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Freenas® 11.0 User Guide

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FreeNAS® 11.0 User Guide

June 2017 Edition

FreeNAS® is © 2011-2017 iXsystems FreeNAS® and the FreeNAS® logo are registered trademarks of iXsystems FreeBSD® is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation Written by users of the FreeNAS® network-attached storage operating system. Version 11.0 Copyright © 2011-2017 iXsystems (https://www.ixsystems.com/)
CONTENTS
Welcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Typographic Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12

12
Introduction

3

3455678
1.1 New Features in 11.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Hardware Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.1 RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.2 The Operating System Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.3 Storage Disks and Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.4 Network Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 Getting Started with ZFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Installing and Upgrading

9

  • 9
  • 2.1 Getting FreeNAS® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2 Preparing the Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.1 On FreeBSD or Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.2.2 On Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2.3 On OS X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3 Performing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.4 Installation Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.5 Upgrading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.5.1 Caveats: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.5.2 Initial Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.5.3 Upgrading Using the ISO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.5.4 Upgrading From the GUI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.5.5 If Something Goes Wrong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.5.6 Upgrading a ZFS Pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.6 Virtualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.6.1 VirtualBox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.6.2 VMware ESXi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

  • 3
  • Booting

42

3.1 Obtaining an IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3.2 Logging In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.3 Initial Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

45
Account

46

4.1 Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 4.2 Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

System

53

5.1 Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

i

5.2 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 5.3 Boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.3.1 Mirroring the Boot Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5.4 Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5.4.1 Autotune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5.5 Email . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 5.6 System Dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 5.7 Tunables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 5.8 Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
5.8.1 Preparing for Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 5.8.2 Updates and Trains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 5.8.3 Checking for Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 5.8.4 Applying Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 5.8.5 Manual Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
5.9 Alert Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
5.9.1 How it Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
5.10 CAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 5.11 Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 5.12 Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

67
Tasks

82

6.1 Cron Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 6.2 Init/Shutdown Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 6.3 Rsync Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6.3.1 Rsync Module Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 6.3.2 Rsync over SSH Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
6.4 S.M.A.R.T. Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Network

94

7.1 Global Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 7.2 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 7.3 IPMI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 7.4 Link Aggregations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
7.4.1 LACP, MPIO, NFS, and ESXi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 7.4.2 Creating a Link Aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
7.5 Network Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 7.6 Static Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 7.7 VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

  • 8
  • Storage

107

8.1 Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
8.1.1 Volume Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Manual Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Extending a ZFS Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
8.1.2 Change Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 8.1.3 Create Dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Deduplication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
8.1.4 Create zvol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 8.1.5 Import Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 8.1.6 Import Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Importing an Encrypted Pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
8.1.7 View Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

ii

8.1.8 View Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Managing Encrypted Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
8.1.9 View Multipaths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 8.1.10 Replacing a Failed Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Replacing an Encrypted Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Removing a Log or Cache Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
8.1.11 Replacing Drives to Grow a ZFS Pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
8.2 Periodic Snapshot Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 8.3 Replication Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
8.3.1 Examples: Common Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Alpha (Source) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Beta (Destination) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

8.3.2 Example: FreeNAS® to FreeNAS® Semi-Automatic Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 8.3.3 Example: FreeNAS® to FreeNAS® or Other Systems, Manual Setup . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Encryption Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
8.3.4 Replication Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 8.3.5 Replication Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 8.3.6 Limiting Replication Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 8.3.7 Troubleshooting Replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
SSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Manual Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
8.4 Scrubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 8.5 Snapshots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 8.6 VMware-Snapshot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

  • 9
  • Directory Services

150

9.1 Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
9.1.1 Troubleshooting Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 9.1.2 If the System Will not Join the Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
9.2 LDAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 9.3 NIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 9.4 NT4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 9.5 Kerberos Realms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 9.6 Kerberos Keytabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 9.7 Kerberos Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

10 Sharing

164

10.1 Apple (AFP) Shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
10.1.1 Creating AFP Guest Shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

10.1.2 Creating Authenticated and Time Machine Shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

10.2 Unix (NFS) Shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
10.2.1 Example Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 10.2.2 Connecting to the Share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
From BSD or Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 From Microsoft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 From Mac OS X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
10.2.3 Troubleshooting NFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
10.3 WebDAV Shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 10.4 Windows (SMB) Shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
10.4.1 Configuring Unauthenticated Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

10.4.2 Configuring Authenticated Access Without a Domain Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

10.4.3 Configuring Shadow Copies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
10.5 Block (iSCSI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

iii

10.5.1 Target Global Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 10.5.2 Portals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 10.5.3 Initiators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 10.5.4 Authorized Accesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 10.5.5 Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 10.5.6 Extents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 10.5.7 Target/Extents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 10.5.8 Connecting to iSCSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 10.5.9 Growing LUNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Zvol Based LUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 File Extent Based LUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

11 Services

208

11.1 Control Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 11.2 AFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
11.2.1 Troubleshooting AFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
11.3 Domain Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
11.3.1 Samba Domain Controller Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
11.4 Dynamic DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 11.5 FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
11.5.1 Anonymous FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 11.5.2 FTP in chroot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 11.5.3 Encrypting FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 11.5.4 Troubleshooting FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
11.6 iSCSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 11.7 LLDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 11.8 NFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 11.9 Rsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
11.9.1 Configure Rsyncd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 11.9.2 Rsync Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
11.10S3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 11.11S.M.A.R.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 11.12SMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
11.12.1Troubleshooting SMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
11.13SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 11.14SSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
11.14.1SCP Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 11.14.2Troubleshooting SSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
11.15TFTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 11.16UPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
11.16.1Multiple Computers with One UPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
11.17WebDAV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

12 Plugins

243

12.1 Installing Plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 12.2 Updating Plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 12.3 Uploading Plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 12.4 Deleting Plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 12.5 Available Plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

13 Jails

250

13.1 Jails Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 13.2 Adding Jails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
13.2.1 Managing Jails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

iv

Accessing a Jail Using SSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Add Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
13.2.2 Installing FreeBSD Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 13.2.3 Compiling FreeBSD Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 13.2.4 Starting Installed Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
13.3 Managing Jail Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 13.4 Using iocage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
13.4.1 Managing iocage Jails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

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