kiran Babu, Leaf Inactivator for Green Ravindranath Srigiripuram Tea Processing Desikachar 151 Vietnam 1-0011353-000 A Mobile Tea Shoot Srigiripuram Desikachar Preconditioning Device for Ravindranath, Garik Dyva Withering During Black Tea Kiran Babu, Arindam Kar, Manufacture Pankaj Kumar Maji CSIR-IICB 152 China ZL200880124983.2 Methanolic Extract of Piper Santu Bandyopadhyay, Bikas Betel Leaves for the Treatment Chandra Pal, Jayashree of Human Malignancies by Bagchi Chakraborty, Inducing Oxidative Stress Srabanti Rakshit, Labanya Mandal, Kausik Paul, Nabendu Biswas, Anirban Manna 153 Japan 5313693 A Pharmaceutical Composition Sukdeb Banerjee, Pratap K Comprising Oenothein Das, Suchandra Goswami, C Useful for the Treatment of C. Annalakshmi, Nilendu Peptic Ulcer Diseases Panda, Niranjan Prasad Sahu, Basudeb Achari

188 154 United States 8637679 Two Main Component Chitra Mandal, Bikas of America Molecules: Mahanine and Chandra Pal, Kaushik Mahanimbine Bhattacharya, Suman (Dehydroxy Mahanine) from Kumar Samanta, Sayantani Murraya Koenigii for the Sarkar, Ranjita Das Treatment in Glioblastoma and Cervical Carcinoma and Mahanimbine Exhibits Broad Spectrum of Anticancer Activity

155 United States 8519154 Method for Treatment of Sibabrata Mukhopadhyay, of America Bronchial Asthma Mumu Chakraborty, Tulika Mukherjee, Arun Bandyopadhyay, Dipak Kar, Tanima Banerjee, Aditya Konar, Debaprasad Jana, Santu Bandyopadhyay, Siddhartha Roy, Balaram Ghosh, Mabalirajan Ulaganathan, Rakesh Kamal Johri, Subhash Chander Sharma, Gurdarshan Singh, Bholanath Paul, Vasanta Madhava Sharma Gangavaram, Jhillu Singh Yadav, Krishna Radha Palakodety

156 United States 8524677 DNA Vaccine as Rajatava Basu, Syamal Ray of America Immunoprophylaxis Against Kala-azar

CSIR-IICT

157 Brazil PL0017348-7 A Novel Method for Vijaya Kumar Dadala, Chromatographic Finger Kondapuram Vijaya Printing Raghavan

158 Costa Rica HRP20030241b1 A Novel Method for Vijaya Kumar Dadala, Chromatographic Finger Kondapuram Vijaya Printing and Standardization of Raghavan Single Medicines and Formulations

159 Germany 2260039 Chalcone Linked Pyrrolo [2,1-c] Ahmed Kamal, [1,4] benzodiazepine Hybrids as Reddy Adla Malla, Potential Anticancer Agents and Bandari Rajendra Prasad Process for the Preparation Thereof

189 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

160 Germany 2061795 Synthesis and Biological Ahmed Kamal, Evaluation of Benzophenone Bandari Rajendra Prasad Linked Pyrrolo [2,1-c] [1,4] Benzodiazepine Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents 161 Germany 2379175 Synthesis of Hexadecyl Cis-9- Bethala Lakshmi Anu tetradecenoate and Hexadecyl Prabhavathi Devi, Cis-10-tetradecenoate and Katkam Nadpi Gangadhar, Their Evaluation for Anti Kunkuma Vijayalakshmi, Arthritis Properties in Rats Sistla Ramakrishna, Kuncha Madhusudhana, Prakash Vamanrao Diwan, Rachapudi Badari Narayana Prasad 162 Germany 2142506 Synthesis and Biological Evaluation Ahmed Kamal, of Benzophenone Hydrides as Bandari Rajendra Prasad Potential Anticancer Agents 163 Germany 2350085 Quinazolinone Linked Pyrrolo Ahmed Kamal, Dudekula [2,1-c] [1,4] benzodiazepine Dastagiri, Jonnala Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Surendranadha Reddy, Agents and Process for the Arutla Viswanath, Preparation Thereof Earla Vijaya Bharathi 164 Germany 2265613 Quinazoline Linked Pyrrolo Ahmed Kamal, [2,1-c] [1,4] benzodiazepine Bandari Rajendra Prasad, Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Adla Malla Reddy Agents and Process for the Preparation Thereof 165 Germany 2403855 Carbazole Linked Pyrrolo [2,1-c] Ahmed Kamal, [1,4] benzodiazepine Hybrids as Rajesh V. C. R. N. C. Shetti, Potential Anticancer Agents and K.srinivasa Reddy, Process for the Preparation Adla Malla Reddy There of 166 Germany 2550275 Pyrrolo [2,1-c] [1,4] Ahmed Kamal, Rajesh V. C. benzodiazepine-benzothiazole R. N. C. Shetti, K.srinivasa or Benzoxazole Conjugates Reddy, Adla Malla Reddy, Linked Through Piperazine Ponnampally.swapna Moiety as Potential Antitumour Agent and Process for the Preparation There of 167 Denmark 2005167 A Novel Potentiometric Sunkam Vanaja, Mandapati Biosensor to Determine Jayalakshmi, Sunkara Pottasium Concentration in Sakunthala Madhavendra, Human Blood Serum Kaki Rajgopal, Mannepalli Lakshmi Kantam, Sunkara Vardhireddy Manorama, Vinod Kumar Khanna, Shamim Ahmad,yogendra Kumar Jain, Chandra Sekhar

190 168 European 2350085 Quinazolinone Linked Pyrrolo Ahmed Kamal, Dudekula Patent Office [2,1-c] [1,4] benzodiazepine Dastagiri, Jonnala Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Surendranadha Reddy, Agents and Process for the Arutla Viswanath, Preparation Thereof Earla Vijaya Bharathi

169 European 2142506 Synthesis and Biological Ahmed Kamal, Bandari Patent Office Evaluation of Benzophenone Rajendra Prasad Hydrides as Potential Anticancer Agents

170 European 2260039 Chalcone Linked Pyrrolo [2,1-c] Ahmed Kamal, Adla Malla Patent Office [1,4] Benzodiazepine Hybrids Reddy, Bandari Rajendra as Potential Anticancer Agents Prasad and Process for the Preparation Thereof

171 European 2403855 Carbazole Linked Pyrrolo [2,1-c] Ahmed Kamal, Rajesh V. C. Patent Office [1,4] Benzodiazepine Hybrids R. N. C. Shetti, as Potential Anticancer Agents K. Srinivasa Reddy, and Process for the Adla Malla Reddy Preparation Thereof

172 European 2379175 Synthesis of Hexadecyl Cis-9- Bethala Lakshmi Anu Patent Office Tetradecenoate and Hexadecyl Prabhavathi Devi, Cis-10-Tetradecenoate and Katkam Nadpi Gangadhar, Their Evaluation for Anti Kunkuma Vijayalakshmi, Arthritis Properties in Rats Sistla Ramakrishna, Kuncha Madhusudhana, Prakash Vamanrao Diwan, Rachapudi Badari Narayana Prasad

173 European 2005167 A Novel Potentiometric Sunkam Vanaja, Mandapati Patent Office Biosensor to Determine Jayalakshmi, Sunkara Pottasium Concentration in Sakunthala Madhavendra, Human Blood Serum Kaki Rajgopal, Mannepalli Lakshmi Kantam, Sunkara Vardhireddy Manorama, Vinod Kumar Khanna, Shamim Ahmad,yogendra Kumar Jain, Chandra Sekhar

174 European 2550275 Pyrrolo [2,1-c] [1,4] Ahmed Kamal, Rajesh V. C. Patent Office Benzodiazepine-Benzothiazole R. N. C. Shetti, K.srinivasa or Benzoxazole Conjugates Reddy, Adla Malla Reddy, Linked Through Piperazine Ponnampally.swapna Moiety as Potential Antitumour Agent and Process for the Preparation Thereof

191 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

175 European 2061795 Synthesis and Biological Ahmed Kamal, Bandari Patent Office Evaluation of Benzophenone Rajendra Prasad Linked Pyrrolo [2,1-c] [1,4] Benzodiazepine Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents 176 European 2265613 Quinazoline Linked Pyrrolo Ahmed Kamal, Patent Office [2,1-c] [1,4] benzodiazepine Bandari Rajendra Prasad, Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Adla Malla Reddy Agents and Process for the Preparation Thereof 177 France 2142506 Synthesis and Biological Ahmed Kamal, Evaluation of Benzophenone Bandari Rajendra Prasad Hydrides as Potential Anticancer Agents 178 France 2379175 Synthesis of Hexadecyl Cis-9- Bethala Lakshmi Anu Tetradecenoate and Hexadecyl Prabhavathi Devi, Cis-10-Tetradecenoate and Katkam Nadpi Gangadhar, Their Evaluation for Anti Kunkuma Vijayalakshmi, Arthritis Properties in Rats Sistla Ramakrishna, Kuncha Madhusudhana, Prakash Vamanrao Diwan, Rachapudi Badari Narayana Prasad 179 France 2061795 Synthesis and Biological Ahmed Kamal, Evaluation of Benzophenone Bandari Rajendra Prasad Linked Pyrrolo [2,1-c] [1,4] Benzodiazepine Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents 180 France 2550275 Pyrrolo [2,1-c] [1,4] Ahmed Kamal, Rajesh V. C. benzodiazepine-benzothiazole R. N. C. Shetti, K.srinivasa or Benzoxazole Conjugates Reddy, Adla Malla Reddy, Linked Through Piperazine Ponnampally.swapna Moiety as Potential Antitumour Agent and Process for the Preparation Thereof 181 France 2403855 Carbazole Linked Pyrrolo [2,1-c] Ahmed Kamal, [1,4] benzodiazepine Hybrids as Rajesh V. C. R. N. C. Shetti, Potential Anticancer Agents and K. Srinivasa Reddy, Process for the Preparation Adla Malla Reddy Thereof 182 France 2350085 Quinazolinone Linked Pyrrolo Ahmed Kamal, [2,1-c] [1,4] benzodiazepine Dudekula Dastagiri, Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Jonnala Surendranadha Agents and Process for the Reddy, Arutla Viswanath, Preparation Thereof Earla Vijaya Bharathi

192 183 France 2265613 Quinazoline Linked Pyrrolo Ahmed Kamal, [2,1-c] [1,4] Benzodiazepine Bandari Rajendra Prasad, Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Adla Malla Reddy Agents and Process for the Preparation Thereof 184 United 2403855 Carbazole Linked Pyrrolo [2,1-c] Ahmed Kamal, Kingdom [1,4] benzodiazepine Hybrids as Rajesh V. C. R. N. C. Shetti, Potential Anticancer Agents and K. Srinivasa Reddy, Process for the Preparation Adla Malla Reddy Thereof 185 United 2265613 Quinazoline Linked Pyrrolo Ahmed Kamal, Bandari Kingdom [2,1-c] [1,4] Benzodiazepine Rajendra Prasad, Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Adla Malla Reddy Agents and Process for the Preparation Thereof 186 United 2142506 Synthesis and Biological Ahmed Kamal, Kingdom Evaluation of Benzophenone Bandari Rajendra Prasad Hydrides as Potential Anticancer Agents 187 United 2350085 Quinazolinone Linked Pyrrolo Ahmed Kamal, Dudekula Kingdom [2,1-c ] [1,4] Benzodiazepine Dastagiri, Jonnala Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Surendranadha Reddy, Agents and Process for the Arutla Viswanath, Preparation Thereof Earla Vijaya Bharathi 188 United 2550275 Pyrrolo [2,1-c] [1,4] Ahmed Kamal, Rajesh V. C. Kingdom benzodiazepine-benzothiazole R. N. C. Shetti, K.srinivasa or Benzoxazole Conjugates Reddy, Adla Malla Reddy, Linked Through Piperazine Ponnampally. Swapna Moiety as Potential Antitumour Agent and Process for the Preparation Thereof 189 United 2260039 Chalcone Linked Pyrrolo Ahmed Kamal, Kingdom [2,1-c ] [1,4] Benzodiazepine Adla Malla Reddy, Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Bandari Rajendra Prasad Agents and Process for the Preparation Thereof 190 United 2005167 A Novel Potentiometric Sunkam Vanaja, Mandapati Kingdom Biosensor to Determine Jayalakshmi, Sunkara Pottasium Concentration in Sakunthala Madhavendra, Human Blood Serum Kaki Rajgopal, Mannepalli Lakshmi Kantam, Sunkara Vardhireddy Manorama, Vinod Kumar Khanna, Shamim Ahmad, yogendra Kumar Jain, Chandra Sekhar

193 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

191 United 2061795 Synthesis and Biological Ahmed Kamal, Bandari Kingdom Evaluation of Benzophenone Rajendra Prasad Linked Pyrrolo [2,1-c] [1,4] Benzodiazepine Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents 192 Japan 5260627 Synthesis and Biological Ahmed Kamal, Evaluation of Benzophenone Bandari Rajendra Prasad Hydrides as Potential Anticancer Agents 193 Japan 5404624 Pyrrolo [2,1-c] [1,4] Ahmed Kamal, Benzodiazepine-Glycoside Tekumalla Venkatesh Prodrugs with Potential for Selective Cancer Therapy 194 Japan 5355550 New -4beta-[4"-(1",3-Substituted Ahmed Kamal, Banala Benzothiazole-2"-yl) Anilino Ashwini Kumar Podophyllotoxin Analogues as Antitunour Agents 195 Japan 5276020 Novel Cationic 17 Alpha- Bathula Surendar Reddy, Substituted-Estradiol Derivatives Banjerjee Rajkumar with Anticancer Activity 196 Japan 5284291 Synthesis and Biological Ahmed Kamal, Evaluation of Anthranilic Acid Bandari Rajedndra Prasad Hydrides as Potential Anticancer Agents 197 Netherlands 2005167 A Novel Potentiometric Unkam Vanaja, Mandapati Biosensor to Determine S Jayalakshmi, Sunkara Pottasium Concentration in Sakunthala Madhavendra, Human Blood Serum Kaki Rajgopal, Mannepalli Lakshmi Kantam, Sunkara Vardhireddy Manorama, Vinod Kumar Khanna, Shamim Ahmad, Yogendra Kumar Jain, Chandra Sekhar 198 United States 8609876 9,10,12-Triacyloxy Bhamidipati; Venkata Surya of America Octadecanoic Acid Alkyl Ester Koppeswara Rao, and 9,10,12-Triacyloxy Korlipara; Octadecanoic Acid Alkyl Ester Venkata Padmaja, Rich Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters Rondla; Mixture and a Process for Karunakar Reddy, Preparation Thereof Potula; Satya Bhaskar, Krishnasamy; Saravanan, Rachapudi; Badari Narayana Prasad

194 199 United States 8658813 Polyol Esters of Medium Chain Korlipara; Venkata Padmaja, of America Fatty Acids and Process for Bhamidipati; Preparation Thereof Venkata Surya Koppeswara Rao , Potula; Satya Bhaskar, Rachapudi; Badari Narayana Prasad, Singh; Arun Kumar

200 United States 8445400 Glycerol-based Solid Acid Bethala Lakshmi Anu of America Catalysts useful for the Prabhavathi Devi, Katkam Esterification of Fatty Acids, a Nadpi Gangadhar, Process and use Thereof Potharaju Seetharamanjaneya Sai Prasad, Rachapudi Badari N

201 United States 8461150 Chalcone Linked Pyrrolo [2,1-c] Ahmed Kamal, of America [1, 4] Benzodiazepine Hybrids Adla Malla Reddy, as Potential Anticancer Agents Bandari Rajendra Prasad and Process for the Preparation Thereof

202 United States 8637665 Pyrrolo [2,l-c] [l,4] Ahmed; Kamal, of America Benzodiazepine-Benzothiazole Shetti; or Benzoxazole Conjugates Rajesh V.C.R.N.C., Linked through Piperazine Reddy; Moiety and Process for K. Srinivasa, the Preparation Thereof Reddy; Adla Malla, Swapna; Ponnampally

203 United States 8592407 Pyrrolo [2,1-c] [1,4] Ahmed Kamal, of America Benzodiazepine Derivatives Kokkonda Sreekanth, with Dithiocarbamate Side Pogula Praveen Kumar, Chains and Process for the Gorre Balakishan Preparation Thereof

204 United States 8563215 Diazonaphthoquinonesulfonic Reddy; Vummadi Venkat, of America Acid Bisphenol Derivative Rao; Vaidya Jayathirtha, Useful in Photo Lithographic Kantam; Mannepalli Sub Micron Patterning and a Lakshmi, Process for Preparation Thereof Madhavendra; Sunkara Sakunthala, Dwivedi; Virendra Kumar

195 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

205 United States 8673969 Substituted 4-.Beta.- Ahmed; Kamal, of America Acrylamidopodophyllotoxin Paidakula; Congeners as Antitumour Suresh, Antibiotics and the Process for Banala; Ashwini Kumar, Preparation Thereof Reddy; Adla Malla, Reddy; Papagiri Venkat

206 United States 8519123 Pyrrolo [2,1-c] [1,4] Ahmed Kamal, Gadupudi of America Benzodiazepine Linked Imidazo Ramakrishna, Paidakula [1,5-A]pyridine Conjugates as Raju, Ayinampudi Venkata Potential Antitumour Agents Subba Rao, and Process for the Arutla Vishwanath, Preparation Thereof Gorre Balakishan

207 United States 8680272 3-Arylethynyl Substituted Kamal; Ahmed, of America Quinazolinone Compounds Sultana; Farheen, Bharathi; Erla Vijaya, Srikanth; Yellamelli Valli Venkata, Viswanath; Arutla, Swapna; Ponnampalli

IICT+CDRI

208 Germany 2001463 Naturally Occurring Coumarins Jana Swamy Madhu and their Precursors as Sudanarao,b Chinaraju, P V Acetycholineesterase Inhibitors Srinivas, K S Babu, J S Yadav, K V Raghavan, H K Singh , Chandiswar Nath

209 European 2001463 Naturally Occurring Coumarins Jana Swamy Madhu Patent Office and their Precursors as Sudanarao, B Chinaraju, Acetycholineesterase Inhibitors P V Srinivas, K S Babu, J S Yadav, K V Raghavan, H K Singh , Chandiswar Nath

210 France 2001463 Naturally Occurring Coumarins Jana Swamy Madhu and their Precursors as Sudanarao, B Chinaraju, Acetycholineesterase Inhibitors P V Srinivas,K S Babu, I S Yadav,k V Raghavan, H K Singh , Chandiswar Nath

211 United 2001463 Naturally Occurring Coumarins Jana Swamy Madhu Kingdom and their Precursors as Sudanarao, B Chinaraju, Acetycholineesterase Inhibitors P V Srinivas, K S Babu, J S Yadav, K V Raghavan, H K Singh, Chandiswar Nath

196 CSIR-IIIM 212 Germany EP2118065 Substituted 1H-Benz Qazi Ghulam Nabi, [De] Isoquinoline-1, 3-Diones Saxena Ajit Kumar, Muthiah Shanmugavel, Mondhe Dilip Manikrao, Sharma Praduman Raj, Singh Shashank Kumar, Sanyal Utpal, Mukherjee Asama, Hazra Suva, Dutta Sushanta 213 Germany 2361244 A Process for the Preparation Subhash Chandra Taneja, of Optically Active N-Benzyl-3- Mushtaq Ahmad Aga, Hydroxypyrrolidines Brijesh Kumar, Vijay Kumar Sethi, Samar Singh Andotra, Ghulam Nabi Qazi 214 European 2361244 A Process for the Preparation Subhash Chandra Taneja, Patent Office of Optically Active N-Benzyl-3- Mushtaq Ahmad Aga, Hydroxypyrrolidines Brijesh Kumar, Vijay Kumar Sethi, Samar Singh Andotra, Ghulam Nabi Qazi 215 European EP2118065 Substituted 1H-Benz Qazi Ghulam Nabi, Patent Office [De] Isoquinoline-1, 3-Diones Saxena Ajit Kumar, Muthiah Shanmugavel, Mondhe Dilip Manikrao, Sharma Praduman Raj, Singh Shashank Kumar, Sanyal Utpal, Mukherjee Asama, Hazra Suva, Dutta Sushanta 216 France 2361244 A Process for the Preparation Subhash Chandra Taneja, of Optically Active N-Benzyl-3- Mushtaq Ahmad Aga, Hydroxypyrrolidines Brijesh Kumar, Vijay Kumar Sethi, Samar Singh Andotra, Ghulam Nabi Qazi 217 France EP2118065 Substituted 1H-Benz Qazi Ghulam Nabi, Saxena [De]isoquinoline-1, 3-Diones Ajit Kumar, Muthia Shanmugavel, Mondhe Dilip Manikrao, Sharma Praduman Raj, Singh Shashank Kumar, Sanyal Utpal, Mukherjee Asama, Hazra Suva, Dutta Sushanta

197 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

218 United 2361244 A Process for the Preparation Subhash Chandra Taneja, Kingdom of Optically Active N-Benzyl-3- Mushtaq Ahmad Aga, Hydroxypyrrolidines Brijesh Kumar, Vijay Kumar Sethi, Samar Singh Andotra, Ghulam Nabi Qazi 219 United EP2118065 Substituted 1H-Benz Qazi Ghulam Nabi, Saxena Kingdom [De]isoquinoline-1,3-Diones Ajit Kumar, Muthiah Shanmugavel, Mondhe Dilip Manikrao, Sharma Praduman Raj, Singh Shashank Kumar, Sanyal Utpal, Mukherjee Asama, Hazra Suva, Dutta Sushanta 220 South Korea 1353030 Novel 4-Alkyl-5- Surrinder Koul, Jawahir Lal (Substituted Phenyl)-2(e), 4(e)- Koul, Subhash Chandra pentadienoic Acid Amide and Taneja, Inshad Ali Khan, its Tetrahydro Analogues as Zahid Mehmood Mirza Potentiators of Bioeficacy of Ashwani Kumar Tikoo, Antiinfectives Subhash Chander Sharma, Vijeshwar Verma, Ghulam Nabi Qazi 221 Russia 2499798 Spiro Derivatives of Parthenin Halmuthur Mahabalarao as Novel Anticancer Agents; Sampath Kumar, Saxena Ajit Design and Synthesis Kumar, Taneja Subhash Chandra, Singh Shashank Kumar, Sethi Vijay Kumar, Qazi Naveed Ahmed, Sawant Sanghapal Damodar, Doma Mahender Reddy, Banday Abid Hussain, Verma Monika, Qazi Ghulam Nabi 222 United States 8609858 Spiro Derivatives of Parthenin Halmuthur; Mahabalarao of America as Novel Anticancer Agents Sampath Kumar, Saxena; Ajit Kumar, Taneja; Subhash Chandra, Singh; Shashank Kumar, Sethi; Vijay Kumar, Qazi; Naveed Ahmed, Sawant; Sanghapal Damodhar, Doma; Mahendhar Reddy, Banday; Abid Hussain, Qazi; Ghularn Nabi

198 223 United States 8445700 Process for the Preparation Subhash Chandra Taneja, of America of Optically Active N-Benzyl-3 Mushtaq Ahmad Aga, Hydroxypyrrolidines Brijesh Kumar, Vijay Kumar Sethi, Samar Singh Andotra, Ghulam Nabi Qazi

224 United States 8580752 Aromatic Amides as Potentiators Koul; Surrinder, Koul; of America of Bioefficacy of Anti-Infective Jawahir Lal, Taneja; Drugs Subhash Chandra, Gupta; Pankaj, Khan; Inshad Ali, Mirza; Zahid Mehmood, Kumar; Ashwani, Johri; Rakesh Kamal, Pandita; Monika, Khosa; Anita, Tikoo; Ashok Kumar, Sharma; Subhash Chander, Verma; Vijeshwar, Qazi; Ghulam Nabi

CSIR-IIP

225 Austria EP1711588 Process for Preparing Fatty Ashok Kumar Gupta, Acid Alkyl Esters Suitable for Ajay Kumar Bhatnagar, use as Biodiesel Savita Kaul

226 Canada 2631887 A Composition and Process for Singh Arun Kumar, Lubricating IL for two Stroke Pandey Naval Kishore, Gasoline Engine Gupta Ashok Kumar

227 Canada 2603160 A Process for the Preparation Mahendra Pratap Saxena, of P-Toluic Acid by Liquid Phase Ashok Kumar Gupta, Oxidation of P-Xylene in Water Satish Kumar Sharma, Dinesh Prasad Bangwal, Krishan Kumar

228 Canada 2632500 A Composition and Process for Singh Arun Kumar, Hydraulic Fluid Pandey Naval Kishore, Gupta Ashok Kumar

229 Germany 1963467 A Composition and Process for Singh Arun Kumar, Hydraulic Fluid Pandey Nava Kishore, Gupta Ashok Kumar

230 Germany EP1711588 Process For Preparing Fatty Ashok Kumar Gupta, Acid Alkyl Esters Suitable for Ajay Kumar Bhatnagar, use as Biodiesel Savita Kaul

231 European EP1711588 Improved Process for Preparing Ashok Kumar Gupta, Patent Office Fatty Acid Alkylesters for use Ajay Kumar Bhatnagar, as a Biodiesel Savita Kaul

199 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

232 European 1963467 A Composition and Process for Singh Arun Kumar, Patent Office Hydraulic Fluid Pandey Naval Kishore, Gupta Ashok Kumar

233 France EP711588 Process for Preparing Fatty Ashok Kumar Gupta, Acid Alkyl Esters Suitable for Ajay Kumar Bhatnagar, use as Biodiesel Savita Kaul

234 France 1963467 A Composition and Process for Singh Arun Kumar, Hydraulic Fluid Pandey Naval Kishore, Gupta Ashok Kumar

235 United 1963467 A Composition and Process for Singh Arun Kumar, Kingdom Hydraulic Fluid Pandey Naval Kishore, Gupta Ashok Kumar

236 United EP1711588 Process for Preparing Fatty Ashok Kumar Gupta, Kingdom Acid Alkyl Esters Suitable for Ajay Kumar Bhatnagar, use as Biodiesel Savita Kaul

237 Italy 1963467 A Composition and Process for Singh Arun Kumar, Hydraulic Fluid Pandey Naval Kishore, Gupta Ashok Kumar

238 South Korea 10-1278895 A Composition and Process for Singh Arun Kumar, Hydraulic Fluid Pandey Naval Kishore, Gupta Ashok Kumar

239 South Korea 10-1329427 A Composition and Process for Singh Arun Kumar, Lubricating IL for two Stroke Pandey Naval Kishore, Gasoline Engine Gupta Ashok Kumar

240 United States 8658575 Composition of Insulating Fluid Singh; Arun Kumar, of America and Process for the Pandey; Naval, Kishore, Preparation Thereof Gupta; Ashok Kumar

241 United States 8562821 Process for the Removal of Nanoti; Anshu, of America Sulfones from Oxidized Dasgupta; Soumen, Hydrocarbon Fuels Goswami; Amar Nath, Nautiyal; Bhagat Ram, Rao; Tumula, Venkateshwar, Sain; Bir, Sharma; Yogendra Kumar, Nanoti; Shrikant Madhusudan, Garg; Madhukar Onkarnath, Gupta; Pushpa

242 United States 8557754 Composition of Biodegradable Singh; Arun Kumar, of America Gear Oil Chamoli; Aruna

200 CSIR-IITR 243 Singapore 165130 A Process for Making a Dhawan Alok, Circular Electrode and Product Mishra Hari Om, Thereof for Conducting Pandey Alok Kumar, Electrophoresis of Nucleotides Bajpayee Mahima, (Dna, Rna) and Proteins Parmar Devendra, Das Mukul 244 United States 8628651 Electrophoretic Device for Dhawan; Alok, Mishra; of America Separation of Charged Hari Om, Pandey; Molecules Using a Petri Dish Alok Kumar, Bajpayee; Mahima, Parmar; Devendra, Das; Mukul CSIR-IMMT 245 Germany 2436439 Synthesis of a Novel Ruthenium Kulamani Parida, Guru Bipyridyl Complex Intercalated Bishwa Bidita Varadwaj, N,S-Codoped Titania Pillared Prakash Chandra Sahoo, Montmorillonite, Swagatika Sahu a Multifunctional Photocatalyst for Various Light Driven Redox Reactions 246 European 2436439 Synthesis of a Novel Ruthenium Kulamani Parida, Patent office Bipyridyl Complex Intercalated Guru Bishwa Bidita Varadwaj, N,S-Codoped Titania Pillared Prakash Chandra Sahoo, Montmorillonite, a Swagatika Sahu Multifunctional Photocatalyst for Various Light Driven Redox Reactions 247 France 2436439 Synthesis of a Novel Ruthenium Kulamani Parida, Bipyridyl Complex Intercalated Guru Bishwa Bidita N,S-Codoped Titania Pillared Varadwaj, Prakash Chandra Montmorillonite, a Sahoo, Swagatika Sahu Multifunctional Photocatalyst for Various Light Driven Redox Reactions 248 Japan 5312953 Jet-Wheel Impact Atomizer for Nayak Bijan Bihari, Spray Drying Tripathy Hemanta Kumar CSIR-IMT 249 Australia 2007280137 Mycobacterial Peptide Rahul Saxena, Deformylase Pradip K Chakraborti 250 Germany 2370574 New Staphylokinases Carrying Satish Singh, Amino and Carboxy-Terminal Kanak Lata Dikshit Extension and their Peg (Polyethylene Glycol) Conjugated Forms

201 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

251 European 2370574 New Staphylokinases Carrying Satish Singh, Patent Office Amino and Carboxy-Terminal Kanak Lata Dikshit Extension and their Peg (Polyethylene Glycol) Conjugated Forms

252 France 2370574 New Staphylokinases Carrying Satish Singh, Amino and Carboxy-Terminal Kanak Lata Dikshit Extension and their Peg (Polyethylene Glycol) Conjugated Forms

253 United 2370574 New Staphylokinases Carrying Satish Singh, Kingdom Amino and Carboxy-Terminal Kanak Lata Dikshit Extension and their Peg (Polyethylene Glycol) Conjugated Forms

254 Israel 208391 Cysteine Variants of Shekhar Kumar, Streptokinase and its Neeraj Maheshwari, Covalently Modified Forms Girish Sahni

255 Japan 5254017 Caerulomycin a as an Arvind K Singla, Immuno-Suppresive Agent Javed N Agrewala, Rakesh M Vohra, Ravindra S Jolly

256 Russia 2486249 A Novel Method for the Rajamohan G, Dahiya M, Oxygen Regulated Production Pathania R, Dikshit Kl of Recombinant Staphylokinase and its Derivatives useful for Thrombolytic Therapy

257 United States 8426580 Microbacterial Peptide Rahul Saxena, of America Deformylase Pradip K Chakraborti

CSIR-NAL

258 United States 8546284 Process for the Production Singanahalli Thippareddy of America of Plasma Sprayable Yttria Aruna, Narayanaswamy Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) and Balaji, Karaikudi Plasma Sprayable YSZ Powder Sankaranarayana Rajam Produced Thereby

CSIR-NBRI

259 China ZL200980147541.4 A Gene for Inducing Male Samir V Sawant, Rakesh Tuli, Sterility in Plants Sudhir Pratap Singh

260 Germany 2350290 A Gene for Inducing Male Samir V Sawant, Rakesh Tuli, Sterility in Plants Sudhir Pratap Singh

202 261 Denmark 2350290 A Gene for Inducing Male Samir V Sawant, Rakesh Tuli, Sterility in Plants Sudhir Pratap Singh 262 European 2350290 A Gene for Inducing Male Samir V Sawant, Rakesh Tuli, Patent Office Sterility in Plants Sudhir Pratap Singh 263 Spain 2350290 A Gene for Inducing Male Samir V Sawant, Rakesh Tuli, Sterility in Plants Sudhir Pratap Singh 264 France 2350290 A Gene for Inducing Male Samir V Sawant, Rakesh Tuli, Sterility in Plants Sudhir Pratap Singh 265 Vietnam VN1-0011773 A Novel D-Endotoxin Protein Rakesh Tuli, Pradhyomna Improved for Insecticidal Activity Kumar Singh, and Host Range and a Gene Samir V Sawant, for its High Level Expression Chandra Prakash Chaturvedi in Plants CSIR-NCL 266 Australia 2008352536 Method for the Preparation Dharbha Srinivas, of Biofuels from Glycerol Lakshmi Saikia, Paul Ratnasamy 267 Belgium 1910266 A Process for the Preparation Barve Prashant Purushottam, of Highly Pure (-(-)-Methyl Kulkarni Bhaskar Dattatreya, Lactate Ene Sanjay Narayan, Shinde Ravindra William, Gupte Milind Y 268 Belgium 1611087 Process for Recovery of Highly Purushottam BP, Pure Acrylonitrile Madhukar GS, William SR, Yashwant GM, Narayan JC 269 China ZL200880109977.x Nadi Tarangini: Ayurvedic Pulse Bhat Ashok, Joshi Aniruddha, -Based Diagnostic System Kulkarni Anand, Incorporating Machine Kulkarni Bhaskar, Learning Ayaraman Valadi, Chandran Sharat 270 China Zl201080042209.4 Process for Producing Fatty Srinivas Darbha, Acids Jitendra Kumar Satyarthi, Raja Thirumalaiswamy, Shilpa Shirish Deshpande 271 ermany 2464714 Process for Producing Fatty Srinivas Darbha, Acids Jitendra Kumar Satyarthi, Raja Thirumalaiswamy, Shilpa Shirish Deshpande 272 Germany 2459282 Titanium Gel Composition for Mohan Kerba Dongare, the Removal of Organic Dyes Shubhangi Bhalchandra and other Organic Umbarkar Contaminants from Aqueous Solution

203 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

273 Germany 2459650 Accelerated Gelation of Shailesh Prakash Nagarkar, Regenerated Fibroin Ashish Kishore Lele 274 Germany 2470494 Novel Process for the Prashant Purushottam Barve, Preparation of Pure Methyl Bhaskar Dattatraya Kulkarni, Lactate from Alkali Metal Milind Yashwant Gupte, Lactate using Carbon Dioxide Sanjay Narayan Nene, and Methanol Ravindra William Shinde, Sanjay Pandurang Kamble 275 Germany 1910266 A Process for the Preparation Barve Prashant Purushottam, of Highly Pure (-(-)-Methy Kulkarni Bhaskar Dattatreya, Lactate Nene Sanjay Narayan, Shinde Ravindra William, Gupte Milind Y 276 Germany 2451810 Continuous Flow Process for Amol Arvind Kulkarni, the Preparation of Sulphoxide Ramesh Anna Joshi, Compounds Rohini Ramesh Joshi, Nayana Tushar Nivangune, Manisha Abhiman Jagtap 277 Germany EP2337562 Antifungal Compounds Borate Hanumant Bapurao, Containing Benzothiazinone, Maujan Suleman Riyajsaheb, Benzoxazinone or Sawargave Sangmeshwer Benzoxazolinone and Process Prabhakar, Ramesh Ganesh Thereof Kelkar, Radhike Dili Wakharkar, Chandavarkar Mohan Anand, Vaiude Sharangi Ravindra, Vinay Anant Joshi 278 Germany 2438080 Method for the Preparation Garnaik Baijayantimala of Copolymer-1 279 European 2451810 Continuous Flow Process for Amol Arvind Kulkarni, Patent Office the Preparation of Sulphoxide Ramesh Anna Joshi, Compounds Rohini Ramesh Joshi, Nayana Tushar Nivangune, Manisha Abhiman Jagtap 280 European 2470494 Novel Process for the Prashant Purushottam Barve, Patent Office Preparation of Pure Methyl Bhaskar Dattatraya Kulkarni, Lactate from Alkali Metal Milind Yashwant Gupte, Lactate using Carbon Dioxide Sanjay Narayan Nene, and Methanol Ravindra William Shinde, Sanjay Pandurang Kamble 281 European 2438080 Method for the Preparation Garnaik Baijayantimala Patent Office of Copolymer-1 282 European 1611087 Process for Recovery of Highly Purushottam BP, Patent Office Pure Acrylonitrile Madhukar GS, William SR, Yashwant GM, Narayan JC

204 283 European EP2337562 Antifungal Compounds Borate Hanumant Bapurao, Patent Office Containing Benzothiazinone, Maujan Suleman Riyajsaheb, Benzoxazinone or Sawargave Sangmeshwer Benzoxazolinone and Process Prabhakar, Ramesh Ganesh Thereof Kelkar, Radhike Dilip Wakharkar, Chandavarkar Mohan Anand, Vaiude Sharangi Ravindra, Vinay Anant Joshi 284 European 2459282 Titanium Gel Composition for Mohan Kerba Dongare, Patent Office the Removal of Organic Dyes Shubhangi Bhalchandra and other Organic Umbarkar Contaminants from Aqueous Solution 285 European 1910266 A Process for The Preparation Barve Prashant Purushottam, Patent Office of Highly Pure (-(-)-Methyl kulkarni Bhaskar Dattatreya, Lactate Nene Sanjay Narayan, Shinde Ravindra William, Gupte Milind Y 286 European 2464714 Process for Producing Fatty Srinivas Darbha, Patent Office Acids Jitendra Kumar Satyarthi, Raja Thirumalaiswamy, Shilpa Shirish Deshpande 287 European 2459650 Accelerated Gelation of Shailesh Prakash Nagarkar, Patent Office Regenerated Fibroin Ashish Kishore Lele 288 Spain 2459282 Titanium Gel Composition for Mohan Kerba Dongare, the Removal of Organic Shubhangi Bhalchandra Dyes and other Organic Umbarkar Contaminants from Aqueous Solution 289 Spain 2459650 Accelerated Gelation Shailesh Prakash Nagarkar, of Regenerated Fibroin Ashish Kishore Lele 290 Spain 2470494 Novel Process for the Prashant Purushottam Barve, Preparation of Pure Methyl Bhaskar Dattatraya Kulkarni, Lactate from Alkali Metal Milind Yashwant Gupte, Lactate using Carbon Dioxide Sanjay Narayan Nene, and Methanol Ravindra William Shinde, Sanjay Pandurang Kamble 291 Spain 2464714 Process For Producing Fatty Srinivas Darbha, Acids Jitendra Kumar Satyarthi, Raja Thirumalaiswamy, Shilpa Shirish Deshpande 292 Spain 2451810 Continuous Flow Process for Amol Arvind Kulkarni, The Preparation of Sulphoxide Ramesh Anna Joshi, Compounds Rohini Ramesh Joshi, Nayana Tushar Nivangune, Manisha Abhiman Jagtap

205 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

293 France EP2337562 Antifungal Compounds Borate Hanumant Bapurao, Containing Benzothiazinone, Maujan Suleman Riyajsaheb, Benzoxazinone or Sawargave Sangmeshwer Benzoxazolinone and Prabhakar, Ramesh Ganesh Process Thereof Kelkar, Radhike Dilip Wakharkar, Chandavarkar Mohan Anand, Vaiude Sharangi Ravindra, Vinay Anant Joshi 294 France 2451810 Continuous Flow Process for Amol Arvind Kulkarni, the Preparation of Sulphoxide Ramesh Anna Joshi, Compounds Rohini Ramesh Joshi, Nayana Tushar Nivangune, Manisha Abhiman Jagtap 295 France 2464714 Process for Producing Fatty Srinivas Darbha, Acids Jitendra Kumar Satyarthi, Raja Thirumalaiswamy, Shilpa Shirish Deshpande 296 France 1611087 Process for Recovery of Highly Purushottam BP, Pure Acrylonitrile Madhukar GS, William SR, Yashwant GM, Narayan JC 297 France 2470494 Novel Process for the Prashant Purushottam Barve, Preparation of Pure Methyl Bhaskar Dattatraya Kulkarni, Lactate from Alkali Metal Milind Yashwant Gupte, Lactate using Carbon Dioxide Sanjay Narayan Nene, and Methanol Ravindra William Shinde, Sanjay Pandurang Kamble 298 France 2459650 Accelerated Gelation of Shailesh Prakash Nagarkar, Regenerated Fibroin Ashish Kishore Lele 299 United 1910266 A Process for the Preparation Barve Prashant Purushottam, Kingdom of Highly Pure (-)-Methyl kulkarni Bhaskar Dattatreya, Lactate Nene Sanjay Narayan, Shinde Ravindra William, Gupte Milind Y 300 United 2459282 Titanium Gel Composition for Mohan Kerba Dongare, Kingdom the Removal of Organic Dyes Shubhangi Bhalchandra and other Organic Umbarkar Contaminants from Aqueous Solution 301 United 1611087 Process for Recovery of Highly Purushottam BP, Kingdom Pure Acrylonitrile Madhukar GS, William SR, Yashwant GM, Narayan JC 302 United 2464714 Process for Producing Fatty Srinivas Darbha, Kingdom Acids Jitendra Kumar Satyarthi, Raja Thirumalaiswamy, Shilpa Shirish Deshpande

206 303 United 2459650 Accelerated Gelation of Shailesh Prakash Nagarkar, Kingdom Regenerated Fibroin Ashish Kishore Lele 304 United 2438080 Method for the Preparation Garnaik Baijayantimala Kingdom of Copolymer-1 305 United 2451810 Continuous Flow Process for Amol Arvind Kulkarni, Kingdom the Preparation of Sulphoxide Ramesh Anna Joshi, Compounds Rohini Ramesh Joshi, Nayana Tushar Nivangune, Manisha Abhiman Jagtap 306 United EP2337562 Antifungal Compounds Borate Hanumant Bapurao, Kingdom Containing Benzothiazinone, Maujan Suleman Riyajsaheb, Benzoxazinone or Sawargave Sangmeshwer Benzoxazolinone and Prabhakar, Ramesh Ganesh Process Thereof Kelkar, Radhike Dilip Wakharkar, Chandavarkar Mohan Anand, Vaiude Sharangi Ravindra, Vinay Anant Joshi 307 Italy EP2337562 Antifungal Compounds Borate Hanumant Bapurao, Containing Benzothiazinone, Maujan Suleman Riyajsaheb, Benzoxazinone or Sawargave Sangmeshwer Benzoxazolinone and Prabhakar, Ramesh Ganesh Process Thereof Kelkar, Radhike Dilip Wakharkar, Chandavarkar Mohan Anand, Vaiude Sharangi Ravindra, Vinay Anant Joshi 308 Italy 2451810 Continuous Flow Process for Amol Arvind Kulkarni, the Preparation of Ramesh Anna Joshi, Sulphoxide Compounds Rohini Ramesh Joshi, Nayana Tushar Nivangune, Manisha Abhiman Jagtap 309 Italy 1611087 Process for Recovery of Highly Purushottam BP, Madhukar Pure Acrylonitrile GS, William SR, Yashwant GM, Narayan JC 310 Italy 2459650 Accelerated Gelation of Shailesh Prakash Nagarkar, Regenerated Fibroin Ashish Kishore Lele 311 Japan 5398744 Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Vijayamohanan K. Pillai, Swcnts, a Key to Increase the R. Kannan, Conductivity of Nafion Bhalchandra A. Kakade Membranes for Pemfcs Applications 312 Japan 5388841 Water-Soluble Macromonomers Kulkarni Mohan Containing Terminal Gopalakrishna, Unsaturation and the Process Patil Prerana Maruti for Prepration Thereof

207 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

313 South Korea 10-1320413 Process for Producing Darbha Srinivas, Rajendra Hydrocarbon Fuel Srivastava, Paul Ratnasamy 314 South Korea 10-1366063 Transesterification Catalyst, Darbha Srinivas, Rajendra Process Foer Preparation Srivastava, Paul Ratnasamy Thereof and a Process for Transesterification using the Catalyst 315 Mexico 314581 Transesterification Catalyst, Darbha Srinivas, Rajendra Process foer Preparation Srivastava, Paul Ratnasamy Thereof and a Process for Transesterification using the Catalyst 316 Malaysia MY-149309 Transesterification Catalyst, Darbha Srinivas, Rajendra Process Foer Preparation Srivastava, Paul Ratnasamy Thereof and a Process for Transesterification using the Catalyst 317 Netherlands 2470494 Novel Process for the Prashant Purushottam Barve, Preparation of Pure Methyl Bhaskar Dattatraya Kulkarni, Lactate from Alkali Metal Milind Yashwant Gupte, Lactate using Carbon Dioxide Sanjay Narayan Nene, and Methanol Ravindra William Shinde, Sanjay Pandurang Kamble 318 Netherlands 1910266 A Process for the Preparation Barve Prashant Purushottam, of Highly Pure (-)-Methyl kulkarni Bhaskar Dattatreya, Lactate Nene Sanjay Narayan, Shinde Ravindra William, Gupte Milind Y 319 Netherlands 1611087 Process for Recovery of Highly Purushottam BP, Pure Acrylonitrile Madhukar GS, William SR, Yashwant GM, Narayan JC 320 Poland 2459282 Titanium Gel Composition for Mohan Kerba Dongare, the Removal of Organic Dyes Shubhangi Bhalchandra and other Organic Umbarkar Contaminants from Aqueous Solution 321 Sweden 2459282 Titanium Gel Composition for Mohan Kerba Dongare, the Removal of Organic Dyes Shubhangi Bhalchandra and other Organic Umbarkar Contaminants from Aqueous Solution 322 Sweden 2438080 Method for the Preparation Garnaik Baijayantimala of Copolymer-1 323 United States 8663618 Surface Modified Porous Polymers Prasad LV Bhagavatula, of America for Enhanced Cell Growth Virginia D Britto

208 324 United States 8633294 Lactic Acid-Isosorbide Idage; Bhaskar Bhairavnath of America Copolyesters and Process for Idage; Susheela, the Preparation Thereof Bhaskar, Swaminathan; Sivaram 325 United States 8529731 Process for Fractionating Anjanikumar Jyotiprasad of America Sugarcane Bagasse Into Varma High .Alpha.-Cellulose Pulp, Xylan and Lignin 326 United States 8674131 Process for Preparation of Pure Barve; Prashant Purushottam, of America lkyl Esters from Alkali Metal Kulkarni; Bhaskar Salt of Carboxylic Acid Dattatraya, Gupte; Milind Yashwant, Nene; Sanjay Narayan, Shinde; Ravindra, William 327 United States 8558010 Aziridination of Olefins Karbal; Pratibha Uttam, of America Chouthaiwale; Pandurang Vilasrao, Suryavanshi; Gurunath Mallappa, Sudalai; Arumugam, Tanveer Mahamadal 328 United States 8440844 Process for the Preparation of Varun Rawat, Pandurang of America Beta.-Amino Alcohol Vilasrao Chouthaiwale, Vilas Bhiku Chavan, Gurunath Mallappa Suryavanshi, Arumugam Sudalai 329 United States 8628961 Small Molecule Antagonists of Degterev; Alexei of America Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5- (Brookline, US), Ramana; Triphosphate (PIP3) and uses Chepuri Venkata (Pune, in), Thereof Miao; Benchun (Quincy, US) 330 South Africa 2012/09026 Antitubercular Agents Dhiman Sarkar, Sampa Sarkar, Rohit Ramesh Joshi, Vijay Murlidhar Khedkar, Raghuvir Ramakant Pissurlenkar, Evans Cliffton Coutinho, Anamik Kantilal Shah CSIR-NEERI 331 South Africa 2013/4227 Organic-inorganic Composite Rayalu Sadhana Suresh, Material for Removal of Labhasetwar Nitin Kumar, Anionic Pollutants From Water Bansiwal Amit Kumar, and Process for the Thakre Kashinath Dilip, Preparation Thereof Jagtap Manohar Sneha

209 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

CSIR-NEIST 332 China ZL200980118933.8 Method for the Preparation of Romesh Chandra Boruah, 17-Acetamido-3-Acetoxy- Moyurima Borthakur, 16-Formyl-Androst-5,17-Diene Madan Gopal Barthakur, and 3-Acetoxy-2'-Chloro-5- Paruchuri Gangadhar Rao, Androsteno [17,16-B] Pyridine Sudip Kumar Kar, Annalakshmi Chinniah, Suchandra Goswami, Pratap Kumar Das 333 United States 8513226 Simultaneous Method for the Romesh Chandra Boruah, of America Preparation of a Mixture of 3- Moyurima Borthakur, Acetoxy-17-Acetamido-16- Madan Gopal Barthakur, Formyl-Cndrost-5,17-Diene Paruchuri Gangadhar Rao, and 3-Acetoxy-2'-Chloro-5- Sudip Kumar Kar, Androsteno [17,16-B] Pyridine Annalakshmi Chinniah, Suchandra Goswami, Pratap Kumar Das 334 United States 8471068 Process for the Preparation of Dutta Dipak Kumar, of America 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Pathak Madan Gopal Butan-2-One using Solid Acid Clay Catalyst NEIST+IGIB 335 United States 8680288 Pyridin-2yl Sulfanyl Acid Esters Sarma; Jadab Chandra, of America and Process for the Bora; Dilip Preparation Thereof Chandra, Rao; Paruchuri Gangadhar, Ghosh; Balaram, Balwani; Sakshi CSIR-NGRI 336 Australia 2007340850 Technique and a Device for Tadepalli Rammohan Prasad, Measurement of Spectral Boppana Dasaradha Induced Polarization Response Ramayya, Yelamanchili using Pseuedo Random Binary Purnachandra Rao Sequence (PRBS) Current Source 337 Germany 2102688 Technique and a Device for Tadepalli Rammohan Prasad, Measurement of Spectral Boppana Dasaradha Induced Polarization Response Ramayya, Yelamanchili using Pseuedo Random Binary Purnachandra Rao Sequence (PRBS) Current Source 338 European 2102688 Technique and a Device for Tadepalli Rammohan Prasad, Patent Office Measurement of Spectral Boppana Dasaradha Induced Polarization Response Ramayya, Yelamanchili using Pseuedo Random Binary Purnachandra Rao Sequence (PRBS) Current Source

210 339 France 2102688 Technique and a Device for Tadepalli Rammohan Prasad, Measurement of Spectral Boppana Dasaradha Induced Polarization Response Ramayya, Yelamanchili using Pseuedo Random Binary Purnachandra Rao Sequence (PRBS) Current Source 340 United 2102688 Technique and a Device for Adepalli Rammohan Prasad, Measurement of Spectral T Boppana Dasaradha Induced Polarization Response Ramayya, Yelamanchili using Pseuedo Random Binary Purnachandra Rao Sequence (PRBS) Current Source 341 Netherlands 2102688 Technique and a Device for Tadepalli Rammohan Prasad, Measurement of Spectral Boppana Dasaradha Induced Polarization Response Ramayya, Yelamanchili using Pseuedo Random Binary Purnachandra Rao Sequence (PRBS) Current Source 342 Sweden 2102688 Technique and a Device for Tadepalli Rammohan Prasad, Measurement of Spectral Boppana Dasaradha Induced Polarization Response Ramayya, Yelamanchili using Pseuedo Random Binary Purnachandra Rao Sequence (PRBS) Current Source 343 United States 8607618 Electronic Level Sensor and Muralidharan; Devanatha, of America Timer Based Falling Head Soil Rajendra Prasad; Nanduri Permeameter Purushotham, Srinivasulu; Rallapalli Suryanarayana Kanaka CSIR-NIIST 344 Australia 2010228847 Preparation of Green Colorant Mundlapudi Lakshmipathi From Mixed Rare Earth and Reddy Molybdenum Compounds and Process Thereof as Surface Coatings 345 China ZL200980158858.8 A Process for the Preparation Mundlapudi Lakshmipathi of Novel Non-toxic Yellow Reddy Inorganic Colorant/pigment From Samarium and Molybdenum Compounds 346 Germany 2411333 Preparation of Green Colorant Mundlapudi Lakshmipathi From Mixed Rare Earth and Reddy Molybdenum Compounds and Process Thereof as Surface Coatings 347 European 2411333 Preparation of Green Colorant Mundlapudi Lakshmipathi Patent Office from Mixed Rare Earth and Reddy Molybdenum Compounds and Process Thereof as Surface Coatings

211 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

348 Japan 5302008 Multifunctuinal Alcohols from Vadakkethonippurathu Cardanol, its Multifunctional Sivankutty Nair Prasad, Acrylic Cross-Linker and Highly Chennakkattu Krishna Pendant Phosphorus Flame Sadasivan Pillai Retardant Derivatives 349 Japan 5468208 Development of Yellow Pigments Padala Prabhakar Rao, Comprising Alkaline Earth, Mundlapudi Lakshmipathi Praseodymium and Transition Reddy Metal Oxides and Process Thereof 350 Japan 5404905 A process for the preparation of Mundlapudi Lakshmipathi Novel Non-toxic Yellow Inorganic Reddy Colorant/Pigment from Samarium and Molybdenum Compounds 351 Japan 5335436 A process for the Synthesis of Syamakumari Asha, Telechelic Urethane Acrylate UV Chennakkattu Krishna Curble Pre Polymer Materials Sadasivan Pillai from Renewable Resources 352 United States 8623336 Transparent Xyloglucan/Chitosan Tholath; Emilia Abraham, of America Gel and a Process for the Ghandroth; Kalyad Simi Preparation Thereof 353 United States 8529790 White Light Emitting Organogel Ajayaghosh; Ayyappanpillai, of America and Process Thereof Vijayakumar; Chakkooth, Praveen; Vakayil K. CSIR-NIO 354 Austria 2010202 Antibacterial Compounds Mahajan; Girish Badrinath, George; Saji David, Ranadive; Prafull Vasant, Mishra; Prabhu Dutt Satyanaraya, Eyyammadichiyil; Sreekumar Sankaranarayanan, Panshikar; Rajan Mukund, Sawant; Satish Namdeo, Krishna; Sridevi, Sivakumar; Meenakshi Pari; Koteppa Thomas; Becky Mary, Patel; Zarine Eruch, Vishwakarma; Ram , Naik; Chandrakant Govind, D`souza; Lisette Devi; Prabha 355 Switzerland 2010202 Antibacterial Compounds Mahajan; Girish Badrinath, George; Saji David, Ranadive; Prafull Vasant, Mishra; Prabhu. Dutt Satyanarayan, Eyyammadichiyil; Sreekumar Sankaranarayanan, Panshikar; Rajan Mukund, Sawant; Satish Namdeo, Krishna; Sridevi, Sivakumar; Meenakshi, Pari; Koteppa, Thomas; Becky Mary, Patel; Zarine Eruch, Vishwakarma; Ram, Naik; Chandrakant Govind, D`Souza; Lisette, Devi; Prabha

212 356 European 2010202 Antibacterial Compounds Mahajan; Girish Badrinath, Patent Office George; Saji David, Ranadive; Prafull Vasant Mishra; Prabhu Dutt Satyanarayan, Eyyammadichiyil; Sreekumar Sankaranarayanan, Panshikar; Rajan Mukund, Sawant; Satish Namdeo, Krishna; Sridevi, Sivakumar; Meenakshi, Pari; Koteppa, Thomas; Becky Mary, Patel; Zarine, Eruch, Vishwakarma; Ram, Naik; Chandrakant Govind, D`souza; Lisette Devi; Prabha 357 Hungary 2010202 Antibacterial Compounds Mahajan; Girish Badrinath, George; Saji, David Ranadive; Prafull Vasant, Mishra; Prabhu Dutt Satyanarayan, Eyyammadichiyil; Sreekumar Sankaranarayanan, Panshikar; Rajan Mukund, Sawant; Satish Namdeo, Krishna; Sridevi, Sivakumar; Meenakshi, Pari; Koteppa, Thomas; Becky Mary, Patel; Zarine Eruch, Vishwakarma; Ram, Naik; Chandrakant Govind, D`Souza; Lisette, Devi; Prabha 358 Ireland 2010202 Antibacterial Compounds Mahajan; Girish Badrinath, George; Saji David, Ranadive; Prafull Vasant, Mishra; Prabhu Dutt Satyanarayan, Eyyammadichiyil; Sreekumar Sankaranarayanan, Panshikar; Rajan Mukund, Sawant; Satish Namdeo, Krishna; Sridevi, Sivakumar; Meenakshi, Pari; Koteppa, Thomas; Becky Mary, Patel; Zarine Eruch, Vishwakarma; Ram, Naik; Chandrakant Govind, D`Souza; Lisette, Devi; Prabha

213 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

359 Italy 2010202 Antibacterial Compounds Mahajan; Girish Badrinath, George; Saji David, Ranadive; Prafull Vasant, Mishra; Prabhu Dutt Satyanarayan, Eyyammadichiyil; Sreekumar Sankaranarayanan, Panshikar; Rajan Mukund, Sawant; Satish Namdeo, Krishna; Sridevi, Sivakumar; Meenakshi, Pari; Koteppa, Thomas; Becky Mary, Patel; Zarine Eruch, Vishwakarma; Ram, Naik; Chandrakant Govind, D`Souza; Lisette, Devi; Prabha 360 Japan 5237102 Method and Appratus for Aniruddha Bhalchandra Disinfection of Sea Water/ship's Pandit, Vivek Vinayak Ballast Water Ranade, Arga Chandrashekar Anil, Subhash Shivram Sawant, Ilangovan Dandayudapani, Madhan Rajachandran, Pilarisetty Venkat Krishnamur CSIR-NMITLI 361 Malaysia MY-150954-A Detection of Pathogens using Chintalagiri Mohan Rao, DNA Macroarrays Kunchala Sridhar Rao, Puppala Venkat Ramchander, Hajib Naraharirao Madhavan, Savitri Sharma, Gita Satpathy, Ravi Kumar Venkata Banda 362 Taiwan I410491 Detection of Pathogens using Chintalagiri Mohan Rao, DNA Macroarrays Kunchala Sridhar Rao, Puppala Venkat Ramchander, Hajib Naraharirao Madhavan, Savitri Sharma, Gita Satpathy, Ravi Kumar Venkata Banda 363 United States 8492100 Autoantibodies for Protein Zingde; Surekha Mahesh, of America Antigens as Markers for Cancer Shukla; Sanjeev, of Gingivo-Buccal Complex Sirdeshmukh; Ravi, Sundaram; Curam Sreenivasacharlu, D'cruz; Anil Keith, Pathak; Kumar Alok, Kane; Shubhada Vijay

214 364 United States 8465951 Method for Simultaneous Chintalagiri Mohan Rao, of America Detection and Discrimination of Kunchala Sridhar Rao, Bacterial, Fungal, Parasitic and Puppala Venkat Viral Infections of Eye and Ramchander, Hajib Central Nervous System Naraharirao Madhavan, Savitri Sharma, Gita Satpathy, Ravi Kumar Venkata Banda CSIR-NPL 365 China ZL200810098697.5 A Process for Preparation of Harish Chander, Virendra Metal Oxides with Dopants in Shanker, Divi Haranath, Lower Valence State by Pooja Sharma Combustion Synthesis Technique in Nanowire form 366 European 2398933 An Improved Process to Deposit Kumar Sushil, Dixit Prakash Patent Office Diamond Like Carbon as Narain, Rauthan Chandra Protective Coating on Inner Mohan Singh Surface of Bottles 367 France 2398933 An Improved Process to Kumar Sushil, Dixit Prakash Deposit Diamond Like Carbon Narain, Rauthan Chandra as Protective Coating on Inner Mohan Singh Surface of Bottles 368 Japan 5399040 A Process for Preparation of Arora Narinder Kumar, Oxide Superconducting Rods Padam Gursharan Kaur, Sethi Ramesh, Sharma Mukul, Ekbote Shrikant Narayan 369 South Korea 10-1378171 A Novel Method for Joining Ekbote Shrikant Narayan, Oxide-superconducting Tubes Padam Gursharan Kaur, with a Superconducting Joint Arora Narendra Kumar, Sharma Mukul, Sethi Ramesh 370 United States 8530389 Process for the Preparation of Arora Narinder Kumar, of America Oxide Superconducting Rods Padam Gursharan Kaur, Sethi Ramesh, Sharma Mukul, Ekbote Shrikant Narayan 371 United States 8491820 Process for Growing an Modeeparampil; of America Electron Injection Layer to Kamalasanan Narayanan, Improve the Efficiency of Srivastava; Ritu, Grover; Organic Light Emitting Diodes Rakhi, Dhawan; Sundeep Kumar Chand; Suresh Bawa; S. S. 372 United States 8586151 Process for the Preparation of Kumar; Sushil, of America Photoluminescent Dixit; Prakash Narain, Nanostructured Silicon Thin Rauthan; Films using Radio Frequency Chandra Mohan Singh Plasma Discharge 373 United States 8609053 Process for Preparing of Shander; Harish, of America Nanowires of Metal Oxides with Shanker; Virendra, Dopants in Lower Valence State Haranath; Divi Sharma; Pooja

215 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014 Annexure-IV Area-wise Research Publications (TOP 50 Papers) By CSIR Labs BASED ON IMPACT FACTOR OF THE JOURNALS

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES S.No. Lab First Author Journal IF 1. CDRI Goel, A Chemical Reviews; 2013, Vol 113, Iss 3, Pp 1614-1640 45.661 2. CDRI Reddy, LVR Chemical Reviews; 2013, Vol 113, Iss 5, Pp 3605-3631 45.661 3. IGIB Basu, S Chemical Reviews; 2013, Vol 113, Iss 10, Pp 7952-7980 45.661 4. IIIM Bharate, SB Chemical Reviews; 2013, Vol 113, Iss 8, Pp 6761-6815 45.661 5. IICB Ganguly, D Nature Reviews Immunology; 2013, Vol 13, Iss 8, 33.836 Pp 566-577 6. CCMB Witt, H Nature Genetics; 2013, Vol 45, Iss 10, Pp 1216-U359 29.648 7. IICB Guha, R Science Translational Medicine; 2013, Vol 5, Iss 202 14.414 8. IGIB Agrawal, A Plos Medicine; 2013, Vol 10, Iss 6, Pp E1001468- 14.000 9. CCMB Paliwal, S Gut; 2013, Vol 62, Iss 11, Pp 1602-1606 13.319 10. CCMB Beer, S Gut; 2013, Vol 62, Iss 11, Pp 1616-1624 13.319 11. IICB Ghosh, J Cell Host & Microbe; 2013, Vol 13, Iss 3, Pp 277-288 12.194 12. IIIM Ahmad, Z American Journal of Respiratory And Critical Care 2013, Vol 188 Medicine; Iss 1, Pp 97-102 11.986 13. IMTech Wu, Q Journal of The American Chemical Society; 2013, 11.444 Vol 135, Iss 5, Pp 1872-1881 14. CCMB Sirohi, K Autophagy; 2013, Vol 9, Iss 4, Pp 510-527 11.423 15. CDRI IICT Siriwardena, A Angewandte Chemie-International Edition; 2013, 11.336 Vol 52, Iss 39, Pp 10221-10226 16. IGIB Kulshreshtha, A Journal of Allergy And Clinical Immunology; 2013, 11.248 Vol 131, Iss 4, Pp 1194-+ 17. IGIB Sinha, A Journal of Allergy And Clinical Immunology; 2013, 11.248 Vol 132, Iss 1, Pp 219-222 18. CCMB Moorjani, P American Journal of Human Genetics; 2013, Vol 93, 10.987 Iss 3, Pp 422-438 19. CCMB Kumar, RP Nature Communications; 2013, Vol 4, Iss , Pp 1844- 10.742 20. IICB Mukherjee, B Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences of 9.809 The United States of America; 2013, Vol 110, Iss 7, Pp E575-E582 21. IICB Sen Santara, S Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences of 9.809 The United States of America; 2013, Vol 110, Iss 42, Pp 16790-16795

216 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES S.No. Lab First Author Journal IF 22. CCMB Ghosh, S Blood; 2013, Vol 122, Iss 8, Pp 1478-1486 9.775 23. CCMB Albert, B Journal of Cell Biology; 2013, Vol 202, Iss 2, Pp 201-210 9.688 24. CCMB Suri, D Biological Psychiatry; 2013, Vol 73, Iss 7, Pp 658-666 9.472 25. IGIB Kalia, VC Biotechnology Advances; 2013, Vol 31, Iss 2, Pp 224-245 8.905 26. IGIB Beaume, N Nucleic Acids Research; 2013, Vol 41, Iss 1, Pp 76-89 8.808 27. IICB Debnath, S Nucleic Acids Research; 2013, Vol 41, Iss 1, Pp 366-377 8.800 28. IMTech Mangal, M Nucleic Acids Research; 2013, Vol 41, Iss D1, 8.808 Pp D1124-D1129 29. CCMB Ahanger, SH Nucleic Acids Research; 2013, Vol 41, Iss 2, Pp 804-816 8.808 30. IGIB Ditzler, MA Nucleic Acids Research; 2013, Vol 41, Iss 3, 8.808 Pp 1873-1884 31. IGIB Mandal, AK Nucleic Acids Research; 2013, Vol 41, Iss 4, 8.808 Pp 2121-2137 32. IGIB Soni, K Nucleic Acids Research; 2013, Vol 41, Iss 8, 8.808 Pp 4470-4480 33. IGIB Soni, K Nucleic Acids Research; 2013, Vol 41, Iss 8, 8.808 Pp 4470-4480 34. IICB Paul, I Oncogene; 2013, Vol 32, Iss 10, Pp 1284-1295 8.559 35. CCMB Ahmad, S Elife; 2013, Vol 2, Iss , Pp E01519- 8.519 36. IGIB Tabassum, R Diabetes; 2013, Vol 62, Iss 3, Pp 977-986 8.474 37. IICB Bhattacharjya, S Cell Death And Differentiation; 2013, Vol 20, Iss 3, 8.385 Pp 430-442 38. IICB Zareen, N Cell Death And Differentiation; 2013, Vol 20, Iss 12, 8.385 Pp 1719-1730 39. IITR IGIB Ray, L Biomaterials; 2013, Vol 34, Iss 12, Pp 3064-3076 8.312 40. CCMB Sambrani, N Plos Genetics; 2013, Vol 9, Iss 3, Pp E1003307- 8.167 41. CCMB Mallick, CB Plos Genetics; 2013, Vol 9, Iss 11, Pp E1003912- 8.167 42. IGIB Petersen, DC Plos Genetics; 2013, Vol 9, Iss 3, Pp E1003309- 8.167 43. IGIB Murthy, D Current Opinion In Biotechnology; 2013, Vol 24, Iss 6, 8.035 Pp 1129-1136 44. IICB Mazumder, A Embo Reports; 2013, Vol 14, Iss 11, Pp 1008-1016 7.858 45. IICB Naskar, A Journal of Pineal Research; 2013, Vol 55, Iss 3, 7.812 Pp 304-312

217 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES S.No. Lab First Author Journal IF 46. IICB Rudra, DS Journal of Pineal Research; 2013, Vol 54, Iss 4, 7.812 Pp 398-4058 47. IICB Adak, S Antioxidants & Redox Signaling; 2013, Vol 19, Iss 7, 7.667 Pp 746-754 48. NBRI Rawat, AKS Journal of Chemistry; 2013, Vol , Iss , Pp 915762- 7.622 49. CDRI Sharma, M Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology; 2013, Vol 9, 7.578 Iss 1, Pp 96-106 50. CDRI Gupta, A Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology; 2013, Vol 9, 7.578 Iss 5, Pp 915-925

218 Area-wise Research Publications (TOP 50 Papers) By CSIR Labs BASED ON IMPACT FACTOR OF THE JOURNALS

CHEMICAL SCIENCES S.No. Lab First Author Journal IF 1. IICT Mahadevi, AS Chemical Reviews; 2013, Vol 113, 45.661 Iss 3, Pp 2100-2138 2. CECRI Sathiya, M Nature Materials; 2013, Vol 12, Iss 9, Pp 827-835 36.425 3. NCL Itkin, M Science; 2013, Vol 341, Iss 6142, Pp 175-179 31.477 4. NCL Kumar, P Accounts of Chemical Research; 2013, Vol 46, Iss 2, 24.348 Pp 289-299 5. CECRI Demir-Cakan, Energy & Environmental Science; 2013, Vol 6, Iss 1, 15.490 R Pp 176-182 6. NCL Biswal, M Energy & Environmental Science; 2013, Vol 6, Iss 4, 15.490 Pp 1249-1259 7. CECRI Romero- Advanced Materials; 2013, Vol 25, Iss 39, Pp 5632-+ 15.409 Aburto, R 8. NCL Maity, S Journal of The American Chemical Society; 2013, 11.444 Vol 135, Iss 9, Pp 3355-3358 9. NCL Biswal, BP Journal of The American Chemical Society; 2013, 11.444 Vol 135, Iss 14, Pp 5328-5331 10. IICT Iwasaki, T Journal of The American Chemical Society; 2013, 11.444 Vol 135, Iss 26, Pp 9604-9607 11. NCL IICT Nair, RV Journal of The American Chemical Society; 2013, 11.444 Vol 135, Iss 31, Pp 11477-11480 12. CSMCRI Bisht, KK Journal of The American Chemical Society; 2013, 11.444 Vol 135, Iss 42, Pp 15690-15693 13. NCL Chandra, S Journal of The American Chemical Society; 2013, 11.444 Vol 135, Iss 47, Pp 17853-17861 14. NCL Arunan, E Angewandte Chemie-International Edition; 2013, 11.336 Vol 52, Iss 1, Pp 114-117 15. NCL Kumar, R Angewandte Chemie-International Edition; 2013, 11.336 Vol 52, Iss 5, Pp 1531-1534 16. IICT Patil, NT Angewandte Chemie-International Edition; 2013, 11.336 Vol 52, Iss 8, Pp 2251-2255 17. NCL CECRI Shinde, DB Angewandte Chemie-International Edition; 2013, 11.336 Vol 52, Iss 9, Pp 2482-2485 18. IICT Basavaraju, KC Angewandte Chemie-International Edition; 2013, 11.336 Vol 52, Iss 26, Pp 6735-6738

219 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

CHEMICAL SCIENCES S.No. Lab First Author Journal IF 19. IICT Higashibayashi, Angewandte Chemie-International Edition; 2013, 11.336 S Vol 52, Iss 28, Pp 7314-7316 20. NCL Bhunia, A Angewandte Chemie-International Edition; 2013, 11.336 Vol 52, Iss 38, Pp 10040-10043 21. NCL Kandambeth, S Angewandte Chemie-International Edition; 2013, 11.336 Vol 52, Iss 49, Pp 13052-13056 22. NCL Mallick, A Angewandte Chemie-International Edition; 2013, 11.336 Vol 52, Iss 51, Pp 13755-13759 23. CECRI Umadevi, S Advanced Functional Materials; 2013, 10.439 Vol 23, Iss 11, Pp 1393-1403 24. IICT Numata, Y Advanced Functional Materials; 2013, Vol 23, 10.439 Iss 14, Pp 1817-1823 25. NCL Narayan, R Advanced Functional Materials; 2013, Vol 23, 10.439 Iss 16, Pp 2033-2043 26. NCL Banerjee, A Nano Energy; 2013, Vol 2, Iss 5, Pp 890-896 10.211 27. NCL/ Banerjee, A Nano Energy; 2013, Vol 2, Iss 6, Pp 1158-1163 10.211 CSIR-HQ 28. NIIST Vendrell, M Trends In Biotechnology; 2013, Vol 31, Iss 4, Pp 249-257 10.040 29. NCL Kulkarni, AA Cancer Research; 2013, Vol 73, Iss 23, Pp 6987-6997 9.284 30. NIIST Stergiou, PY Biotechnology Advances; 2013, Vol 31, Iss 8, 8.905 Pp 1846-1859 31. NCL Narlikar, L Nucleic Acids Research; 2013, Vol 41, Iss 1, Pp 21-32 8.808 32. NCL Narlikar, L Nucleic Acids Research; 2013, Vol 41, Iss 3, 8.808 Pp 1416-1424 33. CSMCRI Suresh, M Chemical Science; 2013, Vol 4, Iss 6, Pp 2380-2386 8.601 34. IICT Jiang, YXL Chemical Science; 2013, Vol 4, Iss 8, Pp 3339-3346 8.601 35. CECRI Sathiya, M Chemistry of Materials; 2013, Vol 25, Iss 7, 8.535 Pp 1121-1131 36. CSIR-HQ Sarma, DD Chemistry of Materials; 2013, Vol 25, Iss 8, 8.535 Pp 1222-1232 37. NCL Kumari, S Chemistry of Materials; 2013, Vol 25, Iss 23, 8.535 Pp 4813-4819 38. IICT Mondal, G Biomaterials; 2013, Vol 34, Iss 26, Pp 6249-6260 8.312 39. IICT IGIB Pore, S. K. Biomaterials; 2013, Vol 34, Iss 28, Pp 6804-6817 8.312 CCMB

220 CHEMICAL SCIENCES S.No. Lab First Author Journal IF 40. NIIST Gupta, SC Clinical Cancer Research; 2013, Vol 19, Iss 16, 8.193 Pp 4465-4476 41. NCL Gnanakumar, ES Acs Catalysis; 2013, Vol 3, Iss 3, Pp 303-311 7.572 42. NCL Ghatak, K Acs Catalysis; 2013, Vol 3, Iss 5, Pp 920-927 7.572 43. NCL Bhaumik, P Acs Catalysis; 2013, Vol 3, Iss 10, Pp 2299-2303 7.572 44. CSMCRI Saravanan, S Acs Catalysis; 2013, Vol 3, Iss 12, Pp 2873-2880 7.572 45. NCL Sheikh, A Small; 2013, Vol 9, Iss 12, Pp 2091-2096 7.514 46. NIIST Nair, LV Small; 2013, Vol 9, Iss 16, Pp 2673-2677 7.514 47. NCL Mhamane, D Small; 2013, Vol 9, Iss 16, Pp 2801-2809 7.514 48. IICT Desai, PR Journal of Controlled Release; 2013, Vol 170, 7.261 Iss 1, Pp 51-63 49. IICT Mondal, G Journal of Controlled Release; 2013, Vol 172, 7.261 Iss 3, Pp 832-840 50. NCL Bansode, SB Molecular & Cellular Proteomics; 2013, Vol 12, 7.254 Iss 1, Pp 228-236

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Area-wise Research Publications (TOP 50 Papers) By CSIR Labs BASED ON IMPACT FACTOR OF THE JOURNALS

ENGINEERING SCIENCES S.No. Lab First Author Journal IF 1. NML Balaz, P Chemical Society Reviews; 2013, Vol 42, Iss 18, 30.425 Pp 7571-7637 2. CMERI Thiruvengadathan, Reports On Progress In Physics; 2013, Vol 76, Iss 6, 15.633 Pp 66501- 3. IMMT Moghimi, N Journal of The American Chemical Society; 2013, 11.444 Vol 135, Iss 30, Pp 10958-10961 4. IMMT Bachmeier, A Journal of The American Chemical Society; 2013, 11.444 Vol 135, Iss 40, Pp 15026-15032 5. CGCRI Maity, T Physical Review Letters; 2013, Vol 110, Iss 10, Pp 107-201 7.728 6. CMERI Chakraborty, S Physical Review Letters; 2013, Vol 110, Iss 18, 7.728 Pp 184-503 7. CSIR-HQ Hazarika, A Physical Review Letters; 2013, Vol 110, Iss 26, 7.728 Pp 267401- 8. NAL Sahana, H Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology; 2013, 7.578 Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 193-201 9. NAL Santra, S Acs Catalysis; 2013, Vol 3, Iss 12, Pp 2776-2789 7.572 10. IMMT NML Sahu, SCNano Research; 2013, Vol 6, Iss 9, Pp 635-643 6.963 11. NEERI Rao, NN Green Chemistry; 2013, Vol 15, Iss 6, Pp 1526-1529 6.852 12. NML Mohanty, A Nanoscale; 2013, Vol 5, Iss 16, Pp 7238-7241 6.739 13. IMMT Sahu, SC Nanoscale; 2013, Vol 5, Iss 22, Pp 11265-11274 6.739 14. CGCRI Bindumadhavan, K Chemical Communications; 2013, Vol 49, Iss 18, 6.718 Pp 1823-1825 15. CGCRI Saha, J Chemical Communications; 2013, Vol 49, Iss 56, 6.718 Pp 6322-6324 16. IMMT Baliarsingh, N Journal of Materials Chemistry A; 2013, Vol 1, Iss 13, 6.626 Pp 4236-4243 17. CGCRI Das, JK Journal of Materials Chemistry A; 2013, Vol 1, Iss 16, 6.626 Pp 4966-4973 18. CMERI Yan, Y Journal of Materials Chemistry A; 2013, Vol 1, Iss 19, 6.626 Pp 5892-5901 19. IMMT Martha, S Journal of Materials Chemistry A; 2013, 6.626 Vol 1, Iss 26, Pp 7816-7824

222 ENGINEERING SCIENCES S.No. Lab First Author Journal IF 20. CMERI Kuila, T Journal of Materials Chemistry A; 2013, Vol 1, 6.626 Iss 32, Pp 9294-9302 21. CSMCRI Pal, P Journal of Materials Chemistry A; 2013, Vol 1, 6.626 CGCRI Iss 35, Pp 10251-10258 22. CMERI Kim, NH Journal of Materials Chemistry A; 2013, Vol 1, 6.626 Iss 37, Pp 11320-11328 23. NML Singhbabu, YN Journal of Materials Chemistry C; 2013, Vol 1, Iss 5, 6.626 Pp 958-966 24. CGCRI Mishra, MK Journal of Materials Chemistry C; 2013, Vol 1, Iss 32, 6.626 Pp 4816-4820 25. CGCRI Mukherjee, J Journal of Materials Chemistry C; 2013, Vol 1, 6.626 Iss 42, Pp 6945-6951 26. IMMT Singh, BP Carbon; 2013, Vol 61, Iss, Pp 47-56 6.160 27. NAL Baidya, T Journal of Catalysis; 2013, Vol 303, Iss, Pp 117-129 6.073 28. NEERI Rayalu, SS Applied Catalysis B-Environmental; 2013, Vol 142, Iss, 6.007 Pp 684-693 29. IMMT Pradhan, GK Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces; 2013, Vol 5, 5.900 Iss 18, Pp 9101-9110 30. IMMT Sahu, SC Chemistry-A European Journal; 2013, Vol 19, 5.696 Iss 25, Pp 8220-8226 31. NEERI Rajkumar, M Environment International; 2013, Vol 53, Iss, Pp 74-86 5.664 32. CMERI Swati, G Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews; 2013, 5.510 Vol 20, Iss, Pp 420-429 33. CMERI Choudhury, B Applied Energy; 2013, Vol 104, Iss, Pp 554-567 5.261 34. NEERI Gosavi, PV Journal of Power Sources; 2013, Vol 222, Iss, Pp 1-9 5.211 35. CGCRI Dey, T Journal of Power Sources; 2013, Vol 233, 5.211 36. CGCRI Mukhopadhyay, J Journal of Power Sources; 2013, Vol 232, Iss, Pp 55-65 5.211 37. NEERI Etchie, AT Bulletin of The World Health Organization; 2013, 5.112 Vol 91, Iss 8, Pp 553-561 38. IMMT Nashim, A Chemcatchem; 2013, Vol 5, Iss 8, Pp 2352-2359 5.044 39. IMMT Reddy, KH Chemcatchem; 2013, Vol 5, Iss 12, Pp 3812-3820 5.044 40. NML Abhilash Bioresource Technology; 2013, Vol 128, Iss, 5.039 Pp 619-623 41. IMMT Panda, S Bioresource Technology; 2013, Vol 130, Iss, 5.039 Pp 332-338

223 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

ENGINEERING SCIENCES S.No. Lab First Author Journal IF 42. NEERI Chandrashekhar, B Bioresource Technology; 2013, Vol 130, Iss, 5.039 Pp 644-651 43. NEERI Shekh, AY Bioresource Technology; 2013, Vol 138, Iss, 5.039 Pp 382-386 44. NEERI Giri, BS Bioresource Technology; 2013, Vol 142, Iss, 5.039 Pp 420-427 45. CGCRI Ghorai, S Bioresource Technology; 2013, Vol 144, Iss, 5.039 Pp 485-491 46. IMMT Esther, J Bioresource Technology; 2013, Vol 146, Iss, 5.039 Pp 762-766 47. NEERI Manekar, Bioresource Technology; 2013, Vol 148, Iss, 5.039 Pp 334-342 48. NAL Selvakumar, N Solar Energy Materials And Solar Cells; 2013, 5.030 Vol 109, Iss, Pp 97-103 49. NAL Krishna, RH Journal of Physical Chemistry C; 2013, Vol 117, Iss 4, 4.835 Pp 1915-1924 50. CGCRI Bhoi, D Journal of Physical Chemistry C; 2013, Vol 117, 4.835 Iss 32, Pp 16658-16664

224 Area-wise Research Publications (TOP 50 Papers) By CSIR Labs BASED ON IMPACT FACTOR OF THE JOURNALS

INFORMATION SCIENCES S.No. Lab First Author Journal IF 1. 4PI Bilham, R Science; 2013, Vol 341, Iss 6146, Pp 618-619 31.477 2. 4PI Krishnan, R Climate Dynamics; 2013, Vol 40, 4.619 Iss 41641, Pp 187-211 3. CSIR-HQ Seal, A Journal of Cheminformatics; 2013, Vol 5, . Pp 2- 4.540 4. URDIP Telang, M Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents; 2013, 3.441 Vol 23, Iss 12, Pp 1561-1580 5. 4PI Kitoh, A Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres; 2013, 3.440 Vol 118, Iss 8, Pp 3053-3065 6. URDIP Telang, MA Placenta; 2013, Vol 34, Iss 1, Pp 2-8 3.285 7. NISCAIR Kumar, R Journal of Ethnopharmacology; 2013, Vol 146, 2.939 Iss 2, Pp 581-593 8. NISTADS Biswas, PK Energy Policy; 2013, Vol 52, Iss, Pp 789-796 2.696 9. NISTADS Ahmed, KKM Scientometrics; 2013, Vol 94, Iss 2, Pp 741-754 2.274 10. NISTADS Basu, A Scientometrics; 2013, Vol 94, Iss 3, Pp 1007-1019 2.274 11. NISCAIR Prathap, G Scientometrics; 2013, Vol 95, Iss 2, Pp 563-570 2.274 12. 4PI Goswami, P Journal of Applied Meteorology And Climatology; 2013, 2.099 Vol 52, Iss 6, Pp 1329-1347 13. NISCAIR Neeha, VS Journal of Food Science And Technology-Mysore; 2013, 2.024 Vol 50, Iss 3, Pp 415-428 14. 4PI Goswami, P Natural Hazards; 2013, Vol 65, Iss 3, Pp 1703-1722 1.958 15. NISCAIR Kinth, P Zebrafish; 2013, Vol 10, Iss 4, Pp 510-517 1.772 16. 4PI Mathankumar, R European Physical Journal-Special Topics; 2013, 1.760 Vol 222, Iss 41702, Pp 769-776 17. NISTADS Sahoo, N Journal of Alternative And Complementary Medicine; 1.518 2013, Vol 19, Iss 12, Pp 957-963 18. 4PI Sekhar, M Earth Interactions; 2013, Vol 17, Iss , Pp 10- 1.404 19. NISTADS Ghosh, J International Journal of Production Research; 2013, 1.323 Vol 51, Iss 10, Pp 2900-2914 20. 4PI Rajendran, K Journal of The Meteorological Society of Japan; 2013, 1.318 Vol 91a, Iss, Pp 195-215 21. NISCAIR Mahesh, G Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics; 2013, 1.077 Vol 50, Iss 3, Pp 247-248

225 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

INFORMATION SCIENCES S.No. Lab First Author Journal IF 22. NISTADS Beumer, K Science And Public Policy; 2013, Vol 40, 0.985 Iss 5, Pp 628-643

23. NISTADS Ghosh, J Ieee Transactions on Engineering Management; 2013, 0.938 Vol 60, Iss 3, Pp 604-616

5. CSIR-HQ Hasan, SA Current Science; 2013, Vol 104, Iss 4, Pp 430-434 0.833

26. NISCAIR Prathap, G Current Science; 2013, Vol 104, Iss 5, Pp 569-571 0.833

27. NISTADS Jamal, T Current Science; 2013, Vol 104, Iss 5, Pp 590-595 0.833

28. 4PI Ramesh, KV Current Science; 2013, Vol 104, Iss 9, Pp 1147-1148 0.833

29. 4PI Rajendran, K Current Science; 2013, Vol 104, Iss 10, Pp 1409-1418 0.833

30. NISCAIR Prathap, G Current Science; 2013, Vol 104, Iss 12, Pp 1605-1605 0.833

31. NISCAIR Prathap, G Current Science; 2013, Vol 105, Iss 1, Pp 10-10 0.833

32. NISCAIR Prathap, G Current Science; 2013, Vol 105, Iss 1, Pp 20-21 0.833

33. 4PI Swathi, PS Current Science; 2013, Vol 105, Iss 2, Pp 201-208 0.833

34. NISCAIR Prathap, G Current Science; 2013, Vol 105, Iss 4, Pp 431-432 0.833

35. NISCAIR Prathap, G Current Science; 2013, Vol 105, Iss 6, Pp 747-748 0.833

36. NISTADS Mrinalini, N Current Science; 2013, Vol 105, Iss 6, Pp 767-773 0.833

37. NISCAIR Prathap, G Current Science; 2013, Vol 105, Iss 7, Pp 882-883 0.833

38. URDIP Jadhav, AN Current Science; 2013, Vol 105, Iss 10, Pp 1393-1400 0.833

39. NISCAIR Bhoopal, RS Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics; 2013, 0.711 Vol 51, Iss 2, Pp 118-124

40. 4PI Parvez, IA Geomatics Natural Hazards & Risk; 2013, 0.622 Vol 4, Iss 4, Pp 299-319

41. NISCAIR Bhoopal, RS Journal of Porous Media; 2013, Vol16,Iss7, Pp585-596 0.467

42. NISCAIR Kumar, R Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge; 2013, 0.438 Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 40-46

43. NISCAIR Singh, RK Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge; 2013, 0.438 Vol 12, Iss 3, Pp 547-562

44. NISTADS Jamalpuria, A Environment And Development Economics; 2013, 0 Vol 18, Iss 6, Pp 749-772

226 Area-wise Research Publications (TOP 50 Papers) By CSIR Labs BASED ON IMPACT FACTOR OF THE JOURNALS

PHYSICAL SCIENCES S.No. Lab First Author Journal IF 1. NPL Biscaras, J Nature Materials; 2013, Vol 12, Iss 6, Pp 542-548 36.425 2. NIO Church, JA Science; 2013, Vol 342, Iss 6165, Pp 1445-1445 31.477 3. NPL Kyaw, AKK Advanced Materials; 2013, Vol 25, Iss 17, 15.409 Pp 2397-2402 4. NPL Wang, DH Advanced Energy Materials; 2013, Vol 3, Iss 9, 14.385 Pp 1161-1165 5. NPL Kyaw, AKK Acs Nano; 2013, Vol 7, Iss 5, Pp 4569-4577 12.033 6. NPL Evans, DM Nature Communications; 2013, Vol 4, Iss , Pp 1534- 10.742 7. NIO Assmy, P Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences of 9.809 The United States of America; 2013, Vol 110, Iss 51, Pp 20633-20638 8. NPL Kumar, P Progress In Photovoltaic; 2013,Vol 2, Iss 5, Pp 950-959 9.696 9. NIO Vinothkumar, S Biotechnology Advances; 2013, Vol 31, Iss 8, 8.905 Pp 1826-1845 10. NGRI Kerrich, R Gondwana Research; 2013, Vol 23, Iss 2, Pp 506-525 8.122 11. NGRI Mohan, MR Gondwana Research; 2013, Vol 23, Iss 2, Pp 539-557 8.122 12. NPL Mukherjee, S Physical Review Letters; 2013, Vol 111, Iss 8, Pp 87601- 7.728 13. NPL Singh, K Nanoscale; 2013, Vol 5, Iss 6, Pp 2411-2420 6.739 14. NPL Ali, MA Nanoscale; 2013, Vol 5, Iss 7, Pp 2883-2891 6.739 15. NPL Srivastava, S Nanoscale; 2013, Vol 5, Iss 7, Pp 3043-3051 6.739 16. NPL Khurana, G Nanoscale; 2013, Vol 5, Iss 8, Pp 3346-3351 6.739 17. NPL Pandey, CM Nanoscale; 2013, Vol 5, Iss 9, Pp 3800-3807 6.739 18. NPL Saini, P Nanoscale; 2013, Vol 5, Iss 10, Pp 4330-4336 6.739 19. NPL Mishra, SK Nanoscale; 2013, Vol 5, Iss 21, Pp 10494-10503 6.739 20. NPL Buch, Z Chemical Communications; 2013, Vol 49, Iss 82, 6.718 Pp 9485-9487 21. CSIR-HQ Gerard, C Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters; 2013, Vol 4, 6.687 Iss 6 Pp 1023-1027 22. NPL Buch, Z Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters; 2013, Vol 4, 6.687 Iss 22, Pp 3834-3838 23. NPL Narayanan, R Journal of Materials Chemistry A; 2013, Vol 1, 6.626 Iss 12, Pp 3907-3918

227 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

PHYSICAL SCIENCES S.No. Lab First Author Journal IF 24. NPL Kumar, R Journal of Materials Chemistry A; 2013,Vol 1, 6.626 Iss 18, Pp 5727-5735 25. NPL Planells, M Journal of Materials Chemistry A; 2013, Vol 1, 6.626 Iss 23, Pp 6949-6960 26. NPL Shah, J Journal of Materials Chemistry A; 2013, Vol 1, 6.626 Iss 30, Pp 8601-8608 27. NPL Saini, P Journal of Materials Chemistry A; 2013, Vol 1, 6.626 Iss 31, Pp 8926-8934 28. NPL Gupta, TK Journal of Materials Chemistry A; 2013, Vol 1, 6.626 Iss 32, Pp 9138-9149 29. NPL Ghosal, A Journal of Materials Chemistry A; 2013, Vol 1, 6.626 Iss 41, Pp 12868-12878 30. NPL Sharma, R Journal of Materials Chemistry B; 2013, Vol 1, 6.626 Iss 4, Pp 464-474 31. NPL Sharma, A Journal of Materials Chemistry B; 2013, Vol 1, 6.626 Iss 27, Pp 3410-3418 32. NPL Singh, J Journal of Materials Chemistry B; 2013, Vol 1, 6.626 Iss 35, Pp 4493-4503 33. NPL Reshak, AH Journal of Materials Chemistry C; 2013, Vol 1, 6.626 Iss 31, Pp 4667-4675 34. NPL Mishra, S Journal of Materials Chemistry C; 2013, Vol 1, 6.626 Iss 37, Pp 5849-5855 35. NPL Zhou, Y Journal of Materials Chemistry C; 2013, Vol 1, 6.626 Iss 39, Pp 6308-6315 36. NPL Patel, MK Biosensors & Bioelectronics; 2013, Vol 45, 6.451 Iss, Pp 181-188 37. NPL Patel, MK Biosensors & Bioelectronics; 2013, Vol 50, 6.451 Iss, Pp 406-413 38. NPL Singh, AP Carbon; 2013, Vol 56, Iss, Pp 86-96 6.16 39. NGRI Venkateshwarlu, M Precambrian Research; 2013, Vol 224,Iss, Pp 588-596 6.023 40. NGRI Mohan, MR Precambrian Research; 2013, Vol 227, Iss, Pp 204-226 6.023 41. NGRI Tomson, JK Precambrian Research; 2013, Vol 227, Iss, Pp 295-315 6.023 42. NGRI Chandrakala, K Precambrian Research; 2013, Vol 231, Iss, Pp 277-289 6.023 43. NGRI Santosh, M Precambrian Research; 2013, Vol 231, Iss, Pp 301-324 6.023 44. NGRI Gopalan, K Precambrian Research; 2013, Vol 233, Iss, Pp 108-117 6.023

228 PHYSICAL SCIENCES S.No. Lab First Author Journal IF 45. NPL Dwivedi, N Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces; 2013, Vol 5, 5.900 Iss 7, Pp 2725-2732 46. NPL Kedawat, G Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces; 2013, Vol 5, 5.900 Iss 11, Pp 4872-4877 47. CSIO Singh, J Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces; 2013, Vol 5, 5.900 Iss 11, Pp 5346-5357 48. NPL Aggarwal, SG Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics; 2013, Vol 13, 5.298 Iss 9, Pp 4667-4680 49. NPL Rajesh Journal of Power Sources; 2013, Vol 223, Iss, Pp 23-29 5.211 50. CSIR-HQ Choudhury, D Scientific Reports; 2013, Vol 3, Pp 1433 5.078 51. NPL Gupta, V Scientific Reports; 2013, Vol 3, Pp 1965- 5.078 52. NPL Ali, MA Scientific Reports; 2013, Vol 3, Pp 2661- 5.078 53. CSIR-HQ Panda, SK Scientific Reports; 2013, Vol 3, Pp 2995 5.078 54. CSIO Kaur, R Scientific Reports; 2013, Vol 3, Pp 3008- 5.078

229 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014 Annexure-V Member of CSIR-Society

1. Hon'ble Prime Minister of India Office of the President, CSIR President Prime Minister's Office Room No. 148-B, South Block, New Delhi-110 011 2. Hon'ble Minister of Science & Technology and Earth Sciences Vice President, CSIR Vice-President Office of the VP, CSIR, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Anusandhan Bhawan 2, Rafi Marg, New Delhi - 110 001 3. Hon'ble Minister of Finance, Ministry of Finance, Member Room No. 132-C, North Block, New Delhi - 110 001 4. Hon'ble Minister of Commerce & Industry Member Ministry of Commerce & Industry Room No. 45, Udyog Bhawan, New Delhi 110 011 5. Dr. Sam Pitroda Member Chairman, National Innovation Council & Adviser to Prime Minister of India on Public Information Infrastructure & Innovations Room No. 125, Planning Commission Yojana Bhawan, Sansad Marg New Delhi-110001 6. Dr. K. Kasturirangan Member Member (S&T), Planning Commission Yojana Bhawan, Sansad Marg, New Delhi- 110001 7. Prof. M. M. Sharma, FRS Member Eminent Chemical Scientist & Former Director University Department of Chemical Technology 2/3, Jaswant Bagh, Behind AK Barally's VN Purav Marg, Mumbai - 400071 8. Prof. Raghavendra Gadagkar Member (Chairman) Advisory Board, CSIR and Professor Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru – 560 012 9. Prof. Gautam Barua Member (Mentor Director) Indian Institute of Information Technology Ambari, GNB Road (Assam Textile Institute Campus) Guwahati – 781001

230 10. Dr. Surinder Kapur Member (Founder Chairman) The Sona Auto Comp Group 38/6, NH-8 Delhi-Jaipur Road Gurgaon - 122 002 11. Dr. Preetha Reddy Member (Managing Director) Apollo Hospitals 21, Greams Lane Chennai - 600 006 12. Ms. Uma Reddy Member (Managing Director) M/s Hitech Magnetics & Electronics Pvt. Ltd. No.1 & 2 , MES Ring Road, Shardambanagar, Jalahalli Bengaluru - 560 013 13. Shri T.V. Mohandas Pai Member (Chairperson) Manipal Global Education Services Pvt. Ltd Manipal Education & Medical Group International Pvt. Ltd. No. 70, Grace Towers, 3rd Floor, Millers Road Bengaluru- 560 008 14. Shri Chandra Shekhar Verma Member (Chairman) Steel Authority of India Limited, Corporate Office, Ispat Bhawan, Lodi Road, New Delhi - 110 003 15. Shri Sudhir Vasudeva Member (Chairman and Managing Director) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited Jeevan Bharti, 6th Floor, Tower-II 124, Indira Chowk New Delhi - 110001 16. Prof. Sudhir Kumar Sopory Member (Vice - Chancellor) Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Campus New Delhi - 110 067 17. Prof. R. Kumar Member (Honorary Professor) Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru - 560 012 18. Prof. Manju Bansal Member Professor, Molecular Biophysics Unit Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru - 560 012

231 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

19. Prof. Javed Iqbal Executive Director and President & Founder Cosmic Discoveries Member Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli Hyderabad - 500 046 20. The Secretary Member Department of Health Research Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and Director-General Indian Council of Medical Research V. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, Ansari Nagar New Delhi - 110 029 21. The Secretary Member Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion Room No. 157, Udyog Bhawan New Delhi -110 011 22. The Secretary Member Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Block No. 14, CGO Complex, Lodi Road New Delhi - 110 003 23. The Secretary Member Ministry of Earth Sciences Prithvi Bhawan, Block No. 12, CGO Complex, Lodi Road New Delhi- 110 003

24. Director-General# Member Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Anusandhan Bhawan 2, Rafi Marg New Delhi - 110 001 25. The Secretary Member (Expenditure)* Ministry of Finance North Block New Delhi - 110 001 26. Prof. R.C. Budhani* Member Director CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (NPL) Dr KS Krishnan Marg New Delhi - 110012 27. Dr. S.W.A Naqvi* Member Director CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Dona Paula, Goa - 403004

232 28. Dr. Krishna Ella* Member Chairman and Managing Director Bharat Biotech International Limited Genome Valley Shameerpet Hyderabad - 500 078 29. The Chairman* Member Coal India Limited Coal Bhawan, 10, Netaji Subhas Road Kolkata - 700 001 30. Prof. Alok Bhattacharya* Member Professor School of Life Sciences Room No. 117 Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) New Mehrauli Road New Delhi - 110 067 31. Prof. A.K. Sood* Member Professor Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru - 560 012 32. Prof. Bhaskar Ramamurthi Member Director Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai - 600036 33. The Secretary* Member Department of Science & Technology, Technology Bhawan, New Mehrauli Road New Delhi -110016 34. The Secretary* Member Department of Biotechnology Block - 2, 7th Floor, CGO Complex Lodi Road, New Delhi - 110 003

#Chairman, CSIR Governing Body *Members of CSIR Governing Body

233 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014 Annexure-VI CSIR Foundation Day Lecture 2013-Chemicals, Fuels and Petroleum Sectors: Opportunities in CSIR Laboratories Prof. Man Mohan Sharma

The CSIR Foundation Day 2013 lecture was delivered by Prof. Man Mohan Sharma, Emeritus Professor of Eminence, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai on the topic Chemicals, Fuels and Petroleum Sectors: Opportunities in CSIR Laboratories.

Introducing Prof. M.M. Sharma to the gathered audience, Prof. Brahmachari said that Prof. Sharma was the first FRS from chemical engineering discipline in the country. He is a living legend and an example of a model guide, teacher, and mentor under whose tutorship students grew bigger. His students had single-author papers when Prof. Sharma was himself not well- established. There is no scientist who can claim as his students people like Dr. R.A. Mashelkar, who earned academic laurels and Mr. Mukesh Ambani, who became a corporate giant, said Prof. Brahmachari. He said it was a good opportunity to expose the students and scientists of CSIR to a model scientist and living legend on the 71st CSIR Foundation Day celebrations.

Prof. Sharma began by admitting that he had been an admirer of CSIR for long. He felt that the creation of the Academy was a landmark in the history of CSIR. CSIR has the incredible distinction of fathoming the ocean and tasting the rarefied air, he said. There is no organisation in the world that has a portfolio as wide, as deep and as rare.

During his hour-long lecture, Prof. Sharma came up with innovative and challenging opportunities and problems for CSIR laboratories to work on and emerge as world leaders.

He began with talking about renewable raw materials. one raw material that is available throughout the country and whose sourcing is not a problem is bagasse, because we have a thriving sugar industry often crossing production of 25 million tonnes per annum, so one can imagine the quantity of bagasse that is available. He said that under the NMITLI programme of CSIR this work was taken up, but it progressed only to a certain stage. The problem is of such large magnitude that if we can take this bagasse and convert it to hydrate cellulose we can bring back the renewable-raw material based plastics; hemicelluloses can also be subjected to easy fermentation in the existing distillery and lignin should not to be treated as a fuel but valorised. During the last few years literature is flooded on valorisation of lignin. There is plenty of scope in India and CSIR labs can easily work on this problem of very large magnitude.

Prof. Sharma also pointed out that water was going to be a serious problem in the country. Sugarcane takes water for the entire year. However, the water utilisation in sugarcane and sugar refining leaves much to be desired. As of now all sugar refineries burn wet bagasse. So, lot of energy is wasted in vaporising water. He posed the question: Why can't we dry the bagasse with supercritical steam, which is already available in the cogen plants and harvest all this water? Engineering oriented labs can look at drying the bagasse with superheated steam, and harvest all the water. He said until now no work has been done in India on this challenging problem.

Next, Prof. Sharma moved on to generation of power. We are generating lot of power in India burning natural gas, which has the highest amount of hydrogen than any other natural substance. He said, we can harvest a huge amount of water from the off-gases through novel technologies. It is a challenging problem how to recover water from the gas which is leaving at high temperature. One suggestion he gave was to develop a novel membrane separation technology for this purpose.

234 He also said that the new breakthroughs in availability of natural gas around the world are going to come through natural gas hydrates. NGRI has done a lot of mapping of natural gas hydrates, often referred to as "fire on ice" or "frozen assets". Shale gas has transformed United States and they have even started exporting gasoline. Prof. Sharma wanted CSIR's chemical-oriented labs to look into recycling this water. We also need to develop chemicals required for fracking, he said.

Plenty of carbon dioxide is available from several sources and globally there is considerable work going on in reforming methane with carbon dioxide, that way you will also do carbon capture. He suggested that we look for small-scale distributed Dimethyl ether (DME) plants.

There is a lot of talk about biodiesel. However, Prof. Sharma said that he was vociferously against biodiesel because there is no hope of being able to make any significant contribution for a very simple reason: the global requirement of diesel is 1.2 billion tonnes per annum; total production of non-edible plus edible oil is barely 70 million tonnes per annum. Even if 5% of biodiesel were to be blended with diesel, it would completely throw out of gear the edible oil industry. Ten million tonnes of edible oil, almost 60% of our requirement, is being imported in India. But what we can do from the non-edible oil is we can create biodegradable lubricants, he said. He said that the old classical process of refining of lube oils now required a relook.

Prof. Sharma pointed out another unusual thing - that India is going to burn a lot of petcoke, which comes from heavy crude oils. Many times these crude oils have sulphur as high as 2%, and petcoke ends up with 6-9% sulphur. But if you do IGCC all the sulphur is recovered and India has a very good appetite for sulphur because we need sulphuric and phosphoric acid for many industries. But when you process this heavy crude, the petcoke often contains 2000-3000 ppm of vanadium and nickel. We have no nickel source in India. This is a technology that nobody has developed today. It is a challenge, he said, to recover vanadium and nickel from the ash that comes from petcoke IGCC as well as petcoke gasification. Petcoke gasification has already been undertaken. IGCC for petcoke will be on a grand scale in Jarnnagar at levels of 60-70 million tonnes per annum. So huge amounts of vanadium and nickel can be recovered.

There is also a need to look at underground coal gasification far more intensely than we have been doing so far now. Prof. Sharma's suggestion for coal and petroleum labs was to do coal carbonisation in series. This allows a significant part of volatile matter to be recovered as variable liquid fuels that can be upgraded.

The Fischer-Tropsch process is a key component of gas to liquids technology, which produces a synthetic lubrication oil and synthetic fuel, typically from coal, natural gas, or biomass. Prof Sharma said that the Fischer- Tropsch synthesis could be linked to power generation. No matter which way you get your syngas - whether from coal or from hydrocarbons - since you generate them under pressure, when you generate power out of it, you have made good use of that pressure and instead of recycling the gas you take that gas to power generation. So there should be a link between petroleum refining petrochemicals and power generation. There is no reason why refineries cannot be exporters of power, he said. We need very intensified work in this area.

One of the challenges, he said, was novel catalyst development without cobalt. Do it in petrochemical mode so that you get olefins and alcohols from Fischer-Tropsch. When syngas comes from coal then you can consider making synthetic natural gas.

Prof. Sharma also mentioned the many novel applications of C6 to C18 and that nothing of this kind has been attempted. There are many opportunities with very large size cokers in India and also medium cokers. All of them are amenable to a variety of applications from etherification to esterification. Use of coker gas oil is another serious problem and needs to be considered, he said.

235 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

He posed the question: Why should we do thermal cracking of naphtha? Why shouldn't we be doing cat-cracking where the yields of ethylene and propylene will be much higher. Thermal cracking is not very efficient, he said. Talking about the utilisation of C4 to C9 fractions of olefin, he said it was a pity that a lot of LPG in India is olefins. To use olefins as a fuel is technologically very bad, he said. This is happening on a grand scale in India and we are only partially valorising C4 to C9 fractions of olefin, particularly C4.

Prof. Sharma also called on chemical- oriented labs to take up telomerisation of butadiene to give1-octanol as it was commercially viable. Rare earths are becoming a political item throughout the world due to the Chinese embargo. Recovery of valuable rare earth metals is another challenge, said Pro£ Sharma. Rare earths are absolutely essential for many things including a powerful magnet. He also asked CSIR labs to focus on environment-friendly pigments, such as Cerium and Lanthanum based yellow and red pigments to replace hazardous Cadmium and Lead based pigments. Expertise in making pigments is lacking in India - even in the case of iron oxide pigments where the price varies from Rs 8 per kg to Rs 120 per kg. No one in India has the expertise to make this higher grade iron oxide pigment. Even though our country is tropical the paint manufacturing companies are not selling anti-bacterial paint coatings. Imagine in our house if the coatings are insect repellent we will not need lots of sprays. Similarly we have high levels of dust in India. Exterior coatings require to be dust repellent. Powder coatings are also becoming very important. Prof. Sharma appealed to the coatings division of CSIR-IICT to look at these coatings. Lithium is a very critical item; we have practically no source of lithium in India. There are no batteries possible today without lithium. Prof. Sharma said we need to locate new sources. One possible source could be recovery from used batteries and mobile phones. With 900 million mobiles and so many other devices using lithium, a technology to recover lithium could be wonderful. Also for storage the trend today is using Zinc Redox batteries. We need to work in this area, he said. Fertilisers are a highly neglected area in India, said Prof. Sharma. For the last 13 years we haven't had any new fertiliser. China is 40 million tonnes of nitrogen plus but we are struggling at 10 or 11. All potassium chloride is imported, almost 6.5-7 million tonnes per annum. There are only one or two countries that have the technology to convert potassium chloride to potassium nitrate or potassium phosphate. It is a big challenge, he said. Prof. Sharma also emphatically said that there is a need for CSIR to create a centre for crystallisation. No drug production is possible without crystallisation. Medicines have turned out to be unsaleable because their crystallisation has not been done properly, he said. It is an area crying for intensification of efforts. In view of large scale desalination we need high-flux separation membranes, said Prof. Sharma. Also nanofiltration membranes to withstand aggressive conditions like polar solvents, high concentration of sulphuric acid, high concentration of caustic soda, etc. This will aid manufacture of many drugs, agrochemicals and dyes. Another area that Prof. Sharma talked about was cement, which is growing to more than 300 tonnes per annum. He said we need high performance concrete additives. There was a need to go in for polycarboxylic super plasticisers, which are also eco-friendly, particularly for high speed railways and expressways. Among some other challenges he posed were production of Formic acid (which has many applications including silage - efficacy of silage goes up dramatically on treatment with formic acid); Macrocyclic synthetic musk to offset the smell of detergents (it is also environmentally good); and biotechnology products such as COQ10, Hyaluronic acid, L-cysteine, L-methionine, lycopene, and Heparin.

236 Prof. Sharma ended with a quote from Prof. Dr Uwe Krueffr, CEO of Atkins who says: "Shaping the future is better than trying to predict it. Take Leonardo da Vinci and his design for a helicopter 400 years before one flew." The utilitarian part of research invigorates fundamental research and it is here that CSIR plus Academy can really show the way how high science can be done, said Prof. Sharma.

237 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

CAG Report Annexure-VII C&AG Audit Paras Sl. No. & Year of the Number of Paras/PA Details of the Paras/ PAC Reports on which ATNs Report Reports on which are pending ATNs have been Number of ATNs Number of ATNs Number of ATNs submitted to not sent by the sent but returned Which have been Monitoring Cell, Ministry even for with observations finally vetted Ministry of Finance the first time and Audit is by Audit but awaiting their have not been resubmission by submitted by the Ministry the Ministry 1. From year 1996 NIL NIL 5 NIL to 2003 (Total = 9 Paras) 2. Report 5 of 2005 NIL NIL 1 NIL (Total = 1 Para) 3. Report 2 of 2007 NIL NIL 1 NIL (TA) (Total = 1 Para) 4. Report CA 3 of 2008 NIL NIL NIL NIL (Total = 1 Para) 5. Report CA 16 of NIL NIL 3 NIL 2008-09 (Total = 4 Paras) 6. Report 16 of NIL NIL 1 NIL 2011-12 (Total = 1 Para) 7. Report 22 of 2013 NIL 1 NIL NIL (Total = 2 Paras) 8. Report 29 of 2013 NIL 1 NIL NIL (Total = 1 Para) Total = 20 Paras 2 11 Note: 7 ATNs were pending with the Office of PDA (SD) as of 31/3/2014 for vetting comments.

Report No. 22- Union Government (Scientific and Environmental Ministries/ Departments)- Report of the CAG of India for the year ended March 2012-Compliance Audit i. Public Private Partnership for setting up `The Centre for Genomic Application’ by Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology • Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), a constituent unit under Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) signed an agreement with the Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), a private partner for setting up `The Centre for Genomic Application’ (TCGA). Significant deficiencies observed in audit were: • Due diligence process for identification of the project and selection of private partner was not followed. Although consultant was appointed for conducting industry analysis, the private partner was selected

238 without waiting for the consultant’s report. The consultant identified at least a dozen companies of equal repute operating in the market. • The interests of Government were not adequately safeguarded. Liability of IMM if any, due to operation of TCGA was to be restricted to a total of Rs. 3.50 crore over the project duration but no such limit was kept for IGIB. Cost of land provided by IGIB was not included in the project outlay. There were not penalty clauses in case of deficiencies in fulfilling the conditions agreed in the PPP agreement by the private partner. • TCGA could not achieve self sufficiency as envisaged. In five years out of seven, TCGA suffered losses ranging from one to 101 per cent of its annual turnover. • Services offered by TCGA were uneconomically priced. In two out of six services provided, actual cost of chemicals and consumables used in the services were higher than the charges fixed for the services. • The financial practices of TCGA leaned in favour of the private partner. There were instances of undercharging of service charges from private partner resulting in loss of Rs. 2.63 crore, booking of expenditure (aggregating to Rs. 5.55 crore) unrelated to TCGA activities in its accounts and installation of equipment in excess of sanction by Rs.3.28 crore. • Audit also observed instances of excess payments of project management fee (Rs. 85.50 lakh) and rent on hired office premises (Rs. 1.15 crore). ii. Unfruitful expenditure Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, a constituent unit of CSIR, failed to utilise technology of energy efficient coke oven in development of a demonstration/ commercial plant, resulting in unfruitful expenditure of Rs. 2.14 crore.

239 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014 Annexure-VIII List of Approved Projects in Twelfth Five Year Plan Nodal Lab Project Name Cluster Area: Biological Sciences CSIR-CDRI 1. Factors Governing competent gamete production and reproductive dysfunction (PROGRAM) CSIR-CDRI 2. Towards holistic understanding of Complex Diseases: Unraveling the Threads of Complex Diseases (THUNDER) CSIR-CDRI 3. New Approaches Towards Understanding of Disease Dynamics and to Accelerate Drug Discovery (UNDO) CSIR-CDRI 4. Emerging and re-emerging challenges in infectious diseases: Systems based drug design for infectious diseases (SPIenDID ) CSIR-CFTRI 5. New initiatives to boost agriculture productivity through maximizing pre- and post- harvest yields (AGROPATHY) CSIR-NBRI 6. Bioprospection of plant resources and other natural products (BioprosPR) CSIR-NBRI 7. Genomics of Medicinal Plants and Agronomically Important Traits (PlaGen) CSIR-IIIM 8. Medicinal Chemistry for stem cell biology and regenerative medicine (MEDCHEM) CSIR-IHBT 9. Plant Diversity: Studying adaptation biology and understanding/exploiting medicinally important plants for useful bioactives (SIMPLE) CSIR-IHBT 10. Introduction, domestication, improvement and cultivation of economically important plants (AGTEC) CSIR-IITR 11. Integrated NextGen approaches in health disease and environmental toxicity (INDEPTH) CSIR-IITR 12. Nanomaterials: Applications and Impact on Safety, Health and Environment (NanoSHE) CSIR-IICB 13. Understanding supra molecular ensembles and machines (UNSEEN) CSIR-IICB 14. Host Interactome analysis: Understanding the Role of Host molecules in Parasitic Infection (HOPE) CSIR-IICB 15. Neurodegenerative diseases: Causes and Corrections (miND) CSIR-IICB 16. Therapeutics of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Related Respiratory Disorders (TREAT) CSIR-CCMB 17. Plant-Microbe and Soil Interactions (PMSI) CSIR-CCMB 18. Epigenetics in Health and Disease (EpiHeD) CSIR-IMTECH 19. Man as a Superorganism: Understanding the Human Microbiome (HUM) CSIR-IMTECH 20. Centre for BIOtherapeutic Molecule DISCOVERY (BIODISCOVERY) CSIR-IMTECH 21. Genomics and Informatics Solutions for Integrating Biology (GENESIS) CSIR-IGIB 22. Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research (CARDIOMED) CSIR-IGIB 23. Genome Dynamics in cellular organization, differentiation and enantiostasis (GenCODE)

240 CSIR-IGIB 24. CSIR-NCL-IGIB Joint Research Initiative: Interfacing Chemistry and Biology (CSIR-NCL-IGIB-) CSIR-HQ 25. S&T interventions to combat malnutrition in women and children (HCP07) CSIR-CDRI 26. Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI) CSIR-CFTRI 27. Wellness through Foods and Nutraceuticals (WELFO) CSIR-CIMAP 28. Chemical Biology of Ocimum and other Aromatic Plants (ChemBio) CSIR-NBRI 29. Root Biology and its correlation to sustainable plant development and soil fertility (RootSF) CSIR-IIIM 30. Nurturing a new Pan-CSIR drug pipe line: high intensity preclinical, clinical studies on lead candidates (DPL) CSIR-IICB 31. Bio-energetic Disorders: A multi-model approach to monitoring and management (BenD) CSIR-CCMB 32. Conservation of endangered animals of India: Molecular Genetics and Reproduction Approaches (ConservE) CSIR-CCMB 33. Biology of Ageing and Human Health (BioAGE) CSIR-IHBT 34. Estblishment of Centre for High Altitude Biology (CeHAB) CSIR-IMTECH 35. Multidirectional approaches for molecular and systems level understanding of regulatory networks in pathogenic microbes (INFECT) CSIR-IMTECH 36. Drug Discovery: Bugs to Drugs Programme (BUGS TO ) CSIR-IGIB 37. Wellness Genomics Project - Understanding genomic signatures of healthy living in Indian population (WG 100) CSIR-IHBT 38. Process and Products from Himalayan Region and their toxicological evaluation (PROMOTE) CSIR-CCMB 39. Plant Breeding, Genomics and Biotechnology (PLOMICS) CSIR-IGIB 40. Towards Understanding skin Cell Homeostasis (TOUCH) CSIR-IGIB 41. Efffective Application of Community Health Efforts through New Age, IT Based Modes (EACH-IT) CSIR-CFTRI 42. Lipidomics Center (LIPIC) CSIR-IMTECH 43. Expansion and Modernization of the Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank (MTCC) CSIR-IGIB 44. Visualisation of Organisms in Action (VISION) CSIR-CFTRI 45. Creation of Advanced Research Facility in Molecular Nutrition (Nutri-ARM) CSIR-IICB 46. CSIR-Mayo Clinic Collaboration for Innovation and Translational Research (CKF) Cluster Area: Chemical Sciences CSIR-CECRI 47. Multifunctional electrodes and Electrolytes for Future Technologies (MUTLIFUN) CSIR-CIMFR 48. Clean Coal Technology (TapCoal) CSIR-CLRI 49. Zero Emission Research Initiative for Solid Wastes from Leather (ZERIS) CSIR-CSMCRI 50. Membrane & Adsorbent Technology Platform for Effective Separation of Gases and Liquids (MATES)

241 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

CSIR-CSMCRI 51. Potassic (K) fertilizer Technology to Empower the Nation (K-TEN) CSIR-IICT 52. Biocatalysts for Industrial Applications & Greener Organic Synthesis (BIAGOS) CSIR-IICT 53. Inherently Safer Practices for Industrial Risk Reduction (INSPIRE) CSIR-IICT 54. Organic reactions in generating innovative and natural scaffolds (ORIGIN) CSIR-IICT 55. Non-Infringing chemistry and engineering for pharmaceuticals (NICE-P) CSIR-IICT 56. Metabolic profiling of human body fluids by MS and NMR (CMET) CSIR-IICT 57. Screening molecules in lead exploration (SMiLE) CSIR-IICT 58. Development of Sustainable Processes for Edible Oils with Health Benefits from Traditional and New Resources (PEOPLE HOPE) CSIR-IICT 59. Development of Sustainable Waste Managmnent Technologies for Chemical and Allied Industries (SETCA) CSIR-IICT 60. Intelligent Coatings (IntelCoat) CSIR-IIP 61. Energy Efficient Technologies (E2++) CSIR-IIP 62. Biomass to Energy (BioEn) CSIR-IIP 63. Catalysts for Sustainable Energy (ECat) CSIR-IIP 64. New generation lubricants and additives (GenLube) CSIR-IIP 65. Research Initiative for Low Emissions (RILE) CSIR-IIP 66. Waste to Wealth - Waste plastics (W2W) CSIR-IIP 67. Advanced Carbon Materials (AdCarbMate) CSIR-NCL 68. Hydrogen Energy: Overcoming materials challenges in PEMFC towards generation, separation, storage and conversion of hydrogen (HYDEN) CSIR-NCL 69. Innovate, develop and up-scale modular, agile, intensified and continuous processes and plants (Indus MAGIC) CSIR-NCL 70. Catalysts for Speciality Chemicals (CSC) CSIR-NCL 71. Encapsulated Microorganisms for Environmental Protection (EMEP) CSIR-NCL 72. Creating intellectual property and capablitties for the development of improved security features and substrates for the Indian currency note (FUTU`E) CSIR-NCL 73. A Multi-Scale Simulation and Modeling Approach to Designing Smart Functional Materials for use in Energy, Electrochemistry and Bio-mimetics (MSM) CSIR-NEIST 74. Natural Products as Affordable Healthcare Agents (NaPAHA) CSIR-NEIST 75. Environmental Research Initiative for Paper and Process Industry (ERIPP) CSIR-NIIST 76. Sustainable Technologies for the Utilization of Rare Earths (SURE) CSIR-NIIST 77. Development of functional foods and their formulations for potential health benefits of common man (FUNHEALTH) CSIR-NIIST 78. Molecules to Materials to Devices (M2D) CSIR-NIIST 79. Speciality Materials based on Engineered Clays (SPECS) CSIR-CLRI 80. Science and Technology Revolution in Leather with a Green Touch (STRAIT)

242 CSIR-CLRI 81. Research Initiative for Waterless Tanning (RIWT) CSIR-CSMCRI 82. High Purity Salt & Recovery of Valuable Metal Ions from Marine Resources (HPSMC) CSIR-IICT 83. Development of Innovative Technologies for Strategic Flurochemicals (DITSF) CSIR-IICT 84. Development of Novel Vaccine Adjuvants (DENOVA) CSIR-NEIST 85. Advanced Polyolefins (SPIRIT) CSIR-NEIST 86. North East Exploration for Pharmaceutical (NEEP) CSIR-IICT 87. Affordable Cancer Therapeutics (ACT) CSIR-IICT 88. Advance Drug Delivery System (ADD) CSIR-CLRI 89. Design Innovation for Smart Material Transformation Yeaning Leather Life Style Products (D’STYLE) CSIR-IICT 90. Augmentation of Analytical Research Facilities (AARF) CSIR-NCL 91. Centre for Surface and Interface Science Research (CSISR) CSIR-NCL 92. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre for Advanced Research (NMRCAR) CSIR-NCL 93. National Repository of Molecules (NORMS ) CSIR-NCL 94. Up gradation of Facilities/National Repository of Molecules and National Collection of Industrial Micro Organisms Resource Centre (NCIMRC) CSIR-NEIST 95. CSIR Advanced Analytical Facility for North East (CAAF-NE) Cluster Area: Engineering Sciences CSIR-AMPRI 96. Novel Energy Effective Metallic Materials for Automotive and General Engineering Application (LWM) CSIR-CBRI 97. Engineering of Disaster Mitigation and Health Monitoring for Safe and Smart Built Environment (EDMISSIBLE) CSIR-CGCRI 98. Development of Novel CSIR Technologies for Manufacturing Tailored and Patient- Specific Bioceramic Implants and Biomedical Devices at Affordable Cost (BIOCERAM) CSIR-CGCRI 99. Advanced ceramics materials and components for energy and structural application (CERMESA) CSIR-CIMFR 100. Development of a technology for optimal extraction of locked-up coal from underground mines using artificial pillars (DeCoalArt) CSIR-CRRI 101. Development and Application of Technologies for Sustainable Transportation (SUSTRANS) CSIR-NAL 102. Technology Solutions for Micro Air Vehicle Development (MAT) CSIR-NEERI 103. Centre of Excellence: Waste Utilization and Management (WUM) CSIR-NML 104. Development of Zero Waste Technology for Processing and Utilization of Thermal Coal (ZWT-CUP) CSIR-SERC 105. Innovative Technologies for Health Assessment and Damage Mitigation of Structures (I-HEAL) CSIR-CMERI 106. Robotics and Micro Machines (ROuM)

243 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

CSIR-CMERI 107. Autonomous Underwater Robotics (UnWaR) CSIR-AMPRI 108. Design and Development of Thermo Responsive & Magnetic Shape Memory Materials and Devices for Engineering Applications (TR&MSMM) CSIR-CGCRI 109. Leadership in Specialty Glass and Optical Fiber Technologies (GLASSFIB) CSIR-CMERI 110. Intelligent devices and smart actuators (InDeSa) CSIR-CRRI 111. Evaluation of Economic Loss Due to Idling of Vehicles at Signalized and Mitigation Measures (ELSIM) CSIR-IMMT 112. Minerals to Metals for Sustainable Planet (MINMET) CSIR-IMMT 113. Processing of natural gemstones for aesthetic improvement and value addition (PNG) CSIR-SERC 114. Engineering Sustainable Materials and Structures Action Plan I: Sustainability Through Eco-Balancing (SUSMAS) CSIR-SERC 115. Engineering Sustainable Materials and Structures Action Plan II: Sustainability Through Nano-Technology and Bio-Mimetics (eNano-Tics) CSIR-NAL 116. Avionics and Flight Controls Civil Aerospace Technologies (AFCCAT) CSIR-NAL 117. Advanced Structural Technologies for Aircraft (ASTA) CSIR-NAL 118. Aerodynamics and Propulsion Technologies for Next Generation Civil Aircraft (ADPR) CSIR-CBRI 119. Innovative Materials and Technologies for Next Generation Green buildings (INMATE-NGGB) CSIR-CIMFR 120. Development of underground coal gasification technology in India (CoalGasUrja) CSIR-CIMFR 121. Development of suitable design methodology for extraction of coal at greater depths (>300 m) for Indian geomining conditions (DeepCoal) CSIR-CRRI 122. Development of Indian Highway Capacity Manual (Indo-HCM) CSIR-NEERI 123. National Clean Air Mission (NCAM) CSIR-NEERI 124. Clean Water: Sustainable Options (Clean Water) CSIR-IMMT 125. Centre for Special Materials (CSM) CSIR-NAL 126. Transport Aircraft Design Bureau (TADB) CSIR-NAL 127. Augmentation and Refurbishment of National Trisonic Aerodynamic Facilities (NTAF) CSIR-NML 128. Development of Magnesium Metal Production Technology (MPT) Cluster Area: Information Sciences CSIR-TKDL 129. Analysis and Monitoring of patent applications in International Patent Office for preventing misappropriation of Indias Traditional Knowledge (HCP006) CSIR-NISCAIR 130. CSIR Knowledge Gateway and Open Source Private Cloud Infrastructure (KNOWGATE) CSIR-NISTADS 131. Indian S&T and Innovation Policy (ISTIP) CSIR-URDIP 132. Patinformatics (Patinformatics)

244 CSIR-URDIP 133. Chembioinformatics for Drug Discovery (ISC0203) CSIR-URDIP 134. Open Science and Open Innovation Infrastructure (OSOII) CSIR-TKDL 135. Traditional Knowledge Digital Library 2020 (Enhanced TKDL-) CSIR-CMMACS 136. Advanced Research in Engineering & Earth Sciences: Data intensive modelling and crowd sourcing approach (ARiEES) CSIR-NISCAIR 137. CSIR--Wide Consortium Access to Online Information Resources (NKRC) Cluster Area: Physical Sciences CSIR-CEERI 138. Very High Power Microwave Tubes : Design and Development Capabilities (MTDDC) CSIR-CEERI 139. Research Initiative on Nano Devices and Nano-Sensors (R-Nano) CSIR-CSIO 140. Advanced Instrumentation Solutions for Health Care and Agro-based Applications (ASHA) CSIR-NGRI 141. Geodynamic and Earthquake generating processes in NE India and Andaman Subduction Zone (GENIAS) CSIR-NIO 142. Ocean Science Towards Forecasting Indian Marine Living Resource Potential (Ocean Finder) CSIR-NIO 143. Geological processes in the Indian Ocean - Understanding the input fluxes, sinks and Paleoceanography (GEOSINKS) CSIR-NIO 144. Geo-scientific investigations for deciphering the Earth’s internal processes and exploration of energy resources (GEOSCAPE) CSIR-NIO 145. Indian Aquatic Ecosystems: Impact of Deoxygenation, Eutrophication and Acidification (INDIAS IDEA) CSIR-NPL 146. Development of Advanced Materials for Next-Generation Energy-Efficient Devices (D-NEED) CSIR-NPL 147. Advanced Quantum Research and Innovation with Ultra Small Systems (AQuaRIUS) CSIR-NPL 148. Measurement for Innovation in Science & Technology (MIST) CSIR-NPL 149. Probing the Changing Atmosphere and its Impacts in Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and Himalayan Regions (AIM-IGPHim) CSIR-CEERI 150. Advanced Microsensors and Microsystems : Design, Development and Applications (MicroSensys) CSIR-CSIO 151. Opto-Mechatronics Technologies for Next Generation Sensors and Applications (OMEGA) CSIR-NGRI 152. Hazard due to Earthquakes and Tsunami in the Indian region (HEART) CSIR-NGRI 153. India Deep Earth Exploration Programme (INDEX) CSIR-NGRI 154. Shallow subsurface imaging of India for resource exploration (SHORE) CSIR-NIO 155. Analyses and Harnessing of Marine Biodiversity for Bioremediation of Aquaculture and Industrial Effluents (MARINEBIOTE) CSIR-NPL 156. Research and Development on Single Trapped Ion based Frequency Standard (STIOS) CSIR-CEERI 157. Advanced Facility for Nano Electronics (AFNE)

245 CSIR Annual Report 2013-2014

List of Projects Spill over from Eleventh Five Year Plan Nodal Lab Project Name CSIR-CEERI 1. Developing capabilities & facilities for Microelectromechanical systems (Mems) and Sensors# CSIR-NAL 2. Spearheading small civilian aircraft design, development and manufacture CSIR-CRRI 3. Development of Management System for Maintenance Planning and Budgeting of High Speed Corridors CSIR-CDRI 4. Setting up of World Class Drug Research Institute# CSIR-NPL 5. Upgradation of SI Base Units, National Standards of Measurements & creation of a network of Calibration and testing laboratories and preparation & dissemination of CRMs# CSIR-NCL 6. Conducting polymer paints and coatings for corrosion protection and shielding of concrete structures in strategic areas# CSIR-CMMACS 7. Setting up State-of-the-art Multi-Teraflop High Performance Computing (HPC) Facility CSIR-CMMACS 8. Integrated Analysis for Impact, Mitigation and Sustainability; Regional Climate Modelling at Decadal Scale CSIR-SERC 9. Design analysis and health assessment of Special structures including bridges# CSIR-NIO 10. Acquisition of Oceanographic research vessel # CSIR-NPL 11. Advances in Metrology CSIR-CECRI 12. Innovative solutions for solar energy storage* CSIR-NPL 13. Novel approaches for solar energy conversion* CSIR-NPL 14. Efficient Silicon photovoltaics with smart electronics and lighting systems* CSIR-HQ 15. CSIR-Ayurgenomics Unit*

* These are projects formulated as trans-Plan initiatives # 10th FYP Project

246 CSIR Establishments

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES ENGINEERING SCIENCES CSIR-CCMB Centre for Cellular and Molecular CSIR-AMPRI Advanced Materials and Processes Biology, Hyderabad Research Institute, Bhopal CSIR-CDRI Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow CSIR-CBRI Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee CSIR-CFTRI Central Food Technological Research CSIR-CGCRI Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Mysore Institute, Kolkata CSIR-CIMAP Central Institute of Medicinal & CSIR-CMERI Central Mechanical Engineering Aromatic Plants, Lucknow Research Institute, Durgapur CSIR-IGIB Institute of Genomics & Integrative CSIR-CRRI Central Road Research Institute, Biology, Delhi New Delhi CSIR-IHBT Institute of Himalayan Bioresource CSIR-IMMT Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Palampur Technology, Bhubaneshwar CSIR-IICB Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CSIR-NAL National Aerospace Laboratories, Kolkata Bengaluru CSIR-IIIM Indian Institute of Integrative CSIR-NEERI National Environmental Engineering Medicine, Jammu Research Institute, Nagpur CSIR-IMTECH Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR-NML National Metallurgical Laboratory, Chandigarh Jamshedpur CSIR-IITR Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, CSIR-SERC Structural Engineering Research Lucknow Centre, Chennai CSIR-NBRI National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow CHEMICAL SCIENCES INFORMATION SCIENCES CSIR-CLRI Central Leather Research Institute, CSIR-NISCAIR National Institute of Science Chennai Communication and Information CSIR-CECRI Central Electrochemical Research Resources , New Delhi Institute, Karaikudi CSIR-NISTADS National Institute of Science CSIR-CSMCRI Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Technology and Development Studies, Research Institute, Bhavnagar New Delhi CSIR-CIMFR Central Institute of Mining & Fuel CSIR-4PI Fourth Paradigm Institute, Bengaluru Research, Dhanbad CSIR-IICT Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, PHYSICAL SCIENCES Hyderabad CSIR-CEERI Central Electronics Engineering CSIR-IIP Indian Institute of Petroleum, Research Institute, Pilani Dehradun CSIR-CSIO Central Scientific Instruments CSIR-NCL National Chemical Laboratory, Pune Organisation, Chandigarh CSIR-NEIST North-East Institute of Science and CSIR-NGRI National Geophysical Research Institute, Technology, Jorhat Hyderabad CSIR-NIIST National Institute for Interdisciplinary CSIR-NIO National Institute of Oceanography,.Goa Science and Technology, CSIR-NPL National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi Thiruvananthapuram Units CSIR-HRDC Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad Innovation Complexes: CSIR-TKDL Traditional Knowledge Digital Library, Ghaziabad Innovation Complex Chennai CSIR-URDIP Unit for Research and Development of Information Innovation Complex, Kolkata Products, Pune Innovation Complex, Mumbai CSIR-OSDD Open Source Drug Discovery, New Delhi CSIR-TRISUTRA Translational Research and Innovative Science through Ayurgenomics, New Delhi

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