MNEMOSIS by Philippe Bréson
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The Western Front the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Westernthe Front
Ed 2 June 2015 2 June Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Western Front The Western Creative Media Design ADR003970 Edition 2 June 2015 The Somme Battlefield: Newfoundland Memorial Park at Beaumont Hamel Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The Somme Battlefield: Lochnagar Crater. It was blown at 0728 hours on 1 July 1916. Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front 2nd Edition June 2015 ii | THE WESTERN FRONT OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR ISBN: 978-1-874346-45-6 First published in August 2014 by Creative Media Design, Army Headquarters, Andover. Printed by Earle & Ludlow through Williams Lea Ltd, Norwich. Revised and expanded second edition published in June 2015. Text Copyright © Mungo Melvin, Editor, and the Authors listed in the List of Contributors, 2014 & 2015. Sketch Maps Crown Copyright © UK MOD, 2014 & 2015. Images Copyright © Imperial War Museum (IWM), National Army Museum (NAM), Mike St. Maur Sheil/Fields of Battle 14-18, Barbara Taylor and others so captioned. No part of this publication, except for short quotations, may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the permission of the Editor and SO1 Commemoration, Army Headquarters, IDL 26, Blenheim Building, Marlborough Lines, Andover, Hampshire, SP11 8HJ. The First World War sketch maps have been produced by the Defence Geographic Centre (DGC), Joint Force Intelligence Group (JFIG), Ministry of Defence, Elmwood Avenue, Feltham, Middlesex, TW13 7AH. United Kingdom. -
The Evolution of British Tactical and Operational Tank Doctrine and Training in the First World War
The evolution of British tactical and operational tank doctrine and training in the First World War PHILIP RICHARD VENTHAM TD BA (Hons.) MA. Thesis submitted for the award of the degree of Master of Philosophy by the University of Wolverhampton October 2016 ©Copyright P R Ventham 1 ABSTRACT Tanks were first used in action in September 1916. There had been no previous combat experience on which to base tactical and operational doctrine for the employment of this novel weapon of war. Training of crews and commanders was hampered by lack of vehicles and weapons. Time was short in which to train novice crews. Training facilities were limited. Despite mechanical limitations of the early machines and their vulnerability to adverse ground conditions, the tanks achieved moderate success in their initial actions. Advocates of the tanks, such as Fuller and Elles, worked hard to convince the sceptical of the value of the tank. Two years later, tanks had gained the support of most senior commanders. Doctrine, based on practical combat experience, had evolved both within the Tank Corps and at GHQ and higher command. Despite dramatic improvements in the design, functionality and reliability of the later marks of heavy and medium tanks, they still remained slow and vulnerable to ground conditions and enemy counter-measures. Competing demands for materiel meant there were never enough tanks to replace casualties and meet the demands of formation commanders. This thesis will argue that the somewhat patchy performance of the armoured vehicles in the final months of the war was less a product of poor doctrinal guidance and inadequate training than of an insufficiency of tanks and the difficulties of providing enough tanks in the right locations at the right time to meet the requirements of the manoeuvre battles of the ‘Hundred Days’. -
Artillery at the Battle of Hamel, 4 July 1918
Artillery at the Battle of Hamel, 4 July 1918 By Dr. Meleah Hampton The Battle of Hamel, conducted by battalions of the Australian Corps on 4 July 1918, is remembered as one of the startling successes of the First World War. The first time Australian and American infantry fought together on the Western Front, the meticulously planned operation was scheduled to take 90 minutes and famously took 93. The man who orchestrated the battle, Lieutenant General Sir John Monash said from the outset that ‘the operation [at Hamel] will be primarily a tank operation.’1 Since then, Hamel has been considered as though it was just that, an infantry battle with attendant tanks. But the British offensive method of 1918 was heavily dependent on a systematic application of fire-power to support advancing infantry. And Hamel was no exception. The infantry attack –and the famous 90 minutes – began at 3.10am. The initial barrage lasted for four minutes, following which it moved at a rate of 100 yards every three minutes until it reached a line that bisected the village of Hamel and was roughly three quarters of the way to the final objective line. At this point the barrage paused, and a thick smoke screen was built up to protect the infantry. Each assaulting company had more or less moved straight ahead behind the barrage up to this point, but during the pause began consolidating and mopping up as the next wave from the following battalion leapfrogged through.2 After ten minutes standing barrage on this intermediate halt line, the artillery fire lifted away a little more slowly, crossing the remaining distance to the final objective in four lifts of 100 yards each, one every four minutes. -
SIMPSON PRIZE COMPETITION for Year 9 and 10 Students
SIMPSON PRIZE COMPETITION for Year 9 and 10 students 2019 Winner Tasmania Erin Massey St Patrick's College, Prospect Vale Erin Massey Simpson Prize 2019 To what extent could 1918 be considered a year of victory for Australia and its people? 1918 is often remembered by the contemporary Australian public as ‘a year of victory’. While this is an accurate description of the Australian Corps’ involvement in the Great War, it overlooks the suffering endured by our fellow Australians. The military victories of 1918 include the battles of Hamel and Amiens, both of which were greatly impacted by General Sir John Monash. Monash’s ingenious battle plans were renowned for their precise calculations and comprehensive preparations which fully deserve to be remembered by Australians today. These victories had a profound emotional effect on both the Australian and German soldiers, which further supports the view that 1918 was a year of victory as this benefitted Australia. While these factors provide compelling weight to the victorious year’s perspective, it neglects the suffering of the Australian soldiers as well as their families in Australia. There were over twelve thousand Australian casualties in 1918; while this is significantly less than the antecedent years of the war, it is still an immense statistic. Evidently, the war experience for countless Australians was an awful one, and we see this through letters from the soldiers and commanders as well as newspaper articles of that time. An undeniable argument supporting 1918 as ‘a year of victory’ is the military advances that General Sir John Monash devised and orchestrated. -
'The Shape of Things to Come': the Battle of Hamel, 4 July 1918 by Philip Dutton
World War One Centenary : Continuations and Beginnings (University of Oxford / JISC) 'The shape of things to come': the Battle of Hamel, 4 July 1918 by Philip Dutton 2018-07-02 17:11:24 Prelude - a battle little known Though hardly the immediate basis for a lasting 'special relationship?, a small and very successful battle took place on the Western Front on 4 July 1918 ' exactly one hundredyears ago ' which marked the first time British and American forces fought together during the First World War. This attack represented the first stirrings of an offensive spirit which had been all but eclipsed by the demands of repeated German offensives, and one that displayed a number of novel and innovative features. 'The shape of things to come ' [1] Background With but few notable exceptions[2], the history of British offensive operations on the Western Front up to the end of 1917 was not a happy one. Too often poor planning, inadequate resources and lack of surprise rendered the set-piece infantry assault a desperate and costly affair for those involved. Repeated attempts to take positions head-on resulted in grievous casualty figures. By the summer of 1918, and in the wake of successive German offensives, the British Army, though backed by massive industrial support, was strictly limited in terms of manpower. In consequence, principles emphasising infantry conservation were evolved and accepted as the only rational approach to subsequent fighting. The Battle of Hamel It is sometimes overlooked that the German search for a war-winning breakthrough on the Western Front continued well into the summer of 1918. -
THE BATTLE of the SAMBRE 4 NOVEMBER 1918 By
THE BATTLE OF THE SAMBRE 4 NOVEMBER 1918 by JOHN DEREK CLAYTON 669689 A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY College of Arts & Law Department of History University of Birmingham September 2015 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Acknowledgements The completion of a PhD thesis can be at times a solitary occupation: the completion of this one would never have been possible, however, without help from a number of sources on the way. My thanks go particularly to my supervisor, Dr John Bourne, for his direction, support, encouragement and unfailingly wise counsel. I would also thank Professor Peter Simkins who supervised my MA dissertation and then suggested the Battle of the Sambre as a subject ripe for further study. He then kindly supplied data on the performance of divisions in the Hundred Days and permitted me to use it in this work. Thanks must also go to the staffs of the National Archive, the Imperial War Museum and the Bundesarchiv – Militärarchiv in Freiburg. Fellow PhD students have been a constant source of friendship and encouragement: my grateful thanks to Geoff Clarke, who allowed me to use some of his doctoral research on logistics, and to Trevor Harvey, Peter Hodgkinson, Alison Hine and Michael LoCicero. -
The Americans from Thechemin Des Dames to the Marne
The first US troops in Soissons station, February 4, 1918. Fonds Valois - BdiC 1917-1918 AISNE The Americans from the Chemin des Dames to the Marne Grand Cerf crossroads, Villers-Cotterêts forest, July 19 1918. american supply base. America’s entry into Psychology and numbers Trucks unloading supplies. Fonds Valois - BdiC In the months preceding America’s entry into WW1, the prospec- tive involvement of American soldiers in the fighting on French soil greatly influenced the calculations of German and Allied strategists alike. Though it was inexperienced and faced organi- zational problems, the American Army numbered 200,000 men and its troops were fresh, unlike war-weary allied forces who had Mark MEIGS, in 1918. De guerre lasse, Dép.de been fighting for three years already and had experienced the l’Aisne, 2008. Translated from the French. horrors of trench warfare. American support was then crucial and likely to influence the outcome of the war. examine the various actions of the Ame- rican ships in the first months of 1917 rican Army, they do not deem them deci- that the USA could not avoid entering the sive, and hardly proportional to the num- war, there were a central Army Staff and ber of American soldiers on French soil national army officers able to implement at the end of the war, namely two million. such effort but there were inevitable blun- American actions did not decide the out- ders due to lack of coordination and to come of the war but the sheer presence the new conditions of organization and of their troops did, as all parties felt that recruitment. -
"With the Help of God and a Few Marines,"
WITH THE HELP OF GOD NDAFEW ff R E3 ENSE PETIT P LAC I DAM SUB LIBE > < m From the Library of c RALPH EMERSON FORBES 1866-1937 o n > ;;.SACHUSETTS BOSTON LIBRARY "WITH THE HELP OF GOD AND A FEW ]\/[ARINES" "WITH THE HELP OF GOD AND A FEW MARINES" BY BRIGADIER GENERAL A. W. CATLIN, U. S. M. C. WITH THE COLLABORATION OF WALTER A. DYER AUTHOR OF "HERROT, DOG OF BELGIUM," ETC ILLUSTRATED Gaeden City New York DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1919 » m Copyright, 1918, 1919, by DOUBLEDAY, PaGE & COMPANY All rights reserved, including that of translation into foreign languages including the Scandinavian UNIV. OF MASSACHUSETTS - LIBRARY { AT BOSTON CONTENTS PAGE ix Introduction , , . PART I ' MARINES TO THE FRONT I CHAPTER I. What Is A Marine? 3 II. To France! ^5 III. In the Trenches 29 IV. Over the Top 44 V. The Drive That Menaced Paris 61 PART II fighting to save PARIS VI. Going In 79 VIL Carrying On 9i VIII. "Give 'Em Hell, Boys!" 106 IX. In Belleau Wood and Bouresches 123 X. Pushing Through ^3^ XI. "They Fought Like Fiends'* ........ 161 XII. "Le Bois de LA Brigade de Marine" 171 XIII. At Soissons and After 183 PART III soldiers of the sea XIV. The Story of the Marine Corps 237 XV. Vera Cruz AND THE Outbreak of War 251 XVI. The Making of a Marine 267 XVII. Some Reflections on the War 293 APPENDIX I. Historical Sketch 3^9 II. The Marines' Hymn .323 III. Major Evans's Letter 324 IV. Cited for Valour in Action 34^ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS HALF-TONE Belleau Wood . -
Dan Dailey Usmc
Dan dailey usmc Continue Dan Daly redirects here. For other features, see Dan Daly (disambiguating). Not to be confused with Daniel A. Dailey. Daniel DalyBirth nameDaniel JosephBorn(1873-11-11)November 11, 1873Glen Cove, New York, U.S.DiedApril 27, 1937(1937-04-27) (63 years Glendale, Queens, New York, New York, U. S.BuriedCypress Hills National CemeteryAllegiance United States of AmericaService/branch United States Marine CorpsYears of service1899–1929Rank Sergeant MajorUnit2nd Marine Regiment6th Marine RegimentBattles/warsBoxer Rebellion Battle of Peking Banana Wars Battle of Veracruz Battle of Fort Dipitie World War I Battle of Belleau Wood Battle of Bell-Saint-Mi-Mi.La Battle of Blanc Mont Ridge awardsMedal of Honor (2)Navy CrossDistinguished Service CrossCroix de guerreMédaille militaire Daniel Joseph Daly (November 11, 1873 – April 27, 1937) was a United States Marine and one of the nineteen men (including seven Marines) who received the Medal of Honor twice. All Navy double winners, except Daly and Division General Smedley Butler, received both Medals of Honor for the same action. Daly is said to have shouted: Come on, you sons of bitches, do you want to live forever? to the men of his company before accusing the Germans during the Battle of Belleau Wood in World War I. Daly was reportedly offered a commission of officer twice who replied that he would rather be an exceptional sergeant than just another officer. Awards[edit] Medals of Honor are on display at the National Marine Corps Museum in Triangle, Virginia. Biography Daly being awarded the Médaille militaire. Daniel Joseph Daly was born on November 11, 1873, in Glen Cove, New York. -
An AEF Battlefield Guide by Michael E
An AEF Battlefield Guide By Michael E. Hanlon, Editor/Publisher American Soldiers Flooding into the St. Mihiel Salient, Depicted in Beyond Seicheprey, by Capt. J. Andre Smith, This guidebook has been inspired by some things I've experienced during my over quarter-century study of the First World War. I made my first tour of the Western Front in 1990 and was amazed how different the battlefields looked in person, and how what I saw changed my thinking about what had transpired there. Simply reading about the battles, I found, was both insufficient for understanding them and, at times, deceptive. I came back home determined to share these insights. This led me to a secondary career as a battlefield tour leader—a job I've had off and on since. Since both my personal interest and that of my group of travelers—nearly exclusively Yanks— are strongly focused on the American experience in the war, I've made many trips to the U.S. battlefields. My groups are heavily made up of well-read Great War buffs, but what they have read about America's battles in the war are either sketchy or go out of their way to underplay the U.S. involvement in the war. Consequently, they are always surprised by the number of the Doughboys' battlefields, their size, and their wide spread from Flanders to the Vosges mountains. This guidebook is intended to help readers get sense of the scope of the nation's war effort and to keep the names, dates, locations and basic details about the AEF's major battles sorted out. -
CHAPTER XI11 HAIG, When He Visited Foch 011 July Igth, Had Not Yet Replied to the Generalissimo's Request of July 12Th for An
CHAPTER XI11 THE ORIGIN OF “AUGUST 8TH” HAIG,when he visited Foch 011 July Igth, had not yet replied to the generalissimo’s request of July 12th for an early British offensive. Foch’s letter had pointed out that minor operations of the last few weeks had shown the Germans to be holding their lines with tired troops, below strength or of bad quality, in order to form behind them, for offensives, a mass of picked, strong, trained troops. This gave a chance, which should be seized at once, of launching important surprise offensives. The offensive that he now favoured for the British front was not the one to which he had chiefly inclined in May although it was one of the several that he had then discussed with Haig-an attack from Festubert and Robecq in the Lys area with the double object of shaking the enemy and driving him back in the region of the Bruay mine- field. Haig favoured another offen- sive: on July 5th lie had asked the commanders of his First and Third Armies (Generals Horne and Byng) to consider a limited attack east of Arras‘ by the Canadian Corps together with three or four other divisions. EnhSh o/&nsrrrs uidTpzdz Accordingly on the morning after am show” mur + seeing Foch he visited Horne and Bjiig but found them both opposed to the plan unless it was extended. As he had not yet sufficient reserves for this he ordered that the Canadians should reconnoitre and work 1 Towards Monchy-le-Prcux and the ridge beyond the Cojeul. -
THE BATTLE of HAMEL the Night of July 3Rd Was Particularly Quiet, but Was Also Extraordinarily Interesting to Any Observer Who Knew What Was Going Forward
CHAPTER IS ‘THE BATTLE OF HAMEL THE night of July 3rd was particularly quiet, but was also extraordinarily interesting to any observer who knew what was going forward. At 6 p.m. telegrams had reached the Aus- tralian infantry battalions saying that the hour chosen for the attack was 3.10. Several of their commanders saw to it that, as well as their evening meal, the troops had a second hot meal, about midnight (a fact which the Anierican soldiers again record with appreciation) .’ At IO 30 p.m. the tanks, with their engines throttled down, began to make the journey -roughly a niile-from Fouilloy and Hamelet to their assembly line half a mile behind the front, reaching it between I I 45 and 1.15. There they were met by guides from the infantry, who helped the tank section commanders to mark with tapes the tracks from there to the infantry battalions. Meanwhile parties from the infantry were out ahead cutting paths through their own wire or removing estensive lengths of it, while the intelligence officers and engineers laid the tapes. At various times between midnight and 1.45 the rear companies of the 4th Brigade reached the front, and at the same time the com- panies at the front filed out from the trenches on to their tapes. The battlefield was partly open grassland, partly covered with deep crops. In one sector (as Cap. Gale noted) the tape “ran through waist-high wheat and clover fields.” Even a veteran of so many battles as young Col. McSharry (15th Battalion ) was deeply impressed by the silence and perfect 1 Lt.