Central Sydney Planning Committee (CSPC)
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ATTACHMENT E ATTACHMENT E HERITAGE INVENTORY SHEETS ATTACHMENT E SHI Number City of Sydney Heritage Database 2421509 Heritage Inventory Report Item Name: Albion Street Heritage Streetscape (HS1) Location: Address: Albion Street DUAP Region: Sydney South Suburb / Nearest Town: Surry Hills 2010 Historic region: Sydney Local Govt Area: Sydney City Parish: State: NSW County: Other/Former Names: Area/Group/Complex: Refer to Description field for inventory sheets within this Group ID: 1 Heritage Streetscape Aboriginal Area: Curtilage/Boundary: Mary St to Flinders St. Item Type: Group: Urban Area Category: Streetscape Owner: Admin Codes: 2.99 & 2.130 Code 2: Code 3: South Sydney Current Use: Former Uses: Assessed Significance: Local Endorsed Significance: Statement of One of the earliest residential districts of Sydney being first settled by John Palmer in 1793, Significance: the area grew rapidly after 1850. The streetscape illustrates the developmental overlays that followed the incremental subdivision of Surry Hills major estates, including the Nichols & Brooks subdivisions, the Riley Estate, Fosterville and the Albion Estate. The streetscape is associated with important colonists, John Palmer, Edward Riley. The streetscape is significant for its fine early historic terraces. Rows of terraces have high aesthetic values deriving from their harmonious scale, form and setbacks, evocative of the mid late Victorian period. Historical Notes The "Eora people" was the name given to the coastal Aborigines around Sydney. Central or Provenance: Sydney is therefore often referred to as "Eora Country". Within the City of Sydney local government area, the traditional owners are the Cadigal and Wangal bands of the Eora. There is no written record of the name of the language spoken and currently there are debates as whether the coastal peoples spoke a separate language "Eora" or whether this was actually a dialect of the Dharug language. Remnant bushland in places like Blackwattle Bay retain elements of traditional plant, bird and animal life, including fish and rock oysters. With the invasion of the Sydney region, the Cadigal and Wangal people were decimated but there are descendants still living in Sydney today. All cities include many immigrants in their population. Aboriginal people from across the state have been attracted to suburbs such as Pyrmont, Balmain, Rozelle, Glebe and Redfern since the 1930s. Changes in government legislation in the 1960s provided freedom of movement enabling more Aboriginal people to choose to live in Sydney. State Heritage Inventory Date: 14/02/2008 Full Report Page 1 This report was produced using State Heritage Inventory database software provided by the Heritage Office of New South Wales. ATTACHMENT E SHI Number City of Sydney Heritage Database 2421509 Heritage Inventory Report Item Name: Albion Street Heritage Streetscape (HS1) Location: (Information sourced from Anita Heiss, "Aboriginal People and Place", Barani: Indigenous History of Sydney City http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/barani ) The streetscape crosses part of the original grant to the first Surry Hills landowner – Captain Joseph Foveaux, who was assigned 105 acres in 1793 and subsequently increased his holdings to encompass most of Surry Hills. Land to the east of Riley Street was first distributed in the area through a grant to John Palmer in 1794 and was known as George Farm. The area was first utilised for horticultural activities. By 1800, John Palmer - farmer and grazier, had acquired more than 200 acres of Fouveaux’ Surry Hills Farm and have become Commissary General. By 1814, Palmer had fallen into financial trouble and lost his position in the colony, resulting in his estate being divided and sold at public auction. Edward Riley attempted to reassemble the Palmer Estate during the 1820s, although after his suicide in 1825 the holdings were once again subdivided according to Meehan’s original plan and sold to the public. The economic boom of the 1830s acted as the necessary catalyst for residential development in Surry Hills with the original allotments being initially subdivided into villa estates. With much of the Riley Estate still locked up in a legal battle, the early development in Surry Hills focused on the lands around Albion and Bourke Streets. During the 1830s and 1840s the area was subdivided into villa estates that were highly fashionable amongst the gentry class. The ridge areas around Bourke Street and Albion Street were popular among the reasonably well off and offered sweeping views towards Botany Bay. In 1831 and 1833 respectively, the Brooks and Nichols subdivisions, at the height of Albion Street, went up for sale. Durham Hall, a two storey Colonial Georgian house, was built on the Nichols subdivision for George Hill in 1835 and is believed to be Surry Hills’ oldest house. Colonial Georgian terrace houses in Albion Street date from early 1840s. Albion Street originally terminated at Hutchinson Street but was extended through to Flinders Street in the early twentieth century. Samuel Terry purchased three lots at the 1814 sale of John Palmer’s land and constructed the Albion Brewery on Elizabeth Street near Eddy Avenue. John Terry Hughes took over the brewery in 1828, residing at Albion House. The depression of the 1840s resulted in the collapse of Hughes' fortunes. Albion House was retained in the 1870s subdivision of the Albion Estate, south of Albion Street between Elizabeth Street and Waterloo Street. The Riley Estate remained undeveloped until the 1840s due to a legal dispute regarding the Riley Estate following Edward Riley's death. The area was subdivided into villa estates from the 1840s. From 1850 to 1890 a major surge of development occurred in Surry Hills. The 1860s and 1870s saw the decline of the gentry class and the rise of mechanics, artisans and shopkeepers. The working class character of development of the Forestville and Riley Estate is evident in surviving building stock. The rapid development of housing was not preceded with the implementation of basic amenities and sanitation problems became widespread. The infamous Frog Hollow precinct at the corner of Albion and Riley Streets accessed by Hearns Stairs was to become one of the most enduring and despised slums in Sydney. State Heritage Inventory Date: 14/02/2008 Full Report Page 2 This report was produced using State Heritage Inventory database software provided by the Heritage Office of New South Wales. ATTACHMENT E SHI Number City of Sydney Heritage Database 2421509 Heritage Inventory Report Item Name: Albion Street Heritage Streetscape (HS1) Location: The rapid population growth created a need for public services. In 1872, the Argyle School was opened at Arthursleigh in Albion Street, or “Doctor’s Row”, and operated until it closed in 1912. The Albion Street Public School built in 1894-95 to the design of NSW Schools’ Architect, W.E. Kemp, is a fine example of a ‘simple classic’ style in public architecture. The Albion Street Children’s Court is a fine, prominently sited Federation Academic Classical style Courthouse designed by NSW Government Architect, W.L. Vernon in 1911. Defective housing, disease, poor social conditions and the desire to create better access to the new Central station led to substantial changes in the Surry Hills area in the 1920s and 1930s. Development in the area focused on residential slum clearance in favour of the construction of factories, commercial premises and street extensions. Devonshire Street was extended from Crown Street to Bourke Street and factories established around it. However, in the late 1930s the City Council sought to halve the erosion of the city's housing stock by declaring large areas of Surry Hills, East Sydney and Woolloomooloo to be residential districts, prohibiting within them any new factories or the conversion of dwellings to industrial or commercial purposes. After World War II development returned to a residential focus with the influx of European and Middle Eastern migrants. By 1970 70% of children attending Bourke Street public school were migrants or the children of migrants. From the late 1970s until the present, the area has been heavily influenced by the gentrification process with an influx of upwardly mobile residents. The newer residents are politically vocal and many local amenity improvements can be attributed to their actions. The gentrification of the area has seen house prices rise dramatically, displacing many traditional residents and resulting in a major change in the areas social dynamics. Themes: National Theme State Theme Local Theme 4. Settlement Accommodation (Housing) (none) 4. Settlement Land tenure (none) 4. Settlement Towns, suburbs and village (none) 6. Educating Education (none) 7. Governing Law and order (none) Designer: Maker / Builder: Year Started: Year Completed: Circa: No Physical Description: Refer to inventory sheets 2420080, 2420081, 2420082, 2420165, 2420166, 2420365, 2420367, 2420382, 2420421, 2420422, 2420423, 2420424, 2420425, 2420426, 2421201 The topography is generally sloping with a steep gradient.The streetscape slopes steeply State Heritage Inventory Date: 14/02/2008 Full Report Page 3 This report was produced using State Heritage Inventory database software provided by the Heritage Office of New South Wales. ATTACHMENT E SHI Number City of Sydney Heritage Database 2421509 Heritage Inventory Report Item Name: Albion Street Heritage Streetscape (HS1) Location: down to Central Station from Riley Street east end and is terminated by the railway