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Akutan, St, Paul, and St — Ocs study MMS 86–0034 — U.S. Department of the Interior Technical Report — Number I 18 — — Social and Economic Studies Program Sponsor: Minerals Management Service Alaska Outer — Continental ‘l!!!. ..Y2LAX. Shelf Region — — — _ A Description of the Socioeconomic and Socbxdturai - SyStemS of the Aleutian-FW3ih3f Islands Region. I. INTRODUCTION PURPOSE STUDY This description of the sociocultural and socioeconomic systems of the A1eutian/Pribilof Islands region is designed to provide updated information on — the structure and organization of sociocultural and socioeconomic systems operating in the St. George Basin region. The study, sponsored by the Minerals Management Service (MMS) under the Social and Economic Studies Program, presents a general discussion of regional economic elements of the Aleutian/Pribilof Islands area and a more comprehensive analysis of local socioeconomic and sociocultural systems in the communities of Akutan, St, Paul, and St. George. Changes and trends within the sociocultural and socioeconomic structures of these communities identified during fieldwork and a review of secondary data sources are presented in this report to assist in future analyses of the impacts of Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) oil and gas activities in the St. George Basin (Sale 101). The study was conducted by Stephen R. Braund and Associates (SRB&A) in conjunction with four subcontractors. The subcontractors and their primary research focuses were: Resourc Econ (commercial fishing and processing), Patrick Burden and Associates (public and private sector economies), the Social Research Institute (sociocultural systems on the Pribilof Islands), and Kirkwood and Associates (land use, housing, community facilities, and background information for the Pribilof Islands). Four primary study objectives defined the scope of this project: 1) identification of the socioeconomic and sociocultural systems sensitive to change resulting from outer continental shelf oil and gas exploration, development, and production activities; ● 2) descriptive overviews of the social, cultural, and economic systems active at the community level in Akutan, St. Paul, and St. George; 3) collection and analysis of current data on socioeconomic conditions existing at the regional level; and 4) description of the sociocultural context within which the local and regional socioeconomic systems operate. 1-1 ● — As discussed above, a major focus of this report is to update existing socioeconomic and sociocultural data on the individual study communities and I the economic data for the region as a whole. Following the methodological — I discussion in Chapter 11, a profile of the regional economy is presented in I Chapter III. Chapters IV, V, and W present village level economic and I sociocultural data for the communities of Akutan, St. Paul, and St. George, I respectively. ‘1 STUDY AREA — The Aleutian /Pribilof Islands region is comprised of a small number of — relatively isolated communities scattered over a large area. In an effort to .m create an updated regional analysis of sociocultural and socioeconomic systems 1 relevant to the St. George Basin, the IMMS defined the study area as the I Pribilof Island communities of St. Paul and St. George and the Aleutian Islands - , region west of Unimak Pass, with specific attention to the community of Akutan. i The physical characteristics of the study area have had a major influence on the economic and cultural systems that operate in the region. The Aleutian - , Islands, a chain of more than 100 major volcanic islands separating the North Pacific from the Bering Sea, extends westward from Unimak Pass for over 1000 miles. The tectonic activity that formed the Aleutian Islands continues to . shape the chain, as evidenced by active volcanoes and frequent seismic activity - , in the region. The Aleutian Islands are the crest of a submerged mountain : system that rises between the Aleutian Trench on the south and the Aleutian w Basin to the north. The Pribilof Islands, located approximately 800 air miles . southwest of Anchorage and 200 miles north of the Aleutian chain in the Bering ‘- Sea, are also of volcanic origin. The maritime climate is dominated by overcast skies and heavy precipitation. Thus, the Aleutian and Pribilof islands, rugged land formations surrounded by challenging waters, are only sparsely settled. The few communities on these islands are some of the most ● isolated in North America. The marine environment is the focus of both economic and cultural activity in s the region. AH of the communities in the study area are located along the ~ , i 1-2 — — LIST FIGURES 4- I Akutan Population Composition 1980. 4-7 4-2 Land Ownership Patterns Prior to 1,959, Akutan Vicinity. 4-32 4-3 ANCSA Land Selection Boundaries, Akutan . 4-33 4-4 Land Ownership Patterns, Akutan Vicinity, 1985. 4-35 4-5 Land Ownership Patterns, Akutan, 1985 . , . 4-36 4-6 Land Use Patterns, Akutan, 1985 4-39 4-7 Commercial Land Use Patterns, Vic~n~ty. of Akutanl 1’985.. : : j 1 4-41 4-8 Tideland Leases and Water Rights, Vicinity of Akutan, 1985. 4-42 4-9 Akutan Housing, 1985 . 4-49 4-1o Akutan, 1985 . 4-53 4-11 Subsistence Use Areas, Akutan, 1985 4-95 4-12 Marine Mammal Concentration Areas, Aku.tan Vi~init~, .1985’ . : ; : 4-97 — 5-1 St. Paul Island Population Composition, 1985. 5-8 5-2 Regulatory Areas for the Pacific Halibut Fishery . 5-26 5-3 St. Paul Island Municipal and District Boundary . 5-47 5-4 St. Paul Village . 5-49 5-5 St. Paul Development Corridor . 5-50 5-6 St. Paul Existing Land Use. 5-51 5-7 St. Paul Potential Land Use . 5-66 5-8 St. Paul Island Generalized Land Ownership . , . 5-77 5-9 St. Paul Community Facilities 5-87 6-1 St. George Population Compostion:1980 . R ~ J : 1 ; ~ I 1 I 1 I I 6-4 6-2 Generalized Existing Land Use, St. George, 1985 . 6-33 6-3 Zapadni Harbor Conceptual Plan 6-36 6-4 Generalized Land Ownership, St. Geo~ge. I~land, ~985 “ . ~ 1 : j : J 6-45 6-5 Generalized Land Ownership, St. George, 1985. 6-46 6-6 Community Facilities, St. George, 1985. 6-53 ● ● xv KEY TO ACRONYMS AA Alcoholics Anonymous ADCRA Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs ADEC Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation ADF&G Alaska Department of Fish and Game ADNR Alaska Department of Natural Resources ADOL Alaska Department of Labor ADOT/PF Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities AFDC Aid to Families with Dependent Children AHA Aleutian Housing Authority ANA Administration for Native Americans ANCSA Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act ANILCA Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act APA Alaska Power Authority ‘1 A/PIA Aleutian/Pribilof Islands Association i ATV All-terrain vehicle —.— . BIA Bureau of Indian Affairs I H CFEC Commercial Fisheries Entry Commission ■ CHA Community Health Aide n CHR Community Health Representative Cos-r Continental Offshore Stratigraphic Test I CRSA Coastal Resource Service Area — CZM Coastal Zone Management 1 EMS Emergency Medical Service EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FTE Full-time equivalent FY Fiscal year HUD Housing and Urban Development Icc Indian Claims Commission IHS Indian Health Service IPHC International Pacific Halibut Commission ■ IRA Indian Reorganization Act JOM Johnson O’Malley Program MMs Minerals Management Service MFCMA Magnuson Fisheries Conservation Management Act NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NPFMC North Pacific Fisheries Management Council Ocs Outer Continental Shelf OEDP Overall Economic Development Plan OMB Office of Management and Budget 0S1 Offshore Systems, Inc. PHS Public Health Service ■ ■ PISD Pribilof Islands School District ✎ Poss Pribilof Offshore Support Services — REAA Regional Education Attendance Area SGI St. George International SRB&A Stephen R. Braund & Associates TDX Tanadgusix Corporation . USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service Uss United States Survey — UTA United Tribes of Alaska VHF Very High Frequency VPSO Village Public Safety Officer xvi LIST OF TABLES Number Title m 3-1 1983 Regional Employment and Wages Aleutian Islands Census Area . 3-6 3-2 The Relative Ranking of Dutch Harbor Compared with Other Fishing Ports in the Nation . 3-9 3-3 Comparison of Total Gross Earning; aid Gross Earnings of Alaska Residents in the Fisheries of Alaska, 1977-1982 . 3-10 — 3-4 Resident/Non-resident Comparison of Fisheries Employment in Alaska, 1977- 1982 . ...3-11 3-5 King Crab Catch & Value in 1982 by Fishermen’s Area of Residency 3-13 3-6 Proc~ssing Jobs and Wages Paid Within the Unalaska Subarea 1980to 1984 . 3-15 3-7 Fish Production and Value in 1984 for Floating and Shore-Based — — Processing Companies in Dutch Harbor and the Aleutians . 3-20 3-8 Fish Production and Value in 1983 for Floating and Shore-Based Processing Companies in Dutch Harbor and the Aleutians . 3-21 3-9 Alaskan Joint Ventures, 1978 to 1985 . 3-24 3-1o Unalaska Area Regional Economy. 3-27 3-11 Pribilof Islands Regional Economy . , . 3-28 — 3-12 Bering Sea OCS Operational Employment . 3-31 3-13 Population of Selected Aleutian Communities . 3-38 3-14 Births and Deaths, Selected Aleutian Communities . 3-40 3-15 Population by Race, Selected Aleutian Communities . 3-41 3-16 Population by Age and Sex, Selected Aleutian Communities . 3-42 3-17 Ed-ucational Att~inment in ‘Selected A1eutian/Pribilof Communities. 3-43 —. 4-1 Akutan Population Overview . 4-2 4-2 Akutan Net Migration of Resident Population . 4-3 4-3 Akutan Births and Deaths . ...4-4 4-4 Akutan Population Composition . 4-6 4-5 Educational Attainment in Akutan, 1980. 4-8 4-6 Commercial Fishermen in Akutan, 1977-1982. : : 1 1 I R 1 t u 1 H . 4-12 — 4-7 Resident Employment in the Community of Akutan. 4-16 4-8 Akutan Private Sector Summary . 4-18 4-9 Akutan Public Sector Summary . , . 4-25 4-1o Average Monthly Household Expenditures in Akutan .
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