DOCSLIB.ORG

Geomorphic Characteristics of Streams in the Bluegrass Physiographic Region of Kentucky

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Project Final Report for A Grant Awarded Through the Section 319(h) Nonpoint Source Implementation Program Cooperative Agreement #C9994861-00 under the Geomorphic Characteristics Section 319(h) Kentucky Nonpoint Source Implementation of Streams in the Bluegrass Grant Workplan “Stream Geomorphic Bankfull Regional Physiographic Region Curves—Streams of the Green/Tradewater River Basin Management Unit” of Kentucky Kentucky Division of Water NPS 00-10 MOA M-02173863 and PO2 0600000585 February 1, 2001 to November 1, 2007 Arthur C. Parola, Jr. William S. Vesely Michael A. Croasdaile Chandra Hansen of The Stream Institute Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky and Margaret Swisher Jones Kentucky Division of Water Kentucky Environmental and Public Protection Cabinet Frankfort, Kentucky The Environmental and Public Protection Cabinet (EPPC) and the University of Louisville Re- search Foundation, Inc., (a KRS164A.610 corporation) do not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, religion, or disability. The EPPC and the University of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc., will provide, on request, reasonable accommodations including auxiliary aids and services necessary to afford an individual with a disability an equal opportunity to participate in all services, programs and activities. To request materials in an alternative format, contact the Kentucky Division of Water, 14 Reilly Road, Frankfort, KY 40601 or call (502) 564-3410 or contact the Univer- sity of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc. Funding for this project was provided in part by a grant from the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) through the Kentucky Division of Water, Nonpoint Source Section, to the University of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc., as authorized by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1987, §319(h) Nonpoint Source Implementation Grant #C9994861-00. Mention of trade names or com- mercial products, if any, does not constitute endorsement. This document was printed on recycled paper. Acknowledgements Arthur C. Parola, Jr., Ph.D., Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE) at the University of Louisville and Director of the Stream Institute (ULSI), was the principal investigator for this project. Margi Swisher Jones, Technical Advisor for the Kentucky Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, Kentucky Division of Water, provided project oversight. William S. Vesely, ULSI Research Project Engineer, directed the collection and analysis of stream gaug- ing and geomorphic data and contributed to the writing of the report. Michael A. Croasdaile, Ph.D., ULSI Post-Doctoral Research Associate, collected field data and contrib- uted to the writing of the report. Chandra Hansen, ULSI Research Technical Writer, contributed to the writing of the report and edited the final report. Anna Wood-Curini, Ph.D., former CEE Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, and Kevin Skinner, Ph.D., for- mer visiting scientist from the University of Nottingham, collected stream gauge and geomorphic data. D. Joseph Hagerty, Ph.D., Professor of CEE, assisted with field investigations and geologic descriptions. Mark N. French, Ph.D., Ph.D., Professor of CEE, guided flood-frequency analysis of gauging stations. Nageshwar R. Bhaskar, Ph.D., Professor of CEE, provided valuable advice regarding regression analysis. Brian Matherly, former ULSI Research Technologist, collected geomorphic data. David K. Thaemert, M.S., ULSI Research Technologist Senior, provided GIS mapping. Dana S. Kahn Jackman, M.S., ULSI Program Coordinator, prepared Appendix A and Table C.2. Several CEE students contributed to data collection, research, and analysis. Adam Connelly completed flood-frequency analysis of gauging stations; he was assisted by Xiaoqiang Xu. Clayton C. Mastin assisted with data collection, data analysis, and sieving. Jeffrey T. Schuchter assisted with data col- lection and sieving. James Hilliard assisted with data collection, sieving, and historical research. Benjamin D. Mater assisted with data collection. Laura Pigion assisted with sieving and historical research. Benjamin M. Jones assisted with sieving. The Kentucky Water Science Center of the US Geological Survey (USGS) made possible the use of gauge data in this project. Michael S. Griffin, Assistant Director, granted access to the stations and generously provided data not available online. Gary R. Martin, Hydrologist, explained the methods employed by the USGS to determine contributing drainage areas for streams in karst topography. Data from the Kentucky Geological Survey (KGS) were used throughout the report. Correspondence with KGS personnel was also informative. James C. Currens, M.S., KGS Hydrogeologist, reviewed and discussed the stratigraphic information provided in Appendix C. William M. Andrews, Jr., Ph.D, P.G., KGS Geologist, shared and discussed recent mapping of Kentucky physiographic regions by KGS. The Kentucky Historical Society, the Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives, and the Filson Historical Society were valuable sources of historical information. iii Contents List of Figures and Tables........................................................................................................................... vi Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... ix 1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background...................................................................................................................................2 1.2 Project Purpose and Scope............................................................................................................2 2 The Bluegrass Physiographic Region..................................................................................................5 2.1 Geology and Physiography...........................................................................................................5 2.2 Land-Use History........................................................................................................................12 2.3 Channel Response and Evolution ...............................................................................................18 3 Measurement and Analysis Methods ................................................................................................23 3.1 Site Selection..............................................................................................................................23 3.2 Data Collection...........................................................................................................................29 3.3 Data Analysis..............................................................................................................................33 4 Geomorphic and Bankfull Characteristics of Bluegrass Channels ................................................39 4.1 Bankfull Regional Curves...........................................................................................................39 4.2 Bankfull Discharge Recurrence Interval.....................................................................................43 4.3 Geomorphic Characteristics of Bluegrass Channels...................................................................45 5 Application of Bankfull Regional Relations .....................................................................................53 References ...................................................................................................................................................55 Appendices..................................................................................................................................................61 A .....................................................................................................................................................63 B ......................................................................................................................................................65 C Bluegrass Lithostratigraphy........................................................................................................75 D History of Bluegrass Land Use...................................................................................................79 E Bluegrass Data..........................................................................................................................103 v Figures and Tables FIGURES Figure 2.1 (a) Generalized geologic map of Kentucky (after McGrain 1983:12). (b) Physiographic map of Kentucky (KGS 1980)................................................................... 6 Figure 2.2 Generalized carbonate areas and surficial karst development in Kentucky (from Craw- ford and Webster 1986). .........................................................................................................8 Figure 2.3 Contrast in topography between the Eden Shale Belt (left) and Inner Bluegrass (right) in Benson Creek watershed..................................................................................................... 9 Figure 2.4 Rock Lick Creek in the eastern Bluegrass region. The higher sediment load and, in particular, abundant sand-sized material (see inset) is characteristic of stream reaches that have headwaters in the Eastern
Recommended publications
  • Shelby County ' -~·

    Shelby County ' -~·

    - ~-..~· ~ "·-- ·· ~---- I ~· U 'fi..~ ~ ~ ~~"(' . r"" ,. ~ J-0~ YV · GEOLO GY 1</-<J .( v0VA) Shelby County ' -~·-..... All of this county, so far as has been examined, is based on the blue limestones of the upper Cambrian or Lower Silurian date, except a small area next to the Jefferson county line, which belongs to the upper Silurian. A very gentle westerly dip of the formations may be noted. I ndeed the dip is so slight that over broad areas the same formation appears at the surface of the gr ound. The country everywhere has a pleasing aspect with slight undu­ l ations of surface profil e as the land slopes gently from the flat hill sum­ mits to the bottoms of the small valleys which ramify through the region in al l directions. The total amount of relief is rarely as much as a hundred feet. There are no coal or valuable ores in Shelby, unless there may be found small veins of lead and sulphuret of barytes, in connection with the "bird-eye" strata of the blue limestone. On the east side of Little Bullskin in beds of blue limestone visible are chiefly the Chaetetes beds . About half way up the slope, east of Big Bullskin, and five miles west of Shelbyville, the lynx beds are in place. The Organic remains increase in quantity in the surface strata between this and Shelbyville, and a simultaneous improvement in the soil is visi ble. At Shelbyville the r ocks are full of branching Ohaetetes, of both C. lycoperdon and O. rug<lUs forms , especially at a level of about ten to fif teen feet above the bridge over Bear Creek , associated with Orthis and Leptoena beds.
  • East and Central Farming and Forest Region and Atlantic Basin Diversified Farming Region: 12 Lrrs N and S

    East and Central Farming and Forest Region and Atlantic Basin Diversified Farming Region: 12 Lrrs N and S

    East and Central Farming and Forest Region and Atlantic Basin Diversified Farming Region: 12 LRRs N and S Brad D. Lee and John M. Kabrick 12.1 Introduction snowfall occurs annually in the Ozark Highlands, the Springfield Plateau, and the St. Francois Knobs and Basins The central, unglaciated US east of the Great Plains to the MLRAs. In the southern half of the region, snowfall is Atlantic coast corresponds to the area covered by LRR N uncommon. (East and Central Farming and Forest Region) and S (Atlantic Basin Diversified Farming Region). These regions roughly correspond to the Interior Highlands, Interior Plains, 12.2.2 Physiography Appalachian Highlands, and the Northern Coastal Plains. The topography of this region ranges from broad, gently rolling plains to steep mountains. In the northern portion of 12.2 The Interior Highlands this region, much of the Springfield Plateau and the Ozark Highlands is a dissected plateau that includes gently rolling The Interior Highlands occur within the western portion of plains to steeply sloping hills with narrow valleys. Karst LRR N and includes seven MLRAs including the Ozark topography is common and the region has numerous sink- Highlands (116A), the Springfield Plateau (116B), the St. holes, caves, dry stream valleys, and springs. The region also Francois Knobs and Basins (116C), the Boston Mountains includes many scenic spring-fed rivers and streams con- (117), Arkansas Valley and Ridges (118A and 118B), and taining clear, cold water (Fig. 12.2). The elevation ranges the Ouachita Mountains (119). This region comprises from 90 m in the southeastern side of the region and rises to 176,000 km2 in southern Missouri, northern and western over 520 m on the Springfield Plateau in the western portion Arkansas, and eastern Oklahoma (Fig.
  • Guide to Historic Sites in Kentucky

    Guide to Historic Sites in Kentucky

    AMERICAN HERITAGE TRAVELER HERITAGE Guide t o Historic Sites in Kentucky By Molly Marcot Two historic trails, the Wilderness Bull Nelson on the site of this 62-acre Civil War Road and Boone’s Trace, began here park. The grounds contain the 1825 Battlefields and Coal and were traveled by more than 200,000 Pleasant View house, which became settlers between 1775 and 1818. In a Confederate hospital after the battle, 1. Middle Creek nearby London, the Mountain Life slave quarters, and walking trails. One National Battlefield Museum features a recreated 19th- mile north is the visitors center in the On this site in early 1862, volunteer Union century village with seven buildings, 1811 Rogers House, with displays that soldiers led by future president Col. James such as the loom house and barn, include a laser-operated aerial map of Garfield forced Brig. Gen. Humphrey which feature 18th-century pioneer the battle and a collection of 19th- Marshall’s 2,500 Confederates from the tools, rifles, and farm equipment. century guns. (859) 624-0013 or forks of Middle Creek and back to McHargue’s Mill, a half-mile south, visitorcenter.madisoncountyky.us/index.php Virginia. The 450-acre park hosts battle first began operating in 1817. Visitors reenactments during September. Two half- can watch cornmeal being ground and see mile trail loops of the original armies’ posi - more than 50 millstones. (606) 330-2130 Lexington Plantations tions provide views of Kentucky valleys. parks.ky.gov/findparks/recparks/lj www.middlecreek.org or and (606) 886-1341 or Bluegrass ) T H G I 4.
  • CONTROLS on DOLOMITIZATION of the UPPER ORDOVICIAN TRENTON LIMESTONE in SOUTH-CENTRAL KENTUCKY COLLIN JAMES GRAY Department Of

    CONTROLS on DOLOMITIZATION of the UPPER ORDOVICIAN TRENTON LIMESTONE in SOUTH-CENTRAL KENTUCKY COLLIN JAMES GRAY Department Of

    CONTROLS ON DOLOMITIZATION OF THE UPPER ORDOVICIAN TRENTON LIMESTONE IN SOUTH-CENTRAL KENTUCKY COLLIN JAMES GRAY Department of Geological Sciences APPROVED: Dr. Katherine Giles, Ph.D., Chair Dr. Richard Langford, Ph.D. Dr. Matthew Johnston, Ph.D. Charles Ambler, Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School Copyright © by Collin James Gray 2015 Dedication I dedicate my thesis work to my family. My dedicated and loving parents, Michael and Deborah Gray have always supported me and provided words of encouragement during the struggles of my research. The support provided was second to none and I could not imagine reaching this point in my education without them. I also dedicate this thesis to my two brothers, Michael and Nathan Gray and my sister Nicole Gray. Without these role models I cannot imagine where my education would have ended. I will always appreciate the support provided by all three of you and consider you to be role models that I can always look up to. CONTROLS ON DOLOMITIZATION OF THE UPPER ORDOVICIAN TRENTON LIMESTONE IN SOUTH-CENTRAL KENTUCKY by COLLIN JAMES GRAY, B.S. GEOLOGY THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at El Paso in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Geological Sciences THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO December 2015 Acknowledgements I wish to thank my committee whose time and expertise provided excellent input into my research. Dr. Katherine Giles, my M.S. supervisor provided guidance and provided endless suggestions and recommendations throughout my research while continuously motivating me to continue my education.
  • Geology and Ground- Water Resources of the Paducah Area Kentucky

    Geology and Ground- Water Resources of the Paducah Area Kentucky

    Geology and Ground- Water Resources of the Paducah Area Kentucky By H. L. FREE, JR., W. H. WALKER, and L. M. MAcCARY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1417 Prepared in cooperation with the Agricultural and Industrial Development Board, Commonwealth of Kentucky UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON i 1957 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRED A. SEATON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. CONTENTS Page Abstract _____---._--__ _--___--_---___ __ 1 Introduction. _______ __________________-_--_------_-----__-_ 2- Purpose and'scope of investigation.- _____-_____-------------_--_ 2 Location and extent of area__________ ____-_---_ -_-_----_-_ 4 Previous investigations-.________________-____-_--_---_-------_- 4 Methods of investigation and presentation of data. ________ 5 Well-numbering system _______________________-_-__-__--_--_ 5 Acknowledgments_ _______-______-__--_---_------------_------ 7 Geography ___________ _____________________________________ 7 Natural features of the region __________--_---_------_--_-- -- 7 Topography and drainage____________________---_-_ - -_ 7 Climate __________-______>.____ ___________________ 8 Vegetation.____ _-______-__--_-__------_------_--__-__----- 11 Natural resources...-._______-_______-__-__-_----_------- __ 11 Development. __ __________________________-______-__-__--_-.-_ 11 Population______________________________________________ 11 Industries_____________________-___-____--_-______---_-_
  • General Geological Information for the Tri-States of Kentucky, Virginia and Tennessee

    General Geological Information for the Tri-States of Kentucky, Virginia and Tennessee

    General Geological Information for the Tri-States Of Kentucky, Virginia and Tennessee Southeastern Geological Society (SEGS) Field Trip to Pound Gap Road Cut U.S. Highway 23 Letcher County, Kentucky September 28 and 29, 2001 Guidebook Number 41 Summaries Prepared by: Bruce A. Rodgers, PG. SEGS Vice President 2001 Southeastern Geological Society (SEGS) Guidebook Number 41 September 2001 Page 1 Table of Contents Section 1 P HYSIOGRAPHIC P ROVINCES OF THE R EGION Appalachian Plateau Province Ridge and Valley Province Blue Ridge Province Other Provinces of Kentucky Other Provinces of Virginia Section 2 R EGIONAL G EOLOGIC S TRUCTURE Kentucky’s Structural Setting Section 3 M INERAL R ESOURCES OF THE R EGION Virginia’s Geological Mineral and Mineral Fuel Resources Tennessee’s Geological Mineral and Mineral Fuel Resources Kentucky’s Geological Mineral and Mineral Fuel Resources Section 4 G ENERAL I NFORMATION ON C OAL R ESOURCES OF THE R EGION Coal Wisdom Section 5 A CTIVITIES I NCIDENTAL TO C OAL M INING After the Coal is Mined - Benefaction, Quality Control, Transportation and Reclamation Section 6 G ENERAL I NFORMATION ON O IL AND NATURAL G AS R ESOURCES IN THE R EGION Oil and Natural Gas Enlightenment Section 7 E XPOSED UPPER P ALEOZOIC R OCKS OF THE R EGION Carboniferous Systems Southeastern Geological Society (SEGS) Guidebook Number 41 September 2001 Page i Section 8 R EGIONAL G ROUND W ATER R ESOURCES Hydrology of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field Region Section 9 P INE M OUNTAIN T HRUST S HEET Geology and Historical Significance of the
  • IGS 2015B-Maquoketa Group

    IGS 2015B-Maquoketa Group

    ,QGLDQD*HRORJLFDO6XUYH\ $ERXW8V_,*66WDII_6LWH0DS_6LJQ,Q ,*6:HEVLWHIGS Website Search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
  • The Classic Upper Ordovician Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Eastern Cincinnati Arch

    The Classic Upper Ordovician Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Eastern Cincinnati Arch

    International Geoscience Programme Project 653 Third Annual Meeting - Athens, Ohio, USA Field Trip Guidebook THE CLASSIC UPPER ORDOVICIAN STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE EASTERN CINCINNATI ARCH Carlton E. Brett – Kyle R. Hartshorn – Allison L. Young – Cameron E. Schwalbach – Alycia L. Stigall International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Project 653 Third Annual Meeting - 2018 - Athens, Ohio, USA Field Trip Guidebook THE CLASSIC UPPER ORDOVICIAN STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE EASTERN CINCINNATI ARCH Carlton E. Brett Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, 2624 Clifton Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA ([email protected]) Kyle R. Hartshorn Dry Dredgers, 6473 Jayfield Drive, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, USA ([email protected]) Allison L. Young Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, 2624 Clifton Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA ([email protected]) Cameron E. Schwalbach 1099 Clough Pike, Batavia, OH 45103, USA ([email protected]) Alycia L. Stigall Department of Geological Sciences and OHIO Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, 316 Clippinger Lab, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA ([email protected]) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We extend our thanks to the many colleagues and students who have aided us in our field work, discussions, and publications, including Chris Aucoin, Ben Dattilo, Brad Deline, Rebecca Freeman, Steve Holland, T.J. Malgieri, Pat McLaughlin, Charles Mitchell, Tim Paton, Alex Ries, Tom Schramm, and James Thomka. No less gratitude goes to the many local collectors, amateurs in name only: Jack Kallmeyer, Tom Bantel, Don Bissett, Dan Cooper, Stephen Felton, Ron Fine, Rich Fuchs, Bill Heimbrock, Jerry Rush, and dozens of other Dry Dredgers. We are also grateful to David Meyer and Arnie Miller for insightful discussions of the Cincinnatian, and to Richard A.
  • Changes in Stratigraphic Nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey

    Changes in Stratigraphic Nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey

    Changes in Stratigraphic Nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey, By GEORGE V. COHEE, ROBERT G. BATES, and WILNA B. WRIGHT CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATIGRAPHY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1294-A UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1970 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 35 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Listing of nomenclatural changes- --- ----- - - ---- -- -- -- ------ --- Ortega Quartzite and the Big Rock and Jawbone Conglomerate Members of the Kiawa Mountain Formation, Tusas Mountains, New Mexico, by Fred Barker---------------------------------------------------- Reasons for abandonment of the Portage Group, by Wallace de Witt, Jr-- Tlevak Basalt, west coast of Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska, by G. Donald Eberlein and Michael Churkin, Jr Formations of the Bisbee Group, Empire Mountains quadrangle, Pima County, Arizona, by Tommy L. Finnell---------------------------- Glance Conglomerate- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Willow Canyon Formation ....................................... Apache Canyon Formation-- ................................... Shellenberger Canyon Formation- - --__----- ---- -- -- -- ----------- Turney Ranch Formation---- ------- ------ -- -- -- ---- ------ ----- Age--_------------------------------------------------------- Pantano Formation, by Tommy L. Finnell----------_-----------------
  • Kentucky Geothermal References

    Kentucky Geothermal References

    Kentucky References Adams, M.A., 1984, Geologic overview, coal resources, and potential methane recovery from coalbeds of the Central Appalachian Basin; Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 17, p. 45-71. Adams, M.A., Eddy Greg, E., Hewitt, J.L., Kirr James, N., and Rightmire Craig, T., 1984, Geologic overview, coal resources, and potential methane recovery from coalbeds of the Northern Appalachian coal basin; Pennsylvania, Ohio, Maryland, West Virginia, and Kentucky: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 17, p. 15-43. Adkison, W.L., 1954, Structure and stratigraphy of the outcropping Pennsylvanian rocks in the White Oak quadrangle, Magoffin and Morgan Counties, Kentucky, Oil and gas investigations map OM-156: Reston, Va., U.S. Geological Survey. Adkison, W.L., and Johnston, J.E., 1963, Geology and coal resources of the Salyersville North Quadrangle, Magoffin, Morgan, and Johnson counties, Kentucky: U S Geological Survey Bulletin. Aitken John, F., and Flint Stephan, S., 1993, Reservoir anatomy within a sequence stratigraphic framework; the Pennsylvanian Breathitt Group of eastern Kentucky: AAPG Bulletin, v. 77, p. 1604-1605. Aitken John, F., and Flint Stephen, S., 1994, High-frequency sequences and the nature of incised-valley fills in fluvial systems of the Breathitt Group (Pennsylvanian), Appalachian foreland basin, eastern Kentucky: Special Publication Society for Sedimentary Geology, v. 51, p. 353-368. Aitken John, F., and Flint Stephen, S., 1996, Variable expressions of interfluvial sequence
  • Bluegrass Region Is Bounded by the Knobs on the West, South, and East, and by the Ohio River in the North

    Bluegrass Region Is Bounded by the Knobs on the West, South, and East, and by the Ohio River in the North

    BOONE Bluegrass KENTONCAMPBELL Region GALLATIN PENDLETON CARROLL BRACKEN GRANT Inner Bluegrass TRIMBLE MASON Bluegrass Hills OWEN ROBERTSON LEWIS HENRY HARRISON Outer Bluegrass OLDHAM FLEMING NICHOLAS Knobs and Shale SCOTT FRANKLIN SHELBY BOURBON Alluvium JEFFERSON BATH Sinkholes SPENCER FAYETTE MONTGOMERY ANDERSONWOODFORD BULLITT CLARK JESSAMINE NELSON MERCER POWELL WASHINGTON MADISON ESTILL GARRARD BOYLE MARION LINCOLN The Bluegrass Region is bounded by the Knobs on the west, south, and east, and by the Ohio River in the north. Bedrock in most of the region is composed of Ordovician limestones and shales 450 million years old. Younger Devonian, Silurian, and Mississippian shales and limestones form the Knobs Region. Much of the Ordovician strata lie buried beneath the surface. The oldest rocks at the surface in Kentucky are exposed along the Palisades of the Kentucky River. Limestones are quarried or mined throughout the region for use in construction. Water from limestone springs is bottled and sold. The black shales are a potential source of oil. The Bluegrass, the first region settled by Europeans, includes about 25 percent of Kentucky. Over 50 percent of all Kentuckians live there an average 190 people per square mile, ranging from 1,750 people per square mile in Jefferson County to 23 people per square mile in Robertson County. The Inner Blue Grass is characterized by rich, fertile phosphatic soils, which are perfect for raising thoroughbred horses. The gently rolling topography is caused by the weathering of limestone that is typical of the Ordovician strata of central Kentucky, pushed up along the Cincinnati Arch. Weathering of the limestone also produces sinkholes, sinking streams, springs, caves, and soils.
  • The Upper Ordovician Glaciation in Sw Libya – a Subsurface Perspective

    The Upper Ordovician Glaciation in Sw Libya – a Subsurface Perspective

    J.C. Gutiérrez-Marco, I. Rábano and D. García-Bellido (eds.), Ordovician of the World. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 14. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid. ISBN 978-84-7840-857-3 © Instituto Geológico y Minero de España 2011 ICE IN THE SAHARA: THE UPPER ORDOVICIAN GLACIATION IN SW LIBYA – A SUBSURFACE PERSPECTIVE N.D. McDougall1 and R. Gruenwald2 1 Repsol Exploración, Paseo de la Castellana 280, 28046 Madrid, Spain. [email protected] 2 REMSA, Dhat El-Imad Complex, Tower 3, Floor 9, Tripoli, Libya. Keywords: Ordovician, Libya, glaciation, Mamuniyat, Melaz Shugran, Hirnantian. INTRODUCTION An Upper Ordovician glacial episode is widely recognized as a significant event in the geological history of the Lower Paleozoic. This is especially so in the case of the Saharan Platform where Upper Ordovician sediments are well developed and represent a major target for hydrocarbon exploration. This paper is a brief summary of the results of fieldwork, in outcrops across SW Libya, together with the analysis of cores, hundreds of well logs (including many high quality image logs) and seismic lines focused on the uppermost Ordovician of the Murzuq Basin. STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK The uppermost Ordovician section is the youngest of three major sequences recognized widely across the entire Saharan Platform: Sequence CO1: Unconformably overlies the Precambrian or Infracambrian basement. It comprises the possible Upper Cambrian to Lowermost Ordovician Hassaouna Formation. Sequence CO2: Truncates CO1 along a low angle, Type II unconformity. It comprises the laterally extensive and distinctive Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian-Floian?) Achebayat Formation overlain, along a probable transgressive surface of erosion, by interbedded burrowed sandstones, cross-bedded channel-fill sandstones and mudstones of Middle Ordovician age (Dapingian-Sandbian), known as the Hawaz Formation, and interpreted as shallow-marine sediments deposited within a megaestuary or gulf.