FRENCH REVOLUTION FALLOUT CONGRESS OF VIENNA (1815)
• Kings met to restore pre-revolution “norms” • Austrian Prince von Metternich, dominated meetings • Goals: restore monarchs, encircle France, restore balance of power to avoid war DECISIONS MADE
• Who got what? – Netherlands – Independence – Prussia – Alsace-Lorraine – Russia – Finland & Poland – Germany & Italy – forced to stay neutral – Britain – Overseas territories – Monarchies restored in: Spain, Portugal, Sardinia, France, Papal States REVOLUTIONS (1815-1848)
String of attempted revolutions in Europe • Spain, Italy, Russia, Poland, Austria, Germany, Greece, Belgium REVOLUTIONS (1815-1848)
Latin American Revolutions 1800-1825 • Napoleon’s control of Spain caused rebellion in Latin America – Toussaint L’Ouverture – Haiti, 1804 – Miguel Hidalgo – Mexico, 1813 – Jose San Martin – Argentina, 1816 (& Chile, Peru) – Simon Bolivar – Venezuela,1821 (&Colombia, Ecuador) EFFECTS OF FRENCH REV.
• End of Old Regime • Death from war & guillotine, suffering, failed governments • Nationalism in European & Latin American countries • Napoleonic Code – some improved rights • Monarchy … Constitutional Monarchy … Republic (Dictatorship) … Republic … Dictatorship/Empire … MONARCHY FRENCH RULERS FROM 1589-PRESENT • Bourbon Dynasty (Absolute Monarchy) 1589 - 1610 Henry IV 1610 - 1643 Louis XIII 1643 - 1715 Louis XIV (the Sun King) 1715 - 1774 Louis XV 1774 - 1789 Louis XVI • Constitutional Monarchy 1789-1792 1789 - 1792 Louis XVI • First Republic 1792 - 1795 National Convention • 1795 - 1799 Directory (Directors) 1795 - 99 Paul François Jean Nicolas de Barras 1795 - 99 Jean-François Reubell 1795 - 99 Louis Marie La Revellíere-Lépeaux 1795 - 97 Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot 1795 - 97 Etienne Le Tourneur 1797 François Marquis de Barthélemy 1797 - 99 Philippe Antoine Merlin de Douai 1797 - 98 François de Neufchâteau 1798 - 99 Jean Baptiste Comte de Treilhard 1799 Emmanuel Joseph Comte de Sieyés 1799 Roger Comte de Ducos 1799 Jean François Auguste Moulins 1799 Louis Gohier • 1799 - 1804 Consulate 1st Consul: 1799 - 1804 Napoleon Bonaparte 2nd Consul: 1799 Emmanuel Joseph Comte de Sieyés, 1799 - 1804 Jean-Jacques Régis Cambacérès 3rd Consul: 1799 - 1799 Pierre-Roger Ducos 1799 - 1804 Charles François Lebrun • First Empire (emperors) 1804 - 1814 Napoleon I 1814 - 1815 Louis XVIII (king) 1815 Napoleon I (2nd time) • Bourbons (restored) 1814 - 1824 Louis XVIII 1824 - 1830 Charles X FRENCH RULERS FROM 1589-PRESENT • Orleans 1830 - 1848 Louis Philippe • Second Republic (presidents) 1848 Louis Eugéne Cavaignac 1848 - 1852 Louis Napoleon (later Napoleon III) • Second Empire (emperors) 1852 - 1870 (Louis) Napoleon III • Third Republic (presidents) 1870 - 1871 Louis Jules Trochu (provisional) 1871 - 1873 Adolphe Thiers 1873 - 1879 Patrice de MacMahon 1879 - 1887 Jules Grévy 1887 - 1894 Sadi Carnot 1894 - 1895 Jean Casimir-Périer 1895 - 1899 Félix Faure 1899 - 1906 Emile Loubet 1906 - 1913 Armand Fallières 1913 - 1920 Raymond Poincaré 1920 Paul Deschanel 1920 - 1924 Alexandre Millerand 1924 - 1931 Gaston Doumergue 1931 - 1932 Paul Doumer 1932 - 1940 Albert Lebrun • Vichy Government (Chief of State) 1940 - 1944 Henri Philippe Petain • Provisional Government (presidents) 1944 - 1946 Charles de Gaulle 1946 Félix Gouin 1946 Georges Bidault 1946 Leon Blum • Fourth Republic (presidents) 1947 - 1954 Vincent Auriol 1954 - 1959 René Coty • Fifth Republic (presidents) 1959 - 1969 Charles de Gaulle 1969 - 1974 Georges Pompidou 1974 - 1981 Valéry Giscard d'Estaing 1981 - 1995 François Mitterand 1995 - Today Jacques Chirac