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Nurturing Freedom of the Press with Objectivity

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Nurturing Freedom of the Press with Objectivity NURTURING FREEDOM OF THE PRESS WITH OBJECTIVITY \ A~ ""~ 11/1·, II II II 111111 1111111111111111 9 786028 721332 Republic of Indonesia KOMINFQ DEWANPERS f~:~:~·~:y NURTURING FREEDOM OF THE PRESS WITH OBJECTIVITY NURTURING FREEDOM OF THE PRESS WITH OBJECTIVITY Steering Team & Persons in Charge: Yosep Adi Prasetyo, Ahmad Djauhar, Nezar Patria, Anthonius Jimmy Silalahi, Ratna Komala, Imam Wahyudi, Hendry CH. Bangun, Sinyo Harry Sarundajang, Reva Deddy Utama Writers: Rahmon Amri, Martha Warta Silaban, Dian Yuliastuti, Sepsha Dewi Restian, Moch Nunung Kurniawan, Kurniawan hari, Abdul Malik, Fadjar Adrianto, Hamzah Ali Editors: Christiana Chelsia Chan, Wawan Agus Prasetyo ISBN: 973-602-8721-33-2 First Edition, December 2017 Copyright 2017 DEWAN PERS Indonesian Press Council Secretariat: Gedung Dewan Pers Lantai 7 - 8 Jl. Kebon Sirih No. 32 - 34 Jakarta Pusat Phone. (021) 3504874-75, 77 Fax. (021) 3452030 www.dewanpers.or.id / www.presscouncil.or.id [email protected] [email protected] Twitter: @dewanpers Facebook: Dewan Pers All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher CONTENT CONTENT ......................................................................................................................iii FOREWORD ..................................................................................................................v JAKARTA DECLARATION .......................................................................................ix WPFD 2017 SPEECHES .........................................................................................xix INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... xxx CHAPTER I QUALITY JOURNALISM: CREATING A JUST, PEACEFUL AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY .........................................................1 CHAPTER II JOURNALISTS SAFETY AND TACKLING IMPUNITY ...... 22 CHAPTER III MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY: THE FIGHT AGAINST HATE SPEECH, MISINFORMATION, AND NETWORK POLARIZATION ................................................... 45 CHAPTER IV FOSTERING GENDER EQUALITY AND INCLUSIVENESS THROUGH MEDIA INNOVATION ......................................... 60 CHAPTER V MEDIA INDEPENDENCE AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM................................................................................. 77 CHAPTER VI FREEDOM OF THE PRESS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: THE WAY FORWARD ................................................................ 93 CHAPTER VII MEDIA COVERAGE AND PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS ................................................107 CHAPTER VIII INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM: THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN PERSPECTIVE ..........................135 CHAPTER IX THE IMPACTS OF FAKE NEWS AND SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE ROLE OF JOURNALISM IN SOCIETY ...............151 CHAPTER X CONFLICT-SENSITIVE REPORTING ...................................166 CHAPTER XI CAPTURING INJUSTICE THROUGH THE LENS .............180 CHAPTER XII A PUBLIC POLICY CHALLENGE: ENSURING ARTISTIC FREEDOM ..................................................................................202 CHAPTER XIII THE UN PLAN OF ACTION ON THE SAFETY OF JOURNALISTS: THE ISSUE OF IMPUNITY AND ITS IMPACT IN SOUTHEAST ASIA ............................................218 CHAPTER XIV ASSESSING THE UNIVERSALITY OF INTERNET ............236 LAMPIRAN 1. THE GUIDELINES FOR HANDLING CASES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST JOURNALISTS ................................................................................255 2. UN PLAN OF ACTION ON THE SAFETY OF JOURNALISTS AND THE ISSUE OF IMPUNITY .................................................................................261 3. PHOTO GALLERY WPFD 2017 ........................................................................ 276 FOREWORD CHAIRMAN OF THE INDONESIAN PRESS COUNCIL YOSEP ADI PRASETYO welcome the 2017 World Press Freedom Day (WPFD) event held in Jakarta this time. The selection of Jakarta as the venue of the event is I a right decision. Jakarta is part of Indonesia. Jakarta is an ideal place to talk about press freedom and discuss the emerging new trends of media today. This place is a symbol of the capital of one of the largest democracies in the world that has successfully sailed through the process of democratic transition. The people of this country use technology and social media to promote social and political participation. The world is getting smaller. The boundaries of a country have now become increasingly blurred. Individuals and groups in different countries interact with each other in easier ways. There are interrelationship and interdependence between nations and individuals around the world NURTURING FREEDOM OF THE PRESS WITH OBJECTIVITY v through trade, investment, travel, popular culture, and other forms of interaction. The problem of a group of people in an area will be a common problem. This is increasingly becoming a world problem when it comes to environment and democracy. It is not impossible that it would trigger a multinational crisis, regional inflation, and others. The role of the press today is so important and has an impact on all areas of human life, especially in encouraging the emergence of a good government, taking care of world peace and human civilization. Therefore, there should be no ruler who may impede freedom of the press and freedom of expression. Freedom of the press should address two points, namely, first, the structure (freedom from) where there is no censorship, the journalist is free from pressure, the media can be independent amid the influence of the economic environment including ownership, no legal rules that curb freedom of the press, free from social and political pressure. Second, performance (freedom to), in which freedom of the press is also measured by how the press uses the independence. For example, whether media coverage has been honest and fair, revealing the true facts, defending the public interest, and so on. WPFD was proclaimed following a decision of the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1993 which declared 3 May as World Press Freedom Day. The purpose of WPFD is to celebrate the basic principles of freedom of the press, to evaluate the implementation of freedom of the press around the world, and to pay tribute to journalists who have lost their lives or are punished for practicing their profession. WPFD is also intended to raise awareness of the importance of freedom of the press and to remind the governments of their obligation to respect and enforce the right of freedom of expression pursuant to Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 1948. vi NURTURING FREEDOM OF THE PRESS WITH OBJECTIVITY During every WPFD, UNESCO awards the Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize to individuals, organizations or institutions deemed to have contributed tremendously to the defense and / or promotion of freedom of the press. The award is named in honor of Guillermo Cano Isaza, a Colombian journalist who was murdered in front of his newspaper office El Espectador in Bogotá on 17 December 1986. The 2017 WPFD is a unique event as it is the first time for the President and Vice President of Indonesia to attend the same event on the same day. Vice President Jusuf Kalla officially opened the event in the morning, President Joko Widodo delivered his address at the gala dinner after Director General of UNESCO Irina Bokova announced the winner of the Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize 2017, Dawit Isaak. More importantly, without the cooperation and support of all ministries and institutions and the seven constituents of the Indonesian Press Council, it is unlikely that this WPFD 2017 would have achieved its objective, or even ended very successfully. Nearly 600 international participants attended the event to represent 93 countries, while the national participants comprised nearly 900 people from 34 provinces. There were 33 session arranged during the event that took place on 1-4 May 2017 with the presence of 100 international speakers and 50 national speakers sharing their views. The Indonesian Press Council hopes that the World Press Freedom Day 2017 with the theme of “Critical Minds for Critical Times: Media’s Role in Advancing Peaceful, Just, and Inclusive Societies” is not only useful for the future of journalism and the media, but also contributes significantly to the development of peace and the realization of an inclusive society and the understanding of the principles of diversity. Hopefully this year’s WPFD is not just about sharing experiences and evaluating the implementation of freedom of the press in various NURTURING FREEDOM OF THE PRESS WITH OBJECTIVITY vii countries, but also our place to exchange journalistic experience in facing technological advancement with its challenges and obstacles. For that purpose, on behalf of the Indonesian Press Council I would like to thank all those who have assisted for the organization of WPFD 2017 from preparation to implementation. Especially we are thankful to the Minister of Communication and Informatics and his staff members, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its staff members (especially the Indonesian Embassy in Paris), the Ministry of Education and Culture and its staff members. I am also grateful to the Indonesian Journalists Association (PWI), the Alliance of Independent Journalists (AJI), the Indonesian Television Journalists Association (IJTI), the Indonesian News Publisher’s Association (SPS), the
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