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THE HISTORY OF PDF, EPUB, EBOOK

Clifford L Staten,Staten | 176 pages | 23 Sep 2005 | St Martin's Press | 9781403962591 | English | New York, A Brief

The Soviets and stepped…. Popular at home, the invasion was criticized almost everywhere else. Relations with China worsened at first but improved in with an exchange of state visits. He also imposed a bauxite levy. All political opposition in the country was weakened. Moreover, the Sandinistas created several organizations…. After a tour of in , the American diplomat George Kennan wrote a memo despairing that the region would ever achieve a modest degree of economic dynamism, social mobility, or liberal politics. The culture itself was, in his view, inhospitable to…. Major cities in the United States were targeted. The U. It became a founding member of OPEC in — Castro became a symbol of communist revolution in Latin America. He held the title of premier until and then began a long tenure as president of the Council of…. After his execution by the Bolivian army, he was regarded as a martyred hero by generations of leftists worldwide, and his image became an icon of leftist radicalism and anti-imperialism. The Joint Chiefs of Staff unanimously advised the new president that this force, once ashore, would spark a general uprising against the Cuban leader, . But the was a fiasco; every man…. See . The was criticized by the Chinese communists for this settlement. The Sino-Soviet split, which began in , reached the stage of public denunciations in The resulting diplomatic statement, the October , was interpreted by the American public as a call to wrest…. After his conquests were completed about , he encouraged…. Under Cubas new , the U. Under the , the U. Following political purging and a corrupt and rigged election in , the first president, Tomas Estrada Palma, faced an armed revolt by veterans of the war. As in the independence war, Afro-Cubans were overrepresented in the insurgent army of For them, the August Revolution revived hopes for a rightful share in Cubas government. On August 16, , fearing the government ready to smash the plot, former Liberation Army general Pino Guerra raised the banner of revolt. Immediately Palma arrested every Liberal politician in reach; the remainder went underground. In an effort to avert intervention Roosevelt sent two emissaries to to seek a compromise between government and opposition. Regarding such impartiality as a vote of censure on his government, Estrada Palma resigned and made his entire cabinet resign too, leaving the Republic without a government and forcing the United States to take control of the island. Roosevelt immediately proclaimed that the USA had been compelled to intervene in Cuba and that their only purpose was to create the necessary conditions for a peaceful election. In , self-government was restored when Jose Miguel Gomez was elected president, but the U. In , the Partido Independiente de Color attempted to establish a separate black republic in , but was suppressed by General Monteagudo with considerable bloodshed. production played an important role in Cuban politics and economics. In the s, during and after World War I, a shortage in the world sugar supply fueled an economic boom in Cuba, marked by prosperity and the conversion of more and more farmland to sugar cultivation. Prices peaked and then crashed in , ruining the country financially and allowing foreign investors to gain more power than they already had. This economic turbulence was called "the Dance of the Millions". In , was elected president. During his administration, increased markedly, and American-owned hotels and restaurants were built to accommodate the influx of tourists. The tourist boom led to increases in gambling and prostitution in Cuba. Machado initially enjoyed support from much of the public and from all the countrys major political parties. However, his popularity declined steadily. In he held an election which was to give him another term, this one of six years, despite his promise to serve only for one term. The Wall Street Crash of led to precipitous drops in the price of sugar, political unrest, and repression. Protesting students, known as the Generation of , and a clandestine terrorist organization known as the ABC, turned to violence in opposition to the increasingly unpopular Machado. US ambassador arrived in May and began a diplomatic campaign which involved "mediation" with opposition groups in including the ABC. This campaign significantly weakened Machados government and, backed with the threat of military intervention, set the stage for a regime change. A general strike in which the Communist Party sided with Machado, uprisings among sugar workers, and an army revolt forced Machado into exile in August Archived from the original on 9 October Retrieved 24 September Cuban Insurrection New York Times. Hart 6 March Retrieved 27 March Archived from the original on 27 September Aggression Against the Republic of Cuba". Archived from the original on 1 July Archived from the original on 2 April Archived from the original on 10 March Retrieved 5 October Archived from the original on 2 January Retrieved 4 January Archived from the original on 17 January Political Chronology of the Americas. Europa Publications. Clifford L. Staten History of Cuba. Palgrave Macmillan. Years in Cuba —present. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Polski Edit links. arrives in Cuba and claims the island for . Spanish set out from . The conquest of Cuba begins. Indigenous Cuban resistance leader is burned at the stake. Emperor Charles V authorizes 4, gold pesos for the construction of mills. . The Spanish crown abandons the colonial land settlement system. The Governor of Cuba relocates to Havana. Construction of the fortress is completed above the eastern entrance to . An epidemic of yellow fever kills a third of the island's European population. He serves for ten years. The is founded. His troops withdraw after being decimated by fevers and attacked by local guerrillas. Construction of is completed. Battle of Havana. Skirmishes between British and Spanish fleets and the people in Havana harbor. An English expedition leaves Portsmouth to attack Havana. British troops occupy Havana during the Seven Years' War. British troops suffer atrocious losses to fever. They cede Cuba to Spain in the Treaty of . Some 30, white refugees from a slave rebellion in Saint-Domingue , which becomes the , arrive in Cuba. Salvador de Muro y Salazar becomes Governor of Cuba — Settlers from Bordeaux and found the first European settlement at . Known as the Year of the Lash , when an uprising of black slaves was brutally suppressed. The first war of Cuban independence, also known as the Ten Years' War , begins. It lasts until It is quelled by superior Spanish forces in the autumn of Cuban rebels led by Antonio Maceo and Maximo Gomez execute a successful invasion along the length of the island. Maceo is killed by Spanish forces in December. Calixto Garcia takes a series of strategic fort complexes in the East, leaving the Spanish confined to coastal cities there. The between Spain and the U. History of Cuba - Nations Online Project Some 30, white refugees from a slave rebellion in Saint-Domingue , which becomes the Haitian revolution , arrive in Cuba. Salvador de Muro y Salazar becomes Governor of Cuba — Settlers from Bordeaux and Louisiana found the first European settlement at Cienfuegos. Known as the Year of the Lash , when an uprising of black slaves was brutally suppressed. The first war of Cuban independence, also known as the Ten Years' War , begins. It lasts until It is quelled by superior Spanish forces in the autumn of Cuban rebels led by Antonio Maceo and Maximo Gomez execute a successful invasion along the length of the island. Maceo is killed by Spanish forces in December. Calixto Garcia takes a series of strategic fort complexes in the East, leaving the Spanish confined to coastal cities there. The Treaty of Paris between Spain and the U. Spain relinquishes sovereignty over Cuba. becomes U. Provisional Governor of Cuba. The U. Platt Amendment stipulates the conditions for the withdrawal of U. The Constitutional Convention adopts the Constitution in its final form, including the provisions of the Platt Amendment. The Cuban Republic is established under the Constitution. Charles Magoon becomes Provisional Governor of Cuba. Cuba enters World War I on the side of the Allies. Alfredo Zayas becomes president. By the Hay-Quesada Treaty , the U. They are defeated by 14 August in military operations that include the first use of military aviation in Cuba. Ambassador Sumner Welles. A group of military officers that includes launches the Sergeants' Revolt and topples the provisional government. The five-day, five-man coalition government called the Pentarchy of lasted through Sept. Enlisted men and sergeants loyal to Batista, joined by radical elements, force Army Officers from the Hotel Nacional in heavy fighting. They are defeated by Batista loyalists. ABC holds a demonstration at the Havana festival and its march is attacked by radical forces, including those of Antonio Guiteras. Leading radical Antonio Guiteras is betrayed and dies fighting Batista forces. The Constitution , signed by the members of the Constitutional Assembly on 1 July, takes effect. It is suspended in Cuba declares war on Japan, Germany, and Italy. The Soviet Union opens an embassy in Havana. Its first ambassador is Andrei Gromyko. Some revolutionaries under the command of Fidel Castro launch an attack on the in Santiago de Cuba. On trial for his role in the attack on the Moncada barracks, Fidel Castro defends himself with a speech later published as " ". Autentico Assault on Goicuria Barracks in fails. The lands in Oriente Province. Castro's guerrillas score their first success by sacking an army outpost on the south coast, and start gaining followers in both Cuba and abroad. University students mount an attack on the Presidential Palace in Havana. Batista forewarned. Attackers mostly killed, others flee and are betrayed. Castro's 26 July movement, reinforced by militia led by Frank Pais, overwhelm an army post in El Uvero. Batista sends an army of 10, into the to destroy Castro's armed guerrillas and their supporters. By August, the rebels had defeated the army's advance and captured a huge amount of weaponry. Thirty key positions at Guisa are taken. In the following month most cities in Oriente fall to rebel hands. Guevara, , and forces of the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil , an organization of university students, attack Santa Clara. leads revolutionary guerrillas to victory in Yaguajay; enters Santiago. President Batista resigns and flees the country. Fidel Castro's column enters Santiago de Cuba. Raul Castro starts mass executions of captured military. Various urban rebels, mainly associated with Directorio, seize Havana. Guevara and Camilo Cienfuegos arrive in Havana. Manuel Urrutia named . Fidel Castro arrives at Havana, speaks to crowds at Camp Columbia. Fidel Castro becomes Premier of Cuba. is present at a series of meetings with Castro brothers, Guevara and Valdes at Cojimar. The Cuban government enacts the Agrarian Reform Law which limits land 1, acres 4. He is presumed dead. Trial of revolutionary Huber Matos begins. Matos is found guilty of "treason and sedition". Secretary of State Lester Mallory outlines objectives of embargo in a memo: " All U. The scheme continues until U. Bay of Pigs invasion. Nikita Khrushchev writes to John F. Kennedy to end U. Cuba expelled from the Organization of American States. At a news conference, U. President John F. Kennedy tells reporters: "I'm not for invading Cuba at this time President Kennedy is informed that the 29 August U-2 mission confirms the presence of surface-to-air missile batteries in Cuba. Cuban Missile Crisis President Kennedy addresses the nation on television, announcing a blockade on arms shipments to Cuba. Khrushchev agrees to remove offensive weapons from Cuba and the U. OAS enforce embargo against Cuba. Fidel announces Cubans can emigrate, which launches the Camarioca boatlift and airlift. executed in La Higuera , Bolivia. Maternity leave bill introduced by the Cuban government. The Soviet Union engages in a massive airlift of Cuban forces into . It is regarded as a victory for Cuban forces. A referendum endorses the Constitution , which institutionalizes the principles of the . It takes effect of 24 February. Fidel Castro becomes President of Cuba. Political and administrative division divides Cuba into fourteen provinces, municipalities and the special municipality of . As the Castro regime expropriated U. Following the imposition of a U. In the s, the U. A Continuing Cuban-U. : The collapse of in the early s had a profound effect on Cuba. Soviet economic subsidies to Cuba ended as of January 1, Without Soviet support, Cuba was submerged in a major economic crisis. The gross national product contracted by as much as one-half between and , exports fell by 79 percent and imports by 75 percent, the budget deficit tripled, and the standard of living of the population declined sharply. Yet the regime continued to cling to an outdated Marxist and caudillista dictatorial system, refusing to open the political process or the economy. The traditional Cold War hostility between Cuba and the United States continued unabated during the s, and illegal Cuban immigration to the United States and violations in Cuba remained sensitive issues. As the post-Soviet Cuban economy imploded for lack of once- generous Soviet subsidies, illegal emigration became a growing problem. The balsero crisis named after the makeshift rafts or other unseaworthy vessels used by thousands of Cubans constituted the most significant wave of Cuban illegal emigrants since the of , when , left the island. A Cuban-U. In the U. Congress passed the so-called Helms—Burton law, introducing tougher rules for U. The most controversial part of this law, which led to international condemnation of U. The U. Instead, the Bush administration sought to increase pressure on the Castro regime through increased support for domestic dissidents and new efforts to broadcast pro-U. Several incidents in —1 involving Cuban spies also underscored the continuing Cuban-U. In addition, in early the Bush administration began to make a concerted effort to isolate Cuba from traditionally sympathetic Latin American countries such as , but Cuba has continued to have diplomatic and trade relations with Latin America. Although the successful visit to Havana in May by former U. In January , he canceled immigration talks with Havana that had been held biannually for a decade. Cuba responded by cultivating closer relations with China and . Internal Political Developments: A crack opened in the Cuban system in May , when a petition with 11, signatures— part of an unusual dissident initiative known as the —was submitted to the National Assembly of Popular Power hereafter, National Assembly. Under the campaign, unspecified indiscipline-related charges were brought against a member of the Cuban Communist Party and its Political Bureau, resulting in his dismissal from these positions in April History Text Source: Library of Congress. One World - Nations Online. Nations Online Project is made to improve cross-cultural understanding and global awareness. Cuban History - Facts about Cuba

Archived from the original on 28 January Cuban communism. New Brunswick, N. Cuba; the Pursuit of Freedom. , . Florence Morning News. Retrieved 25 January Victoria Advocate. Retrieved 5 May That event caught the young Bretos on a Sunday outing to mass at the cathedral with his Aunt Nena. He remembers the scene vividly: the staccato gun fire, the military fighter that roared by, the news that all the rebels had been killed, the photographs of the colonel in charge who smiled proudly over the corpses and of a prisoner being shot in cold blood, the latter image published in the Spanish edition of Life. Latin American History. Archived from the original on 5 April Retrieved 24 December The yacht, designed for only 12 passengers and supposedly with a maximum capacity of 25, also had to carry fuel for a week as well as food and weapons for the soldiers. La Ventana. Archived from the original on 17 May Retrieved 14 June Monthly Review Press. Cuba and the United States. Aficionado. May Archived from the original on 23 September Retrieved 28 August Marines at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Archived from the original on 25 October . Archived from the original on 9 June Retrieved 11 March Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 November Park City Daily News. Archived from the original on 12 September Archived from the original on 18 March Cuba — Archived from the original on 29 October Retrieved 26 June Spartacus Educational. Retrieved 3 December Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington and Africa, — University of North Carolina Press. Archived from the original on 20 February Dissident Voice. Archived from the original on 27 October Archived from the original on 17 December Retrieved 18 December Archived from the original on 4 June Retrieved 6 July Archived from the original on 3 May Retrieved 9 March The Economist. Archived from the original on 24 May Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 18 November Cuba's Revolutionary World. Press. New York: Pathfinder, Rutgers University Press, Archived from the original on 22 September Retrieved 3 November Electronic Gaming Monthly November : Hardcore Gaming Archived from the original on 30 October Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on 25 January The Observer. Archived from the original on 5 September GMT Games. Archived from the original on 13 August Retrieved 9 April Brown, Gates; Tucker, Spencer C. In Tucker, Spencer C. Ignacio Ramonet ed. Fidel Castro: My Life. Translated by Andrew Hurley. Penguin Books. Cuba: Mito y Realidad: Testimonios de un Pueblo. Miami: Saeta Ediciones. William Morrow. Ocean Front. Cuba in Revolution: Escape from a Lost Paradise. Dagger in the heart: American policy failures in Cuba. New York: Twin Circle. Cuba: The Pursuit of Freedom. New York: Da Capo Press. Cuba topics. Governance Security Economy. Cuba—United States relations. National Revolutionary Police Force. Society Culture. Demographics People. Architects Artists Athletes baseball players Painters abstract Writers women. Fidel Castro. Che Guevara. Vida del Che. Macaulay Jr. Radio Rebelde. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. Thousands of dissidents arrested and murdered by Batista's government; unknown number of people executed by the Rebel Army [5] [6] [7] [8]. Cold War: The collapse of communism in the early s had a profound effect on Cuba. Soviet economic subsidies to Cuba ended as of January 1, Without Soviet support, Cuba was submerged in a major economic crisis. The gross national product contracted by as much as one-half between and , exports fell by 79 percent and imports by 75 percent, the budget deficit tripled, and the standard of living of the population declined sharply. Yet the regime continued to cling to an outdated Marxist and caudillista dictatorial system, refusing to open the political process or the economy. The traditional Cold War hostility between Cuba and the United States continued unabated during the s, and illegal Cuban immigration to the United States and human rights violations in Cuba remained sensitive issues. As the post-Soviet Cuban economy imploded for lack of once- generous Soviet subsidies, illegal emigration became a growing problem. The balsero crisis named after the makeshift rafts or other unseaworthy vessels used by thousands of Cubans constituted the most significant wave of Cuban illegal emigrants since the Mariel Boatlift of , when , left the island. A Cuban-U. In the U. Congress passed the so-called Helms—Burton law, introducing tougher rules for U. The most controversial part of this law, which led to international condemnation of U. The U. Instead, the Bush administration sought to increase pressure on the Castro regime through increased support for domestic dissidents and new efforts to broadcast pro-U. Several incidents in —1 involving Cuban spies also underscored the continuing Cuban-U. In addition, in early the Bush administration began to make a concerted effort to isolate Cuba from traditionally sympathetic Latin American countries such as Mexico , but Cuba has continued to have diplomatic and trade relations with Latin America. Although the successful visit to Havana in May by former U. In January , he canceled immigration talks with Havana that had been held biannually for a decade. Cubans had long resented the failure to reform rule by captains general, to grant some autonomy, and to ease the economic…. Cuba achieved formal independence from the United States in but remained a fief of its northern neighbour until the Platt Amendment was abrogated…. The OAS then supported U. John F. Kennedy in the against the shipment of Soviet missiles to Cuba. In the face of Cuban attempts to subvert neighbouring countries,…. Because the embargo on trade with Cuba was codified in U. At the beginning of his administration, he had hoped to restart relations, but that initiative had been undermined by the…. The invasion was financed and directed by the U. The invasion was repulsed at the Bay of Pigs, embarrassing the administration and worsening relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. These deteriorated further at a private meeting between Kennedy and…. Initially, McKinley hoped to avoid American involvement, but in February two events stiffened his resolve to confront the Spanish. First, a letter written by the Spanish minister to Washington, Enrique Dupuy de…. The Soviets and Cubans stepped…. Popular at home, the invasion was criticized almost everywhere else. Relations with China worsened at first but improved in with an exchange of state visits. He also imposed a bauxite levy. All political opposition in the country was weakened. Moreover, the Sandinistas created several organizations…. After a tour of Latin America in , the American diplomat George Kennan wrote a memo despairing that the region would ever achieve a modest degree of economic dynamism, social mobility, or liberal politics. The culture itself was, in his view, inhospitable to….

Cuban Revolution - Wikipedia

After the United States defeated the Spanish in the Spanish-American War of , they took charge of the island and ceded control to a Cuban government in , with numerous conditions that continued a long history of close ties between the two countries. Many of these benefited the United States, including allowing the US military the right to intervene in Cuban affairs. Cuba soon held elections and was declared independent, though Guantanamo remained—and still remains—leased to the United States. The country had strong trade ties to the US, and several Cuban cities, especially Havana and , became popular vacation destinations for Americans. From the beginning of Cuba's independence, there was unrest among the people and a number of revolts that culminated in the mutiny bringing Fulgencio Batista to power, serving as the country's leader from to Heading another coup, he seized power again in Although there were economic advances during Batista's time in power, there was also great corruption, and the young attorney Fidel Castro began filing court papers to have Batista removed. He led a raid against a barracks near Santiago de Cuba , was arrested, subsequently released, and met the young physician Ernesto "Che" Guevara while in exile in Mexico. Together, the two revolutionaries and 80 fighters sailed the Granma yacht to Cuba in , beginning the Cuban Revolution that would eventually see a communist Castro become the country's leader in Castro ultimately took charge of Cuba, and Guevara, who was killed in Bolivia in , is regarded as a hero of the revolution. On April 20, , the Castro regime announces that all Cubans wishing to emigrate to the U. The first of , Cuban refugees from Mariel reached Florida the next day. The boatlift While the Puerto Rican team was made up of major league All-Stars, the Cuban team was largely unknown to the world. beat Cuba that Eisenhower closes the American embassy in Havana and severs diplomatic relations. The action signaled that the United States was prepared to take Just six days after the fall of the Fulgencio Batista dictatorship in Cuba, U. Despite fears that Fidel Castro, whose rebel army helped to overthrow Batista, might have communist leanings, the U. The attack was an utter failure. Fidel Castro had been a concern to U. The visit was marked by tensions between Castro and the American government. Thus, on December 5, he turned back southeastward to search for the fabled city…. In addition to importing formal and decorative aspects of European architecture, the ecclesiastical architecture of the also borrowed European construction methods, specifically adopting a phased approach to building that often spanned decades or even centuries. The intendente system…. The independence movement in Cuba, which, along with Puerto Rico, was the last possession of Spain in America, posed the worst problem for Spain in the period — Cubans had long resented the failure to reform rule by captains general, to grant some autonomy, and to ease the economic…. Cuba achieved formal independence from the United States in but remained a fief of its northern neighbour until the Platt Amendment was abrogated…. The OAS then supported U. John F. Kennedy in the quarantine against the shipment of Soviet missiles to Cuba. In the face of Cuban attempts to subvert neighbouring countries,…. Because the embargo on trade with Cuba was codified in U. At the beginning of his administration, he had hoped to restart relations, but that initiative had been undermined by the…. The invasion was financed and directed by the U. The invasion was repulsed at the Bay of Pigs, embarrassing the administration and worsening relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. These deteriorated further at a private meeting between Kennedy and…. Initially, McKinley hoped to avoid American involvement, but in February two events stiffened his resolve to confront the Spanish. First, a letter written by the Spanish minister to Washington, Enrique Dupuy de…. The Soviets and Cubans stepped…. Popular at home, the invasion was criticized almost everywhere else. Relations with China worsened at first but improved in with an exchange of state visits. He also imposed a bauxite levy. https://uploads.strikinglycdn.com/files/4333da73-66ad-4dbe-a1f9-cdb794493c01/imitat-zitat-plagiat-und-original-in-literatur-und-kultur-der- fruhen-neuzeit-146.pdf https://static.s123-cdn-static.com/uploads/4644752/normal_60201b25f31f0.pdf https://files8.webydo.com/9588174/UploadedFiles/CFDA6212-025B-9978-77E1-891718A2C1C8.pdf https://files8.webydo.com/9585682/UploadedFiles/86AE2458-674C-80BE-6901-0FF3DC84D464.pdf