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Situation of Persons with Disabilities in Lebanon

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Situation of Persons with Disabilities in Lebanon Helpdesk Report Situation of persons with disabilities in Lebanon Emilie Combaz Independent researcher and consultant in social sciences 15 July 2018 Question What is the current situation of persons with disabilities in Lebanon? Specifically, please identify information on the period since 2013 on the following aspects: a) Recent data (quantitative or qualitative) on the state of persons with disabilities in Lebanon, such as data on prevalence or on access to basic services for persons with disabilities. b) Assessments of laws on the rights of persons with disabilities in Lebanon. c) Analyses of the political, social, cultural, and economic context for persons with disabilities in Lebanon. Relevant issues could include, for example: norms and behaviours towards persons with disabilities; gender equality; social cohesion; the impact of violent conflict on the mental health and psychosocial needs of persons with disabilities; and any issues particular to Lebanon. Please identify issues particular to persons with disabilities amongst Syrian refugees within the above aspects. Wherever possible in the report, please provide findings that are disaggregated, e.g. by age and gender. The K4D helpdesk service provides brief summaries of current research, evidence, and lessons learned. Helpdesk reports are not rigorous or systematic reviews; they are intended to provide an introduction to the most important evidence related to a research question. They draw on a rapid desk-based review of published literature and consultation with subject specialists. Helpdesk reports are commissioned by the UK Department for International Development and other Government departments, but the views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of DFID, the UK Government, K4D or any other contributing organisation. For further information, please contact [email protected]. Summary of evidence • An estimated 10-15% of the Lebanese population has physical, sensory, intellectual, or mental disabilities, according to the more reliable data available. The rate of prevalence is estimated at about 10% among refugees who have fled from Palestine to Lebanon from 1947, at about 8% among Palestinian refugees from Syria, and at 10-22.8% among refugees who have fled Syria since 2011. • There is a systemic lack of provisions for rights, resources, and services for persons with disabilities in Lebanon, due foremost to inaction by the State. As a result, persons with disabilities experience widespread discrimination, marginalisation, exclusion, and violence, at the hands of a range of State and non-State institutions and individuals, in the home and outside. This applies to all areas of their lives. In particular, work and basic services for them are scarce, not accessible, and of poor quality. • The legal framework on the rights of persons with disabilities is limited, and not enforced. Legislation and policies have not embraced a rights-based approach, and tend to exclude disabilities that are not physical from consideration. • Persons with disabilities face adverse political, social, cultural, and economic conditions. This has extremely detrimental effects on their rights, capacities, experiences, and quality of life. o Actors in formal politics have taken little to no action towards the rights of persons with disabilities. o General knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours towards persons with disabilities in Lebanon often rely on charitable or medical approaches to disabilities, rather than social or rights-based ones. Lack of knowledge, prejudice, and stigma against persons with disabilities are common – especially against those with intellectual or mental disabilities. Family caregivers also experience a high burden of care work, which negatively affects persons with disabilities. • Multiple types of structural inequalities and living conditions combine to shape the experiences of different persons with disabilities: o Economic, social, and political structures create the broad conditions for vulnerabilities and capacities. These structures include socio-economic class, the types of disabilities, gender, age, nationality, and being a refugee. They particularly disadvantage, respectively: poorer and less educated persons; persons with intellectual or mental disabilities; women, girls, and boys; children, youth, and older persons; and Palestinian and Syrian refugees. o However, more precise factors provide finer-grainer analyses of vulnerabilities and capacities, especially: family support systems; economic situation; access to services; peer support networks; and assistive devices. • Foreign aid actors had largely ignored disability issues until 2016-2017. • Persons with disabilities and their supporters have significant capacities, with much past and present activism and mobilisations. They have expertise and skills not just about their situation and available assistance, but also about effective mobilisation and activism, and about the overall situation in the country. • Disability in Lebanon remains under-researched, particularly on: the relations between Lebanese political economic and disabilities; rural areas; and the situation of migrant workers (as caregivers and as persons with disabilities). 2 Contents Summary of evidence .............................................................................................. 2 1. Overview of findings .......................................................................................... 5 Data on the state of persons with disabilities ............................................................... 5 Assessment of laws ........................................................................................................ 5 Political, social, cultural, and economic context ........................................................... 6 State of knowledge and gaps ......................................................................................... 7 2. State of knowledge and gaps ............................................................................ 9 3. Data on the state of persons with disabilities in Lebanon ........................... 11 Prevalence of impairments and disabilities ................................................................. 11 General prevalence of all impairments and disabilities ................................................................. 11 Prevalence of specific impairments and disabilities ...................................................................... 15 Variables associated with impairments and disabilities ................................................................ 16 State of rights, resources, and services for persons with disabilities ....................... 17 Access to information, including about rights ................................................................................ 17 Remedies and reparations ............................................................................................................ 18 Paid work, and skills training ......................................................................................................... 18 Social protection and social care ................................................................................................... 19 Health care, rehabilitation services, and assistive technologies ................................................... 20 Low availability of services ........................................................................................................ 20 Poor access to services ............................................................................................................. 21 Poor quality of services provided ............................................................................................... 22 Effects of poor provision on persons with disabilities ................................................................ 22 Access to the built environment, housing, and shelter .................................................................. 22 Education ....................................................................................................................................... 23 Separate social care institutions ................................................................................................ 24 Public schools ............................................................................................................................ 25 Private schools .......................................................................................................................... 26 Non-formal education ................................................................................................................ 26 Participation in public and political life ........................................................................................... 26 Participation in cultural life and leisure .......................................................................................... 27 Treatment by law enforcement ...................................................................................................... 27 4. Assessment of laws on the rights of persons with disabilities ................... 28 Relevant international laws ........................................................................................... 28 State of Lebanese ratifications ...................................................................................................... 28 Lebanese laws and policies in light of applicable
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