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Polska – Iran 1918–1939 Polska – Iran Stosunki dyplomatyczne, konsularne, handlowe i kulturalne لهستان – ایران مناسبات دیپلماتیک، کنسولی، تجاری، فرهنگی Poland – Iran Diplomatic, consular, commercial and cultural relations 1918–1939 Departament Współpracy Ekonomicznej Ambasada Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w Teheranie سفارت جمهوری لهستان در تهران گروه همکاری اقتصادی Department of Economic Cooperation Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Tehran Polska – Iran Stosunki dyplomatyczne, konsularne, handlowe i kulturalne لهستان – ایران مناسبات دیپلماتیک، کنسولی، تجاری، فرهنگی Poland – Iran Diplomatic, consular, commercial and cultural relations 1918–1939 Warszawa/Teheran, maj 2020 roku Warsaw/Tehran, May 2020 Author Khaghan (first from right). Photo courtesy of the \مئلف \Autor Aleksander Wasilewski National Digital Archive in Warsaw. Ilustracje zamieszczone w publikacji pochodzą آلکساندر واشیلفسکی z Narodowego Archiwum Cyfrowego w Warszawie oraz Archiwum Instytutu Studiów Politycznych .Proofreading and i Międzynarodowych w Teheranie \ ویرایش و تصحیح \ Korekta i redakcja edition تصاویر موجود در این کتاب از بایگانی دیجیتال ملی در ورشو و مرکز Dominika Zakrzewska اسناد موسسه مطالعات و پژوهشهای سیاسی در تهران آمده است. Korekto.pl ul. Mączna 1/15 54-131 Wrocław Illustrations have been sourced from the National Digital Archive in Warsaw and the Archive of the Institute for Political and International Studies in .Farsi Tehran \ ترجمه فارسی \ Tłumaczenie na język perski translation Anna Marcinowska © Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych Warszawa 2020 آنا مارچینوفسکا Tłumaczenie na język angielski ISBN 978-83-66213-51-7 ترجمه انگلیسی ( Projekt, skład i łamanie: EDIT Sp. z o.o. ul. Kostrzewskiego 1, 00-768 Warszawa English translation www.edit.net.pl IURIDICO Legal & Financial Translations Sp. z o.o. na zlecenie MSZ © Ministry of Foreign Affairs Warsaw 2020 Photo ISBN 978-83-66213-51-7 \ عکس روی جلد \ Zdjęcie na okładce on the front cover: Warszawa, marzec 1928 roku. Wizyta ministra spraw Design, typesetting and layout zagranicznych Persji Gholi Ali Khana Ansariego EDIT Sp. z o.o., ul. Kostrzewskiego 1 w Polsce. Na zdjęciu (pierwszy z lewej) na spotkaniu 00-768 Warszawa, www.edit.net.pl z Marszałkiem Polski Józefem Piłsudskim (siedzi :Printing and binding \ چاپ و جلد \ w środku). Ministrowi i marszałkowi towarzyszy Druk i oprawa poseł nadzwyczajny i minister pełnomocny Assad Legra Sp. z o.o. Khan Yamine Khaghan (pierwszy z prawej). Zdjęcie ul. Albatrosów 10 C pochodzi ze zbiorów Narodowego Archiwum 30-716 Kraków Cyfrowego w Warszawie. ورشو، مارس . بازدید وزیر امور خارجه ایران، علیقلی خان انصاری، در لهستان. )اول از سمت چپ( در دیدار با مارشال لهستانی یوزف پیلسودسکی )وسط، نشسته(. وزیر مختار اسدخان یمین خاقان )اول از سمت راست( به همراه وزیر و مارشال. این عکس از مجموعه بایگانی دیجیتال ملی در ورشو گرفته شده است. Warsaw, March 1928. Visit of the Persian minister of foreign affairs Ali Gholi Khan Ansari in Poland: Min. Ansari (first from left) at the meeting with Marshall Józef Piłsudski (in the middle). Also present at the meeting is the special envoy and minister plenipotentiary of Persia in Poland Assad Khan Yamine Content / محتوا / Spis treści Słowo wstępne 7 8 Foreword 9 1 Nawiązanie stosunków dyplomatycznych, traktat przyjaźni i poselstwo Polski w Teheranie 10 برقراری روابط دیپلماتیک، پیمان ۤمودت و سفارت لهستان در تهران Establishment of diplomatic relations, Treaty of Friendship and the Po- lish legation in Tehran 2 Poselstwo Persji w Warszawie oraz wizyty dyplomatów, wojskowych i rodziny cesarskiej 31 سفارت ایران در ورشو و دیدارهای دیپلماتها، وابستههای نظامی و خانواده شاهنشاهی The Persian legation in Warsaw, visits of diplomats, the military and the shah’s family members 3 Ustanowienie i działalność Konsulatu RP w Tabryzie oraz kolonia polska w Iranie 51 تأسیس و فعالیت کنسولگری جمهوری لهستان در تبریز و اقلیت لهستانی در ایران Establishment and activities of the Polish consulate in Tabriz, the Polish community in Iran 5 Polska–Iran. Stosunki dyplomatyczne, konsularne, handlowe i kulturalne 4 Umowa handlowa, polsko-irańska współpraca gospodarcza i budowa kolei transirańskiej 69 توافقنامه تجاری، همکاری اقتصادی لهستان و ایران و ساخت راه آهن سراسری ایران The trade agreement, Polish-Persian economic cooperation, construction of the Trans-Iranian railway 5 Promocja sztuki perskiej, architektury, studia iranistyczne i nauka języka perskiego 97 ترویج هنر ایرانی، معماری، مطالعات ایرانی و یادگیری زبان فارسی Promotion of Iranian art, architecture, Iranian studies and Farsi courses 6 Praca polskich inżynierów, lekarzy, architektów i techników w różnych sektorach irańskiej gospodarki 113 کار مهندسین، پزشکان، معماران و تکنسین های لهستانی در بخشهای مختلف اقتصاد ایران Polish engineers, physicians, architects and technicians in various sec- tors of Iranian economy 7 Ceremoniał państwowy, protokół dyplomatyczny w pracy polskich i irań- skich dyplomatów 131 تشریفات و پروتکل دیپلماتیک در کار دیپلماتهای لهستانی و ایرانی State ceremonial and diplomatic protocol in the work of Polish and Ira- nian diplomats Zakończenie / / The Epilogue 143 Literatura / / Bibliography 153 6 Słowo wstępne Z przyjemnością polecam Państwa uwadze niniejsze opracowanie Aleksandra Wasilewskiego traktujące o polsko-perskich relacjach dyplomatycznych w dwudziestoleciu międzywojen- nym. Jestem wdzięczny Autorowi za wysiłek włożony w badania archiwalne w Polsce i Ira- nie, szereg konsultacji naukowych oraz ostatecznie – opublikowanie wyników swojej pracy w sposób uporządkowany. Jest to pierwsza próba całościowego podejścia do tego tematu, co w obliczu ograniczonej bibliografii stanowi o jej wyjątkowej wartości poznawczej. Relacje polsko-perskie mają ponad pięciusetletnią historię. W tej przestrzeni okres dwu- dziestolecia międzywojennego zajmuje szczególne miejsce. Polityka zagraniczna odrodzonej Rzeczpospolitej była podporządkowana realizacji witalnych interesów: potwierdzeniu po- łudniowych, wschodnich i zachodnich rubieży, budowie i umacnianiu sojuszy, nawiązywa- niu stosunków dyplomatycznych oraz tworzeniu sieci przedstawicielstw dyplomatycznych i konsularnych. Persja znalazła się wśród tych krajów, których geopolityczne i gospodar- cze znaczenie wymagało stałej obecności dyplomatycznej. Nie bez znaczenia były też wie- lowiekowe tradycje przyjaznych kontaktów, w tym fakt nieuznania przez Persję rozbiorów I Rzeczpospolitej. W pierwszych latach po odzyskaniu niepodległości w polityce zagranicznej ujawniła się potrzeba ukazywania tożsamości ustrojowej nowego państwa. Znamienne było wystąpie- nie ministra Augusta Zaleskiego przed Wysoką Izbą w 1926 roku, w którym powołał się na wartości republikańskie, które uosabiać miało odrodzone państwo polskie. Były to między innymi zasada równorzędności relacji międzynarodowych, odrzucenie ambicji kolonizator- skich, gotowość budowania współpracy w oparciu o wzajemne poszanowanie interesów i tra- dycji. Te wartości były też przywołane w Traktacie Przyjaźni zawartym z Persją w 1927 roku. W roku 2020 obchodzimy 90-lecie wejścia w życie Traktatu i publikacja ta dedykowana jest właśnie tej rocznicy, świadczącej o ciągłości tradycji przyjaznych relacji. Teheran, czerwiec 2020 roku. Maciej Fałkowski Ambasador Nadzwyczajny i Pełnomocny Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w Islamskiej Republice Iranu 7 پیشگفتار 8 Foreword It is with pleasure that I commend to the attention of the readers this work by Aleksander Wasilewski on Polish-Iranian diplomatic relations in the inter-war period. I am grateful to the Author for his efforts of researching Polish and Iranian archives, conducting a series of scientific consultations and finally sharing his findings in the form of this well-structured, scientifically sound publication. Given the very limited bibliography, this first comprehensive approach to the subject is of exceptional interest. Relations between Poland and Iran go back over five hundred years. Against this back- ground the inter-war period is of particular importance. The foreign policy of the newly re-established Republic was focused on securing its vital interests-stabilizing the southern, eastern and western frontiers, building and reinforcing alliances, establishing diplomatic re- lations and setting up a network of diplomatic and consular missions. Persia was considered a country whose geopolitical and economic importance required our permanent diplomatic presence. Centuries of friendly contacts and the fact that Persia had never recognized the partitions of Poland added a special significance to bilateral relations. In the first years of independence the new Polish state perceived the necessity to define its identity in foreign policy. In a notable speech delivered in the Sejm (lower chamber of Polish Parliament) in 1926, minister of Foreign Affairs August Zaleski pointed to the republican values that the new state was meant to embody. These embraced the principle of equality in international relations, the rejection of colonial ambitions, readiness to engage in collabora- tion based on mutual respect of interests and traditions. The same values were invoked in the Treaty of Friendship concluded with Persia in 1927 and entered into force in 1930 – exactly 90 years ago. The present publication, which celebrates this anniversary, illustrates the real- ities of the years 1918–1939 when our renewed relationship was assuming new shapes and scales, contributing to existing legacies and setting the scene for imminent developments of the II WW – yet another period which bound our two nations. Tehran, June 2020 Maciej Fałkowski Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Poland
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