Polska – Iran 1918–1939
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Date of Filing
IRAN•UNITEO STATES CLAIMS TRIBUN,t..L DRIGIN~L DOCUMENTSIN SAFE Case No. S/9 Date of filing: ** 'AWARD - Type of - Date of Award -=~:......:.-.i...:!1!~-!......i;.- pa g es in English pages in Farsi ** DECISION - Date of Decision -------- pages in English pages in Farsi ** CONCURRING OPINION of - Date pages in English pages in Farsi ** SEPARATE OPINION of - Date pages in English pages in Farsi ** DISSENTING OPINION of - Date pages in English pages in Farsi ** OTHER; Nature of document: - Date pages in English pages in Fared 1 1 8 ... !RAN-UNITED STATES CLAIMS TRIBUNAL ~ ~~~\ -\:,)~ <.>J~.) <.SJJ'J ..:J'J'.? CASE NO. 319 CHAMBER ONE AWARDNO. 554-319-1 !RAN-UNITEDSTATES .tSJ\.,<->.J.Jb wl..f..-> CLAIMS TRIBUNAL .~..::.,)'~1-.:i!..r.l CATHERINE ETEZADI, Claimant, FILED QA.TE 2 3 MAR1994 and ,rvr1, 1 r THE GOVERNMENTOF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN, Respondent. AWARD - 2 - Appearances: For the Claimant Mrs. Catherine Etezadi, Claimant, Mr. David Etezadi, Ms. Susan Etezadi, Mr. John Westberg, Counsel, Mr. Hooshang Etezadi, Representative. For the Respondent Mr. Ali H. Nobari, Agent of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Dr. Nasser-Ali Mansourian, Prof. Antonio Cassese, Legal Advisers to the Agent, Prof. Paul Lagarde, Prof. Hossein Mehrpour, Legal Advisers to the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Mr. Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri, Attorney, Mr. Mehdi Mir Shafian, Representative of Respondent, Mr. Nariman Ilkhani, Expert, Mr. Mashallah Daneshgar, Witness, Mr. Behrouz Salehpour, Legal Assistant to the Agent. Also Present Mr. D. Stephen Mathias, Agent of the Government of the United States of America, Mrs. Mary Catherine Malin, Deputy Agent of the Government of the United States of America. -
C01384460 Approved for Release: 2014/02/26
C01384460 Approved for Release: 2014/02/26 APPLIND1X A . ;hose Dil? An Abbreviated History of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Dispute,-'194; -53 In 1372, the then Shah of Persia, rlaser ad-Din, in return for much needed cash, gave to Baron Paul Julius de Reuter. .'a concession to. exploit all his country's minerals (except for gold, silver, and precious stones'), all its forests and uncultivated land, and ail canals and irrigation works, as ;sell as a monopoly to construct railways and tranilways. Although the resulting uproar,-zsrac:.a11~ from neighboring Russiaraused this sweeping concession to be cancelled, de Reuter, who was a German Jew with British citizenship, persisted and by 1889 regained two parts of his original concession--the operation of a bank and the working of Persia's mines. Under the latter grant, de Reuter's men explored-for oil without great success, and the concession expired in 1999, 'the year the Baron died.` Persian oil right Shen passed to a British speculator, William Knox D'Arcy, whose first fortune had been made in Australian gold mines: The purchase price of the concession was about 50,000 pounds, and in 1903 the enterprise began to sell shares in "The First Exploitation Company." Exploratory drilling proceeded, and by 1904, two producing wells were in. a,+A - Shortly thereafter,Ainterest in oil was sharply stimulated by the efforts of Admiral Sir John Fisher, First Lord of the Admiralty, to convert the Royal Navy.from'burning coal to oil.. As a result, the Burmah Oil Company sought to become involved in eersian oil and, joining with D "lrcy and Lord Strathcona, formed the new Concessions Syndicate, L d, which endured un'ti'l 1907 when Burmah Oil bought D'Arcy out for 200„000 pounds cash and 900,000 pounds in shares. -
Marxists Into Muslims: an Iranian Irony Abdolrahim Javadzadeh Florida International University, [email protected]
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@Florida International University Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 11-13-2007 Marxists into Muslims: An Iranian Irony Abdolrahim Javadzadeh Florida International University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Javadzadeh, Abdolrahim, "Marxists into Muslims: An Iranian Irony" (2007). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 36. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/36 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida MARXISTS INTO MUSLIMS: THE IRANIAN IRONY A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY by Abdolrahim Javadzadeh 2007 To: Interim Dean Mark Szuchman College of Arts and Sciences This dissertation, written by Abdolrahim Javadzadeh, and entitled Marxists into Muslims: The Iranian Irony, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. ____________________________________ Douglas Kincaid ____________________________________ Mohiaddin Mesbahi ___________________________________ Barry B. Levine, Major Professor Date of Defense: November 13, 2007 The dissertation of Abdolrahim Javadzadeh is approved. ___________________________________ Interim Dean Mark Szuchman College of Arts and Sciences ____________________________________ Dean George Walker University Graduate School Florida International University, 2007 ii © Copyright 2007 by Abdolrahim Javadzadeh All rights reserved. -
Social and Cultural Context Affecting the Activities of Women Painters of Pahlavi Era (1925-1978)
Journal of Politics and Law; Vol. 9, No. 3; 2016 ISSN 1913-9047 E-ISSN 1913-9055 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Social and Cultural Context Affecting the Activities of Women Painters of Pahlavi Era (1925-1978) Azadeh Alipoor Heris1 & Abolghasem Dadvar1 1Art Faculty, Azzahra University, Tehran, Iran Correspondence: Azadeh Alipoor Heris, Art Faculty, Azzahra University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Received: December 23, 2015 Accepted: April 2, 2016 Online Published: April 27, 2016 doi:10.5539/jpl.v9n3p1 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n3p1 Abstract Different factors were affecting the presence of women during the Pahlavi era. In new structures after the constitutional period and along with the absolute modernism of Pahlavi, discourses changes were made based on democracy, socialism, Shia resistance and autonomy, court to government and political figures to people. During this period the role of women was formed on the basis of their social position and in their gender approach it changed from a <class in itself> to a <class for self>. The consequences of social contexts led to witness more active presence of women during Pahlavi era compared with the past periods particularly in the visual arts arena; so that the history of the Tehran galleries from 1953-1978 which reflects their activities during that time confirms this fact. The purpose of the present essay is to analyze the social contexts which have attracted women from margin to the center and attending to them since no study -
The Ohio State University
MAKING COMMON CAUSE?: WESTERN AND MIDDLE EASTERN FEMINISTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S MOVEMENT, 1911-1948 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Charlotte E. Weber, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2003 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Leila J. Rupp, Adviser Professor Susan M. Hartmann _________________________ Adviser Professor Ellen Fleischmann Department of History ABSTRACT This dissertation exposes important junctures between feminism, imperialism, and orientalism by investigating the encounter between Western and Middle Eastern feminists in the first-wave international women’s movement. I focus primarily on the International Alliance of Women for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship, and to a lesser extent, the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom. By examining the interaction and exchanges among Western and Middle Eastern women (at conferences and through international visits, newsletters and other correspondence), as well as their representations of “East” and “West,” this study reveals the conditions of and constraints on the potential for feminist solidarity across national, cultural, and religious boundaries. In addition to challenging the notion that feminism in the Middle East was “imposed” from outside, it also complicates conventional wisdom about the failure of the first-wave international women’s movement to accommodate difference. Influenced by growing ethos of cultural internationalism -
In Razing Its Modernist Buildings, Iran Is Erasing Its Past Western Influence
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PORTO Publications Open Repository TOrino Politecnico di Torino Porto Institutional Repository [Article] In razing its modernist buildings, Iran is erasing its past Western influence Original Citation: Mehan, Asma (2017). In razing its modernist buildings, Iran is erasing its past Western influence. In: The Conversation, pp. 1-7. - ISSN 2201-5639 Availability: This version is available at : http://porto.polito.it/2673027/ since: May 2017 Publisher: Creative Commons license Terms of use: This article is made available under terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Article ("Attribuzione - Non opere derivate 3.0 Italia") , as described at http://porto.polito.it/terms_ and_conditions.html Porto, the institutional repository of the Politecnico di Torino, is provided by the University Library and the IT-Services. The aim is to enable open access to all the world. Please share with us how this access benefits you. Your story matters. (Article begins on next page) 5/26/2017 In razing its modernist buildings, Iran is erasing its past Western influence Academic rigour, journalistic flair In razing its modernist buildings, Iran is erasing its past Western influence May 26, 2017 7.38am BST Author Asma Mehan Research Fellow at Deakin University and PhD Candidate at Politecnico di Torino, Politecnico di Torino A view of Tehran, with its mix of traditional and modern design. Jørn Eriksson/Flick, CC BY-ND Hassan Rouhani’s re-election as Iran’s president has rekindled hope for liberals in the country. During his first term, Iran began edging closer to the West, and his positions on both international and domestic affairs indicate further openness to its influence. -
Land Reform Dan Kondisi Perekonomian Petani Iran Masa Pemerintahan Shah Reza Pahlevi (1941-1979)
LAND REFORM DAN KONDISI PEREKONOMIAN PETANI IRAN MASA PEMERINTAHAN SHAH REZA PAHLEVI (1941-1979) SKRIPSI Diajukan kepada Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora untuk Memenuhi Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Humaniora (S.Hum.) Disusun oleh: Burhanudin Muhammad (1113022000013) JURUSAN SEJARAH DAN PERADABAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2018 M/1440 H ABSTRAK Modernisasi Shah Reza Pahlevi di sektor pertanian memiliki peran yang vital dalam mengembangakan perekonomian nasional Iran. Masyarakat pertanian di pedesaan Iran telah mengalami perubahan literatur sosio- ekonomi pada masa pemerintahan Shah Reza. Program Revolusi Putih (white revolution) terutama land reform (reformasi agraria) dijadikan sebagai pilar utama dalam memajukan perekonomian petani pedesaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi perekonomian petani Iran pada masa pemerintahan Shah Reza Pahlevi terutama saat diterapkanya program land reform (1962-1974). Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah pada umumnya yaitu: heuristik, vertifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi disertai pendekatan ekonomi dan politik. Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwasanya land reform tidak menjadikan perekonomian petani pedesaan menjadi lebih baik bahkan bisa dikatakan bahwa program land reform menuai kegagalan. Faktor utama yang membuat stagnasi ekonomi petani pedesaan di antara lain; rumitnya birokrasi (undang-undang land reform) dan kurangnya dukungan pemerintah dalam menyuplai logistik pertanian -
The Shah, the Islamic Revolution and the United States
THE SHAH, THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTION AND THE UNITED STATES DARIOUSH BAYANDOR The Shah, the Islamic Revolution and the United States Darioush Bayandor The Shah, the Islamic Revolution and the United States Darioush Bayandor Nyon, Switzerland ISBN 978-3-319-96118-7 ISBN 978-3-319-96119-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96119-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018952482 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. -
HISTORY of the MIDDLE EAST a Research Project of Fairleigh Dickinson University By
HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE EAST a Research Project of Fairleigh Dickinson University by Amanuel Ajawin Amer Al-Hajri Waleed Al-Saiyani Hamad Al-Zaabi Baya Bensmail Clotilde Ferry Feridun Kul Gabriela Garcia Zina Ibrahem Lorena Giminez Jose Manuel Mendoza-Nasser Abdelghani Merabet Alice Mungwa Isabelle Rakotoarivelo Seddiq Rasuli Antonio Nico Sabas Coumba Santana Ashley Toth Fabrizio Trezza Sharif Ahmad Waheedi Mohammad Fahim Yarzai Mohammad Younus Zaidullah Zaid Editor: Ahmad Kamal Published by: Fairleigh Dickinson University 1000 River Road Teaneck, NJ 07666 USA January 2012 ISBN: 978-1-4507-9087-1 The opinions expressed in this book are those of the authors alone, and should not be taken as necessarily reflecting the views of Fairleigh Dickinson University, or of any other institution or entity. © All rights reserved by the authors No part of the material in this book may be reproduced without due attribution to its specific author. THE AUTHORS Amanuel Ajawin, a Diplomat from Sudan Amer Al-Hajri, a Diplomat from Oman Waleed Al-Saiyani, a Graduate Student from Yemen Hamad Al-Zaabi, a Diplomat from the UAE Baya Bensmail, a Diplomat from Algeria Clotilde Ferry, a Graduate Student from Monaco Ahmad Kamal, a Senior Fellow at the United Nations Feridun Kul, a Graduate Student from Afghanistan Gabriela Garcia, a Diplomat from Ecuador Lorena Giminez, a Diplomat from Venezuela Zina Ibrahem, a Civil Servant from Iraq Jose Manuel Mendoza, a Graduate Student from Honduras Abdelghani Merabet, a Graduate Student from Algeria Alice Mungwa, a Graduate Student -
Discursive Continuity of Political Nationalism As a Form of Opposition Politics in Modern Iran
DISCURSIVE CONTINUITY OF POLITICAL NATIONALISM AS A FORM OF OPPOSITION POLITICS IN MODERN IRAN A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY PINAR ARIKAN SİNKAYA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SEPTEMBER 2015 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Bağcı Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. İhsan Dağı (METU, IR) Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık (METU, IR) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zana Çitak Aytürk (METU, IR) Asst. Prof. Dr. Derya Göçer Akder (METU, ARS) Assoc. Prof. Dr. İlker Aytürk (BİLKENT, POLS) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Pınar Arıkan Sinkaya Signature : iii ABSTRACT DISCURSIVE CONTINUITY OF POLITICAL NATIONALISM AS A FORM OF OPPOSITION POLITICS IN MODERN IRAN Arıkan Sinkaya, Pınar Ph.D., Department of International Relations Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık September 2015, 392 pages The dissertation examines political nationalism as a transformative power of modern Iranian politics at the societal level through historical-sociological study of four mass opposition movements, which are the Constitutional Movement (1906-11), National Front Movement (1949-53), Iranian Revolution Movement (1978-79), and Green Movement (2009). -
Shahr-E Now, Tehran's Red-Light District (1909–1979)
SHAHR-E NOW, TEHRAN’S RED-LIGHT DISTRICT (1909–1979): THE STATE, “THE PROSTITUTE,” THE SOLDIER, AND THE FEMINIST By Samin Rashidbeigi Submitted to Central European University Department of Gender Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of European Master in Women’s and Gender History Supervisor: Professor Francisca de Haan CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2015 Abstract This thesis deals with the history of Shahr-e Now, Tehran’s red-light district from 1909 until the 1979 Islamic Revolution. The district, as large as two football pitches, functioned as a sex market for almost seventy years with around 1,500 prostitutes living and working there. Shahr-e Now’s existence as “Tehran’s red-light district before the 1979 Revolution” has been only briefly mentioned in a number of scholarly works; however, the district has not been analyzed as a gendered and politically relevant urban construction in the context of modern Iranian history. This thesis uses the archival documents collected from The National Archive of Iran and The Document Center of Iran’s Parliament to explain Shahr-e Now’s long-lasting functioning in front of the public eye—despite the fundamental tension with Islamic morale. This thesis argues, firstly, that Shahr-e Now was initiated by state officials, and preserved during the Pahlavi period (1925–1979), mainly for the sake of the military population in Tehran. Using the vast literature on the rise of the modern army in Iran as part of the Pahlavi Dynasty’s establishment, this thesis explains that the increasing number of soldiers in Tehran was the main reason why the Pahlavi regime enabled/allowed the creation of Shahr-e Now; the state-regulated prostitution in Shahr-e Now served to provide the military with “clean women.” Moreover, this thesis suggests that the system of regulation within SN was pretty much similar to systems of regulation enforced by other modern(izing) nation states in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. -
Travel to Tehran-Iran
Travel to Tehran-Iran ABOUT IRAN- HISTORY & HERITAGE The plateau of Iran is among the oldest civilization centers in the history of humanity and has an important place in archeological studies. The history of settlement in the Plateau of Iran, from the new Stone Age till the migration of Aryans to this region, is not yet very clear. But there is reliable evidence indicating that Iran has been inhabited since a very long time ago. Settlement centers have emerged close to water resources like springs, rivers, lakes or totally close to Alborz and Zagross mountains. After the decline of the Achievement dynasty, and the destruction of Persepolis by Alexander, his successors the Seleucid dominated over Iran for a short period of time. During this time the interaction between Iranian and Hellenic cultures occurred. Around the year 250 BC, the Parthians, who were an Aryan tribe as well as horse riders, advanced from Khorassan towards the west and south-west and founded their empire over Iran Plateau in Teesfoon. This empire survived only until the year 224 AD. The Sassanian, after defeating the last Parthia n king in 225 AD, founded a new empire which lasted until mid-7th century AD. With respect to its political, social, and cultural characteristics, the ancient period of Iran (Persia) is one of the most magnificent epochs of Iranian history. Out of this era, so many cultural and historical monuments have remained inPersepolis, Passargadae, Susa (Shoosh), Shooshtar, Hamadan, Marvdasht (Naqsh-e-Rostam), Taq-e- bostan, Sarvestan, and Nayshabur, which are worth seeing. The influence of Islam in Iran began in the early 7th century AD after the decline of the Sassanide Empire.