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The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ethiopian Roads Authority THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY onsultancy Services for Feasibility and EIA study Public Disclosure Authorized of ANKOBER - AWASHARBA JUNCTION ROAD E2054 PROJECT VOL. 1 Public Disclosure Authorized EiA Volume I - Find Public Disclosure Authorized EIA Report March 2009 Public Disclosure Authorized (1 h 'j %. t d 'j 9 .W.~.I.v I v-m IIJI?tg SABA ENGINEERING PRlvart ~l~lrtoCDMPANY I Ankober-Aliyu Arnba-Dulecha-Awash Arba Junction Final EIA Report I TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIKIIONS AND ACRONYMS ..............................................................vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1.I Introduction and Background 1 1.2 Project Description 1 1.3 Description of Baseline Conditions 1.3.1 Physical Environment 1.3.2 Biological Environment 1.3.3 Archaeological, Cultural and Historical Sites 1.4 National Parks and other Protected Areas 4 Environmental lmpacts and Mitigation Measures lmpacts on Physical Environment lmpacts on Biological Environment lmpacts on Archaeological and Historical Sites lmpacts of Induced Development Environmental Mitigation Measures Environmental Management Plan Environmental Monitoring Plan Cost of Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring 1.6 Policy and Legal Framework 1.6.1 National Policy and Legal Framework 1.6.2 World Bank's Safeguard Policies 1.7 Conclusion and Recommendations 8 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 10 2.1 General 10 2.2 Project Background 10 2.3 Objective of the Consultancy Services 10 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 12 3.1 National Environmental Policies and Strategies 3.1 .I The Constitution of FDRE 3.1.2 Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE) 3.1.3 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia 3.1.4 Sectoral Policies 3.1.5 Land Tenure Environmental Framework Legislation 15 Proclamation on Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs 15 Proclamation on Environmental Impact Assessment 15 Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control 15 Proclamation on Expropriation of Land Holdings and Payment of Compensation 15 Proclamation on Rural Land Administration and Land Use 16 Proclamation on Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage 16 Proclamation on Forest Development, Conservation and Utilization 17 i"\riirrjnr!r-Aliyu Amba-C)u!echa-Amash Arba Junction F:inrtl EiA Report II 3.2.8 Proclamation on Development, Conservation and Utilization of Wildlife 17 3.2.9 Proclamation on Ethiopian Water Resources Management 18 3.3 EIA Guidelines 3.3.1 EPA's Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines 3.3.2 ERA'S Environmental Procedure Manual 3.4 Administrative and Institutional Framework 3.4.1 Federal and Regional Administration 3.4.2 Environmental Protection Authority 3.4.3 Environmental Protection Unit 3.4.4 Regional Environmental Agency 3.4.5 Ethiopian Roads Authority 3.5 Multilateral Agreements 23 3.6 The World Bank's Safeguard Policies 3.6.1 OPIBP 4.01 Environmental Assessment (EA) 3.6.2 OPlBP 4.1 1Physical Cultural Resources 3.6.3 OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 2 5 4.1 General 25 4.2 Description of Alternatives 25 4.3 Comparison of Alternatives and the Recommended Alignment 26 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 3 5 5.1 General 35 5.2 Environmental Impact Assessment Study 5.2.1 Scoping of Environmental Issues 5.2.2 Review of Policy Documents and Previous Studies 5.2.3 Field Surveys and Public Consultations DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING CONDITIONS 39 6.1 Physical Environment 6.1 .I Topography and Relief 6.1.2 Climate 6.1.3 Drainage and Water Resources 6.1.4 Geology 6.1.5 Soils and Soil Erosion 6.1.6 Land Use and Land Cover 6.2 Biological Environment 6.2.1 Vegetation and Flora 6.2.2 Wildlife and Protected Areas 6.3 Archaeological, Cultural And Historical Sites 52 PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDERS CONSULATIONS 57 7.1 General 57 7.2 Major Current Problems 57 Ankober-Aliyu Arnba-Dulecha-Awash Arba Junction Final EIA Report III 7.3 Potential Impacts 58 7.4 Recommendations for the Preferred Route Alignment 58 7.5 Social Acceptability of the Proposed Road Project 59 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING AND COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES 60 8.1 Scoping 60 8.2 Environmental lmpacts of Alternatives 8.2.1 lmpacts on Land Resources 8.2.2 lmpacts on Water Resources 8.2.3 lmpacts on Air Quality 8.2.4 lmpacts on Vegetation and Wildlife 8.2.5 lmpacts on Cultural Heritage Sites 8.2.6 Overall Comparison of the Alternatives KEY IMPACTS OF SELECTED ALTERNATIVE AND MITIGATION MEASURES 65 9.1 lmpacts on Physical Environment 9.1 .I lmpacts on Land Resources 9.1.2 lmpacts on Slope Stability and Landscape Quality 9.1.3 lmpacts on Water Resources 9.1.4 lmpacts on Air Quality 9.2 lmpacts on Biological Environment 9.2.1 lmpacts on Vegetation 9.2.2 lmpacts on Wildlife 9.3 Impacts on Archaeological and Historical Sites 72 9.4 Other Potential Impactsllssues 9.4.1 lmpacts of Quarries, Access Roads and Campsites 9.4.2 Road and Traftic Safety 9.4.3 lmpacts of Induced Development ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 78 10.1 General 78 10.2 Details of Environmental Management Plan 78 10.3 Institutional Requirements and Responsibility 9 1 10.4 Factors Considered in Engineering Design and Environmental Clauses 91 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 93 11.I General Considerations 93 11.2 Project Monitoring Phases 1 1.2.1 Pre-construction Period Monitoring 1 1.2.2 Construction Period Monitoring 1 1.2.3 Post-construction Phase Monitoring 1 1.3 Environmental Monitoring Actions 98 1 1.4 Institutional Arrangements for Environmental Monitoring 102 Artkober-Aliyu ArnSa-Dulecha-Awash Arba Junction F:~naiEIA Renort 11.5 Training Weeds and Institutional Strengthening 102 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION, MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING COSTS104 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDKI'IONS 106 13.1 Conclusion 106 13.2 Recommendations 13.3 Public Disclosure of the EIA Report 14 REFERENCES APPENDICES Appendix 1 : List of Consulted Persons Appendix 2: Minutes of Public Consultations Appendix 3: Scoping Table Appendix 4: Photographs Fi%'.~ic%~LTD l!J A:;S(.>(:IAT01 [>!I1 t-1 SARA EM:;~NE[.~~~N:; Ankober-Aliyu Amba-Dulecha-Awash Arba Junct~orl Flnal EIA Re~ort List of Abbreviations and Acronyms AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials AIV RS Amhara National Regional State APR Annual Progress Reports ARCCH Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage B-CRS Benefit-Cost Ratios CBO Community Based Organizations CSA Central Statistics Authority CSE Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia CW I Community and Woreda Intervention DSD Double Surface Dressing ECA Ethiopian Customs Authority EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMB Environmental Management Branch of ERA EMP Environmental Management Plan EMSB Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch EPA Environmental Protection Authority EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia EMP Environmental Management Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPDP Ethiopia's Present Development Plan ERA Ethiopian Road Authority ESAL Equivalent Standard Axel Load EWNHS Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society EWDCA Ethiopian Wildlife Development and Conservation Authority EWCO Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Organization FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia FYRRS First-Year Rate of Returns GB Granular Base GDP Gross Domestic Product GPS Global Positioning System GS Granular Subbase HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries HIVIAIDS Human Immune Virus IAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome IBA Important Bird Area IMT Intermediate Mode of Transport LRF Load And Resistance Factor MOA 1 Ministry of Agriculture1 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural MoARD Development MT Motorised Traffic IVAS Network Analysis Study hlDF Nordic Development Fund NGO Non-Governmental Organizations NMT Non Motorised Traffic NPV Net Present Value NTI Non-Transport Invention PAP Project Affected Persons PASDEP Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty RAP Resettlement Action Plan RB Bituminous Road Base Allkober-Al~yuArnba-Dulecha-Awash Arba Junct~on F~naltlA Report VIII ROW Right of Way RRA Rural Roads Authorities RSA Regional State of Afar RSDP Road Sector Development Program RTA Road Transport Authority SDPRP Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program SEP Site Environmental Plans SIA Social Impact Assessment -1-1 Transport Intervention VOC Vehicle Operating Costs VPT Value of Passenger Time WED Woreda Environment Desk Ankober-Allyu Amha-Dulect>a-AwnshArba Junct~on F~nalEIA Repori I 1.1 Introduction and Background The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) has obtained a credit from the Nordic Development Fund (NDF) towards the cost of Consultancy Service for the Feasibility Study, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document Preparation for Ankober - Aliyu Amba - Awash Arba Junction Road Project. The Consultancy Service for the said activities was signed between ERA and Finnroad in association with SABA Engineering in July 2006. This report covers the EIA study of the proposed road project. This EIA examines the potential environmental impacts of three alternative routes - A, B and C - which were identified and analysed in the Feasibility and EIA studies. Based on the findings of this assessment, the EIA report recommends alternative B to be implemented under APL4. 1.2 Project Description The proposed Ankober - Aliyu Amba - Awash Arba Junction road, which runs along the ancient camel-caravan traders' road from the old Red Sea ports to the Christian "Abyssinian" highlands, is located in the Amhara and Afar Regional States, in the eastern central part of Ethiopia. The proposed road starts at the town of Ankober, and ends at Awash Arba Junction on the Addis - Djibouti trunk road. As a road along the ancient trade route, it has great potential not only in social & economic development, but also for potential tourism development and its importance has been recognized for decades. The existing road on average has 6m carriage width, and only the first 14.5km and the last 7.5km sections are engineered gravel roads, while the rest sections are just earth tracks. In addition, only the first 14.5km was provided with cross drainage structures and short side drains for some subsections only except a steel bridge over Awash River at 65km.
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