DOCSLIB.ORG

Lesson 2 Daniel Flaut.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lesson 2 Daniel Flaut.Pdf Lesson 2. The barbarian migration in West and Central Europe Learning tasks: by completing this unit of study, the student will be able to: Present the situation of the Germanic tribes in the first centuries A.D.; Retain the main chronological landmarks of the great migration of the Germanic tribes (4th and 5th centuries); Reveal the important moments of The formation of the Germanic kingdoms; Identify consequences of the great migration of the Germanic tribes to Western and Central Europe. 1. The Germanic tribes in the first centuries A.D. In the first centuries A.D., the Germanic tribes occupied large regions between the Rhine, the upper and middle Danube and Vistula, and also in southern Scandinavia and the northern Black Sea. The main historical sources relating to the Germanic tribes in the first century AD are the archaeological discoveries and the work of the Roman historian Gaius Cornelius Tacitus, De Origine et situ Germanorum (circa 98 A.D.) The main occupation of the Germanic tribes was animal growing and plant cultivation. They cultivated wheat, barley, oats, rye, millet and textile plants like flax and hemp. An important role it had fishing on the coasts of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea and in rivers and ponds and also hunting. In the first centuries A.D., the Germans have made some progress in the ore extraction (copper, iron, silver) and in the development of crafts. Crafts were still attached to agriculture and were related to metalworking, woodworking, animal leather processing, textile plants processing, and ceramics. During the first centuries A.D. the Germans had a sedentary lifestyle. They lived in villages. The Germans had no towns or fairs. Between the third century and the fifth century the German tribes were divided into three branches: The Western branch: the Franks - the lower and middle Rhine; the Alemanni - the Upper Rhine; the Saxons - the North Sea, the Jutes - Daniel Flaut, Introduction in Medieval History Jutland Peninsula; the Frisians - the Netherlands; the Langobards -the lower Wesser and Elbe, The Angles - the North Sea and the Suebi - between Elbe and Oder. The Eastern branch: the Rugians, the Heruli, the Scirii - the Lower Oder; the Burgundians and the Vandals - the middle and upper reaches of the Oder; the Gepids - between the Oder and Vistula, the Goths - in the North of Black Sea. The Northern branch: the Danes and the Swedes - in southern Scandinavia. Between the third century and the fifth century, there have been several major unions Germanic tribes, like those of Alemanni, Franks, Saxons, Bavarians and Goths. Among important Germanic deities were: Wōden (West Germanic) or Odin Óðinn (North Germanic), considered the supreme god; Týr (Old Norse) or Tīw, Tīg (both Old English) who was the war god; Thor: Þórr (North Germanic) or Donar (Southern Germanic areas) who was the god of thunder and Frigg (sometimes anglicized as Frigga), goddess who protect the family. In the second half of the fourth century Arianism began to spread to the Goths and in the first half of the fifth century at the German tribes who had settled in the Western Roman Empire. In contrast, in the territory of Germany Christianity almost no penetrated. * 2. The great migration of the Germanic tribes (4th and 5th centuries ) Unlike to the incursions of the Germanic tribes into the Roman Empire from 3rd and 4th centuries, their great migration of the fifth century has resulted the penetration of the Roman fortified lines on the Rhine and on the upper Danube and the establishment of the Germanic migrators in almost all provinces of the Roman Empire. Chronologically, the migration of the Germanic tribes, from the last decades of the fourth century and the first decade of the fifth century, is as follows: 375 - the Ostrogoths were defeated by Huns; 376 - the Visigoths, defeated by Huns, moved to the south of the Danube; 377 - the Ostrogoths moved to the south of the Danube; 377-378 - takes place the Visigoths uprising against the Roman authorities. This uprising culminates with their victory at Adrianople (378), where Valens, the Roman Emperor, is killed; 380 - the Ostrogoths are seated in Pannonia as foederati of the Roman Empire. 2 Daniel Flaut, Introduction in Medieval History 382 - the Visigoths are seated in Thrace as foederati of the Roman Empire; 401 - under the leadership of Alaric I, the Visigoths penetrated into northern Italy; 403 - following the conclusion of a treaty, the Visigoths are becoming foederati of the Western Roman Empire and they received the region between Dalmatia and Pannonia; 405 -the Ostrogoths and other Germanic tribes entered in northern Italy, which for several months is devastated and robbed; 406 - the Suebi, the Vandals and the Alans crossed the Rhine and they occupied Mainz, Trier, Reims, reaching in Aquitaine; the Burgundians settled along the Rhine, in the region of the cities Worms, Speyer and Mainz; 408 - the Visigoths led by Alaric I enter again in Italy; 408-409 - the Romans buy twice the Visigoths withdrawal in Rome; 409 - the Vandals, the Suebi and the Alans cross the Pyrenees and settled in Spain; 410, August 24 - Rome was conquered and robbed for three days by the Visigoths. * 3. The formation of the Germanic kingdoms; The Fall of the Western Roman Empire The establishment of the Germanic tribes in almost all the provinces of the Roman Empire was followed from the first decades of the fifth century by the formation of the Romano-Germanic kingdoms. These consequences were either immediately, from the fifth century, or later, their effects appeared in the following centuries. Chronologically, the situation is as follows: 412 - the Visigoths enter in southern Gaul and in a few decades they occupied the southern and central of this province and Spain. During the King Euric (466-485) the Visigoth kingdom became the most powerful barbarian state from the West of Europe; 429 - the Vandals, led by the King Geiserich (Genseric) (428-477), passing Gibraltar and landed in North Africa. Until the mid-fifth century the Vandals occupy northwestern Africa and the Balearic Islands, Sardinia and Corsica, creating a strong and stretched barbarian state. Mid-fifth century- the Ripuarian Franks settled in the region of Köln; 451 - a huge army, made up of Huns and the armed contingents of the subjected tribes crossed Germany, passed the Rhine, occupied and plundered the cities of Metz, Reims and Troyes and besieged 3 Daniel Flaut, Introduction in Medieval History Orléans. Under the leadership of the Roman general Aetius, the Roman army had forced Huns to raise the siege of Orléans. Also, Aetius defeated the Huns in the bloody battle of Campus Mauriacus, the west of Troyes. 453 - After the death of Attila, the tribes union of the Huns is falling apart. 454 - broke out a revolt of the subjected tribes by the Huns: Ostrogoths, Gepids, Alans. They crushed the Huns army on Nedao River, in Pannonia; The Ostrogoths settled in Panannonia as foederati of the Western Roman Empire; 471 - The Ostrogoths settled in Moesia Inferior as foederati of the Eastern Roman Empire; Fifth century (5th -7th decades) - the Burgundians occupies Savoy and the southeastern Gaul, including the city of Lyon, creating the Burgundian kingdom; Fifth century - after the Roman withdrawal from Britain (407) the Celtic and Celtic-Roman population leads a hard battle against the tribes of the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, migrated from the northern shores of Germany and the Jutland Peninsula. In the mid- seventh century the Angles and the Saxons end broadly the conquest of Britain; 476, September 4th -the German mercenaries (Rugians, Scirians, Herulians and Turchilingi), who formed the imperial army, led by Odoacer revolted and deposed the last Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustulus. After that, Odoacer sent the imperial insignia to Constantinople, acknowledging the authority of the Eastern Roman Empire. Zeno, the Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire (474 -475; 476-491), granted him the rank of patrician. This moment marks the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and also the end of the Antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages; 481-511 - during the reign of Clovis I, from the Merovingian dynasty, the Salian Franks take possession the most parts of Gaul. Clovis I defeats Siagrius, a former Roman governor, and annexed northwestern Gaul (486). Then, Clovis I beat the Alemanni and annexed their kingdom from Alsace (496). In the Battle of Vouillé (507) Clovis I defeats the Visigoths led by King Alaric II and, except Provence and Septimania, the Frankish king occupies all the Visigothic possessions from Gaul; 489-493 -interested in creating an Ostrogoth state in Italy, Theoderic the Great, the king of the Ostrogoths, defeats Odoacer (489). Then, Theoderic besiege Odoacer at Ravenna (490-493) and forces him to share the authority over Italy. The condominium ended by removing 4 Daniel Flaut, Introduction in Medieval History Odoacer by Theodoric (493), who remained the only ruler of Italy (493–526). * 4. Consequences of the great migration of the Germanic tribes to Western and Central Europe The great migration of the Germanic tribes had consequences for both the Roman provinces, where the Germans settled, as well as for the territory of Germany, from where most of them had gone: With the coming of the Germanic tribes in the provinces of the Roman Empire began the formation process of the Neo-Latin peoples in Europe: Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French. Between the 5th century and the 9th century the romanized population from Italy, Gaul and Spain assimilated the German tribes of the Franks, Burgundians, Visigoths, Ostrogoths and Longobards. In contrast, in Britannia, where the romanization was very poor, the Anglo-Saxon tribes assimilated the Celtic-Roman population, resulting English people, of Germanic origin; Migration had hurried the formation of the natural economy.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the D
    The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Marion Woodrow Kruse, III Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Anthony Kaldellis, Advisor; Benjamin Acosta-Hughes; Nathan Rosenstein Copyright by Marion Woodrow Kruse, III 2015 ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the use of Roman historical memory from the late fifth century through the middle of the sixth century AD. The collapse of Roman government in the western Roman empire in the late fifth century inspired a crisis of identity and political messaging in the eastern Roman empire of the same period. I argue that the Romans of the eastern empire, in particular those who lived in Constantinople and worked in or around the imperial administration, responded to the challenge posed by the loss of Rome by rewriting the history of the Roman empire. The new historical narratives that arose during this period were initially concerned with Roman identity and fixated on urban space (in particular the cities of Rome and Constantinople) and Roman mythistory. By the sixth century, however, the debate over Roman history had begun to infuse all levels of Roman political discourse and became a major component of the emperor Justinian’s imperial messaging and propaganda, especially in his Novels. The imperial history proposed by the Novels was aggressivley challenged by other writers of the period, creating a clear historical and political conflict over the role and import of Roman history as a model or justification for Roman politics in the sixth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Reasons for the Fall of the Roman Empire
    Reasons for the Fall of the Roman Empire Barbarian Tribes Destroy the Roman Empire • Germanic Teutonic Tribes Exert Pressure(1st-4th centuries A.D.) Germanic tribes – primitive, warlike peoples – lived in central and eastern Europe. They were attracted to the Roman Empire by its fertile land, great wealth and advanced civilization. Early efforts to to enter the Empire were thwarted by Roman troops. Later, Rome permitted some Germanic peoples to settle within its borders and enlisted Germanic soldiers in its armies. The Huns Invade Europe (4th-5th centuries A.D.) • The Huns, savage invaders from central Asia, terrorized Europe, causing many Germanic tribes to flee into the Roman Empire. Attila the Hun Ravaged the empire until turned back by a combined Roman-Germanic force. Nevertheless, the Huns had weakened Rome militarily. The Germanic Tribes End the Roman Empire (4th and 5th centuries A.D.) Full scale German migrations into Roman territory could not be stemmed by the enfeebled Roman government. Gradually, the Germanic tribes established kingdoms within the Empire: the Visigoths in Spain, the Ostrogoths in Italy, the Vandals in North Africa, the Franks in Gaul and the Angles and Saxons in Britain. Why could the Germanic tribes crush Rome, so long the master of the Mediterranean world? The answer lies not in Germanic strength but in Roman weakness. By the fourth and fifth centuries A.D., the Roman Empire had declined because of the following internal conditions. Political • The dictatorial government was frequently inefficient and corrupt and did not command the peoples loyalty. • The vast Empire, having relatively primitive transportation and communication, could not be governed efficiently from one central city.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions
    Scholars Crossing History of Global Missions Center for Global Ministries 2009 The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions Don Fanning Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgm_hist Recommended Citation Fanning, Don, "The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions" (2009). History of Global Missions. 3. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgm_hist/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Global Ministries at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in History of Global Missions by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Middle Ages 500-1000 1 3 The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions AD 500—1000 Introduction With the endorsement of the Emperor and obligatory church membership for all Roman citizens across the empire, Roman Christianity continued to change the nature of the Church, in stead of visa versa. The humble beginnings were soon forgotten in the luxurious halls and civil power of the highest courts and assemblies of the known world. Who needs spiritual power when you can have civil power? The transition from being the persecuted to the persecutor, from the powerless to the powerful with Imperial and divine authority brought with it the inevitable seeds of corruption. Some say that Christianity won the known world in the first five centuries, but a closer look may reveal that the world had won Christianity as well, and that, in much less time. The year 476 usually marks the end of the Christian Roman Empire in the West.
    [Show full text]
  • Ostrogoths, Visigoths, and Lombards the Ostrogoths, Visigo
    Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Lombards 149 CHAPTER THREE THE SUccEssOR STATES IN THE WEST: OsTROGOTHS, VISIGOTHS, AND LOMBARDS The Ostrogoths, Visigoths and Lombards all took shape as peoples in the Roman frontier region of the middle and lower Danube. In their early years, they might also be described as Roman client or even field armies, since they were often in Roman service, large segments of these people stayed loyal to the East Roman Empire, and there was at times little to distinguish them from other field armies in the Balkans that took to arms against the central government during the 5th and 6th centuries. They should there- fore be treated together as products of the Balkans military culture, but due to their inability to find satisfactory settlement in the East, they mi- grated into the chaotic West where they finally established the indepen- dent kingdoms with which we are familiar. The survey of East Roman developments in the previous chapter will show that there was more to unite the Mediterranean than to divide it, and that patterns of military organization could change at a similar pace throughout the former Roman world. 3.1 The Ostrogoths, 493-554 Theoderic’s Ostrogothic kingdom lasted only two generations, from 493 to 554, but during its heyday, it was the most successful and thoroughly Ro- manized of all the successor states. There is a general consensus that an- cient social structures, such as a high degree of urbanization and a complex economic system, survived very well during this period. The Ostrogoths absorbed surviving Roman administrative structures and collaborated closely with the Roman senatorial class.
    [Show full text]
  • 037 690305 the Trans
    Horld ElstorY >#9 h. Eoeb Hednesday P.t{. lEE TnAtrSIfIOnAt KII{GDUSs VAI{DI,LS' HEiltLI' OSIBT0ES lfter the Roam defeat bf tbe Vlaigoths at 441b,gs tn t8, rp bart the cqo- uautng eto:y of the collapse of tbe Rccdr &pfre ps fo:nd e pag€ 134 fn t+g"r. Stlllcho rt tll3 bottm of tb3 flrst col:uor rp dlscswr tbat tbe @ercr Bcrorlu a (9*t&3) rypolntect Ure VErSgl Stlllplro es Easter of tbe troops. Eere nas a sltaratlcn rbera a Uerlgqls EA ffid ofE-tbe nttltary forceel It rns not just tbat tbs C'€ina,s ;ffi-:y lrr charge of Ee rrall alorg tbe RhJ.ne, hrt,gon me of tbeo le tn obarge of tbe Rmm arry fneiae tbp r.ratl! Itrs ltke tbe cansLto nose under tbe tmt. far see litt&e ty ltttte rbat is bappentng I Golng to colu.m tvo: trr 406 Cauf. ras ,qP.rnm by Vmdals srd other trlltBs. dgpqf:re-of fn Lgt'51o tberc vas @ lccc'ed evaoratlor € Brltafg.-the..cglete t& troq>J- dates rnay:Er@g$E- sore sdrcAsErt f thl$k tbls is tbe elgplslg dg!g- for tho purposef\r1 evasusticn of the ls1ad. lnd then ln lueust of /+oB Sbilfpl*r l€g Elgl*g at Fcrelusr cdsrt ttt€ @ere did no[ tnrEt brs rnlrrtary c@EQs r.nre Just not golng rtght fcr tie fupire. Rm Sacked I relgn llotlce next that tbe @eror Theodoslus. erperor ll th9 9eg! $o b€99 -hie i" 4OS; ;i"*ua tbe earllest' colleffilf existLne lgggr tbe-lieodoela CodE.; l&eD yan_bave a good rJ"i6W bas to 16rltlply,-fi c1assl$r -md cod,l.$ none-art none latr, "tafc"trcn tbat socLety breatcnp'0gg, due to lncreased ccrlos srd Laltless:eegt lbea people ar€ Uun"":irg tb€r'selvee teet'e ls no need for a lot of lane.
    [Show full text]
  • Violence, Christianity, and the Anglo-Saxon Charms Laurajan G
    Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 1-1-2011 Violence, Christianity, And The Anglo-Saxon Charms Laurajan G. Gallardo Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in English at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Gallardo, Laurajan G., "Violence, Christianity, And The Anglo-Saxon Charms" (2011). Masters Theses. 293. http://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/293 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. *****US Copyright Notice***** No further reproduction or distribution of this copy is permitted by electronic transmission or any other means. The user should review the copyright notice on the following scanned image(s) contained in the original work from which this electronic copy was made. Section 108: United States Copyright Law The copyright law of the United States [Title 17, United States Code] governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the reproduction is not to be used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research. If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of "fair use," that use may be liable for copyright infringement. This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law.
    [Show full text]
  • When Did the Anglo-Saxons Invade Britain?
    History When did the Anglo-Saxons invade Britain? Grammarsaurus www.grammarsaurus.co.uk 11 Anglo-Saxon Invasion In the year 350, the Anglo-Saxons tried to invade Britain. At this time, the Romans ruled Britain. The Anglo-Saxons raided the south and east shores of England. The Romans were not happy and fought back. The Anglo Saxons retreated and left. www.grammarsaurus.co.uk 21 Anglo-Saxon Invasion Around the year 410, the last Roman soldiers left Britain. They had not trained the British to defend themselves therefore Britain no longer had a strong army to defend it from the invaders. There were many battles between Anglo-Saxons and Britons and the Anglo-Saxons succeeded. More and more Anglo-Saxons arrived to take land for themselves. It is for this reason that the time of the Anglo-Saxons is usually thought of as beginning about AD 450. Georgians Pre-History Iron Age Romans Vikings Tudors Modern 43 410 790 1603 1837 1901 1714 1066 1485 AD c.700 BC c.AD c.AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD AD Anglo-Saxons Medieval Stuarts Victorians www.grammarsaurus.co.uk 31 Who were the Anglo-Saxons? The Anglo-Saxons were made up of three groups of people from Germany, Denmark and The Netherlands. The groups were named the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes. The Angles and the Saxon tribes were the largest of the three attacking tribes and so we often know them as Anglo-Saxons. They all shared the same language but were each ruled by different strong warriors.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER SEVENTEEN History of the German Language 1 Indo
    CHAPTER SEVENTEEN History of the German Language 1 Indo-European and Germanic Background Indo-European Background It has already been mentioned in this course that German and English are related languages. Two languages can be related to each other in much the same way that two people can be related to each other. If two people share a common ancestor, say their mother or their great-grandfather, then they are genetically related. Similarly, German and English are genetically related because they share a common ancestor, a language which was spoken in what is now northern Germany sometime before the Angles and the Saxons migrated to England. We do not have written records of this language, unfortunately, but we have a good idea of what it must have looked and sounded like. We have arrived at our conclusions as to what it looked and sounded like by comparing the sounds of words and morphemes in earlier written stages of English and German (and Dutch) and in modern-day English and German dialects. As a result of the comparisons we are able to reconstruct what the original language, called a proto-language, must have been like. This particular proto-language is usually referred to as Proto-West Germanic. The method of reconstruction based on comparison is called the comparative method. If faced with two languages the comparative method can tell us one of three things: 1) the two languages are related in that both are descended from a common ancestor, e.g. German and English, 2) the two are related in that one is the ancestor of the other, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Anglo Saxons: Where Did the Anglo Saxons Come from and What Was Life Like?
    St Mary’s Horsforth/Holy Name – History Knowledge Map Year 5 Anglo Saxons: Where did the Anglo Saxons come from and what was life like? What should I already know? Historical Skills and Enquiry • Explain how the Roman Vocabulary • The Stone Age was when early humans used tools withdrawal contributed to Anglo- Anglo-Saxon The Anglo-Saxons formed many regions from stone. This lasted until the Bronze Age. Saxon settlement. • The Bronze Age began when settlers arrived from • Describe what Anglo-Saxon life kingdoms each with one ruler, known as kingdoms. Europe to Britain. These settlers brought with them was like for all groups of people. archaeologist People who discover our history by looking at ways of making tools from metal (bronze). • Ask questions and find out the artefacts that have been found. • The Iron Age lasted from 800 BC till the Roman answers about the Anglo-Saxons invasion (AD 43) - this was when people used tools and Scots. churl A lower-class Anglo-Saxon but better than a made from iron. • Use more than source to find out • In AD 43, the Romans under the order of Emperor slave. what Anglo-Saxon life was like. Claudius, first invaded Britain and Roman rule lasted Compare the accuracy of these legacy Anglo-Saxons left a legacy which included until AD 410. sources. the language we speak, culture and politics. • Describe different accounts of the Many of the shires are our boundaries for Anglo-Saxon settlement from What will I know at the end of the unit? different counties today. • They came to Britain from across the perspectives, explaining some of Mercia Known today as East Anglia, Essex, Kent and North Sea in the middle of the 5th Century.
    [Show full text]
  • The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity
    The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Wilkinson, Ryan Hayes. 2015. The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467211 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity A dissertation presented by Ryan Hayes Wilkinson to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2015 © 2015 Ryan Hayes Wilkinson All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Professor Michael McCormick Ryan Hayes Wilkinson The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity Abstract In the fifth and sixth centuries CE, the Roman Empire fragmented, along with its network of political, cultural, and socio-economic connections. How did that network’s collapse reshape the social and mental horizons of communities in one part of the Roman world, now eastern France? Did new political frontiers between barbarian kingdoms redirect those communities’ external connections, and if so, how? To address these questions, this dissertation focuses on the cities of two Gallo-Roman tribal groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Of the Roman Empire
    EDITIONLAUSANNE Limited to one tbousand registered sets N0.4'7 THE DECLINEAND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE VOL. I1 THE HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE BY EDWARD GIBBON EDITED BY J. B. BURY, M.A. WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE RT. HON. W. E. H. LECKY VOL. I1 NEW YORK FRED DE FAU & COMPANY PUBLISHERS COPYRIGHT,I+, FRED DE FAU & COMPANY. CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME PACE... LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS......... xu1 CHAPTER X The Emperors Decks. Gallus. Amilianus. Valerian. and Galliersur - The General Irruption of the Barbarians - The Thirty Tyrads A.D. 248-268 The Nature of the Subject .......i The Emperor Philip .........a 249 Services.Revolt. Victory. and Reign of the Emperor Decius . a 250 He marchesagainst the Goths ......3 Origin of the Goths from Scandinavia .....4 Religion of the Goths ........5 Institutions and Death of Odin .......6 Agreeable. but uncertainHypothesis concerning Odin . 6 Emigration of the Goths fromScandinavia into Prussia . 7 -from Prussia to theUkraine ...... 8 The Gothic Nation increases in its March .... 9 Distinction of the Germans and Sarmatians ....10 Description ofUkraine the ......10 The Goths invade the Roman Provinces .....11 250 Various Events of the Gothic War ... ..12 251 Decius revives the ofice of Censor in the Person of Valerian . 14 The Design Impracticable. and without Effect ....15 Defeat and Death of Decius and his Son .....16 251 Election of Gallus .........IS 252 Retreat of the Goths ....... 18 gallus purchases Peace by the Payment of an annual Tnbut; 18 Popular Discontent .........19 253 Victory and Revolt of Ahilianus ......20 Gallus abandoned and slain .......20 Valerian revenges the Death of Gallus .....21 Is acknowledged Emperor ........21 'i Character of Valerian ....
    [Show full text]
  • Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation
    Empire of Hope and Tragedy: Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Brian Swain Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Timothy Gregory, Co-advisor Anthony Kaldellis Kristina Sessa, Co-advisor Copyright by Brian Swain 2014 Abstract This dissertation explores the intersection of political and ethnic conflict during the emperor Justinian’s wars of reconquest through the figure and texts of Jordanes, the earliest barbarian voice to survive antiquity. Jordanes was ethnically Gothic - and yet he also claimed a Roman identity. Writing from Constantinople in 551, he penned two Latin histories on the Gothic and Roman pasts respectively. Crucially, Jordanes wrote while Goths and Romans clashed in the imperial war to reclaim the Italian homeland that had been under Gothic rule since 493. That a Roman Goth wrote about Goths while Rome was at war with Goths is significant and has no analogue in the ancient record. I argue that it was precisely this conflict which prompted Jordanes’ historical inquiry. Jordanes, though, has long been considered a mere copyist, and seldom treated as an historian with ideas of his own. And the few scholars who have treated Jordanes as an original author have dampened the significance of his Gothicness by arguing that barbarian ethnicities were evanescent and subsumed by the gravity of a Roman political identity. They hold that Jordanes was simply a Roman who can tell us only about Roman things, and supported the Roman emperor in his war against the Goths.
    [Show full text]