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Frequency of Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor and Distribution of Demographic Features in a Main Tertiary Hospital in Iran

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Frequency of Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor and Distribution of Demographic Features in a Main Tertiary Hospital in Iran ©2018 ASP Ins., Afarand Scholarly Publishing Institute, Iran ISSN: 2476-5848; Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Cancer Research. 2018;3(2):59-63. Frequency of Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor and Distribution of Demographic Features in a Main Tertiary Hospital in Iran A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Aims Ovarian cancer is the 4th cause of women’s mortality occurring due to cancer. Malignant Article Type germ cell tumors (GCTs) account for 5% of malignant ovarian tumors and 70% of ovarian Original Research tumors in women between the ages of 10-30 years old. The aim of the present study was to detect the frequency of malignant ovarian germ cell tumor and distribution of demographic Authors features in the most crowded gynecology oncology clinic. 1 Setareh Akhavan MD, Materials and Methods This cohort descriptive-analytical study was conducted on cases 2 Jila Agah* MD, with malignant ovarian tumor managed in Vali-Asr hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 2001 to 2018 Abbas Alipour3 PhD (n=1540). The malignant germ cell tumors cases were extracted (n=128) and evaluated in point of epidemiologic and demographic data via the software SPSS 24. Findings 128 patients (8.3%) had GCTs. The average age was 23.88±7.85 years. 79.7% lived in the city, 76.6% had medium economic status and 53.6% had normal body mass index. Premature puberty was revealed in one person. Karyotype XY was detected in 5 persons. How to cite this article About 70.3% of the patients had no parity. In parous women, the highest percentage was Setareh Akhavan, Jila Agah, Ab- related to a childbirth (55.0%). A history of infertility was detected at 6.1%. In 10 patients, bas Alipour. Frequency of Ma- lignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tum- the tumor was detected during pregnancy. or and Distribution of Demog- Conclusion The highest frequency is related to the early young women with no considerable raphic Features in a Main Tertia- association with socioeconomic and weight status. It is possible that parity would be a ry Hospital in Iran. Journal of protective factor for this tumor. In the case of adnexal mass during pregnancy, Malignant Obstetrics, Gynecology and Cancer Germ cell tumors should be rolled out. Research. 2018;3(2):59-63. Keywords Infertility; Ovarian Neoplasms; Germ Cell Tumor; Pregnancy C I T A T I O N L I N K S [1] Endogenous hormones and ovarian cancer ... [2] Clinicopathological analysis of ovarian tumours at birendra military ... [3] Histological pattern of ovarian tumors and their ... [4] Cancer ... [5] Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer ... [6] Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major ... [7] A quick guide to cancer ... 1Gynecology Oncology Department, Medicine Faculty, Tehran University [8] Ovarian cancer: Epidemiology ... [9] Morules with optically clear nuclei in ovarian of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran borderline ... [10] Misdiagnosis of a giant uterine leiomyosarcoma ... [11] Mismanagement 2 Obstetrics & Gynecology Oncol- of a huge ovarian serous cystadenoma ... [12] Malignant germ cell tumors of ... [13] ogy Department, Medicine Faculty, Sabzevar University of Medical Sci- Incidence and survival rates for female ... [14] Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: Case ences, Sabzevar, Iran series ... [15] Pattern recognition using transabdominal ultrasound ... [16] Update on 3 “Research Center for Health Scienc- malignant ovarian ... [17] Non-epithelial ovarian cancer: ESMO clinical practice ... [18] es” and “Epidemiology Department, Health & Nutrition Faculty”, Shiraz [19] University of Medical Sciences, Shi- cord involvement by testicular germ cell tumors: Should we be staging discontinuous raz, Iran invasionIdentification from ofinvolved 19 new ...risk [20] loci Repair and potentialshielding of... platinum-DNA The significance lesions ofin spermatictesticular germ cell tumors by high-mobility group box protein 4 imparts cisplatin ... [21] Germ *Correspondence cell tumors of the ... [22] Management of ovarian germ ... [23] Address: Tohidshahr Boulevard, Par- incidence rate ... [24] Incidence rate of ovarian cancer in Iran ... [25] Malignant struma dis of Sabzevar University of Medical ovarii: An analysis of 88 cases, including ... [26] Natural history of Crude biologically and age-specific malignant Sciences, Medicine Faculty. Postal Code: 9613873136 struma ... [27] Ovary: Germ cell ... [28] [29] Phone: - Body mass index and ... [30] Evaluation of risk factors and prognostic factors of ... [31] Fax: +98 (51) 44018440 Malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary Age-specific ... [32] Papillary ovarian serous cancer cystadenoma incidence rate of ovary:... [email protected] A huge ovarian cyst complicating the ... [33] Risk of high-grade serous ovarian cancer associated ... [34] Ovarian cancer complicated by pregnancy ... [35] Williams Obstetrics Article History 22nd Edition Study ... [36] Epidemiology and etiology of infertility in Iran, systematic ... Received: August 10, 2017 [37] Epidemiology of ovarian cancer ... [38] Ovarian and fallopian tube ... [39] Epithelial Accepted: September 30, 2017 ovarian ... [40] Epidemiology of epithelial ovarian ... ePublished: June 21, 2018 Copyright© 2018 ASP Ins. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which permits Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) under the Attribution-NonCommercial terms. Frequency of Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor and Distribution of Demographic … 60 Introduction cases of malignant GCTs were detected and Studies on the causes of women's mortality have investigated. shown that cancer is the second cause in rank [1]. All the information about demographic features and Among the cancers of female, ovarian cancer is the risk factors was completed using a questionnaire 4th cause of women's mortality [2]. The vast variety of containing personal information such as age, date of ovarian tissue makes it prone to various types of marriage, place of residence, economic status, tumors [3]. In fact, ovarian cancer is the most fatal education, and body mass index. It also contained type among genital cancers in women [4]. In 2008, such medical records as the age of menstruation, 225,000 women were reported to have ovarian amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, hirsutism, premature cancer, and 145,000 of women died due to the puberty, pregnancy, number of children, infertility, mentioned cancer [5-8]. abortion, type of childbirth, family history of tumor, Due to the position of the ovaries, which is deep history of diseases, history of ovarian cyst or mass. down the pelvis, the diagnosis of this cancer may be The data, including qualitative and quantitative missed in its early stages [9]. Also, it may mimic variables, were numbered and analyzed via SPSS 24 symptoms of other disorders such as software. Frequency tables and statistical indexes gastrointestinal or uterine abnormalities which may were used to interpret the data. delay its diagnosis [10, 11]. Ovarian germ cell tumors result from primordial Findings cells and may be malignant or benign. These tumors The frequency of the malignant GCTs was 128 account for 20-25% of ovarian neoplasms and 5% of (8.3%) patients, out of 1540 ovarian tumors. Their malignant tumors. They also account for 70% of average age was 23.88±7.85 years old. About 57.0% ovarian tumors in women with age 10-30 years old of the subjects were under 25 and 43.0% of them [12, 13]. were over 25 years old. 72.6% were high school and No clear risk factors have been reported for it [14, 15]. university students. 51.6%, were married, and they There are a few papers which do relate to family had been married for 3.50±2.73 years on average. background. About 70.3% parous of the patients had no parity. Malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs) are categorized About 29.7% who had childbirth, the highest as the following pathological groups: Dysgerminoma percentage was related to a child with 54.7% (Table (The most common type), Yolk sac, Endodermal 1). sinus tumor (EST), Embryonal carcinoma, In 10 patients the tumor was detected during Polyembryoma, Choriocarcinoma, Teratomas, and pregnancy. 24 patients (18.7%) had not completed Mixed GCTs [16]. Most GCTs are diagnosed in the their puberty and therefore had not experienced beginning stages. Generally, in these stages, the their first menstruation. Five of these patients had patients have an acceptable survival rate (Above XY karyotype and 2 patients did not have any 90%) [17]. manifestation of secondary traits. Among these Studies concerning malignant GCTs in women are patients, there was the history of menstruation fewer than men [18-20]. Also, there seems to be no disorders including amenorrhea (5.76%), comprehensive study in this field in Iran. Therefore, dysmenorrhea (14.42%), menorrhagia (10.57%), it was decided to conduct a research project on this menstrual irregularities (15.38%) and hirsutism issue, to determine the frequency and demographic (7.69%). The average age of menstruation was features of the patients suffering from malignant 12.63±1.43 years old. One patient had shown GCTs in Iran. premature puberty (Table 2). The aim of the present study was to detect the Seven patients had a family history of cancer (2 frequency of malignant ovarian germ cell tumor and uterine cancers, 4 breast cancers, and 1 blood distribution of demographic features in the most cancer). Moreover, some other patients had a crowded gynecology oncology clinic in Iran. history of other diseases (7 thyroid disorders, 1 diabetes, and 6 other diseases including 1 deafness, Materials and Methods 1 hypertension, 1 breast cancer, 1 Swyer syndrome, This cohort study is a descriptive-analytical type of and 2 mentally retarded people). Seven percent of study. It was conducted in the gynecology oncology the subjects stated history of benign ovarian cysts. clinic of Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran, Iran, which is the The diagram of the frequency of malignant ovarian major referral center of gynecology oncology in Iran germ cell tumor during 2001-2018 shows that this in a 17-year period of time from 2001 to 2018.
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