Uma História De Extermínio Transfóbico No Brasil: a Disputa De Nomeação Do Assassinato Da Travesti Dandara Katheryn

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Uma História De Extermínio Transfóbico No Brasil: a Disputa De Nomeação Do Assassinato Da Travesti Dandara Katheryn Universidade de Brasília Centro de Estudos Avançados Multidisciplinares Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direitos Humanos e Cidadania Uma história de extermínio transfóbico no Brasil: a disputa de nomeação do assassinato da travesti Dandara Katheryn Anderson Cavichioli Brasília 2019 ANDERSON CAVICHIOLI Uma história de extermínio transfóbico no Brasil: a disputa de nomeação do assassinato da travesti Dandara Katheryn Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direitos Humanos e Cidadania da Universidade de Brasília como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de mestre em Direitos Humanos e Cidadania. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Debora Diniz Brasília 2019 ANDERSON CAVICHIOLI Uma história de extermínio transfóbico no Brasil: a disputa de nomeação do assassinato da travesti Dandara Katheryn Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direitos Humanos e Cidadania da Universidade de Brasília como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de mestre em Direitos Humanos e Cidadania. O candidato foi considerado ________ pela banca examinadora em __ de agosto de 2019. _______________________________________________________________________ Professora Doutora Debora Diniz (orientadora) Centro de Estudos Avançados Multidisciplinares – Universidade de Brasília __________________________________________________________________ Professora Doutora Luciana Brito (membro externo) Departamento de Serviço Social – Universidade de Brasília Anis-Instituto de Bioética ___________________________________________________________________ Professor Doutor Wanderson Flor (membro interno) Centro de Estudos Avançados Multidisciplinares – Universidade de Brasília ___________________________________________________________________ Professor Doutor Rogério Diniz Nogueira (membro suplente) Centro de Estudos Avançados Multidisciplinares – Universidade de Brasília Ao amigo Isaac Falcão, in memoriam. À Dandara Katheryn, a mulher de nome bonito, in memoriam. Agradecimentos À professora Debora Diniz, pela inspiração. Aos professores e professoras do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direitos Humanos da Universidade de Brasília, por tudo que aprendi. À Matilha, por tornar o caminho da escrita menos solitário. À amiga Daisy Marques, por abrir a porta de uma nova percepção de mundo. Ao Dr. Hélio Leitão, por compartilhar o ideal de defesa de direitos humanos. Ao Dr. Marcus Renan e família, pelo acolhimento. Aos ativistas cearenses, pelas lições de perseverança. Ao Grupo de Resistência Asa Branca, por estar ao lado das pessoas mais vulnerabilizadas. A Ricardo e dona Francisca, novos e queridos amigos. A Sayonara N. B. Nogueira, pela gentileza na revisão do texto. Aos policiais cearenses, pelo empenho, apesar das adversidades. A todas as pessoas LGBT, que resistem. Às travestis brasileiras, pela luta. À minha família e amigos, pelo apoio. À Christian, por não desistir. Resumo Este trabalho busca compreender os significados sobre a disputa de nomeação do assassinato da travesti cearense Dandara Katheryn, ocorrido em 15 de fevereiro de 2017, em Fortaleza-CE. O processo judicial de apuração do crime teve centralidade na análise, por servir de substrato para o antagonismo de versões narrativas que buscaram nominar a morte de Dandara, negando ou afirmando a motivação transfóbica do fato. Procuro mapear outras fontes de informação para compreender o significado dessa disputa narrativa. Para além da disputa jurídico-penal, a história de um assassinato revelou os mecanismos pelos quais opera a necropolítica, como política de cálculos sobre a vida. O caso estudado sugere como a apuração do assassinato de Dandara sofreu a interferência de fatores anômalos que a desviaram da impunidade como destino usual de outras histórias semelhantes. Busco observar o que há na negação da transfobia como determinante para a morte de Dandara. A questão levantada é a de que o discurso cisheteronormativo, como organização historicamente específica da linguagem, produz a subjetivação abjeta de corpos dissidentes da matriz cisgnênera e heterossexual de inteligibilidade, promovendo marginalização, precarização e desumanização, pressupostos para o processo de higienização social que vitima as pessoas LGBT no Brasil, em especial, transexuais e travestis. A pesquisa possibilitou constatar que no feixo interligado de relações entre a disciplina do corpo e a regulação das populações, dois polos em torno dos quais se desenvolveu a organização dos saberes-poderes sobre a vida, opera a necropolítica pelo acionamento da tecnologia oculta do extermínio. Palavras-chave: LGBTfobia. Transfobia. Transexual. Travesti. Gênero. Queer. Violência. Motivação transfóbica. Extermínio. Biopoder. Biopolítica. Necropolítica. Abstract This paper aims to understand the meanings related to the nomination dispute regarding the murder of the transvestite Dandara Katheryn, which took place on February 15, 2017, in Fortaleza-CE. The crime investigation’s judicial process was central to the analysis, as it served as basis for the antagonistic narrative versions that sought to name Dandara's death, denying or affirming the transphobic motivation of the fact. I seek to map other sources of information in order to understand the meaning of this narrative dispute. Beyond the criminal-legal dispute, the story of a murder revealed the mechanisms by which necropolitics operates as a life calculating policy. The studied case suggests that the investigation of Dandara's murder suffered the interference of anomalous factors that swerved it away from the impunity that constitutes the usual fate of other similar stories. I seek to observe what in the denial of transphobia operates as a determinant for Dandara’s death. The point raised is that cisheteronormative discourse, as a historically specific language organization, produces the abject subjectivation of bodies that divert from the cisgender and heterosexual matrix of intelligibility, promoting marginalization, precarization and dehumanization – all premises for the social hygiene process that victimizes LGBT people in Brazil, notably transsexuals and transvestites. The research made it possible to ascertain that in the interconnected bundle of relations established between the discipline of the body and the regulation of populations, the two poles around which the knowledge-power concerning life has been organized, necropolitics operates by activating the hidden technology of extermination. Keywords: LGBTFOBIA. Transphobia. Transsexual. Tranvesti. Genderqueer. Violence. Transphobic motivation. Extermination. Biopower. Biopolitics. Necropolitics. Sumário Prólogo..................................................................................................................................... 01 Um. O luto, a pesquisa e a esperança ................................................................................... 07 1.1 O mapeamento das fontes de informações ..........................................................................08 1.2 A pesquisa no arquivo e a pergunta de pesquisa.................................................................. 11 1.3 O percurso metodológico.................................................................................................... 13 1.3.1 A observação e a análise etnográfica ............................................................................... 15 1.3.2 As entrevistas................................................................................................................... 19 Dois. A construção histórico-discursiva da abjeção ............................................................ 20 2.1 Estudos queer e o tensionamento das categorias identidade, gênero e minorias...................21 2.2 Pecado, crime e doença ...................................................................................................... 27 2.3 Biopoder, biopolítica, sexo e sexualidade ........................................................................... 34 Três. Necropolítica, as travessias do corpo e a importância de nomear um fenômeno..... 44 3.1 Necropolítica e transnecropolítica...................................................................................... 45 3.2 Dandara era? ...................................................................................................................... 55 3.3 A importância de nomear um fenômeno.............................................................................. 64 Discussão geral ........................................................................................................................74 Posfácio ....................................................................................................................................78 Referências bibliográficas ......................................................................................................83 1 Prólogo “A travesti é uma ilha arrodeada de violências por todos os lados”.1 Em 17 de maio de 2018 estiveram em Brasília a mãe e o irmão da travesti cearense Dandara Katheryn, assassinada em 15 de fevereiro de 2017. Vieram para a audiência pública na Comissão de Direitos Humanos e Minorias da Câmara dos Deputados. Em pauta, o projeto de lei Dandara.2 Foi um reencontro, pois os conheci pessoalmente poucos meses antes, durante a pesquisa de campo em Fortaleza, capital do estado do Ceará. A mãe, em uma das entrevistas de aproximação do campo. O irmão, durante o julgamento dos acusados do assassinato. Após a audiência, estivemos no espaço dedicado à memória de Dandara, no Jardim Marina Garlen,
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