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Florida Butterfly Gardening

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Florida Butterfly Gardening Florida-Friendly • UFFi0RioA Landscaping™,ROGRAM ~It IFAS Extension How to Attract Butterflies to your South Florida Garden Stephen H. Brown, Lee County Horticulture Agent [email protected] Gayle Edwards, Lee County Master Gardener Introduction Attracting butterflies into your yard by incorporating specific plants into your landscape will benefit nature and bring you hours of pleasure. Not all flowers are attractive to butterflies, nor can their larvae eat the leaves of just any plant. The flowers of Florida native plants are often not as showy as some of the exotic plants sold to attract butterflies, but many of our native plants are rich in nectar and are preferred by many species of butterflies. To establish a successful butterfly garden you should consider several factors including site lo- cation, plant selection, and the availability of water. Site Location Most butterflies are short-lived so they are very busy nectaring, looking for mates, and laying eggs to produce the next generation. Most prefer open, sunny locations, but Florida’s official state butterfly, the zebra longwing, is often seen flying in shady locations. Plant Selection Many butterfly gardening books for Florida recommend plants that are more suited for North or Central Florida, but many of those plants do not fare well in South Florida. To create a success- ful butterfly garden, be sure to only purchase plants suited for your area. Butterflies in a dry inland area are often different than butterflies in coastal locations or wet sites. These differences in locations should influence your plant selection. In addition, soil type, and plant sensitivity to summer heat, rain and humidity, and to cool winter temperatures should affect plant selection. Larval Plants Larval plants are those the female butterflies use to deposit their eggs. These plants are typically very specific to each species of butterfly so it is important to know which butterflies are in your neighborhood, and then plant accordingly. Larval plants are food for caterpillars and are often heavily damaged by the feeding of caterpillars. Larval host plants may be trees, shrubs, vines, herbaceous species, and groundcovers, and some double as nectar sources. Nectar Plants Butterflies feed from nectar, water and even liquids from some of the fruits we eat. To drink from the nectar, a butterfly has a long slender tube coiled under its head known as a ‘proboscis’. Each species of butterflies has a nectar plant that is preferred but many butterflies will drink from a wide variety of nectar sources. In other words, nectar plants are not as specific as larval host plants. 2 Cover Plants When caterpillars are ready to pupate, they usually leave their host plant and attach their chrysalis to a nearby tree, shrub, or vine. Butterflies use cover plants to roost at night, hide from predators, and to shelter from foul weather. Cover plants need not differ from larval and nectar plants and can be a combination of both types of plants. Water Caterpillars sole diet are leaves and sometimes stems of plants. It is the butterflies that seek wa- ter. Butterflies cannot drink from a direct water source such as a river, birdbath or saucer of wa- ter. Most of their liquid requirements are met by nectar and dew but some do obtain water by “sipping” or “pebbling” from wet sand or mud. An easy way to supply water for butterflies is to place rocks in a birdbath, or fill a birdbath with sand. Click on the blue highlighted word or phrase to be taken to the picture or information described. Tables The native Florida plants listed in these tables are a fraction of the many native plants that pro- vide food and shelter to many butterflies and skippers. Table 1. Florida native trees used as larval food. Table 2. Florida native shrubs used as larval food. Table 3. Florida native vines used as larval food. Table 4. Florida native wildflowers and weeds used as larval food. Table 5. Florida native plants used as larval plants. Butterfly Pictures Black Swallowtail Malachite Buckeye (Common) Monarch Cassius Blue Phaon Crescent Ceraunus Blue Polydamas Swallowtail Cloudless Sulphur Queen Dainty Sulphur Ruddy Daggerwing Giant Swallowtail Soldier Gray Ministreak Viceroy Great Southern White White Peacock Gulf Fritillary Zebra Longwing Julia Skipper Pictures Dorantes Longtail Longtailed Skipper Mangrove Skipper References Butterfly Links Butterfly Gardening Podcast 3 Table 1. Florida native trees used as larval food. Common Names Botanical Names Butterflies Black Mangrove Avicennia germinans Mangrove Buckeye Blackbead Pithecellobium keyense Large Orange Sulphur Cat’s Claw Pithecellobium unguis-cati Large Orange Sulphur Hercules Club Zanthoxylum clava-hercules Giant Swallowtail Limber Caper Capparis flexuosa Florida White Red Mangrove Rhizophora mangle Mangrove Skipper Strangler Fig Ficus aurea Ruddy Daggerwing Torchwood Amyris elemifera Giant Swallowtail Wild Lime Zanthoxylum fagara Giant Swallowtail Wild Tamarind Lysiloma latisiliquum Cassius Blue, Large Orange Sulphur Willow Salix caroliniana Viceroy Table 2. Florida native shrubs used as larval food. Common Names Botanical Names Butterflies Bahama Senna Senna mexicana Cloudless Sulphur, Orange- var. chapmanii Barred Sulphur, Sleepy Orange Carolina Aster Ampelaster carolinianus Pearl Crescent Coontie Zamia pumila Atala Doctorbush Plumbago zeylanica Cassius Blue Netted Pawpaw Asimina reticulata Zebra Swallowtail Privet Senna Senna ligustrina Cloudless Sulphur, Orange- Barred Sulphur, Sleepy Orange Water Hemlock Cicuta maculata Eastern Black Swallowtail Return to page 2 4 Table 3. Florida native vines used as larval food. Common Names Botanical Names Butterflies Corkystem Passionflower Passiflora suberosa Variegated Fritillary, Gulf Frit- illary, Julia, Zebra Heliconian, Zebra longwing Maypop Passiflora incarnata Gulf Fritillary, Julia, Zebra Longwing White Vine Sarcostemma clausum Queen, Soldier, Monarch Table 4. Florida native wildflowers and weeds used as larval food. Common Names Botanical Names Butterflies Alligator Flag Thalia geniculata Brazilian Skipper Beggarweeds Desmodium sp. Gray Hairstreak, Dorantes Longtail Skipper Creeping Charlie (Fog Phyla nodiflora Common Buckeye, Cuban Crescent, Fruit) False Nettle Boehmeria cylindrica Red Admiral Green Shrimp Plant Ruellia blechum Malachite Partridge Pea Chamaecrista fasciculata Ceraunus Blue, Gray Hairstreak, Cloudless Sulphur, Little Sulphur Pencil Flower Stylosanthes hamata Barred Yellow Peppergrass Lepidium virginicum Checkered White, Great Southern White Purple Thistle Cirsium horridulum Little Metalamark, Painted Lady Saltwort Batis maritima Great Southern White Sixangle Foldwing Dicliptera sexangularis Cuban Crescent Spanish Needle Bidens alba Dainty Sulphur Twinflower Dyschoriste oblongifolia Common Buckeye, Little Sulphur Water Dropwort Tiedemannia filiformis Eastern Black Swallowtail Water Hyssop Bacopa monnieri White Peacock Wild Petunia Ruellia caroliniensis Common Buckeye, Malachite Return to page 2 5 Table 5. Florida native plants used as nectar plants. Common Names Botanical Names Beach Verbena Glandularia maritima Black-Eyed Susan Rubeckia hirta Bloodberry Cordia globosa Blue Porterweed Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Bushy Aster Symphyotrichum dumosum Coral Honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens Dotted Horsemint Monarda punctata Dune/Beach Sunflower Helianthus debilis False Dragonhead Physostegia purpurea Fiddlewood Citharexylum spinosum Firebush Hamelia patens var. patens Gaillardia Gaillardia pulchella Ironweed Vernonia blodgettii Leavenworth’s Tickseed Coreopsis leavenworthii Mist Flower Conoclinium coelestinum Necklace Pod Sophora tomentosa Skyblue Clustervine Jacquemontia pentanthos Scorpion Tail Heliotropium angiospermum Sea Oxeye Daisy Borrichia frutescens Seaside Goldenrod Solidago sempervirens Silk Grass Pityopsis graminifolia Tropical Sage Salvia coccinea Wild Coffee Psychotria spp. Wild Sage Lantana involucrata Yellowtop Flaveria linearis Return to page 2 6 Butterflies Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes) \[/ Gayle Edwards Gayle Edwards Buckeye (Junonia coenia) On Spanish needle, Bidens alba. Trudi Return to page 2 7 Cassius Blue (Cassius leptotes) Gayle Edwards On necklace pod, Sophora tomentosa. Gayle Edwards Ceraunus Blue (Hemiargus ceraunus) Gayle Edwards Return to page 2 8 Cloudless Sulphur (Phoebis sennae) On blue mistflower, Conoclinium coelestinum, On firebush, Hamelia patens var. patens. S. H. Brown S. H. Brown Dainty Sulphur (Nathalis iole) On Spanish needle, Bidens alba. S.H. Brown S.H. Brown Great Southern White (Ascia monuste) Carol McDonald S. H. Brown Return to page 2 9 Gulf Fritillary (Agraulis vanillae) Newly emerged gulf fritillary and On slender grayfeather, On slender grayfeather, chrysalis. Gayle Edwards Liatris gracilis. S. H. Brown L. gracilis. S. H. Brown Two gulf fritillaries mating. Gayle Edwards On Zinnia, Zinnia sp. S. H. Brown Gray Ministreak (Ministrymon azia) Julia (Dryas julia) Gayle Edwards Gayle Edwards Return to page 2 10 Monarch (Danaus plexippus) On golden dewdrop, Duranta repens. Gayle Edwards On Mexican flame vine, Senecio confuses. Gayle Edwards On beach verbena, Glandularia maritima. Gayle Edwards Return to page 2 11 Malachite (Siproeta stelenes) On grass. Gayle Edwards. Gayle Edwards Phaon Crescent (Phyciodes phaon) On creeping Charlie, Phyla nodiflora. Gayle Edwards Return to page 2 12 Polydamas Swallowtail (Battus polydamas) Newly emerging on Dutchman’s pipe, On nettleleaf vervain, Stachytarpheta cayennensis. Aristolochia grandiflora. Gayle Edwards S. H. Brown Queen
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