Harvest Parameters
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Basic Definitions and Tips for Winemaking
Presque Isle Wine Cellars “Serving the Winemaker Since 1964” (814) 725-1314 www.piwine.com Basic Winemaking Terms & Tips Definitions & Tips: Not all-inclusive but hopefully helpful. Email us your favorites; maybe we’ll include them in the next edition. Acid Reduction - Reducing the acid in juice or wine to an acceptable level. It is usually measured as tartaric acid and requires a testing apparatus and reagents. Good levels are typically in a range of 0.6 to 0.8 percent acid, depending on the wine. More technically the reading is read as grams per liter. Therefore 0.6 percent would be 6.0 g/l. Acidulation or Acidification - Raising the acid level of juice, wine or sometimes water by adding some type of acid increasing additive or blending with a higher acid juice or wine. Acidified or Acidulated Water - Water to which acid (most commonly citric acid) has been added. It is a way to reduce sugar in a juice that is too high in sugar without diluting (thus reducing) the acid level of that juice. Additives - Things added to wine to enhance quality or possibly fix some type of flaw. There are many additives for many situations and it is wise to gain at least some basic knowledge in this area. Alcohol - Obviously one of the significant components of wine. Yeast turns sugar to alcohol. Rule of thumb says for each percentage of sugar in a non-fermented juice, the alcohol will be half. For example 21% sugar should ferment out to an alcohol level of about 11.5 to 12%. -
Late Harvest
TASTING NOTES LATE HARVEST DESCRIPTION 2017 The Tokaj legend has grown and grown in its four-hundred years of history; but it was not until 1630, when the greatness of Oremus vineyard was first spoken of. Today, it is the one with greatest universal acclaim. The Tokaj region lies within the range of mountains in Northeast Hungary. Oremus winery is located at the geographical heart of this region. At harvest, bunches are picked several times a day but. Only those containing at least 50% of botrytis grapes, are later pressed, giving the noble rot a leading role. Late Harvest is an interesting coupage of different grape varieties producing an exceptionally well-balanced wine. Fermentation takes place in new Hungarian oak barrels (136- litre “Gönc” and 220-litre “Szerednye”) for 30 days and stops naturally when alcohol level reaches 12 %. Then, the wine ages in Hungarian oak for six months and sits in bottle for a 15-month ageing period. Late Harvest is a harmonious, fresh, silky wine. It is very versatile, providing a new experience in each sip. GENERAL INFORMATION Alcohol by volume - 11 % Sugar - 119 g/l Acidity - 9 g/l Variety - Furmint, Hárslevelü, Zéta and Sárgamuskotály Average age of vineyard - 20 years Vineyard surface area - 91 ha Planting density - 5,660 plants/ha Altitude - 200 m Yield - 1,300 kg/ha Harvest - 100% Hand-picked in 2-3 rounds from late September to early November 2017 VINEYARD CYCLE After the coldest January of the past decade, spring and summer brought average temperatures and precipitation in good dispersion. Mid-September rain allows the development of noble rot to spread in the vineyard, turning 2017 into one of the greatest vintages for sweet wine in the last decade. -
Chamisal Vineyards Intern Training Manual
i Chamisal Vineyards Intern Training Manual A Senior Project presented to the Faculty of the Agricultural Science California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Agricultural Science by Nicole Adam October, 2013 © 2013 Nicole Adam ii Acknowledgements Chamisal Vineyard’s assistant winemaker played a large role in the composition of the Chamisal Vineyards Harvest Intern Training Manual. Throughout my employment at Chamisal Vineyards I have learned an enormous amount about the wine industry and winemaking in general. Working with Michael Bruzus on this manual was a great experience. He is a fantastic teacher and very patient supervisor. Although Mr. Bruzus recently resigned from his position at Chamisal, he will always be a part of the Chamisal Vineyards wine cellar family. iii Table of Contents Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………. ii Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………… iii Chapter One: Introduction to Project…………………………………………….. 1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………. 1 Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………… 1 Importance of the Project…………………………………………………........ 2 Purpose of the Project…………………………………………………………. 2 Objectives of the Project……………………………………………………..... 3 Summary………………………………………………………………………. 3 Chapter Two: Review of Literature……………………………………………...... 4 Writing an Employee Training Manual……………………………………….. 4 Parts of an Employee Training Manual………………………………………... 5 OSHA Regulations…………………………………………………………….. 6 Cleaning Chemicals Commonly -
Sugar in Wine Join Us Every Friday Evening from 5Pm to 8Pm
July 2014 A WINE ENTHUSIAST’S MONTHLY JOURNEY THROUGH MONTEREY’S WINE COUNTRY COMING EVENTS Every Fridays Wine Bar A Taste of Monterey 5:00pm-8:00pm* Sugar in Wine Join us every Friday evening from 5pm to 8pm. Start your weekend off More than a Sweetener with a relaxing view, live music, great food and a Sugars occur naturally in fruits, grapes included. So, it should come as no surprise that there’s glass of Monterey’s finest. sugar in that glass of wine you’re sipping from. And, no, we’re just talking about the overly sweet taste in a ruby port-style wine. We’re talking about the presence of sugars in all wines. In fact, sugars are required in order for the fermentation process in winemaking to occur, so really they are an important part of the process. But, what about this thing you’ve heard of called the “re- sidual sugar” content of a particular wine? Does it really mean leftover sugar, as the name would imply? Yes…in a way, but we’ll come back to this topic. Store Hours Wine grapes accumulate sugars while they are on the vine during the photosynthesis process. A Taste of Monterey Cannery Row At harvest time, a grape will be composed of 15 to 25% different sugar compounds. Then, later Sun-Wed 11am-7pm during the fermentation process, the introduction of yeast breaks down and converts most of Thu-Sat 11am-8pm the sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide. Once an alcohol level *No new member tastings is reached during fermentation, the remaining sugars will effec- after 6:00pm tively kill off the yeast. -
Is Precision Viticulture Beneficial for the High-Yielding Lambrusco (Vitis
AJEV Papers in Press. Published online April 1, 2021. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture (AJEV). doi: 10.5344/ajev.2021.20060 AJEV Papers in Press are peer-reviewed, accepted articles that have not yet been published in a print issue of the journal or edited or formatted, but may be cited by DOI. The final version may contain substantive or nonsubstantive changes. 1 Research Article 2 Is Precision Viticulture Beneficial for the High-Yielding 3 Lambrusco (Vitis vinifera L.) Grapevine District? 4 Cecilia Squeri,1 Irene Diti,1 Irene Pauline Rodschinka,1 Stefano Poni,1* Paolo Dosso,2 5 Carla Scotti,3 and Matteo Gatti1 6 1Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VE.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via 7 Emilia Parmense 84 – 29122 Piacenza, Italy; 2Studio di Ingegneria Terradat, via A. Costa 17, 20037 8 Paderno Dugnano, Milano, Italy; and 3I.Ter Soc. Cooperativa, Via E. Zacconi 12. 40127, Bologna, Italy. 9 *Corresponding author ([email protected]; fax: +39523599268) 10 Acknowledgments: This work received a grant from the project FIELD-TECH - Approccio digitale e di 11 precisione per una gestione innovativa della filiera dei Lambruschi " Domanda di sostegno 5022898 - 12 PSR Emilia Romagna 2014-2020 Misura 16.02.01 Focus Area 5E. The authors also wish to thank all 13 growers who lent their vineyards, and G. Nigro (CRPV) and M. Simoni (ASTRA) for performing micro- 14 vinification analyses. 15 Manuscript submitted Sept 26, 2020, revised Dec 8, 2020, accepted Feb 16, 2021 16 This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY license 17 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). -
Growth Regulators Offer Numerous Benefits
Uc LL The growth regulator ethephon increases color of Cardinal grapes without normal light. First and third clusters from left were treated with ethephon. Two clusters on left had normal light; the other two received no light. The first experiments with gibberellic acid (GA3) on grapes were made in 1957. By the early 196Os, sprays of GA3 had replaced 4-CPA as a means of increasing berry size in Black Corinth. To produce the Zante Currants desired by the bakery trade, GA3 is sprayed from the time of 95 percent capfall until three days later. GA3 is now used on all Thompson Seedless grapes for table use. For several years vines were sprayed at 20 to 40 ppm at the fruit-set stage to increase berry size. However, some clusters were quite compact in spite of cluster and berry thinning to prevent over- cropping. Five years after the first use of GA3 on Thompson Seedless, it was noted that vines sprayed at bloom were properly thinned, Growth regulators mainly because fruit-set was reduced, so that clusters were not too compact. Soon the recommended method was to use two GA3 ap- plications, one at full bloom for thinning and increasing size, and offer numerous benefits the other at fruit-set to further increase size. Girdling is also per- Robert J. Weaver formed at fruit-set, or shortly afterwards, to further increase berry size and make the berries more uniform and more firmly attached Since the 1920s, girdling of Thompson Seedless vines has been to the cap stem. An additional spray about two weeks after fruit-set used to increase the size of the table grapes. -