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A Comparative Analysis of Irish and Scottish Ogham Pillar Stones Clare Jeanne Connelly University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations May 2015 A Partial Reading of the Stones: a Comparative Analysis of Irish and Scottish Ogham Pillar Stones Clare Jeanne Connelly University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Communication Commons, and the Medieval History Commons Recommended Citation Connelly, Clare Jeanne, "A Partial Reading of the Stones: a Comparative Analysis of Irish and Scottish Ogham Pillar Stones" (2015). Theses and Dissertations. 799. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/799 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A PARTIAL READING OF THE STONES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IRISH AND SCOTTISH OGHAM PILLAR STONES by Clare Connelly A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Anthropology at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee May 2015 ABSTRACT A PARTIAL READING OF THE STONES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IRISH AND SCOTTISH OGHAM PILLAR STONES by Clare Connelly The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2015 Under the Supervision of Professor Bettina Arnold Ogham is a script that originated in Ireland and later spread to other areas of the British Isles. This script has preserved best on large pillar stones. Other artefacts with ogham inscriptions, such as bone-handled knives and chalk spindle-whorls, are also known. While ogham has fascinated scholars for centuries, especially the antiquarians of the 18th and 19th centuries, it has mostly been studied as a script and a language and the nature of its association with particular artefact types has been largely overlooked. -
Activity Sheet 6: Ogham Stones
Activity Sheet 6: Ogham Stones The Ogham alphabet was made up of simple strokes for consonants - and strokes or dots for the vowels. These shapes were easy for the Celts to make, carving the strokes along a central line which was usually the edge of a slab. Some strokes would go to the left of the line, some to the right, to help tell them apart. The Celts started off by carving Ogham onto pieces of wood but then they began to carve onto rocks which became known as ‘Ogham Stones’. If you were reading an Ogham stone, you would read it from the bottom to the top. There are only twenty letters in the early Irish Ogham alphabet instead of the twenty-six we have in our alphabet. Some people believe that the names of the letters might be the names of ancient trees or shrubs, and they call it the ‘Celtic Tree alphabet’. Ogham letters along with their old irish names and meanings n nin q ceirt r ruis i idad “ash” “apple tree” “elder” “yew” s sail c coll z straif e edad “willow” “hazel” “blackthorn” “aspen” f fer t tinne ng getal u ur “fern” “holly, elder” “broom” “heath” l luis d duir g gort o onn “rowan” “oak” “ivy” “furze” b beithe h huath m muinn a ailm “birch” “whitethorn” “vine” “pine tree” Sometimes the vowels use dots rather than lines. The dots must be made on the middle of the central line. a o u e i Find out more about Saint Patrick at bbc.co.uk/saintpatrick Try and decipher the messages on the scrolls by finding the hidden words on the Ogham stones. -
Babelstone: the Ogham Stones of the Isle Of
BabelStone Thursday, 30 June 2011 The Ogham Stones of the Isle of Man • The Ogham Stones of Cornwall and Devon • The Ogham Stones of Wales • The Ogham Stones of Scotland • The Ogham Stones of the Isle of Man • The Ogham Stones of Ireland • The Ogham Stones of Elsewhere The Isle of Man, situated midway between Ireland and Britain, has always been at a sea-faring crossroads, and over the centuries has been exposed to influences from many different cultures. This is well reflected in the relatively large number of monumental inscriptions that have survived on the island, which include both runestones and Ogham stones, exhibiting a mixture of Irish, British, Pictish and Norse influences. Location of Ogham Inscriptions in the Isle of Man Red tags mark the sites of certain Ogham inscriptions (a dot indicates that the stone is in situ) Blue tags mark museums or other sites where Ogham stones are held The Manx Ogham inscriptions are a heterogeneous group with a wide age span, some perhaps dating to as early as the 5th century, and others dating to as late as the 12th century. Typifying the fusion of Irish and Norse cultures on the island during the medieval period (9th through 13th centuries) are two unique monuments that combine Norse Runic inscriptions and Ogham inscriptions on the same stone : • Maughold Stone (MAUGH/2) • Kirk Michael Stone (KMICH/1) The Maughold stone is a plain, flat stone with a line of Norse runes reading "John the Priest cut these runes" running across its centre, below which is inscribed the sixteen-letter "younger fuþark" in short twig runes. -
15 Life on Land Ogham – Family/Friend Tree Activity
Book: Seeds of Change by Jen Cullerton Johnson Global Goal: 15 Life on Land Ogham – Family/Friend Tree Activity The main character in the book , Wangari Maathai , was an inspirational woman, who dedicated her life to creating a better natural environment in Kenya by organising communities to plant over a million trees. We are connecting the storybook and activities to the Global Goal 15: Life on land. The aim is to encourage personal connection, local action and global awareness. A stark statistic is that only 2% of Ireland is covered by native trees, the lowest in the EU. Did you know.. • Irish culture has its own special connection to trees! • The earliest form of writing found in Ireland is called Ogham (dated around 400AD). • Lettering was formed by a series of lines. • Eight of the letters are thought to be linked to native trees of Ireland; Birch, alder, willow, oak, hazel, pine, ash and yew. This gives us an indication of the importance of trees in early Irish society As well as letters being linked to trees, some scholars have suggested there could well have been an Ogham tree calendar, so you can find your birth month tree. There is also lots of Irish folklore about the powers of each tree. Can you find your birth tree in the chart below? What powers and uses does your birth tree have? Ogham letter Month in Irish Tree Tree calendar I Idad Yew 1 Nov - 28 Nov A Ailm Scots Pine 29 Nov - 26 Dec B Beith Birch 27 Dec - 23 Jan L Luis Rowan 24 Jan - 20 Feb F Fern Alder 21 Feb - 20 Mar S Sail Willow 21 Mar - 17 April H Huath Hawthorn 18 April - 15 May O Onn Ash 16 May - 12 June D Dair Oak 13 June - 10 July T Tinne Holly 11 July - 7 Aug C Coll Hazel 8 Aug - 4 Sept Q Qert Apple 5 Sept - 2 Oct R Ruis Elder 3 Oct - 30 Oct Why not draw your own Family or Friend Tree! Find the tree and Ogham symbol on the charts above that represents you along with the ones that represent your family or friends. -
Divination I
Divination I Kirk S. Thomas ADF Member no. 2296 Clergy Training Program; Generalist Study Program Question #1: Name and briefly describe three methods of divination techniques appropriate for use within the context of an Indo-European culture. (Minimum 100 words each.) OGHAM – The Ogham, based on an ancient writing system in ancient Ireland, involves the use of a letter set, with each letter or symbol representing a specific tree, bush or vine. These symbols can be drawn or etched into pieces of wood or stone, or may be found on card sets. Each tree has a specific meaning taken from Irish lore. Many of these meanings can be found in a 1917 book, “The Scholar’s Primer”.1 Examples of these tree symbols are the Oak (Duir), meaning solid protection, doorway to the mysteries and strength;2 Vine (Muir), meaning prophesy;3 and Apple (Quert), a choice of youth and beauty.4 RUNES – Runes are the alphabet of the early Germans and Norse peoples, with Odin being the reputed discoverer or inventor of the script. Before the conversion, these peoples saw runes as representing both learning and magic lore.5 Their magical use is expressed in the Edda, where Odin says, “Do you know how to engrave runic characters, how to explain them, how to prove their virtue? If we see a dead man, and hanging aloft upon a tree, I engrave runic characters so wonderful, that the man immediately descends and converses with me…”6 In fact, Odin’s sacrifice of hanging on the World Tree was specifically done to learn the secret of the runes. -
Insular Celtic: Ogam Celta Insular: Ogam
palaeoeuropean languages & epigraphies | Rest of Europe PALAEOHISPANICA 2020 | I.S.S.N. 1578-5386 revista sobre lenguas y culturas de la Hispania antigua DOI: 10.36707/palaeohispanica.v0i20.381 Insular Celtic: Ogam Celta Insular: Ogam David Stifter Maynooth University [email protected] Abstract: The Ogam (Modern Irish: Ogham) script is a peculiar writing system devised to write the Primitive Irish language, i.e. the precursor of Old Irish. This script which in its core consists of 20 letters that are made up of 1-5 strokes or notches along the edges of standing stones was in use mainly from the 5th to the 7th centuries, but its use never fully died out. Of the c. 400 known Ogam inscriptions, around 330 are found in Ireland, the others are found in Britain. This article describes the writing system and the rather monotonous content — namely personal names – of the Ogam texts, as well as the language as far as it is accessible through these texts. Keywords: Ogam stones and inscriptions. Primitive Irish. Early Medieval Ireland. Early Medieval Britain. Epigraphy. Resumen: La escritura Ogam (“Ogham” en irlandés moderno) es un peculiar sistema de escritura destinado a escribir irlandés primitivo (el precursor del irlandés antiguo). La escritura, que básicamente consiste en veinte letras compuestas de uno a cinco trazos o muescas a lo largo de las aristas de piedras hincadas, se utilizó principalmente desde el siglo V al VII; pero en realidad nunca ha dejado de existir. De las cerca de 400 inscripciones ogámicas conocidas, alrededor de 330 se han hallado en Irlanda y el resto, en Gran Bretaña. -
The Tree Trail and Poetry Path Have Been Designed to Encourage People of All Ages to Take More Advantage of Our Local Natural Environment
A Warsash Common Walk www.fareham.gov.uk/thetreetrail Contents Introduction & Acknowledgements................................ 3 Tree Trail Map............................................................... 4 Silver Birch.................................................................... 5 Willow............................................................................ 6 Blackthorn..................................................................... 7 Hazel............................................................................. 8 Beech............................................................................ 9 Holly.............................................................................. 10 Alder.............................................................................. 11 Apple............................................................................. 12 Hawthorn....................................................................... 13 Oak............................................................................... 14 Yew............................................................................... 15 Ash................................................................................ 16 Ogham Key................................................................... 17 Introduction The tree trail and poetry path have been designed to encourage people of all ages to take more advantage of our local natural environment. There are twelve native trees within the trail and individual information sheets offer everyone the -
Feadha an Oghaim Aithnidh Damh [R. A. Breatnach, 'A Poem on Rime In
Feadha an oghaim aithnidh damh [R. A. Breatnach, ‘A poem on rime in scholastic verse’, Éigse 3, 36-51] 1 Feadha an oghaim aithnidh damh, cuibhdhiughadh a chonnsuineadh ’s a n-iolchomhardaidh re col i gceangal na gcomhfhocal . 2 Gach connsuine is treise dhíbh, gach connsuine leagas brígh, is gach fiodh bhriseas male is chuibhdhigheas re chéile. 3 Beithe agus duir agus gort, a gcomhardadh is comhnort ; beithe bogtha is tinne is coll triúr eile tig go comhthrom. 4 Luis teann, ruis teann is nion teann, muin lom is ngeadal, dóigh leam, chúig fheadha sin is glan nglóir a gcomhardadh is comhchóir. 5 I gcomhardadh ní cóir soil gan shoil eile ’na haghaidh ; coll go n-uath, tinne go n-uath, [fearn] ’na n-aghaidh sin is dual. 6 Beithe séimhidhe nách lom, luis éadrom is nion éadrom, duir go n-uath, ruis gan teinne, gort go n-uath, muin séimhidhe, 7 Seacht gconnsuine eile sin - éadrom teagmhaid i bhfoclaibh - ón cóir uaithneadha reanna, is comhardaidh choimhtheaana. 8 Soil beithe, soil duir, soil gort, re chéile ní dhéanaid locht ; soil luis, soil nion, is soil muin, soil ruis, dream eile is cubhaidh. 9 Nochan fhreagair coll go n-uath re taoibh soile, is duir go n-uath, ná tinne go n-uath male ar soil ’gá gcur i dteinne. 10 Muin is nion is [luis] male ruis is beithe séimhidhe, is gort go n-uath mbrígh thruim, is muin séimhidhe séaghuinn. 11 Gach fiodh díobh, acht duir go n-uath, i n-asgail soile re luadh, freagraidh coll go n-uath male i n-asgail soile eile. -
Tree Tales – an Ogham Workbook
TREE TALES A self-guided, walking trail to connect with the native trees and shrubs in the valley of Glendalough. This workbook is designed as an interactive resource to help you identify some trees and shrubs and discover some of their stories from the distant past, along with some of their fascinating facts. By Eleanor Sutherland, Education Guide, WICKLOW MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK. Introduction We have created this workbook so that you can learn a little about the trees that grace our Island home. Trees have colonised Ireland since the ice cap melted about 11.000 years ago and were here before humans arrived, so they have many stories to tell. Native Irish woodlands have become a very rare habitat but that was not always the case. After the climate settled to become Temperate, about 90% of Ireland was covered in woodlands. They would have looked a little different in those days with abundant lichens and a mix of inpenetratable are- as and some more open areas. The loss of Ireland’s woodlands started with the beginnings of Agriculture, when small clearances were made. The word 'field' comes from the word 'felled' Subsequently, more than a 1,000 years later, the widespread plunder of the trees by occupying English landlords began. The timber was seen as a valuable resource and huge trees were felled and exported to England to build the cathedrals and ships there. Thereby providing an extra source of income to many of the absentee 'Gentry' who had been granted ownership of land in Ireland as a payment for fa- vours by English royalty. -
Inventories of Name-Forms and Meanings
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/20979 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Griffiths, Alan Title: A family of names : Rune-names and Ogam-names and their relation to alphabet letter-names Issue Date: 2013-06-18 PART 1 SOURCES OF NAME-FORMS AND MEANINGS Part 1: Sources of Name-forms and Meanings PART 1: SOURCES OF NAME-FORMS AND MEANINGS Names and interpretations of the names of letters, ogam characters and runes are found in homilies and epistles intended to expound on biblical texts, in grammatical tracts and in acrostic poems. I list the principal medieval manuscript sources of the interpretations of Hebrew, Greek and Latin names in Tables 1 (Hebrew) and 2 (Greek and Latin), and give the main sources of name-forms and glosses recorded for the ogam and runic systems in Tables 3 (ogam), 4 and 5 (runes). In the case of Hebrew, Greek and Latin names, I have taken into account only those sources which include interpretations beside the name-forms, since it would be impracticable to give a list of all manuscripts which reproduce letter-forms and names without interpretations. In the case of ogam- and rune-names, however, lists giving only names, i.e. without any further gloss, have been included as well as glossed lists, since ogam and rune name-forms are more debatable than their Hebrew, Greek and Latin counterparts. I present the interpretations given in these manuscripts without prejudice as to the plausibility of letter-names, ogam-names or rune-names having had any influence on each other. -
10A-Ogham Spiral Ritual
Ogham Spiral Ritual: The Second Five This ritual is to be used after the first three sets of Ogham Pathworkings, i.e. between Ruis and Ailm. It is designed to be used by five participants and lead by one Priest or Priestess. A spiral is drawn upon the floor of the temple. Oghams are marked along the length of the spiral at appropriate intervals. At each quarter is placed a ritual weapon. A stick of appropriate wood is placed upon each ogham on the floor. A bag containing ogham sticks of Hawthorn, Oak, Holly, Hazel and Apple is placed upon the altar as well as a pot of paint and a paint brush. North: Spear | West: Cauldron | South: Shield | East: Sword |Centre: Stone See diagram below. NORTH (SPEAR) DUIR (OA K) RN) ) HO Y T L AW L H O ( (SWORD) Q H H ( T U EAST E A CENTRE E U N I R H N T I (STONE) T ( WEST A ULDRON) P P L E (CA ) L E Z C A O H L ( L SOUTH (SHIELD) Sacred space is formed in a ritual manner by casting the circle and invoking the directions with the weapons. Whiskey is offered at each of the cardinal points. The space is made sacred by Earth, Sea and Sky and dedicated to Lugh, Mannanan Mac Lyr, Ogma and Brigid. When the sacred space is formed, each participant is to draw one of the five oghams out of a bag. This ogham will determine where the participants will stand for the first round of the ritual. -
Ogham Fonts and Installed Them on 2018-12-17
Found these Ogham fonts and installed them on 2018-12-17. Fonts came from here. BLF – Beth-Luis-Fearn A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W XW Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 BLN – Beth-Luis-Nion A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F G H I JK L M N O P Q R S T U V W XW Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 See table below for additional information. The ‘Letter’, ‘Name Celtic’, and ‘Name English’ is taken from the chart on page 12 of “A Druid’s Herbal of Sacred Tree Medicine” by Ellen Evert Hopman. This is for the ‘standard’ 20 characters of the alphabet. For the forfeda, I’ve used information received from Spirit of Old in England. The horizontal and vertical characters are from the BLF (Beth-Luis-Fearn) font. There ARE differences between the two fonts. I only plan to use the BLF font!!!! The five characters of the forfeda are based on information found in the Wikipedia article found here.