mar-apr 2012 UTS building 1 Michael Dysart sets the record straight

concrete poetry Iconic and award-winning buildings

New brutalsim The legacy of the Government Architect’s Branch

Network events Autumn calendar Brutalism: a heritage issue Once thought by many to be too ugy to love, Brutalist buildings are a potent symbol of their time. 7. Editor Peter Salhani [email protected] Editorial Committee Chair Contents Joe Agius [email protected]

Art direction and design President’s message Jamie Carroll and Ersen Sen 02 leadinghand.com.au Copy Editor Editorial Monique Pasilow 03 Managing Editor Roslyn Irons News in brief from around the NSW Chapter Advertising 04 [email protected] Subscriptions (annual) Network events: Autumn calendar Six issues $60, students $40 06 [email protected]

Editorial & advertising office On the cover Goldstein Hall and the Surry Hills Police Centre Tusculum, 3 Manning Street The Sydney Masonic Centre, a fine 07 Anne Higham Potts Point NSW 2011 example of Brutalism. Michael Bogle (02) 9246 4055 discusses the origins of Brutalism on ISSN 0813-748X page 10. Photo: Max Dupain Beauty of the beast Michael Bogle Published six times a year, 10 Architecture Bulletin is the journal of 16. the Australian Institute of Architects, Concrete poetry: award-winning buildings 60s-80s NSW Chapter (ACN 000 023 012). Continuously published since 1944. 12 Noni Boyd, Glenn Harper

Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed New Brutalism and the legacy of the in articles and letters published in 14 Government Architect’s Branch Peter Mould Architecture Bulletin are the personal views and opinions of the authors of these writings and do not necessarily UTS Building 1: In the architect’s own words represent the views and opinions of 16 Michael Dysart the Institute and its officers. Material contained in this publication is general comment and is not intended as advice Darling Harbour Bicentennial on any particular matter. No reader 19 Redevelopment Project Noni Boyd should act or fail to act on the basis of any material herein. Readers should consult professional advisers. The The Heritage Committee reports on 2011 Australian Institute of Architects NSW 22 Chapter, its officers, editor, editorial committee and authors expressly disclaim all liability to any persons Interiors under threat: the Hillam House in respect of acts or omissions by any 23 gets a reprieve for its Paul Kafka furniture such person in reliance on any of the contents of this publication. Patrons Book review: Encyclopedia of Australian Print and paper 24 Architecture Peter Tonkin Printed by Rostone Print using Architecture Bulletin thanks soy-based vegetable inks on FSC mixed source certified paper, its Patrons for their support manufactured to ISO 14 001 environmental accreditation using Gold Patron 14. elemental chlorine-free (ECF) pulps. Hassell Plates and paper offcuts from the printing process are recycled. Silver Patrons Bates Smart Cox Architecture Group GSA Bronze Patrons fjmt (Francis-Jones Morehen Thorp) Lend Lease Design Tanner Architects Supporter Buzacott Architects Technical Sponsor Architectural Window Systems

Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 1 the most valued and tangible aspects of An Expanded Patrons Program including postwar items, listing a wide range exemplified by the work of Frank Lloyd Wright; Institute membership. editorial of building types: tube stations, public housing and the architecture of Asia, particularly Japan, Over recent years, there has been much The Design Culture Committee has also and banks, including Richard Rogers’s Lloyd’s which was seen to be human, accessible and talk informally among members about taking been considering an initiative proposed by A common thread can be traced through the Bank in London. The listings are not restricted sophisticated.” the publication online. Recognising that some our Chapter Manager Roslyn Irons. For some features in this heritage issue of Architecture to so-called iconic buildings. Prototypes or Why, then, are these award-winning people prefer print communication and others years there has been a Patrons Program to Bulletin, and that is the lack of statutory early examples of new housing forms have also buildings now being demolished, painted or digital, Architecture Bulletin editor Peter support Architecture Bulletin. We’re convinced protection in New South Wales for postwar been identified and listed. Similarly, in New wallpapered beyond recognition? In the past, Salhani has suggested a cost-effective there are some significant opportunities for architect-designed buildings and the designed Zealand, iconic postwar buildings such as the institutional buildings that were too small but , evolution from the current print-only model, the Institute to expand a Patrons Program landscapes within which they often sit. Futuna Chapel (pictured) in Karori—which still sound and serviceable were given to another president s to a combined print and digital model that to also promote and enhance the culture There are currently a number of award- was awarded the New Zealand Institute of user. The National Art School in Darlinghurst, would expand its content and make it more of architecture in this state. winning modern buildings under threat of Architects 25 Year Award—have been listed as for example, had a number of prior incarnations: message immediate, relevant and accessible. An expanded program might allow substantial alteration or demolition. Since heritage items, receiving statutory protection a convict stockade, a jail and a prisoner-of-war Welcome to the new year, I hope everyone had The idea is to make the print edition a the Chapter to raise the profile of November 2011, the Institute’s Heritage under the relevant district plan. camp. Until relatively recently, public buildings a chance to rest over the holiday break. The more substantial quarterly publication (rather architecture in New South Wales by: Committee (NSW Chapter) has been informed Of all New South Wales buildings to have were continually added to in order to cater for NSW Chapter and Chapter Council is looking than bimonthly), possibly with a stronger • Establishing an alumni alliance of of potential demolitions of a Harry Seidler- received the Institute’s Enduring Architecture their expanding programs, as can be seen with forward to a full 2012. Motivated by the desire pictorial focus, and, concurrently, to run an esteemed New South Wales Fellows designed house at Penrith and a Glenn Award over the past decade, only four have any the Australian Museum, the State Library of to constantly find new ways to improve our online Architecture Bulletin blog for articles, and Life Fellows to acknowledge their Murcutt-designed house in Terrey Hills. In statutory protection: three public buildings New South Wales, the Art Gallery of NSW and service to members and the profession, I’d news and current events, including T@T. projects’ valuable contribution to the addition, part of Goldstein Hall, a Sulman (including the Sydney Opera House) and one the Sydney Town Hall. like to share some of the new proposals being The blog would link to the Chapter built environment; Award-winning university hall and residence Glenn Murcutt house. Even Darling Harbour, a When did large-scale public buildings considered and implemented at the moment. website but adopt its own distinct identity, • Creating a comprehensive knowledge complex designed by the NSW Government precinct redeveloped as a bicentennial project, suddenly become disposable? What will the just as Architecture Bulletin currently does. base of information about New South Architect’s Branch in 1964, is in the process is now being master planned once again. What New South Wales postwar architectural legacy Tuesdays @ Tusculum As well as offering members more immediate Wales architecture, projects and of being demolished as we go to print. will happen to the award-winning structures on be if we continue this trend of demolishing updates, it would allow members to respond buildings; and The cry has been ‘it is not a heritage item’, this site once their functions are superseded? buildings (particularly brutalist buildings) for The Tuesday Night Talks series has been a directly to articles online, making feedback • Lifting the profile of the profession by but has the process been followed to fully assess During the 1960s, the buildings designed by institutional or corporate rebranding purposes, prominent fixture on the Chapter calendar more direct. Longer term, the plan would positioning architecture at the forefront its significance? Heritage listing is currently the the NSW Government Architect’s Branch were or because some simply dislike their aesthetics? for many years. The quality and range of talks, be to expand the blog as a resource space. of design and culture in New South Wales. mechanism by which buildings are protected considered to be among the best architecture Recent demolitions tend to be justified with over the past few years in particular, has been Together with Editorial Committee The new Patrons Program would fund at a local, state or national level. Many recent in the country. Many of these fall into the arguments that the replacement building will be outstanding, thanks to a small and dedicated Chair, Joe Agius, and with the support of the development of a fully searchable award-winning buildings and their landscape category of Brutalism, the focus of this issue sustainable. But what is the environmental cost team led by Andrew Burns. Chapter Council, we feel this is a promising database to: design have no statutory protection, as they of Architecture Bulletin. The influences on of demolition and reconstruction, and what is This year, the program continues with opportunity that will be welcomed by • Honour and celebrate the work of are too young to be considered heritage items. Brutalism in Australia were many. As Peter the cultural cost of erasing award-winning a new name, Tuesdays@Tusculum (T@T), members, both for the potential of improved members of the profession through As a result, most modern architecture has no Mould, NSW Government Architect Emeritus, postwar buildings from our cities and our reflecting both a broadening of the events, service and the profile-raising opportunities exhibitions, archives, photographic statutory protection. State-owned buildings elegantly reminds us in this edition, pages 14-15: memories, when instead they could be creatively and a refocus on Tusculum as a cultural hub. it offers to contributors. However, we’d like to collections and oral histories; (including institutions) are frequently not in “Individual strands evolved. Apart from the extended or adapted? Gillian Redman-Lloyd, our new Events & know your thoughts before embarking on any • Facilitate closer links with aligned LEP heritage schedules as they are generally brutalist movement from England, other Marketing Manager, is coordinating T@T with changes, so get in touch with either myself, organisations and institutions; dealt with under Section 170 of the NSW influences were: Scandinavia, particularly Dr Noni Boyd the Chapter’s newly formed Design Culture Joe or Peter. • Publish work advancing architectural Heritage Act. the work of Alvar Aalto; the organic school NSW Chapter Heritage Officer Committee. As well as talks, the 2012 program knowledge; and Inclusion on the NSW Chapter’s Register will include films, Q&A forums, exhibitions Open Governance • Provide data for scholarly research. of 20th Century Buildings of Significance does and conversations across the generations The program would function in a not provide protection against alteration or (older architects interviewed by younger It’s now common for organisations and similar way to the ‘friends’ programs of other demolition, as the register is not a statutory one. ones, as well as some events sitting slightly public authorities, like local councils, to cultural organisations and university alumni Such is the fear of, or contempt for, the ‘H-word’ left of architecture’s traditional centre. publish meeting agendas and minutes online. groups. It would develop our profession’s that the Institute’s own Tasmanian Chapter The 2012 program began on 21 February We think the NSW Chapter should also be part credibility with decision-makers in has renamed its heritage committee, and its with a presentation by Marc Stringa on of this move to open governance and greater government and the community, and build consideration is now of ‘architecturally planning projects in the Middle East. T@T transparency. It’s important that members are on our professional networks. Funding for significant’ buildings. events will be listed in the weekly e-news and aware of discussions held on their behalf and the program would be sourced from willing Occasionally an award-winning modern posted on the Chapter website under ‘events’: for their benefit. practices, patrons and new sponsors. building or complex makes it on to the State www.architecture.com.au/nsw. Importantly, Online publication will enable you to I hope you will see the wonderful Heritage Inventory, Tocal College’s CB T@T is also being promoted on public quickly scan minutes for subject matter of opportunities opened up by these ideas. Alexander Campus at Paterson is a rare example. websites like http://whatson.cityofsydney.nsw. particular interest. Additional benefits are: I particularly welcome your reactions and These buildings were identified during the gov.au , which we hope will open the series to • Interested and engaged members will gain suggestions before we get into full launch Section 170 process. State Government agencies a broader audience. an insight into the range of issues discussed by mode. Contact me at are required to maintain a heritage register, but the Chapter Council and its committees; and [email protected] not all building types have been assessed, as Architecture Bulletin • Potential new committee members can certain agencies specifically exclude interwar match their interests with the most Matthew Pullinger and postwar buildings. I’m sure you share my enthusiasm for appropriate committee by better NSW Chapter President Other countries have better mechanisms Architecture Bulletin, both as the Chapter’s understanding the depth and breadth for the protection of their 20th century built John Scott’s design for the small Futuna Chapel (1958-61), Karori, New Zealand, combined Western influences such as Le Corbusier’s journal of record and a forum for discourse of issues addressed by each committee. heritage. English Heritage has recently chapel at Ronchamp, with symbolic elements from traditional Maori architecture. It received the NZIA Gold Medal in 1968 and a 25 Year Award in 1986. The proposed sale and redevelopment of the site resulted in the establishment of a foundation to care for this about the practice of architecture in New undertaken considerable work in the diminutive chapel, which continues to be used for ceremonies and also as a recital venue. Photo: Noni Boyd.

South Wales. It consistently rates as one of Fenelon Neil P hoto: assessment of 20th century buildings,

2 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 3 chapter news

Chapter Manager’s report Patrons news Poulet started in February, having served as Heritage property the State Architect of Tasmania from 2009. We would like to take the opportunity of Vicki van Dijk has been appointed the In the 2009 Heritage edition of Architecture congratulating the new incoming Chapter new Principal of PMDL’s Sydney studio. Bulletin, Professor James Weirick wrote about Councillors on their successful nomination Adrian Yap has been promoted to Senior Redstone at Telopea, a well-preserved Walter to Chapter Council. Congratulations to our Associate at fjmt, having joined the firm in Burley Griffin house. The house will soon be successful candidates Shaun Carter, Nigel Bell, 2010. He led the team for the Chemistry listed for lease with Modern House, a new Louise Nettleton, Adam Haddow, Emili Fox Research Laboratory 2 project at the agency specialising in architect-designed and Joe Agius. University of Oxford. houses, particularly mid-century classics. This year saw a record number of Established in late 2011 by former advertising nominations for the six positions falling vacant Australia Day Honours Creative Director and architecture enthusiast and, with the introduction of the new online Marcus Lloyd-Jones, Modern House is all For lease: Redstone (above) at Telopea. Photo: Eric Sierins. For sale: a Bill Lucas Castlecrag house (above). Photo: Modern House. election process, a record number of members Graham Jahn, former National President about finding appreciative buyers for houses voting. There were 1,345 electronic votes and 16 of the Institute, was made a Member of of heritage value, not those looking to exploit postal votes, a substantial improvement on the Cox Architecture has been appointed as the Order of Australia ‘for service to land value. Lloyd-Jones has also just listed for IWAN lobbying sees Leichhardt Council In the second half of 2011, when IWAN traditional postal election process. We have lead architect working in collaboration with architecture, particularly through the sale 78 The Bulwark, one of four houses by Bill appoint an architect as Heritage Adviser became aware LMC was advertising the position received many positive comments from several Robertson + Marks, for the redevelopment of promotion of excellence in urban design Lucas in Castlecrag. It’s a fine example of the of Heritage Adviser, we approached the Director members regarding the simplicity of the online the Sydney Cricket Ground Northern Stand and planning, to professional associations, architect’s approach to create harmony with The Inner West Architects Network (IWAN) of Environmental Services (Peter Conroy), and election process. (above). The venue’s new Northern Stand will and to local government and the arts’. the bush setting. www.modernhouse.co. has for over a decade taken Leichhardt Council Head of Planning (Elizabeth Richardson) March sees an office move for the Newcastle replace the stadium’s existing Noble, Bradman Kerry Hill was appointed as Officer of (LMC) to task over what we see as their peculiar, regarding the process by which the new Heritage and Country Divisions. Kate Griffith and Melissa and Messenger stands. The Northern Stand the Order of Australia ‘for distinguished Seniors Housing Award agenda-based and dysfunctional planning Adviser should be selected. IWAN proposed that Laney will move into new premises further redevelopment is the first project of the service to architecture, particularly as an assessment process. Although LMC, to its the panel recruiting the new Heritage Adviser along King Street providing a shopfront for master plan being developed by the Sydney ambassador for Australian design in South- Leo Campbell of Campbell Luscombe credit, has always listened to our feedback, they should include ‘external’ as well as internal architecture, seminar facilities for CPD, meeting Cricket and Sports Ground Trust, and the East Asia, and as an educator and mentor’. Architects was awarded ‘Most Outstanding have remained largely unwilling to reform their members, and put forward names that we rooms, and a hot desk for Institute members and second stage of the SCG redevelopment. The Architect in Over 50s Housing in the World’ planning and processes. thought would be ideal to join the panel. staff visiting Newcastle on business. design proposal for the new Northern Stand is National Conference: Experience at the Globals Over 50s Housing — Healthcare In particular, the Heritage assessment From this recommendation, LMC The Chapter’s event calendar commenced to reinforce and rejuvenate the time-honoured 10-12 May 2012, Brisbane Awards in London on 24 November 2011. The process of LMC has been in desperate need appointed a panel of four that included the with a record number of architects attending the traditions and character of the world-famous Globals Awards are sponsored by the UK-based of reform. For a council that places enormous Director of Environmental Services and Head DARCH Regi-frustration event. More than 160 SCG, it will complement its legacy and Norway’s Kjetil Thorsen, South Africa’s Peter Over 50s Housing Publishing Group. More than importance on heritage and often requires of Planning, plus two people from IWAN’s list. architects attended the information evening to heritage, while at the same time showcasing Rich and Japan’s Koji Tsutsui are among 15 1,260 developers, operators and managers from expensive and detailed Heritage Impact In January 2012, Catherine Macarthur was learn more about registration and PALS. We are the next evolution of stadia design. speakers invited to talk about the importance 102 countries were evaluated, and 20 awards Statements (HIS), there has been very little, announced as LMC’s new Heritage Adviser. also very pleased to report that since the online of the direct physical experience of architecture made. A lifetime achievement award was given if any, feedback from their Heritage Adviser. Macarthur is an architect with over 20 years PALS course was introduced in New South Moves & appointments in an image-rich world. Experience is the first to Professsor Hans Becker (Humanitas Group, Their last adviser was part-time, almost always experience in heritage conservation, including Wales in 2010, there have been 270 architects National Architecture Conference to be held Netherlands), considered one of the leading unavailable to discuss decisions, and rarely (if in all three tiers of government, and joins LMC register for the online course and attend Melonie Bayl-Smith has been appointed in Brisbane in over 25 years. Satellite events seniors living/aged care thinkers in the world. ever) responded to the HIS prepared by other from the NSW Government Architect’s Office. supplementary tutorials at Tusculum and in Adjunct Professor to the UTS School include tours, the Brisbane Regional Awards, experts, and costing thousands of dollars. IWAN members who have worked with Newcastle. Similarly, the Refuel and ArchiTECH of Architecture, along with Billy Feuerman. and events by SONA and EmAGN. See the full Master Class Scholarship 8–22 July 2012 The council was also well known for taking Catherine sing her praises. CPD events have record attendances. Vanessa Dudman was appointed a program at architecture.com.au/experience. an extremely conservative approach to heritage, This is a great result for planning and Congratulations to our new Life Fellows. Practice Director of Cronepartners For the twelfth annual Glenn Murcutt and for being overly concerned with the ‘look’ architecture in Leichhardt. It’s also a fantastic During 2011 Michael Dysart, Richard Johnson, Architecture Studio. RIBA President’s Medals Student Awards Architecture Master Class in July, Stormtech of buildings rather than the history. The result for IWAN and its members who have Paul Pholeros, Peter Tonkin, Col James, Michael Richard Francis–Jones, Design Director (manufacturers of architectural grates and result has been considerable frustration worked tirelessly to improve planning at LMC Neustein, Peter Stutchbury, Peter Stronach, of fjmt, has been appointed a 2012 Australian architecture students fared drains) is offering half the cost ($3,300), for and dissatisfaction among the planning, for more than a decade. We congratulate Richard Thorp, Peter Phillips and Peter Mould Honorary Fellow of the American Institute particularly well at the 2011 RIBA President’s an Australian architect under 30 to participate architectural and heritage fraternities, and Leichhardt Council for its courage in making were elevated to Life Fellow status in of Architects (AIA). This is among the Medals Student Awards, probably the most in the two-week residential Master Class at the community at large. No-one was happy. this change. We look forward to working with recognition and acknowledgement of their highest honours the AIA can bestow upon a prestigious international accolades for student Shoalhaven. Details at www.ozetecture.org. IWAN sees the role of Heritage Adviser Leichhardt and other inner-west councils on contribution to the profession and the Institute. colleague who has contributed significantly work. In the Silver Medal category for the best as critical to the planning process, particularly programs to improve the planning process, and Finally, a very big thank you to our outgoing to architecture and society. Richard will be design project, University of Sydney students in an area such as Leichhardt where the elected we wish Catherine Macarthur well in her role. councillors Gerard Reinmuth, Kim Crestani, conferred with the Honorary Fellowship Duncan Corrigall and Daniel Spence were officials [most notably the Greens] give Hannah Tribe and Ben Hewitt for the and medal at the investiture ceremony runners-up for their project ‘Metamorphoses: significant weight to the staff’s heritage advice. Shaun Carter (for IWAN) contribution to the Chapter. in Washington DC in May. Echo’s Retreat’. And University of Melbourne Councils need advisers who are across their James Perry has been promoted to Associate students Hannah Robertson and Dr Milinda brief and able to clearly articulate their decisions PS: Are you a small practitioner struggling Roslyn Irons at fjmt. He currently leads the firm’s Tasmania Pathiraja won the Dissertation Medal and the from a consistent, known and supported to find information or help with...whatever? NSW Chapter Manager Museum and Art Gallery redevelopment team. Outstanding Thesis Award respectively. position. Having a heritage adviser who is an Then join your local architecture network! Peter Poulet has been appointed the 23rd Congratulations to all. Australian architecture architect, understands architecture, is willing IWAN represents the Inner West of Sydney, but NSW Government Architect, following the looks set for a bright and interesting future. to engage in the discussion of heritage with the there is one for each region. The Networks are at retirement of Peter Mould in January 2012. www.architecture.com/Awards/RIBA. applicants and prosecute a sophisticated and the coalface of the daily struggle of small practice and unambiguous council position is vital. provide a peer group to support each other.

4 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 5 network events: autumn

ANSR COUNTRY DIVISION LOWAN SEA Architects Network Contact: country-nsw@ Lower North Shore Sydney East Network Southern Region architecture.com.au, or Small Practices Group Contact: Philip Abram Contact: Paul Fiegel Kate Griffith (02) 4960 4200 Contact: Clare Carter (02) 9363 2222 Two of (02) 9529 6466 [email protected] (02) 9438 4200 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Venue: Hughenden Hotel, Venue: Camelia Gardens Venue: Piato Restaurant, 123 Blues 1 Queen Street, Woollahra 27 April Teahouse, Caringbah Point Road, McMahons Point Cost: $25 Mini conference. Fee psychology Cost: $20 CPD points: 2 (Formal) a kind and negotiation Venue: Kiama 13 March 8–9.30am 21 March 6pm 13 March 6–9pm 22 June In conversation: Hugo Tugman There are two significant Beauty in architecture Seminar Regional seminar. Intertwined: of Architect Your Home (UK) Speakers: Steve Kennedy projects that bookend the Venue: Kogarah Community design and materiality 8 May 8–9.30am and Stephen Varady Centre, Premier Street, Kogarah Venue: Wingham Practising freehand drawing period of Brutalism in New CPD points: 2.5 (Formal) Speaker: Rena Czaplinska 18 April 6pm Cost: $30 Designing for accessibility South Wales: Goldstein and 12 June 8–9.30am GREATWAN Speakers: Howard Moutrie 5 April 8–9.15am Topic TBA Philip Baxter Residential 1. Monthly meeting Western Sydney Network and Harry Sprintz CPD points: 1 (Informal) Contact: Gustavo Saborido 9 May 6pm Colleges at the University of (02) 0408 264 389 NEWCASTLE DIVISION 3 May 8–9.15am Managing risk in architectural New South Wales (1962–66), [email protected] Contact: Kate Griffith Goldstein Hall and Philip Baxter College: gave enthusiastic support. Under the guidance Monthly meeting practice: tales from the front line Venue: Community Youth Centre (02) 4960 4200 Speaker: David Vaughan and the Sydney Police Centre Residential Colleges at the University of of the remarkable Harry Rembert as head of CPD points: 1 (Informal) (Level 1) 40 Alice Street, Harris Park [email protected] (Ebsworth Lawyers) at Surry Hills (1975–87). New South Wales the Design Room, the new graduates, including 8 May 6–9pm CPD points: 2 (Formal) ArchiTECH lunch venue Seminar 13 June 6pm Design Architect: Peter Hall (1931–1995) Ken Woolley, Peter Hall, Peter Webber, SOHO on Darby Street, Cooks Hill Brutalism is a polarising style, Venue: Kogarah Community Designing for water and Documentation: Schmaehling and Partners Michael Dysart, Andrew Andersons and Lionel 8 March 6–9pm Centre, Premier Street, Kogarah Seminar venue Travelodge, energy efficiency not just in architectural circles, Stage 1: 1962. Stage 2: 1964. Glendenning, were soon responsible for the Green points / wood products / Corner King and Steel Streets, Speaker: John Caley CPD points: 2.5 (Formal) but for the public at large. These Philip Baxter College: 1966 design of numerous very large and important Cost: $30 wood in bushfire-prone areas Newcastle Speaker: Stephen Mitchell, Timber projects, an extraordinary opportunity for SPUN are buildings people either love 7 June 8–9.15am Development Association E.H. (Ted) Farmer was New South Wales architects at the beginning of their careers. Monthly meeting 7 March 1–2pm Upper North Network or hate, and questions about 10 May 6–9pm Government Architect 1958–1973, during a What followed were six Sulman Awards, two CPD points: 1 (Informal) ArchiTECH lunch: Blinds Nice Contact: John O’Brien Beauty in architecture their preservation recur time CPD points: 1 (Informal) (02) 9361 6378 period when the population to the State Blacket Awards and countless Merit Awards Speakers: Steve Kennedy [email protected] and again. Part of the Goldstein surged due to postwar immigration. Major new for excellent architecture. BANG and Stephen Varady 12 March 5.30–7.30pm Venue: Garrigal Terrace Room, infrastructure was needed and the scale of the Today, at a time when Farmer’s legacy is Northern Beaches Network University lecture series Hall group of buildings is now Roseville Golf Club Contact: Adam Pressley Venue: The Delany Hotel challenge was unprecedented in the long history under threat of demolition, along with several IWAN Cost: $35; students $20. Includes set to be demolished, making 0412 348 575 19 March 5.30–7.30pm of the office. His predecessor Cobden Parkes other significant Sulman Medal1 buildings, it Inner West Network dinner; bookings only. [email protected] University lecture series for this timely discussion by believed that it was inappropriate for a public is revealing to revisit his Hook Memorial Contact: Howard Smith CPD points: 2 (Formal) Venue: On Shore Brasserie, Venue: The Delany Hotel architect Anne Higham about office to enter designs for architecture awards Address of 11 May 1973. 16 The Strand, Dee Why Beach (02) 9818 5552. To check you’re on the [email protected] notification 28 March 5.30–7.30pm and Farmer, too, held this view. But when, Farmer said in part: “…Mumford said that University lecture series 26 March 6.30–9.30pm the significance and heritage CPD points: 1 (Formal) list, email [email protected] unknown to him the new young architects historic accumulations of culture form the top Venue: The Delany Hotel Designing for light & ventilation value of these ingenious Coffee meeting venue Speaker: Professor Alec Tzannes, in his office submitted their designs to the soil and humus in which the higher life of man Rosebud Cafe, 654 Darling Street 4 April 1–2pm 20 March 7.30–9am Dean, UNSW award-winning buildings. Institute of Architects and were successful he has flourished, and if the historic roots of culture Breakfast workshop: Seminar venue Le Pan Quotidien, ArchiTECH lunch: Ritek 23 April 6.30–9.30pm be ploughed up, what is left is a bare surface of Glass structures 54 Norton Street, Leichhardt CPD points: 1 (Informal) Documents & copyright Discussion lead by Tom Simmat 24 April 4pm non-historic experience, which will not sustain Speaker: Chris Shaw (Reynolds Newcastle Divison AGM human life or thought. Perhaps, then, one of the 24 April 7.30–9am 9 March 7.30am Bowen & Gerathy) Breakfast workshop: All members welcome greatest duties of our profession is to jealously Coffee meeting 28 May 6.30–9.30pm Exempt and complying 1 May 5–8pm guard this inheritance from the past and explain 23 March 7.30am Designing to avoid development code Lower Hunter Urban CPD seminar condensation in buildings its relevance to the present.” Speaker: Tom Bowden and Heath Design Awards launch Speaker: Ray de Silva Farmer then commented: “What seems to McNab, Insight Certifiers 13 April 7.30am Venue: Newcastle Regional Coffee meeting 26 June 6.30–9.30pm me to be the most difficult situation at present is 22 May 7.30–9am Museum Preparing DAs in heritage how to preserve the authority of our profession. Breakfast workshop: 27 April 7.30am 2 May 1–2pm conservation areas / Heritage New LEPs – recent changes CPD seminar ArchiTECH Lunch: ABN How its, I hope, informed opinions can be Impact Statements and problems 11 May 7.30am Lift Consultants heard in all the wild turmoil of ‘progress’ and Speaker: heritage architect Robert Speaker: TBA Coffee meeting CPD points: 1 (Informal) ‘development’ that the media and financiers Moore and heritage planner Paul 19 June 7.30–9am 25 May 7.30am 6 June 1–2pm Dignam (Kuring-gai Council) enjoy. Amid the wild orgy of destruction of Breakfast workshop: Acoustic Houses tour ArchiTECH Lunch: Builtsmart our familiar environment how can we find the and thermal insulation for 8 June 7.30am Modular Homes means to make an effective protest without domestic projects CPD points: 1 (Informal) Coffee meeting being looked upon as crackpots? Let me say Speaker: Ray de Silva, Dynamic 22 June 7.30am Composite Technologies that what some of our brothers have been CPD seminar 2. saying so vehemently is nearly always right. >

6 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 7 The mistake they made is being too emotional, and agricultural economics departments; and Sydney Police Centre Footnotes “Those of us who intolerant and terribly bad salesmen. at the newly established Macquarie University, Design Architect: Richard Dinham 1 When the Sulman Exhibition was held at MOS in late 1997, six Sulman award-winning buildings had been try to protest must “Those of us who try to protest must the first stages of the University Library. In his Project Engineer: F. Rozmus demolished. In the five years following that event and realise that we are dealing with astute forthcoming book on Peter Hall, (The Phantom Landscape Architect: Bruce Rickard the publication of Architecture in Transition The Sulman Award 1932–1997, four more buildings had been adversely realise that we are ruthless people who — given the validity of the Opera House), Peter Webber records: STAGE 1: 1987. STAGE 2: Not built. altered. Two others had been altered: Australia Square of assumption that a rising gross national “Of them all it was Goldstein Hall that was (1967) and King George V Hospital for Mothers and Babies dealing with astute (Sulman 1941), and several painted, including Goldstein product, improvements to property, ever to attract most attention to Hall as a young The golden period of design continued after Hall (1964), Orange City Council Library & Regional ruthless people who expanding markets and all the rest of it, are architect of outstanding ability. His design Ted Farmer’s retirement in 1973, his successors, Gallery (1986) and Powerhouse Museum (1988). Warringah Library (1966) and UTS Kuring-gai Campus good things — are acting perfectly logically was robust, original and atmospheric. But, Peter Webber, Charles Weatherburn and Ian (1978), Goldstein Hall Residential College (1964) and are acting perfectly and sensibly within a money-based critically, it heralded that here was an architect Thomson, and the second and subsequent the Exhibition Centre Darling Harbour (1989) are under philosophy.”2 who was also deeply sensitive to the physical groups of design room men included many threat of demolition. logically and sensibly 2 In 1980 Russell Jack states “Farmer could see no panacea. The Institute’s NSW Heritage Committee and psychological needs of the people who exceptional design architects who made He advocated preservation and the teaching of the young within a money-based is nominating the University of Sydney’s were to experience his buildings. It was significant contributions to the work of the the value of their heritage and environment. He saw the danger of the package dealer exploiting economic Fisher Library, Goldstein and Philip Baxter formally opened on 30 June 1964.” The next Government Architect’s Branch. (Russell Jack situations to the detriment of the built environment.” philosophy.” 5. Colleges, Macquarie University Library, stage of accommodation, the Philip Baxter mentions Rodney Connors, Donald Coleman, 3 The only Sulman Award-winning buildings currently and UTS Kuring-gai Campus to the NSW College, was opened in 1966. Goldstein Hall Leslie Reedman, Ross Bonthorne, John listed on the State Heritage Register are Liner House 3 (Sulman, 1961) and the Sydney Opera House (Sulman, Government State Heritage Register . was a seminal work of Brutalism that received McKinney, Colin Still, Brian McDonald, surfaces, and spandrels are edged by smooth 1992). The Institute’s nomination of Marcel Breuer’s However, the University of New South Wales’ critical acclaim with the Architecture & Arts Leif Kristensen and David Turner). and recessed borders. Adjustable aluminium Brutalist Torin building has resulted in its listing on the State Heritage Register. residential blocks are threatened by Award and the Institute’s Sulman Medal. A late brutalist building, the Sydney Police sun louvres — horizontal to the north and 4 The use of innovative integrated landscape design is demolition, and the fates of the Macquarie Donald Gazzard’s insightful 1964 review Centre officially opened on 11 March 1987, vertical to the south — provide sun protection, an important feature of brutalist architecture in New University Library and UTS Kuring-gai of the Goldstein College, published in Building though planning had commenced in 1975 privacy and security for occupants. South Wales. Landscape architects who worked with the Government Architect’s Branch and the other Campus have yet to be determined. Ideas, recognised not only the individual merit of and building work began in 1980. The Sydney Police Centre assists in significant brutalist architects of this period included Harry Rembert entrusted Peter Hall with the buildings but also the influence he expected The overall envelope comprises two levels establishing a built transition between the Bruce Mackenzie, Harry Howard, Bruce Rickard, Allan Correy and Richard Clough. the design of a series of important buildings. they would have among younger architects. below ground (reducing its mass), with an residential area of Surry Hills and the high- Hall’s designs included major extensions to Russell Jack states in his 1980 thesis on additional three levels facing Goulburn Street density high-rise of the southern sector of Darlinghurst Courthouse and the Registrar the Government Architect’s Branch that and five levels facing Campbell Street. The the CBD. It successfully integrates a massive General’s Building, Sydney. These were the Goldstein Hall and Philip Baxter College building is aligned on an east-west axis, with building by using the expressed structure to 3. followed by several university projects, all of “group of buildings is undeniably one of the large floor areas pulled apart at their centre and break down its scale. The building envelope 1. Goldstein Hall at the University of New South Wales. them significant buildings. For the University highlights of the Branch’s golden period”. ‘stacked’ to achieve sun control to north facades encloses a gross floor area of 32,000 square Photo: Max Dupain. 2. Sydney Police Centre in Surry Hills. Photo: Public Works Department. 3. Goldstein Hall interior. of New South Wales there was Goldstein Hall and to facilitate penetration of sunlight to the metres, with a nett occupied area of 24,000 Photo: Max Dupain. 4. A vaulted atrium in the Sydney Police with its hall, residential wings and separate lowest levels. This sunny space incorporates square metres. Building functions include Centre. Photo: Public Works Department. The sketch of master’s residence, and Philip Baxter College. circulation corridors and stairs with parking, Charge and Cell Complex, Shooting internal gardens shows the original concept. The south-north section below shows much of the Police Centre below ground. For the University of New England, Armidale, overhanging gardens and landscaped spaces Range and Armoury, Gymnasium, Operational Hall designed new buildings for the chemistry designed by Bruce Rickard and Richard Dinham. Sections of the City Police Station, Scientific High-quality, low-maintenance finishes and Investigation Section, Communications Branch, detailing were used to achieve durability and Ballistics Unit, Telephone Centre, Computer longevity for this ‘public building’. Public access Centre, Security Control Centre and Disaster in this congested part of the city is encouraged Coordination Centre. No residential streets by landscaped breathing spaces across the site.4 need to be used for site access. Three concrete finishes have been utilised to accentuate the nature of the structure: Anne Higham a vertical boarded finish to the walls and Retired Heritage Officer, NSW Chapter columns, a bush-hammered finish to horizontal

8 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 9 Scale (1982), Canberra; the Masonic Centre (Joseland, Gilling and Associates with T.W. Hodgson and Brutalist commercial and civic buildings Sons, 1978); the Sydney Police Centre (NSW are generally large-scale buildings that Government Architect, Richard Dinham, design consistently use outsized and frankly architect, 1978), and many other works. expressed building elements. Among the earliest Brutalist buildings in New South Landscape BEAUTY Wales to candidly express these exaggerated OF THE building elements are Goldstein Hall In New South Wales, landscape design residential college, at the University of features in a number of Brutalist commissions, New South Wales (NSW Government especially when greenfield sites allowed Architect, 1964) and Randwick Girls High planning to retain or reintroduce native Design historian Michael Bogle charts the rise School (NSW Government Architect, 1966). plantings. Bruce Rickard, Alan Correy, Bruce BEAST The lure of exaggerated scale in civic Mackenzie and others advocated the use of a genre that gave us some of our grandest building continued with the Brutalist-inspired of indigenous vegetation in their landscape modern interiors. planning by the late Walter Abraham at the architecture. Citing only a few designers and Macquarie University campus. The Macquarie landscape commissions, Mackenzie developed University Library (NSW Government the William Balmain Teachers College,

Architect, 1967), the original Teaching Block Kuring-gai program; Richard Clough developed 2. (Stafford, Moor and Farrington, 1967) and the the Macquarie University scheme; and Harry Macquarie University Student Union Building Howard and Associates was responsible 1. (Ancher, Mortlock, Murray and Woolley, 1970) for the initial landscaping of EMTB’s High are notable Brutalist works. Assisted by the Court od Australia Building and the adjacent load-bearing capabilities of reinforced National Gallery of Australia, Canberra.9 The term ‘Brutalism’ or ‘New Brutalism’ was 3. Candidly expressed materials and finishes upkeep-free materials.”7 A number of singular concrete, these buildings also provided coined in the mid-1950s in the office of British (materials ‘as found’ or ‘off-form’); innovations were introduced with the regional opportunities for monumental interior spaces. Michael Bogle architects Alison and Peter Smithson. The 4. Predominantly concrete, but integrating variant in New South Wales’ commercial-scale Smithsons claim the expression was invented glass, brick and timber.4 buildings adding to the style and methodology Interior architecture as an ironic retort to the UK Architectural of Brutalism in light control, plan development, Review’s journalistic phrase-making with Was it different in Australia? interior architecture and landscape.8 In many of the Brutalist buildings in New South terms such as ‘New Monumentalism’, ‘New Wales, the interior often introduces large-scale Footnotes 1 1 ‘On Brutalism’. Alison Smithson and Peter Smithson. Empiricism’ and the like. The Encyclopedia of Australian Architecture Light ceremonial spaces. Design emphasis is often Without Rhetoric. An Architectural Aesthetic 1955-1972, The Smithsons believed in “… an urbanism acknowledges the Smithsons’ ethical placed on processional entrances and often Latimer New Dimensions, 1973, p.2, p.6. 2 Reyner Banham. ‘The New Brutalism’. Architectural Review, in which functionally compatible buildings, framework and accepts Banham’s working Unlike Britain’s Northern Hemisphere where cavernous, internal reception areas. This December, 1955, pp.355–361. like the components of a tea set, would acquire definition for Australian Brutalist work.5 natural light is welcomed, Australian sunlight architecture can be found in many of the 3 Reyner Banham. ‘The New Brutalism.’ Architectural Review, a kind of neutrality and family likeness with Marshall Clifton and Tony Brand’s 1961 Hale is an important element to control. Innovative Edwards, Madigan, Torzillo and Briggs (EMTB) December, 1955, p.357. These issues are expanded in his book The New Brutalism. Architectural Press, 1966. the space between them becoming the School Memorial Hall in Perth is cited as one Brutalist light control measures in New South buildings including the Warringah Council’s 4 Irenee Scalbert, ‘The Smithsons and the Economist 3. collective of the spaces that each of the of Australia’s earliest civic or commercial- Wales include: Civic Centre (1973), the High Court of Australia Building Plaza’ in Architecture is not made with the Brain. The Labour of Alison and Peter Smithson. Architectural buildings carries with it.”2 They were certain scale Brutalist buildings. Although the raw • the precast ‘sun visors’ of the Metropolitan (1980) and the National Gallery of Australia Association, 2005, p.24. that architecture could address social and concrete has now been painted, the Memorial Water, Sewerage and Drainage Board Building 5 Geoffrey London. ‘Brutalism’. The Encyclopaedia of 5. Australian Architecture, Cambridge University Press, cultural problems and solve them with design. Hall retains the elements that Banham (McConnel, Smith and Johnson, 1966); 2011, p.110. Writing in the 1950s, Reyner Banham described in 1955. • the narrow lancet-like windows and partly 6 The notable exceptions were the dense Pythagorean maxims of Colin Madigan of Edwards, Madigan, Torzillo said that “The New Brutalism eludes precise cantilevered entrance porch roof of the and Briggs and the informal ‘Manifesto of Natural description, while remaining a living force The New South Wales approach Reader’s Digest Building (John James and Materialism’ developed by some of the architects in the NSW Government Architect’s Office. For ‘Natural 3 in contemporary British architecture.” With Associates, 1967); Materialism’, see Michael Bogle’s interview with Michael obligatory Le Corbusier references, Banham When formal Brutalist architecture began to • the excavated site and deeply recessed Dysart. 14 June 2011 (NSW AIA Heritage Officer files). 7 ‘Technical College’. Constructional Review, March, 1968, then offered an outline of brutalism’s appear in New South Wales in the 1960s, they horizontal strip windows of the Associated pp.14–17. principal design attributes. Drawing on the were expressions of new concrete building Chambers of Manufacturers of Australia 8 “[The Smithsons’] Robin Hood Gardens [housing commission] went down in history as an utter failure. built examples in 1955, Banham identifies methodologies and styles, rather than Building (Enrico Taglietti, 1968); It was horrifically vandalised by its residents and it several elements that were to remain Smithson-inspired philosophical expressions.6 • the panoply of louvres and ‘sun visors’ spelled the end of the designers’ international status as star architects. The Smithsons’ greatest mistake may 4. constant in later decades, and in particular, In 1968, a spokesperson for the NSW of the William Balmain Teachers College have been their exaggerated and possibly naïve confidence four defining characteristics of Brutalist Department of Public Works stated that (now the UTS campus, Kuring-gai) in the capacity of architecture to provide a solution to 1. & 4. The Masonic Centre in Sydney; the original podium architecture programs: “The natural finishes of [Brutalist] Hornsby (NSW Government Architect, 1971); and social problems.” Dirk van den Heuvel. ‘Recolonising the by Joseland, Gilling and Associates with T.W. Hodgson and Sons, Modern. Robin Hood Gardens today.’ In Architecture is 1978. Photos: Max Dupain. 2. Warringah Council Civic Centre 1. Formal, axial plans (a formal legibility Technical College were selected not because • the exaggerated projecting eaves and not made with the Brain. The Labour of Alison and Peter by EMTB embodies the complex geometries the practice became of plan); of any fashion for ‘brut’ concrete, but because reductive glazing of the windows of the Smithson. Architectural Association, 2005, pp.32-37. known for. Photo: Max Dupain. 3. & 5. The Reader’s Digest 9 Harry Howard. “Landscaping of the High Court building in Surry Hills by John James has a variety of finishes 2. An emphasis on basic structure (a clear years of school and college maintenance has Dixon Library, University of New England of Australia and the Australian National Gallery.” to its cavernous concrete volumes. Photos: John James. exhibition of structure); shown the Government Architect the value of (NSW Government Architect, 1973). Landscape Australia. March, August, 1982, pp.208-215.

10 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 11 6. Warringah Civic Centre (1970–1973) Dee Why Edwards, Concrete poetry Madigan, Torzillo and Briggs (EMTB) The Warringah Civic precinct, including the Warringah Civic Centre, and the A gallery of iconic and award-winning Sydney buildings from the 1960s to the 1980s. Warringah Library (1965–1966) was designed by Colin Madigan and Chris Kringas of Edwards, Madigan, Torzillo a funding freeze halted completion, 3. The Alexander Mackie and Briggs with landscape by Bruce the contract for which was let in April Born of a new post-World War II shift in architectural thinking towards recognition and conservation of these buildings, the NSW Chapter College of Advanced Education Mackenzie. The complex was built in (1975–1980) Oatley NSW 1978. The pit became an attractive th two stages, the first of which received the re-evaluating social concerns with urban responsibility, Brutalism evolved of the Institute, through its Register of 20 Century Buildings of lake that collects stormwater from the Government Architect Institute’s 1966 Sulman Award. Described surrounding area, and was described to combine new ethical concerns with aesthetic formalism. Its robust and Significance, is assisting the NSW Heritage Branch in compiling This college received a Merit Award from as “an outstanding example of both the in the 1980 Public Works Annual the Institute in 1980. Its design was the harmonious development of a rugged imposing buildings not only had an explicit structural expression, they nominations of significant modernist buildings — including those late Report as “a unique solution to the work of the NSW Government Architect, bushland site and the design of visually accommodation requirements of the were inventively designed for new uses in commercial and institutional modernist brutalist buildings — for inclusion on the State Heritage John Thompson, the principal architect, strong and dramatic structures”, the client on an ‘environmentally hostile’ Les Reedman, the project architect, impressive complex was built on a buildings. Australian Brutalism was wonderfully eclectic, with Register. Let’s hope taking the lead forges greater recognition of these site. The use of water as a landscape Colin Still and landscape architect Bruce sandstone shelf forming a ‘new Acropolis’ element and the inclusion of dramatic architectural influences extending beyond strict English Brutalism important and beautiful buildings beyond mere fashion. Mackenzie. Working drawings for the above the town centre. The complex is shadows on the building form reflect to encompass Le Corbusier and the Japanese Metabolist movement. college, which was to be erected within recognised by the Institute as having the influence of Mexican architecture a brick pit, were prepared in 1975. Site significance, though there have been on the project architect’s approach To date, there has been little if any comprehensive assessment of Glenn Harper works and the skeleton of the complex a number of redevelopment proposals to design. Photo: Max Dupain. significant brutalist buildings within New South Wales. To encourage Associate, Hassell were built between 1975–1977, however, in recent years. Photo: Max Dupain. 6.

1. Wentworth Union Building, University of Sydney (1968–1972, 1987, 1991–1992) Darlington Ancher Mortlock Woolley Ken Woolley, of Ancher Mortlock Woolley designed three student union buildings: Macquarie University, the University of Newcastle and the University of Sydney. At the time of construction there were still separate men and women unions at Sydney University, however, both contributed towards the cost of the new building. The Wentworth Union Building was described by Joseph Buch in a 2007 guide to the university’s architecture as “...the most sculptural of the University’s buildings”. 5. 7. Its design features “a deeply cantilevered 1. top floor with projecting sun hoods over 5. Reader’s Digest Building 7. University Union, Macquarie the expressed semicircular sun hood (1965–1967) Surry Hills John James University (1965) Ryde and recessed lower level, all punctuated Ancher Mortlock Woolley dramatically by its connection to the John James designed the Reader’s Digest overhead pedestrian bridge”. The Building to fit comfortably into its context, The choice of off-form concrete and the Wentworth Union Building received a jumble of warehouses and terraces. structural grid for this building were the 1972 Institute’s Merit Award. In 2003 James’s ‘philosophical opposition’ to set by the existing library building. The an international design competition, Brutalism is often quoted. He based his building is planned around an east-west carefully crafted designs on humanist ‘service and vertical access spine’ and Campus 2010, was held. One of the 3. outcomes of which was the reworking considerations, such as the framing of was intended to be extended. Lounges by John Wardle of the pedestrian bridge views. The facade rhythms were derived and galleries were to the south and larger connecting the Wentworth Union Building 4. Sirius Apartments from a naturally occurring sequence, volumes were to the north. The building to the main portion of the campus. (1976–1980) The Rocks Tao Gofers the Fibonacci sequence: the facade was forms one side of the main quadrangle Photo: Max Dupain. for the NSW Housing Commission designed to ‘grow out of the street in the of the university. A model of the imposing way of the renaissance palazzo.The roof structure was published and, later, In 1976, the Green Ban that had halted garden by Bruce Mackenzie is one of the photographs. “The Union Building the redevelopment plans of the Sydney first postwar examples, and was notable works outwards from its basic cuboid Cove Redevelopment Authority (SCRA) for the use of Australian plantings (with shape. Its strong forms and tough finishes was lifted to allow for the construction of exotics for colour) and sculptures by seem to express youth, non-conformity a substantial public housing block on a Douglas Annand. The composition was and impatience with formality [that] site occupied by Housing Board buildings described in the August 1968 edition of is the spirit of today’s university student.” 2. Sydney Masonic Centre (1974–1979) erected in 1913–1916 after the realignment Cross Section as “A mannerist relish (Cross Section, 1 May 1970). It was Joseland and Gilling of Cumberland Street. These bond stores, of junctions detailed with extraordinary not only the university buildings by Civic Tower (1999-2004) PTW warehouses and government office buildings ebullience and stairwells of hectic drama”. Le Corbusier in Europe and America had, in turn, replaced a series of sandstone The Sydney Masonic Centre was designed The Reader’s Digest building is arguably that were influential in this design, townhouses erected in the 1840s along in the early 1970s by the longstanding firm James’s most well-known work. the university buildings by Australian similar lines to London townhouses. A of architects Joseland and Gilling. Only Photo: Cross Section, 1 August 1968. architect John Andrews at Harvard, prototype for the Sirius Apartments the podium was initially erected; this was US, and in Canada, which departed from complex was built at Brighton Le Sands, completed in 1979. The intended tower was the traditional quadrangle form, were 4. and still survives. The carefully modulated added 30 years later to designs by Peddle also much admired. Photo: Cross block, inspired by Moshe Safdie’s Habitat 67 Thorp and Walker. The glass tower idea Section, 1 May 1970. Dr Noni Boyd. initially submitted by the developers, who in Montreal, Canada, contrasts with the had purchased the air rights, was scrapped public housing complex Greenway, on the in favour of a design that drew closely on other side of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, the initial proposal. Max Dupain’s designed by Morrow and Gordon and built photographs capture the qualities of the during 1948–1953.Photo: Courtesy Sydney foyer and exterior of the recently completed Harbour Foreshore Authority. first stage.P hoto: Patrick Bingham-Hall. 2.

12 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 13 2.

4.

1. Early drawing of Goldstein Hall showing the boarded form-work concrete. 2. Grand dining hall, Goldstein College. 3. Hall and courtyard with Bert Flugelman sculpture and original concrete plank paving 1. 3. (now gone). Photo: Peter Hall. 4. Kuring-gai’s internal avenue. Photo: Bruce Mackenzie. 5. Landscaping was integral to Kuring-gai’s plan. Photo: Max Dupain. 6. Early illustration shows Kuring-gai College as a citadel on the hill. 7. A stairwell detail shows the college’s vibrant palette. New Brutalism Photo: Bruce McKenzie. Peter Mould reflects on buildings that exemplified the prolific 5. 6. era of New Brutalism in the Government Architect’s Branch

Reyner Banham writing in The Architectural colleges, university buildings, and a suite of But its greatest strength is its response to decision as well as an ideological one, and the of structural primacy and regular planning. Much of our modern heritage has already Review (UK) on New Brutalism in 1955 government office buildings were constructed the site. The original design concept was for dense planting of the roof terraces helped to The composition is ordered but abstract, been lost, and more is under threat. The NSW described its qualities as having formal across the state. a close interaction between architecture and moderate the bulk of the building. These robust but romantic. Heritage Council now investigates projects legibility of plan, clear exhibition of structure, There were many works making strong landscape, with a desire to preserve as much terraces also encouraged a relationship from The associated residential buildings are for listing under themes: it is currently and valuation of materials for their inherent statements about the role and presence of of the natural vegetation as possible. Settled inside to outside. separated by courtyards, but linked by covered investigating Modernism as a theme and will, qualities ‘as found’. He goes on: “In the last government in local communities. Some were on a rocky outcrop above the Lane Cove walkways. They are simple, almost austere, over the next year, place on its Register (and resort what characterises the New Brutalism self-referential and oblivious to their setting, National Park, the college is staggered over An urban campus and reminiscent of Hall’s extension to the so help to protect) our important modernist in architecture as in painting is precisely its and were placed uncomfortably in their context. Registrar General’s building in the city, but heritage. brutality, its bloody-mindedness.” Some, however, were among the best Goldstein Hall was more urban. It was set the form of the hall is more expressive and For now Kuring-gai College, and the This Brutalism was adopted in Sydney examples of architecture of their era. Two among residential colleges on the north part sculpturally strong. The textured materials hall at Goldstein College, remain intact as and helped inform the movement that became that stand out are Kuring-gai College (1971-80) of the University of New South Wales campus give surprising warmth to the buildings. The fine examples of their type. Together with known as the Sydney School. This school was by David Don Turner and Goldstein Hall and follows the residential college tradition roughness of sawn timber simply stained, the many others of the idiom, these buildings a direct response to the local context and, (1962-64) by Peter Hall. They both use off-form of enclosed courtyards. J.M. Freeland in stripped board formed concrete and clinker well express Banham’s definition in their particularly, Sydney’s bushland setting. The concrete in a muscular way to give sculptural Architecture in Australia: a history wrote, bricks, and the earthiness of the quarry tiled formal legibility of plan, clear exhibition influences on it were many, and individual form and texture. Both use a limited palette and “Goldstein Hall had all the emotional feeling floor combine to give the space somberness of structure, and expression of the inherent strands evolved. Apart from the brutalist bring outside finishes inside, and both have of a great medieval hall, at the same time its and tranquility. It is an extremely confident qualities of materials. They are among the movement from England, other influences strong spatial qualities. They both also harness appearance was pure 1965.” building. best buildings of their time in Australia and were: Scandinavia, particularly the work of the strength of the Australian sun and use the 7. Off-form concrete blades and beams order stand well against overseas examples of the Alvar Aalto; the organic school exemplified contrast of shadows to enhance their modelling. the building and give formal expression. They Under threat New Brutalist style. by the work of Frank Lloyd Wright; and the Their settings are, however, strikingly different. five levels and its geometric forms visually frame the deeply articulated north facade with architecture of Asia, particularly Japan, which tie it to its setting. They step up the site its abstract composition of light and shade, the Today Kuring-gai College is owned by the Peter Mould was seen to be human, accessible and A college in the bush reinforcing the topography with the strength concrete set against the recessed and shaded University of Technology, Sydney and is the NSW Government Architect Emeritus sophisticated. and harmony of an evolved hilltop village. glass wall behind. To the east and west the subject of redevelopment proposals, and The 1960s and 1970s were prodigious Kuring-gai College’s strong, confident Landscape design by Bruce Mackenzie concrete blades extend the full height of the possible resale. The concrete of Goldstein Hall times in the office of the Government response to its brief is expressed by organising reinforces the relationship of the college to its building and create loggias at the ground and has been painted grey (to look like concrete?) Architect and buildings ranging across its program along an internal street, which setting, reflecting the Sydney School upper levels and provide sun screening to the and is being encroached upon by a larger college multiple types and uses were designed in the provides opportunity for informal meeting preoccupation of responding to the bush. The windows aligned with them. This simple development which will overshadow the manner of New Brutalism. Hospitals, police in spaces that vary in size and character while use of native species, capable of flourishing in device at once gives scale to the elevation and northern courtyard and pool. The residential stations, courthouses, schools, TAFE and CAE allowing exploration and surprise. the harsh environment, was a pragmatic order to the plan, a simple formal proposition buildings are scheduled for demolition.

14 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 15 Unfinished symphony?

Architect Michael Dysart sets the record straight about the social context and design innovations behind the ‘UTS tower’, and the grander scheme for this site that was never built. 1.

University of Technology, Sydney, Building 1 and zoning of the existing land adjacent to Evolving plans: the Tech Scheme 1962 proposal evolved, giving an open-ended, An essential component of the electrical So, for me, the integration of architecture Completed 1979, Government Architect’s Office Sydney Technical College (which had been loose-fit planning flexibility to the project that teaching methodology at the time involved and engineering was always a fundamental acquiring sites on this land on an ad hoc basis). Planning began in 1962 for the Department of allowed for incremental increases in plan form, wall-mounted equipment and driver in the design of NSWIT, and the It is interesting to revisit one of your buildings The State Planning Authority (SPA) was Technical Education on a Broadway site with including variable high-rise elements that could experimentation. This precluded windows adoption of advanced structural solutions after a 50–year interval and review whether rezoning the eastern portion of Harris Street a limited footprint between Harris and Jones be extended within the limits of lift capacity of at eye level for the majority of Building 1. It was expressive of the structure and services the inherent principles and values are still for educational purposes; the Sydney Markets Streets. Departments to be included were the various towers. It also allowed for lateral was pointed out that this was a short-sighted to the students studying these disciplines. relevant. The historical context of the were moving to Homebush, leaving their site Electrical, Mechanical and Structural multi-use flexibility of lecture rooms, which policy as building uses change over time, Equally, the mechanical and electrical University of Technology Sydney (UTS) vacant; and the proposed Western Distributor Engineering, with laboratories, workshops, could be made available to various disciplines. but the client was adamant. This was a major engineering components were integrated Building 1 at Broadway is important, but to was cutting a swathe through Ultimo lecture theatres and administration. The design principle was similar to factor in the form and facade methodology of and expressed where possible throughout the understand this building properly, it must generally. All this created enormous The design delineated five buildings from the Tech Scheme but on a much larger scale, the current UTS Building 1: a three-metre-high building. Nothing was to be concealed behind be viewed through an early–1960s lens. opportunity, with expectations to match. five to eight stories, over a two-level podium. encompassing bridges between towers and sky band beam with strip windows over. false ceilings, render or gyprock. There was a Two Federal Government education The ambitious master plan for Ultimo was It established a construction methodology that gardens. This proposal, while architecturally ruthless integrity in the practical application reviews took place in the early 1960s: the a diagrammatic outline of the site’s potential allowed the buildings to be built over a five-year exciting, did not find favour with the quantity Engineering of these issues throughout the complex. > 1961 Martin Committee (on the future of and was based on Sydney Technical College’s period. The fragmented and undulating facade surveyors who deemed it too expensive. tertiary education) and the subsequent Wark projected student enrolment of 60,000–70,000 was set back from the street allowing sunlight By way of personal background, I gained entry Committee in 1965. Both emphasised the need (which we at the Government Architect’s Office to penetrate to Broadway. The (present) 1966 Building 1 to an experimental secondary school in the “While this has for alternative educational streaming in parallel thought unrealistic given that the University of UK where normal schoolwork was confined to the existing university model, and advised Sydney had 23,000 students at the time). The Pinwheel Scheme 1964 It was becoming clear that the various to four days with a Ruskin-style trade/craft on been interpreted by that Federal Government funding should be The plan was to accommodate the future engineering departments of the NSWIT the fifth. The curriculum aim was to produce others as a Brutalist extended to these new entities, sometimes requirements of both the existing Sydney As the NSWIT was becoming established, wanted their own building identity, and future architects, engineers and builders with called Colleges of Advanced Education. Technical College and the proposed NSWIT changes in philosophy, and subsequent changes Electrical Engineering was given the first an emphasis on seamless integration and response, nothing The Wark Committee Report encouraged with integrated and shared common facilities to the architectural brief ­­— which in turn priority as the tenants of Building 1, the understanding of these three disciplines. could be further the renewal of existing inner-city sites, including across some 40 acres in this unique location. affected the scale of the project — were first of three engineering towers proposed Our school houses were named Adam, high-rise solutions that were close to urban The proposed master plan adopted the continual. To address this, a pinwheel planning for the Broadway site. Lutyens, Nash and Wren. from the truth.” transport. The location of the proposed New existing street typology and provided a model South Wales Institute of Technology (NSWIT), for progressive development as neighbouring sharing the site of the old Sydney Technical sites became available. It had the potential to College, was fortuitous as it was adjacent to elevate pedestrian/student movement one Central Railway, a major transport hub. level above the street/service zone, and create 1. The 1962 Tech Scheme involved a sequence of four buildings garden courtyards and quadrangles at the new distributed across the site, designating the Institute of Technology, Sydney Technical College, School of Business Studies, School of The Master Planning Report 1968 pedestrian level. The emphasis on permeability Catering, the Union Library and student accommodation. The and student movement throughout the site concept for this redevelopment was part of a NSW Government strategy to offer greater practice-focused tertiary education at a Most State Government Master Planning included proposed land bridges over Harris time of post-WWII optimism. The redevelopment of the 16-hectare reports are reactive. The Master Planning Street and Railway Square. Ultimo site was not only argued on the need for an increase of new and improved teaching facilities for advanced education but, more report prepared in May 1968 by the Government The master plan we prepared in 1968 importantly, as a symbol of new education. The high ideal of the Architect’s Office with the Sydney Technical was never intended to be an architecturally redevelopment, as stated in a 1968 joint publication by the GAB and the NSW Department of Technical Education, was for it to College came two years after the July 1966 definitive proposal, but a response to the “symbolise to the community the new significance of technical approval for the Stage 1 Tower (now known as ambitions of the client at the time (Sydney and advanced education in our time”. This was to be modified many times before building began. Photo of model: courtesy UTS Building 1), and had no bearing on Stage 1, Technical College and the NSW Institute Michael Dysart. 2. A sketch showing the integration of the atrium except for a certain hubris of the Sydney of Technology) and an attempt to draw / Student Union with the landscaped concourse to the north. Drawing: Michael Dysart. 3. By 1966 the plan was to have three Technical College expansionist philosophy. their attention to the physical consequence buildings of 13, 22 and 16 storeys with two basements and five However, master planning had become of a student enrolment of 70,000. podiums. Glenn Harper. Photo: Max Dupain. essential in order to define ownership, usage 2. 3.

16 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 17 While this has been interpreted by There was no consultation with me as the others as a brutalist response, nothing could building progressed, so a number of details be further from the truth. During my years and plans that were key to my original concept Under threat: Darling Harbour at the NSW Government Architect’s Branch were lost from what was eventually built. (GAB) (1955-69), I was fortunate to be part of Bicentennial Redevelopment Harry Rembert’s design room at a time when Atrium concept respect for materials and economy of means was a natural response to postwar austerity; Stage one of the NSWIT project was conceived that ethos included a questioning of slick as the social, administrative and ceremonial As part of Sydney’s Bicentennial From working precinct at Darling Harbour were to be demolished, modernism and, for that matter, ‘beton brut’. gateway of the new complex, however, in its Redevelopment Project, a study of the to leisure centre rather than adaptively re-used, despite a The NSWIT building was a celebration of restricted location it could never match the historical development of Darling Harbour number of them being of a scale and character The MSJ Group (McConnel Smith & integrated architectural engineering principles landscaped quadrangles of traditional was commissioned. The Maritime Services that would have made this possible. In the Johnson) was appointed as the Project and rigour; nothing more, nothing less. universities. Consequently the entry space Board had proposed its redevelopment in 1974, Darling Harbour Bicentennial Redevelopment Design Directorate, and a draft development was designed as a more contemporary urban however, this did not immediately proceed. Project, only the hydraulic pumping station strategy appeared in 1985, followed by design Tower alternative to the Oxbridge model: a dynamic In 1984 a conservation study coordinated by (owned by the Sydney & Suburban Hydraulic guidelines. A series of iconic new buildings atrium space housing the student union and the Special Projects Section of the NSW Power Company) and a truncated section of set within extensive landscaping and The irrevocable client decision on the Building providing a social meeting point for a mix of Government Architect’s Branch identified the Pyrmont Bridge were retained, along with pedestrian areas was proposed that would 1 facade band beams opened up an opportunity full-time, vocational and part-time students, the individual heritage items and made a buildings on the edge of the precinct, the completely change the use of the harbour to express these bands as structural elements many of whom would miss the traditional brief assessment of the items of cultural warehouses and market buildings lining from a working precinct to a recreational and reduce the forest of columns at podium university environment. significance. The report was placed under lock Sussex Street and the Shelbourne Hotel. The precinct. Preliminary reports regarding the level normally associated with a tower form. 4. The Student Union was to have all the and key by Laurie Brereton, then State Labor fruit and vegetable markets had been relocated major proposed new buildings, such as the As a consequence, the tower structure usual facilities but on a more sophisticated Minister for Public Works (1984–1987), and to Homebush in 1975, however, a number of Exhibition and Convention Centre, were was reduced to eight columns supporting This pan system was supported on and ambitious scale, including a number of was not circulated. the market buildings erected by the Municipal provided by the individual architects selected the post-stressed band beams cantilevering deep post-stressed beams at the stepped food outlets, bars and restaurants opening Initially the redevelopment was Council of Sydney survived. > by the Darling Harbour Authority through some 8 metres to the mitred corners of the podium edges, with bronze capping plates on to adjacent terraces and a green quadrangle coordinated by the Public Works Department. a process managed by head contractor, tower; these band beams, in turn, supported expressing the post-stressing capping to the north. A hidden oasis, this quadrangle Feasibility and transport studies were prepared Leighton Contractors. an exposed twin-T flooring system spanning plates and frequency. These advanced was planned with rainforest species and in 1983, followed by an Exhibition and back to the building core. This system was structural solutions for both the podium included extensive fountains acting as cooling Convention Centre market study in 1984. The alternated at each floor, providing a balanced and tower of Building 1 were intended to be towers for the air-conditioning plant, which master plan for the proposed redevelopment Out with the old pinwheel from core to external columns. It expressive of both structure and services to was all part of the expressed engineering was exhibited in the Parliament House, Sydney Under the redevelopment strategy, also provided column-free space within the the students studying within these disciplines. ethos. The Great Hall and function rooms in December 1984 and a new agency, the Darling the majority of existing buildings tower, which the client chose to partition with were also located to increase people Harbour Authority, was created to manage the masonry rather than lightweight alternatives. Materials interaction and movement, and reinforce process and the project. the importance of this entry atrium as the Podium By the 1960s the GAB had already experienced dynamic hub of the NSWIT. curtain-wall failures, leaving pre-cast as the Detailed planning of all these facilities and Capitalising on the spatial dynamic of the entry only realistic alternative for the NSWIT services formed part of the tender documents atrium, a minimum of columns was required to building. The industry pre-cast methodology but, in another disappointing outcome, the maintain uninterrupted spaces and flexibility at the time was to cast a 20-millimetre Student Union was comprehensively deleted at podium level. A post-stressed pre-cast ‘pan’ decorative layer, followed by the pouring of without any explanation as to why. system was adopted. This was an integrated the main structural form at a later stage. The It was amusing for me more recently to and sophisticated system providing seamless, panel was finally washed or acid etched for read the UTS Master Plan 2020 describing column-free spaces that allowed for inevitable an exposed aggregate finish. “the potential of the atrium as the ceremonial, changes over time. I made the decision to cast the pre-cast social and administrative heart of the as a through mix and avoid the potential of campus”: those were my exact words and delamination (concrete cancer failure). planning intent some 50 years ago. However, this meant the exposed aggregate colour was the same as the standard concrete Michael Dysart mix. I sourced and specified an appropriate Michael Dysart & Partners aggregate from a quarry in Grafton, the colour approximated a washed Sydney sandstone similar to Sydney Parliament House, however, 4. UTS Building 1, orphaned on Broadway. With its roughly it was not used, which was disappointing. stepped podium, and tower, the building has been the subject of countless proposed revisions. Photo: Glenn Harper. 5. The Although excavation for Building 1 GAB concept plan included pedestrian walkways and stepped had started while I was still with the GAB, podiums, defining courtyards and street edges, with connections to Central Station and Harris Street, and alignment to George construction was undertaken and completed Street and Broadway. 5. long after I had left to go into private practice.

18 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 19 Transport corridors Commanding Royal Engineer George Barney Selectively spared “The proposal to erect a new Entertainment Centre in the mid-1830s and constructed from locally Market Street serves as a reminder that quarried sandstone, the curved Iron Wharf in The fruit and vegetable markets fared a little that will be a ‘world class, iconic design, 6 Star Green Star’, Sydney’s food markets had long been located Darling Harbour was built in 1869–1875 to better, and selected elements have been is unlikely to be achievable if the environmental cost of in the heart of the city, and all of the meat, fish, designs by Edward Orpen Moriarty of the retained. Market buildings No.1 and No.2, demolition of the existing structures is included.” fruit and vegetables were delivered either via Public Works Department using both designed by the City Architect, are now home Pyrmont Bridge, the Darling Harbour Rail imported and colonial materials. The to Paddy’s Markets, with The Peak Apartments Yard, or unloaded at the series of nearby technologically advanced Iron Wharf was tower above. Another of the former market wharves. The Market Street approach to the constructed of imported lattice girders and buildings has been substantially reworked and Pyrmont Bridge was removed to allow for an employed concrete in the foundations and is now the University of Technology Building approach to the Sydney Harbour Bridge from hardwood for the decking. Similar 5. The former fish market was demolished. The the new Western Distributor. The remainder improvements were proposed for Circular temporary fruit market (later known as the of the bridge was conserved and returned to Quay, however, these did not go ahead. Corn Exchange) on the corner of Sussex and working order; however, modifications to the Once the Iron Wharf was completed, the Market Streets, designed by the City Architect significant fabric of the bridge were made so railway sidings were commenced. The series George McRae in 1887, now contains that the monorail could run above it. Salvaged of large curved goods sheds that followed the commercial office space, though some of the stone elements from the eastern approach curve of the wharf were demolished in the distinctive elements of its facade have been have been utilised in public parks and squares lead-up to the Bicentennial. The scale and removed. This building was erected so the old in Pyrmont. A pedestrian link was built from complexity of the public works undertaken city markets between George and York Streets Market Street up to the bridge deck. in New South Wales in the late 1860s, which could be demolished and a new market During the redevelopment, a section of included the large sandstone workshop and building — The Queen Victoria Building — the semicircular iron wharf was discovered. Part Fitzroy Dock on Cockatoo Island, the Iron erected. McRae designed both the temporary of this structure remains buried and is listed on Wharf in Darling Harbour, and Belmore Basin and the new permanent market building. Like 2. the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority’s in Wollongong, rivalled works being many of the multistorey warehouse buildings (SHFA) Heritage Conservation Register, undertaken in England. With the exception erected between Darling Harbour and Sydney another part was placed in the collection of the of the goods line, part of which is now utilised Cove, goods could be unloaded from vessels at industrial heart of Sydney. A pedestrian a new Entertainment Centre that will be Centre or the Convention Centre. In Powerhouse Museum, but has since, according by the city’s Light Rail, the entire Darling quay level, and then loaded on to trucks at the promenade on the curved embankment to a ‘world-class, iconic design, 6 Star Green contrast, the Chinese Gardens, which were to the heritage listing, been ‘scrapped’. Harbour Rail Yard, including the series of Sussex Street level. The pumphouse (the the head of the cove linked one end of the Star facility’, however, the rating is unlikely also a bicentennial project, have been listed. In contrast to the semicircular goods sheds used for wool, fruit and Sydney & Suburban Hydraulic Power Pyrmont Bridge to the other, continuing to be achievable if the environmental cost Perhaps protection for award-winning Circular Quay, which was designed by the refrigerated meat, was demolished. Company’s pumping station) near Dixon towards the new Sydney Aquarium. of demolishing the existing structures is designs, significant modern buildings and Street supplied hydraulic power for lifts and Philip Cox Richardson Taylor and Partners included. Following the construction of designed landscapes could be built into wool presses in the warehouses and markets (now Cox Architecture) received the Sulman the new SMCEC, the Sydney Entertainment planning schemes and considered in all throughout the city. In the conversion of the Award for the Sydney Exhibition Centre in Centre site will be released for development. government agency Section 170 registers. pumphouse to a pub (the Pumphouse) in 1975, 1989. Woodward’s spiral water feature (one of What will be the fate of the existing elements indicating the original use of the his most loved works), received the Walter Convention Centre and Exhibition Centre if Dr Noni Boyd building were retained, as was the name. Burley Griffin Award for Urban Design in 1992, a new, larger facility is built beside them? John NSW Chapter Heritage Officer having won a National Award for Landscape Andrews’s two other major works in Sydney In with the new Architecture Civic Design the previous year. have both been altered (including the Sulman Award-winning American Express building on During the bicentennial redevelopment a Already out of fashion? the corner of King and George Streets) and his number of iconic structures were erected original design intention severely compromised. including: the Australian National Maritime Proposals have already been submitted for The lack of protection for award-winning Museum and the Sydney Exhibition Centre a new Sydney Multifunctional Convention modern architecture is currently highlighted (both designed by Cox Richardson Taylor); and Entertainment Centre (SMCEC). The by the case of the Sulman Award-winning the Sydney Convention Centre designed by Preliminary Environmental Assessment Goldstein Hall, at the University of New John Andrews International (with later Report (March 2011) notes that there are South Wales, which is in the process of additions by Ancher, Mortlock Woolley); heritage items on and in the vicinity of being demolished. 1. and the Harbourside complex (which was the site, but makes no mention of the more Will this also be the fate of the award- Previous page: The Sydney Exhibition Centre by Cox Richardson Taylor, with the urban stream by MSJ Group. Photo: Patrick based on a similar example at Baltimore in the recent award-winning buildings by the winning components of the various Bingham-Hall, courtesy Cox Architecture. 2. March 1986 Master Plan, courtesy MSJ Group. 3. The Exhibition Centre seen in its US). Extensive landscaping works were also internationally renowned architects Philip bicentennial redevelopment projects in broader context as part of an urban precinct. Photo: Patrick Bingham-Hall, courtesy Cox Architecture. undertaken, including the circular Tumbalong Cox and John Andrews or the landscaping Sydney? While a number of the structures Park and the surrounding urban stream by by MSJ Group. The preliminary environmental within the area formerly managed by the MSJ Group, the connecting Darling Walk, assessment also makes no mention of the Darling Harbour Authority (now managed by and the spiral fountain (designed by the late much loved fountains that are an integral SHFA) are listed on the government agency’s Robert Woodward in 1988) outside the Sydney part of the precinct. Section 170 Register, the register (as available Convention Centre. A walled Chinese Garden The preliminary Environmental Impact online) does not include recent items such as was built on a site that had once been the Statement (EIS) notes the proposal is to erect the Spiral Water Feature, the Exhibition

20 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 21 heritage committee

Branch’s ‘Designing for the Modern World’ Anne’s encyclopedic knowledge of detrimental alterations to the internal Supporting this, the template’s definition of theme, the Committee hopes to nominate 20 architectural history and conservation practice configuration of a house designed by Henry ‘heritage item’ limits the listing to ‘the location The year buildings to the NSW State Heritage Register in New South Wales will be much missed at the Epstein and the removal of its Paul Kafka and nature of which is described in Schedule 5’. to strengthen recognition of the state’s 20th Institute. She will continue to make a positive built-in furniture. The NSW Department of Planning’s practice that was century heritage. contribution to the Heritage Committee. The Willoughby LEP heritage schedule note (PN 11-001) requires that the name of each The year also saw the retirement of Anne In 2012 the Committee welcomed Dr Noni did not specify the interior, but the council’s item include a brief description of those things Higham who has been engaged by the Institute Boyd as Anne’s successor at the Institute as its heritage inventory report had been upgraded that are part of the heritage significance of the The Institute’s NSW Chapter Heritage since 2002 as the Chapter Heritage Architect. Heritage Officer. Noni has over 20 years’ to include an assessment of the interior and item, including any interior features. One Committee had a busy year in 2011. The Anne’s architectural career spans over 40 years experience in heritage architectural practice recommendations for its conservation. example given is ‘Buckle House (former) Committee was active in its expansion of the with particularly energetic involvement in in New South Wales, Norfolk Island and New Assessed under Willoughby LEP 1995, the (street facade, awning, part interior)’. 20th Century Register of Significant Buildings, conservation practice in New South Wales. Zealand, and has worked with the Sydney council was able to consider the impacts of Earlier versions of the template’s contributed to the Institute’s CPD program After graduating in 1970 she worked for Collard, Cove Redevelopment Authority and the the proposed development on the heritage definition of a heritage item offered greater including the June ‘Design in Context’ Clarke & Jackson Architects, then Bruce Government Architect’s Office. significance of the local heritage item by flexibility by including the provision for the session, and coordinated the Rickard & Partners and Philip Cox & The Heritage Committee currently has referring to its own inventory report. Under mapping of the entire site and by providing the ‘Sustainable Heritage’ edition Partners, before joining the Public 15 members, all of whom participate on a recent changes to the state planning system, option for the item to be specified in further of Architecture Bulletin. Works Department in 1986. voluntary basis, and two officers in attendance the success at 40 Findlay Avenue may not be detail in councils’ heritage inventory reports, The Committee’s working Her practice extended across from the Institute (Noni Boyd and Murray replicated without identification of the interior giving councils the flexibility to upgrade the group also progressed the all aspects of architectural design, Brown). The Committee meets monthly at on the local council’s heritage schedule. information on its heritage inventories Institute’s upcoming ‘Alterations including schools, office buildings, Tusculum and is seeking to expand its On 31 March 2006, the NSW Government whenever information came to light. The 2. and Additions’ publication, a sports and recreation buildings, seniors’ membership. Those interested in joining the gazetted the Standard Instrument (Local latest version of the template requires a guideline document for building owners housing, commercial and industrial buildings, committee should contact Noni Boyd at the Environmental Plans) Order that prescribed legislative amendment to Schedule 5 to alter and design professionals to promote high- shopping centres, interior design and, notably, Institute to register interest, on 9246 4006. a standard format and content for local the description of an item. quality design and building conservation. This heritage conservation. With particular environmental plans, with 42 mandatory clauses The latest version puts the onus on the is the final in a series of three publications expertise in the conservation of Sydney aimed at improving clarity and consistency. consent authority to nominate where interiors jointly prepared with the NSW Heritage sandstone, Anne was a coordinator on the Interiors under threat are significant, yet many interiors are only Branch on infill development and adaptive PWD’s stonework program and lectured identifiable by access with the owner’s re-use, and, pending funding, it is hoped to on the topic at The University of Sydney and A recent landmark ruling sees permission, which is usually only possible if be completed this year. the University of Technology, Sydney. Her the protection of modernist a development application has been lodged. Since late last year the Committee has contribution to professional practice has been The potential interaction of the compulsory 3. been prioritising potential nominations of recognised by awards too numerous to mention interiors heading in the right clauses and the dictionary definitions is yet to significant Modernist places to the NSW State from 1970 to the present. In 2010 Anne was direction, though the battle is be tested and will raise a number of questions: • Is the removal of a staircase a structural Heritage Register. As part of the Heritage awarded a Life Fellowship of the Institute. far from over, reports the NSW • How crucial will the Schedule 5 description change? Chapter Heritage Committee. be in the assessment process? Fortunately, the nature of the standard • Will the role of a Heritage Assessment or LEP template is such that future changes Conservation Management Plan in the to the compulsory clauses could be made, The interiors of heritage items, if carefully assessment of a development application be and the Department is giving further protected and conserved, reveal invaluable limited to those parts of the item described? consideration of submissions advocating information about the past, including social • To what extent do significant components change. structures, taste and attitudes, and the of an interior need to be specified for their availability of natural and technological protection to be upheld by the Land and Resources The Standard Instrument (Principal Local Environmental Plan) resources. Environment Court? is available at http://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au (Search for ‘EPIs’ While protection for interiors of more • How can complex interiors be succinctly ‘in force’ with ‘Standard Instrument’ in ‘Title’.) decorative or picturesque architectural styles described? For information about the Standard Instrument go to http://www. th planning.nsw.gov.au/LocalPlanning/tabid/246/language/en-US/ of the early 20 century and preceding periods • What purpose will the heritage inventory Default.aspx have acquired increased community support 1. reports play in identifying interiors not For the Department of Planning Practice Note PN 11-001 visit with the passage of time, modernist interiors of described? http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=7bV7 WbOVGJw%3D&tabid=247&language=en-US the mid to late 20th century remain undervalued; The latest version of the Standard • How are the terms ‘altering’ and ‘changes’ overlooked because of their simple understated Instrument (LEP) has implications for the to be interpreted without a definition of design, economic use of materials and emphasis protection of interiors of local heritage items these words in the template? on honest functional expression. and moveable heritage. Section 5.10 ‘Heritage • To what level can the term ‘making changes The successful protection of a modernist conservation’ is compulsory. Clause 5.10(2)(b) to its detail, fabric, finish or appearance’ 1., 2., 3. Reported as being under threat in the May–June 2010 residential interior at 40 Findlay Avenue, limits the need for a development application prevent loss of components within an Heritage edition of Architecture Bulletin, the Paul Kafka Roseville on Sydney’s North Shore last year for alterations to the interiors of heritage interior such as applied finishes, fixtures built-in furniture inside Henry Epstein’s 1948 Hillman House Portrait: Anne Higham retired from the NSW Chapter in December 2011. One of her favourite projects while with the Department of Public has been given a reprieve with Willoughby Council refusing Works was Dawes Point (Tarra) Park (above). Combining her conservation and landscape architecture skills, Anne provided the specialist established a positive precedent for the items, to structural changes, or to any part of and hardware? an application for interior alterations that affected the work, advice for the conservation of the old sandstone battery. Designed in association with the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority, Dawes Point conservation of modernist buildings and the interior that is specified in Schedule 5, • How is ‘structural change’ to be interpreted? affirming the important relationship between many modernist (Tarra) Park won the 2002 Lloyd Rees Award for Civic Design. The jury noted: “The success of the project lies in its seamless interweaving architects and furniture designers. Photos: Lindy Kerr and of archeology, conservation and interpretive reconstruction to form a new civic precinct of unique urban character in Australia.” their interiors. In June 2010, Willoughby City this being the key location for the heritage • Is the removal of a chimney breast and its Ray Joyce, courtesy Historic Houses Trust. Council refused an application that proposed schedule in the standard instrument. supporting flue a structural change?

22 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 23 book review

This mighty volume begins with an out the necessarily brief overview. It is titled introductory ‘Rationale and Structure’, which ‘Making Place’, but there is only a passing clearly positions the work: the encyclopedia study of the Indigenous approaches to place, is not a history, nor a ‘technical handbook and to the European efforts at colonisation, or dictionary’, but a collection of entries on intriguingly referred to as an ‘Enlightenment various subjects linked only by their location Project’, a topic that has had too little study in, or direct relationship with, Australia. and is fundamental to an understanding of It sets a position, too, for the entries: the development of the various Australian they are deliberately focused on architects colonies. This essay concludes with an overview and firms, “as the biographies and output of of Federation Square, the architecture of which, architects and firms have been instrumental in the editors’ view, “represents a new maturity in the development of architecture in Australia” in understanding the place” (p.xxxvi ), and thus The Encyclopedia of (p.xix). This is not the entirety of the subject the publication of The Encyclopedia of Australian Australian Architecture matter of the entries: there is also a wide range Architecture can mark “that point of mature Editors Philip Goad and Julie Willis on more general topics from Aboriginal departure” (p.xxxvi). Predictions of future Publisher Cambridge University Press architecture to Zoological Gardens: on a very maturity have a habit of falling flat, but perhaps RRP $150 Members $135 select range of building types and materials; this new understanding of climate and place, www.architext.com.au and even on a few very influential individual and the role of our unique Aboriginal culture, buildings such as Parliament House Canberra will genuinely lead us to a more mature and SHARE OFFICE When Quality Matters... More than five years in the and the Sydney Opera House. Long entries considerate architecture. FOR LEASE Model-Tech 3D making, The Encyclopedia cover the architecture of particular states The introduction acknowledges the only NEUTRAL BAY specialises in the highest quality models for and regions, though not of cities. Entries on other widely published overview of Australian • Corben Architects has spare office space of Australian Architecture presentation, marketing practitioners are limited to those whose work architecture: John Maxwell (Max) Freeland’s for lease is the most ambitious work and DA. We utilise began before 2000, although more recent Architecture in Australia: A History (Cheshire, • Up to 5 work stations and 4 person advanced techniques, of its kind ever completed in projects by these practitioners are listed and 1968). Through its multiple authorship, The conference available colour and texture Australia, bringing together illustrated, so the work is relatively current. Encyclopedia of Australian Architecture avoids • Modern ground floor, open plan office matching, and a Extensive and clear cross-referencing the selectivity and bias that was so annoying with quality fitout computer controlled cutting system to ensure our models are clean, precise and more than 225 architectural enables many paths to be followed, thus stories in Freeland’s book, although, with the passing • Shared reception and 20 person conference room available Advertise in visually exciting. To view our portfolio of writers, critics, academics are built up as sequences of facts, leaving the of time (and of the author), this aspect now completed projects or discuss your options and historians, with over reader to flesh out many of the connections in seems endearing, especially in light of this • Fully equipped kitchen with commercial and possibilities, please call Russell Pearse. expresso machine architecture 1,000 indexed entries, time, place and production, in style and politics. new and truly comprehensive reference work. In this lies much of the work’s charm: every time Contributors are not indexed, which is • 2 large format printers, 2 copiers, 2 bulletin MODEL-TECH 3D and 500 photographs I look up something in particular, I wind up a pity. The list is long, and it would be good printers, fax, library etc T: 02 9246 4055 Level 6 / 2 Foveaux Street and drawings. browsing six or seven other entries, linking to be able to link the entries as a kind of • Rental $220-250/week/workstation inc all costs depending on number E: [email protected] Surry Hills NSW 2010 aspects of Australian architecture in new cross-reference of the interests and critical T: 02 9281 2711 F: 02 9212 5556 • Underground carparking available ways, finding familiar people and work, and stance of the contributors themselves, E: [email protected] discovering new ones. There are some nice as their ‘voices’ differ significantly. • Contact Pennie on 99041844 www.modeltech3d.com.au alphabetical adjacencies: ‘J.J Clark’, the architect Given the enormity of this undertaking, of what Andrew Dodd calls “arguably Australia’s various minor factual errors are easily finest classical building” (p.150), is followed forgiven, especially as I could find no real by ‘Classical Tradition’; ‘Digital Technology’ omissions in the list of entries. At last we can precedes ‘DIY (Do-It-Yourself)’; while Jim define our own architecture, its breadth and and Joan Kerr and Philip and Louise Cox are many facets, its major flow in parallel with that reunited in print. The thread of cross-references of the world beyond, its endearing dead ends, leads the reader across the country and over the its successes and failures. The publication is entire period of its occupation. worthwhile in print rather than as an online The book’s no-nonsense design reflects its database: with a sound editorial policy, the authoritative aim of endurance rather than a process of selection and prioritisation ensures fashionable polemic. The 500 illustrations are that the relative importance of the subjects not really enough for this reader, and there are of entries can be communicated through very few plans, but the mix of recent and a hierarchy of knowledge, without the risk :KEF:D>KL historic photos, perspective drawings and a few that Pamela Anderson can appear more cartoons is well chosen and comprehensive. prominent than Hannah Arendt or Marie Editors Philip Goad and Julie Willis Curie1 . An indispensible resource. precede the alphabetical series of entries with Lm^o^Fhle^rFZmmL\hmmKh[?ehp^kl 1. Web 2.0: Amateur Hour or Mass-ive Knowledge? A debate with Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales and author Andrew an ‘Outline History of Australian Architecture’, Peter Tonkin iahg^32./.-.*1 Keen, Commonwealth Club San Francisco, 28 Feb 2008. full of references to individual entries to flesh Tonkin Zulaikha Greer Architects ^fZbe3lr]g^r9fh]^e\kZ_m'\hf'Zn ppp'fh]^e\kZ_m'\hf'Zn 24 Architecture Bulletin March / April 2012 STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � STYLE � STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � STYLE � STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � STYLE � STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � STYLE � STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � STYLE � STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � STYLE � STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � 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STYLE � STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � STYLE � STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � STYLE � STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � STYLE � STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � STYLE � STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � STYLE � STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � STYLE � STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � STYLE � STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � STYLE � STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � STYLE � STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � STYLE � STRENGTH � DURABILITY � STYLE � ARCHITECTURE � INNOVATION � EFFICIENCY � COMFORT � 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