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Freenas® 11.0 User Guide

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Freenas® 11.0 User Guide FreeNAS® 11.0 User Guide June 2017 Edition FreeNAS® IS © 2011-2017 iXsystems FreeNAS® AND THE FreeNAS® LOGO ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF iXsystems FreeBSD® IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF THE FreeBSD Foundation WRITTEN BY USERS OF THE FreeNAS® network-attached STORAGE OPERATING system. VERSION 11.0 CopYRIGHT © 2011-2017 iXsystems (https://www.ixsystems.com/) CONTENTS WELCOME....................................................1 TYPOGRAPHIC Conventions...........................................2 1 INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 NeW FeaturES IN 11.0..........................................3 1.2 HarDWARE Recommendations.....................................4 1.2.1 RAM...............................................5 1.2.2 The OperATING System DeVICE.................................5 1.2.3 StorAGE Disks AND ContrOLLERS.................................6 1.2.4 Network INTERFACES.......................................7 1.3 Getting Started WITH ZFS........................................8 2 INSTALLING AND UpgrADING 9 2.1 Getting FreeNAS® ............................................9 2.2 PrEPARING THE Media.......................................... 10 2.2.1 On FreeBSD OR Linux...................................... 10 2.2.2 On WindoWS.......................................... 11 2.2.3 On OS X............................................. 11 2.3 Performing THE INSTALLATION....................................... 12 2.4 INSTALLATION TROUBLESHOOTING...................................... 18 2.5 UpgrADING................................................ 19 2.5.1 Caveats:............................................. 19 2.5.2 INITIAL PrEPARATION....................................... 20 2.5.3 UpgrADING Using THE ISO.................................... 20 2.5.4 UpgrADING FrOM THE GUI .................................... 23 2.5.5 IF Something Goes WRONG................................... 23 2.5.6 UpgrADING A ZFS Pool..................................... 24 2.6 Virtualization............................................... 26 2.6.1 VirtualBoX............................................ 26 2.6.2 VMwarE ESXi.......................................... 35 3 Booting 42 3.1 Obtaining AN IP AddrESS........................................ 43 3.2 Logging IN................................................ 44 3.3 INITIAL ConfiGURATION........................................... 45 4 Account 46 4.1 GrOUPS.................................................. 46 4.2 Users................................................... 49 5 System 53 5.1 INFORMATION............................................... 53 I 5.2 GenerAL.................................................. 54 5.3 Boot.................................................... 57 5.3.1 MirrORING THE Boot DeVICE................................... 60 5.4 Advanced................................................. 61 5.4.1 Autotune............................................ 63 5.5 Email................................................... 64 5.6 System Dataset............................................. 65 5.7 TUNABLES................................................. 66 5.8 Update.................................................. 68 5.8.1 PrEPARING FOR Updates..................................... 68 5.8.2 Updates AND TRAINS....................................... 69 5.8.3 Checking FOR Updates..................................... 70 5.8.4 Applying Updates........................................ 71 5.8.5 Manual Updates........................................ 71 5.9 Alert Services.............................................. 72 5.9.1 HoW IT WORKS.......................................... 73 5.10 CAs.................................................... 73 5.11 CertifiCATES................................................ 76 5.12 Support.................................................. 79 6 TASKS 82 6.1 CrON Jobs................................................. 82 6.2 Init/ShutdoWN Scripts.......................................... 84 6.3 Rsync TASKS............................................... 85 6.3.1 Rsync Module Mode...................................... 88 6.3.2 Rsync OVER SSH Mode..................................... 89 6.4 S.M.A.R.T. TESTS............................................. 91 7 Network 94 7.1 Global ConfiGURATION.......................................... 94 7.2 INTERFACES................................................ 95 7.3 IPMI .................................................... 97 7.4 Link AggrEGATIONS............................................ 99 7.4.1 LACP, MPIO, NFS, AND ESXi................................... 99 7.4.2 CrEATING A Link AggrEGATION.................................. 100 7.5 Network Summary........................................... 104 7.6 Static Routes............................................... 104 7.7 VLANs................................................... 105 8 StorAGE 107 8.1 VOLUMES................................................. 107 8.1.1 VOLUME Manager........................................ 107 Encryption............................................ 109 Manual Setup........................................... 110 Extending A ZFS VOLUME..................................... 111 8.1.2 Change Permissions...................................... 112 8.1.3 CrEATE Dataset......................................... 114 Deduplication.......................................... 116 ComprESSION........................................... 117 8.1.4 CrEATE ZVOL........................................... 117 8.1.5 IMPORT Disk........................................... 119 8.1.6 IMPORT VOLUME......................................... 119 IMPORTING AN Encrypted Pool.................................. 120 8.1.7 VieW Disks............................................ 121 II 8.1.8 VieW VOLUMES.......................................... 123 Managing Encrypted VOLUMES................................. 126 8.1.9 VieW Multipaths......................................... 130 8.1.10 Replacing A Failed Drive.................................... 130 Replacing AN Encrypted Drive.................................. 132 RemoVING A Log OR Cache DeVICE................................ 132 8.1.11 Replacing Drives TO GrOW A ZFS Pool............................. 132 8.2 Periodic Snapshot TASKS........................................ 133 8.3 Replication TASKS............................................ 135 8.3.1 Examples: Common ConfiGURATION.............................. 135 Alpha (Source).......................................... 135 Beta (Destination)........................................ 136 8.3.2 Example: FreeNAS® TO FreeNAS® Semi-Automatic Setup................. 136 8.3.3 Example: FreeNAS® TO FreeNAS® OR Other Systems, Manual Setup........... 138 Encryption KeYS......................................... 138 8.3.4 Replication Options...................................... 142 8.3.5 Replication Encryption..................................... 143 8.3.6 Limiting Replication Times................................... 143 8.3.7 TROUBLESHOOTING Replication................................. 143 SSH................................................ 144 ComprESSION........................................... 144 Manual TESTING.......................................... 144 8.4 Scrubs.................................................. 145 8.5 Snapshots................................................ 146 8.6 VMware-Snapshot............................................ 148 9 DirECTORY Services 150 9.1 Active DirECTORY............................................. 150 9.1.1 TROUBLESHOOTING Tips...................................... 155 9.1.2 IF THE System Will NOT Join THE Domain............................ 156 9.2 LDAP................................................... 156 9.3 NIS.................................................... 159 9.4 NT4.................................................... 160 9.5 KerberOS Realms............................................ 161 9.6 KerberOS KeYTABS............................................ 162 9.7 KerberOS Settings............................................ 163 10 Sharing 164 10.1 Apple (AFP) SharES........................................... 165 10.1.1 CrEATING AFP Guest SharES.................................. 167 10.1.2 CrEATING Authenticated AND Time Machine SharES..................... 169 10.2 Unix (NFS) SharES............................................ 173 10.2.1 Example ConfiGURATION..................................... 177 10.2.2 Connecting TO THE SharE.................................... 177 FrOM BSD OR Linux........................................ 177 FrOM MicrOSOFT.......................................... 178 FrOM Mac OS X.......................................... 178 10.2.3 TROUBLESHOOTING NFS...................................... 180 10.3 WebDAV SharES............................................. 181 10.4 WindoWS (SMB) SharES......................................... 182 10.4.1 ConfiGURING Unauthenticated Access............................. 188 10.4.2 ConfiGURING Authenticated Access Without A Domain ContrOLLER............. 189 10.4.3 ConfiGURING ShadoW Copies.................................. 191 10.5 Block (iSCSI)............................................... 193 III 10.5.1 TARGET Global ConfiGURATION.................................. 194 10.5.2 Portals.............................................. 195 10.5.3 INITIATORS............................................. 197 10.5.4 Authorized Accesses...................................... 198 10.5.5 TARGETS.............................................. 200 10.5.6
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