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Home , Battle of Edington, Battle of Hastings, Battle of Stamford (894), Battle of Stamford (918), Harald Hardrada, Normans

Anglo- ()

Timeline 410 497 575 586 597 757 793 871 1016 1066 Romans left The kingdom The kingdom The Kingdom St Augustine Offa King of Mer- at- Alfred the Canute the Battle of Britain leaving it of is of of is introduces cia declares him- tack Lindis- Great Great rules as defeat the unguarded formed was formed formed self King of Eng- farne rules first Viking Saxons land

Key Vocabulary General Knowledge 70m long embroidered cloth depicting the events lead- ing up to the . Where did the Anglo-Saxons come from? A monastery in where Vikings first The Romans left Britain in 410 due to fierce tribes attacking and every landed and attacked from . soldier was needed back at home to defend the country. Without an army of A decorated Anglo-Saxon bronze helmet excavated Sutton Hoo helmet its own, it left the country vulnerable to attackers. The Anglo-Saxons came in1939 buried around 625. from , Netherlands and northern across the North Sea in Famous Figures wooden boats. The conquered England but failed to conquer , King Offa (c730-796) and Cornwall (an area of south-west England). King of Mercia, and of most of England in the mid-8th Century. Histori- The Vikings ans regard him as the most powerful Anglo-Saxon king until Alfred the The Anglo-Saxons were under constant attack from Vikings who travelled Great. from Scandinavia and invaded towns and villages in Wales, Scotland, England King (849-899) and the , finally conquering (Jorvik) in 866. They finally de- Fought the Vikings and defeated them in the (878) feated the Anglo-Saxons as the Normans () from and thus made an agreement with them (). He was known for () invaded and won the in 1066. The Normans in improving the standard of living, legal and military systems as well as France were originally Vikings from Scandinavia! education.

Danelaw Lindisfarne (England) The Vikings (England)

Timeline 700 789 793 865 866 876 886 1014 1066 The Viking First record- Viking raid Viking army capture Vikings from Denmark, King Alfred defeats King Canute Battle of Has- Age begins ed Viking on Lindis- from Denmark York (Jorvik) and set- the Vikings / Allows (Cnut) of Den- tings / William I attack farne invades Eng- tle permanently in Eng- them to settle in East mark King of King of England land land England England Key Vocabulary General Knowledge Famous Figures Invaders (885-954) Danelaw An area of land ruled by the Vikings where they The Vikings wanted new land because the plac- Eric Bloodaxe was king of the Viking kingdom of settled from York down to the east of England. es where they came from in Scandinavia Jorvik between 947-948 and 952-954. Jorvik was helmet Helmets were made from iron with a bowl and (Norway, Sweden and Denmark), it was hard a large Viking kingdom around York. He was the nose guard and leather within. They did not have to grow crops, which meant there was a food last King of York who was driven out in 954. The horns! shortage as the population got bigger. Britain Vikings in England then agreed to be ruled by the long boat Long, narrow ships that could travel fast, in shal- and Europe had plenty of good farmland, so king of England rather than having their own low waters for incredibly long distances. the Vikings tried to claim the land. king. shield Wooden, circular and painted (often red and Viking King Canute (990-1035) white). Often their only defence (armour was They fought using long and . A Canute was the first Viking king of England, rul- expensive). good was handed down from father to ing from 1016-1035. He won a battle against Brave warriors were believed to go to Valhalla in son, but Vikings also buried weapons with their Edmund II that divided their kingdoms, but when the afterlife – a great hall, feasting alongside owner when he died. They did not wear much Edmund died Canute ruled both kingdoms. His Odin. armour. Some chieftains wore chain mail coats, sons, and then Hardicanute, but most relied on a round wooden shield for ruled until 1042. Fun Fact protection. (c.1015-1066) believed that Odin, the god of war, gave them Some Viking warriors went into battle wearing Harald Hardrada was the king of Norway. He led superhuman powers and that they didn't need to wear battle ar- wolf or bear skins. These warriors were called Viking armies into England but was defeated at mour for protection. ‘berserkers’ because they went ‘berserk’ (out of the Bridge in York by King control) and charged fearlessly into battle. Harold II.

Scandinavia England Key Vocabulary The Normans chain flexible armour consisting mail of small metal rings linked together Timeline invasion invading a country or re- January 1066 September 1066 October 1066 December 1066 Normandy gion with an armed force Edward the Confes- Battle of Stamford King Harold killed in ’s sor dies and Harold Bridge between Anglo- Battle of Hastings crowned at Westmin- Witan advisers who wanted Har- II becomes king Saxons and Vikings making William of ster as King old to be king Normandy king William I

General Knowledge Famous Figures Who Were the Normans? Three Possible Kings The Normans that invaded England in 1066 came from Normandy in Northern France. They were originally The throne was not inherited but was given to someone powerful when Edward Vikings from Scandinavia who terrorized European coastlines with raids and plundering. French King, died. There were three possible kings hoping to be crowned. , had given some land in the North of France to a Viking chief named . He hoped by - promised throne by English leaders giving the Vikings their own land in France they would stop attacking other French regions. The land be- Harald Hardrada - thought his family had been promised the throne by a previous came known as Northmannia, the land of the Northmen. It was later shortened to Normandy. King. The William, - said that Edward has promised him the throne be- Currently displayed in Normandy in France. this 70m long woollen yarn has 72 pictures of different events fore he died. during the Norman invasion, and it was made in eight strips that were joined together. It begins with scenes about Anglo-Saxon King Edward the Confessor, and ends with the death of King Harold in the Battle Harold Godwinson defeated Harald Hardrada at the Battle of Stamford Bridge and of Hastings. heard news that William, Duke of Normandy, had invaded Southern England. Knights and Soldiers Harold marched south and the two armies met near Hastings on 14th October The invasion was so successful, largely because the Norman Knights were highly skilled. They rode on 1066. William was victorious and was crowned King of England. horseback and held a strong spear () under their arms. Knights trained from a young age, started as William, Duke of Normandy (c.1028-1087) pages, to squires and then to a Knight. Usually known as William the Conqueror, he was the first Norman King of Eng- land after his invasion from Normandy in 1066. Question 1. Start of unit. End of unit. Question 5. Start of unit. End of unit. Who were the Anglo-Saxons under con- Where did the Normans come from? stant attack from? France Romans Scandinavia Vikings England Normans Germany

Question 2. Start of unit. End of unit. When did the Vikings age begin? Question 6. Start of unit. End of unit. 500AD Who did William defeat at the Battle of Hastings? 600AD Edward the Confessor 700AD Harald Hardrada 800AD Eric Bloodaxe

Harold Godwinson

Question 3. Start of unit. End of unit. Why did the Vikings want new land? Question 7. Start of unit. End of unit. To be the most powerful people in When was the Battle of Hastings? Europe. 410AD To use it for war. 793AD To use it to grow crops. 1066AD

1084AD

Question 4. Start of unit. End of unit. What did most Viking warriors go in to Question 8. Start of unit. End of unit. battle wearing? On What depicts the events leading up to Wolf or bear skin. the Battle of Hastings? Chain mail. Viking long ship

Their ordinary clothes and a wooden Bayeux Tapestry shield. Magna Carter