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Development of Muscle Structure and Function in Loliginid Squids

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Development of Muscle Structure and Function in Loliginid Squids University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Winter 2004 Development of muscle structure and function in loliginid squids Gabriela Maria Martinez University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation Martinez, Gabriela Maria, "Development of muscle structure and function in loliginid squids" (2004). Doctoral Dissertations. 249. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/249 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEVELOPMENT OF MUSCLE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN LOLIGINID SQUIDS BY GABRIELA MARIA MARTINEZ Bachelor of Arts in Biology, Mount Holyoke College, 1996 Masters of Arts in Biology, Bryn Mawr College, 1999 DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology December, 2004 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3158678 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UMI Microform 3158678 Copyright 2005 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. This dissertation has been examined and approved. I d. Dissertation Director, Dr. Jessica A. Bolker Professor of Zoology r Dr. W ayn^R Fagerben nt Biology Dr. Larry CxTTHarris, Professor of Zoology X V A'J , y Dr. “Joseph T. Thompson, Assistant Professor of Biology St. Joseph’s University Dr. Michael Vecchione, Director National Systematics Laboratory 'P C k Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION................... ............................. ......................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ............................................................ ..............................vii LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................. viii ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................. x CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION........................... .......................... ...................................... 1 Cephalopod Overview ................................................. .......................................... 2 Cephalopod Muscle Arrangement and Structure .............................................. 4 Cephalopod Respiration and Locomotion ...........................................................5 Cephalopod Development .......................... .......................................................... 7 Development of Function ............................................. ...........................................11 Dissertation Objectives ........................................................................................... 14 II. EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT AND ORGANIZATION OF MANTLE, FUNNEL AND FIN MUSCULATURE IN LOLIGO PEALEII..................... 17 Introduction ................................................................................................................17 Materials and Methods ............................................................ ................ 19 Results. ....................... ..............................................................................................20 Discussion ............................................................ ................................................ ... 25 III. ULTRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND ORGANIZATION OF THE MANTLE MUSCULATURE IN LOLIGO PEALEII.............................34 Introduction... .................................................................................. ....................... 34 Materials and Methods.. ......................................................... .............................. 36 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHAPTER PAGE Results .......................................................................................................................38 Discussion .................................................................................................42 IV. EMERGENCE OF RESPIRATORY AND LOCOMOTORY FUNCTIONAL ABILITY IN EMBRYONIC LOLIGINID SQUIDS............50 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 50 Materials and Methods ........................................................................................... 55 Results ....................................................................................................................... 60 Discussion ..................................................................................................................65 V. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK......................................................79 Conclusions ...............................................................................................................79 Future Work ....................................................................................................81 APPENDICES.......................................................................................... ................85 APPENDIX A ..................................................................... 86 APPENDIX B.............................................. 88 APPENDIX C ..............................................................................................................90 APPENDIX D ................... 91 APPENDIX E............................................................................................. 94 APPENDIX F ...............................................................................................................96 APPENDIX G ............................................................... 97 APPENDIX H ........................... .98 LIST OF REFERENCES ...............................................................................99 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. DEDICATION For Dr. Margaret Hollyday: the best adviser/mother figure I will ever have. Your kindness and encouragement in the time that I have known you have never wavered and for that I am so grateful. As a mentor you have been an amazing example of how much a woman can accomplish. You really can do it all and do it all well and I admire that very much. I have learned an incredible amount from you and even from far away I continue to look to you for guidance. Thank you. For my parents: Dr. Salvador and Marcia Martinez and Edward and Barbara Hastings. This would not have been possible if each had one not given so much of themselves for me. IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank my committee, Dr. Jessica A. Bolker, Dr. Wayne R. Fagerburg, Dr. Larry G. Harris, Dr. Joseph T. Thompson and Dr. Michael Vecchione for their support and guidance. I would also like to extend my appreciation to Dr. Charles W. Walker. This project would not have ever been accomplished if I did not have the help, support and friendship from my mentors from the Blinks Fellowship, Drs. Adam P. Summers and Eliot G. Drucker. I am grateful to them for introducing me to the world of biomechanics in such a fun and un-intimidating manner. I am very grateful to The University of Washington’s Friday Harbor Laboratories and their scientific community. I cannot imagine a better or more beautiful place to discover and pursue your true calling than at FHL. Thanks to Dr. Elizabeth K. Shea whose constant cheerleading, support, editing, and friendship over the years have been integral to the completion of this degree. I am also extremely grateful to the faculty and staff of the Bryn Mawr College Biology Department who in my hour of need really came through for me. I especially want to thank Drs. Stephen Gardiner, Margaret Hollyday, and Peter Brodfuerher and to Blaire Bressi. Special thanks to Nancy Cherim, Mark Townley and Bethany Elwell who did much of the LM and TEM grunt work for me. v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. To my friends, who
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