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Oysters Independent Review of the Relationship Between Healthy Oysters and Healthy Rivers

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Oysters Independent Review of the Relationship Between Healthy Oysters and Healthy Rivers FINAL Report Oysters Independent Review of the Relationship between Healthy Oysters and Healthy Rivers 1 March 2003 FINAL REPORT - HRC Review of the Relationship between Healthy Oysters and Healthy Rivers Healthy Rivers Commission – Inquiries and Status Inquiry Completion Date Status Williams River December 1996 Statement of Intent June 1998 Hawkesbury August 1998 Statement of Intent March 2001 Nepean River Shoalhaven River July 1999 Statement of Intent May 2001 Clarence River November 1999 Statement of Intent March 2002 Strategic Coastal April 2000 Statement of Intent November 2002 Rivers Bega River May 2000 Statement of Intent November 2002 Georges River / September 2001 Statement of Intent November 2002 Botany Bay Coastal Lakes April 2002 Government decisions to be announced Hunter River May 2002 With Government awaiting decision North Coast Rivers March 2003 With Government awaiting decision Addendum: Following the March 2003 election, the names and responsibilities of a number of NSW agencies have changed. The Government Statement of Intent, to be issued in response to this Final Report, will reflect the new administrative arrangements. FINAL REPORT - HRC Review of the Relationship between Healthy Oysters and Healthy Rivers Preface The oyster industry is important to New South Wales from social, economic and environmental perspectives. Oyster growing occurs in 30 estuaries, and is one of the state’s most valuable agricultural enterprises per hectare. Oysters have also been referred to as the ‘canary of the estuary’ as a decline in their health presents an early warning sign of river health problems. The hepatitis A outbreak in early 1997, which resulted from people eating contaminated oysters grown in Wallis Lake, highlighted the susceptibility of oyster cultivation to river health problems. The NSW Government has requested that the Healthy Rivers Commission review the relationship between river health and the cultivation of oysters that are safe for human consumption. Many of the Commission’s recommendations in previous river and lake specific Inquiries have been made in recognition that they would create conditions conducive to improved oyster cultivation, and the NSW Government has initiated two key programs relating to the oyster industry. The Commission is, however, convinced that there are a few critical gaps to be filled to create a comprehensive strategy for safe oyster cultivation. This Final Report contains five recommendations that the Commission considers are essential to the maintenance of healthy oyster growing catchments. These recommendations relate to all waterways where oyster cultivation for human consumption occurs or might be expected to occur in the future. The recommendations have been informed by submissions received to earlier Inquiries by the Commission, a report prepared by Professor Ian White for the Commission, an oysters workshop, submissions on the Draft Report and other available information. Submissions on the Draft Report were received from individuals, community groups, oyster growers, local councils, and state and Commonwealth agencies. Many comments were received about the continuing pressures facing the oyster industry related to declining river health. All submissions were supportive of the general approach recommended by the Commission, with many proposing enhancements for the Final Report. I thank everyone who has been involved in this review, and encourage citizens to seek early Government decisions and actions in response to this review. I look forward to auditing the responses two years following the announcement of decisions. Peter J Crawford Commissioner FINAL REPORT - HRC Review of the Relationship between Healthy Oysters and Healthy Rivers FINAL REPORT - HRC Review of the Relationship between Healthy Oysters and Healthy Rivers Contents 1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Healthy Rivers Commission and Oysters................................................................................. 1 1.2 Views from Submissions.................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Wallis Lake Incident......................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Independent Expert Advice.............................................................................................................. 3 1.5 Oysters Workshop ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.6 Next Steps ....................................................................................................................................... 4 2 Oysters and River Health.................................................................................................................... 5 3 The Oyster Industry............................................................................................................................. 7 4 Current Initiatives by the NSW Government..................................................................................... 9 4.1 NSW Shellfish Program ................................................................................................................... 9 4.2 SEPP62 – Sustainable Aquaculture .............................................................................................. 10 4.3 Statements of Intent related to Healthy Rivers Commission Inquiries .......................................... 10 5 The Way Forward............................................................................................................................... 12 5.1 Oyster Growing as a Priority Intended Outcome ........................................................................... 12 5.2 Management of Land and Water ................................................................................................... 14 5.3 Cost Sharing and Implementation of Decisions and Actions......................................................... 16 5.4 Viability of the Oyster Industry....................................................................................................... 19 6 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 20 7 References ......................................................................................................................................... 23 Appendix 1: Consultations ...................................................................................................................... 25 Appendix 2: Safeguarding Environmental Conditions for Oyster Cultivation in NSW ............................ 27 FINAL REPORT - HRC Review of the Relationship between Healthy Oysters and Healthy Rivers FINAL REPORT - HRC Review of the Relationship between Healthy Oysters and Healthy Rivers 1 Introduction 1.1 The Healthy Rivers Commission and Oysters Oysters are critical indicators of river health because they are filter feeders, extracting phytoplankton, bacteria, suspended solids and inorganic particles from the surrounding water as their food source (SafeFood NSW 2001). Oysters have been referred to as the ‘canary of the estuary’1 as a decline in their health presents an early warning sign of river health problems. As requested by the NSW Government, the Healthy Rivers Commission has undertaken a number of Inquiries into specific river and lake systems over the past eight years. A list of public Inquiries undertaken by the Commission and their status is presented on the inside cover page of this Report. The NSW Government also requested that the Commission review the specific relationship between river health objectives (including water quality specifically) and the cultivation of oysters that are safe for human consumption. In undertaking this review, the Commission has made recommendations as to how desirable objectives for river health should be achieved. In response to some submission makers who questioned the undertaking of a specific review relating to oyster cultivation and river health, it is emphasised that Government initiated this review because of the relationship between a healthy, valuable oyster industry and river health. It is noted that oyster growing for human consumption does not occur in all waterways, but, where it is undertaken, the health and safety of the oysters provides one valuable indicator of river health. In past Inquiries, many of the Commission’s recommendations for improving river health generally, and NSW Government decisions, have been made in recognition that they would also create conditions conducive to improved oyster cultivation for human consumption. For example, implementation of previous recommendations relating to improved sewage, coastal floodplain and riparian management would directly benefit oyster cultivation for human consumption. Additionally, the NSW Government has endorsed, in response to the Coastal Lakes Inquiry (HRC 2002a), the recommendation for specified lakes2 that minimization of risks to safe oyster production should be an explicit intended outcome of planning and management decisions and actions. Some submissions stressed the importance of implementing Government decisions in response to past Inquiries, to ensure river health, and correspondingly oyster health, are
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