Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns Before 600 CE Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns Before 600 CE

Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns Before 600 CE Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns before 600 CE What are the four most well known ancient trade routes? • Mediterranean Sea Maritime Trade (c. 1550 BCE – Present) • Trans-Saharan Trade Routes (c. 800 BCE – Present) • Indian Ocean Maritime Trade Route (c. 300 BCE – Present) • Eurasian Silk Road (c. 200 BCE – Present) What other ancient trade routes were important? • Via Maris or “The way of the Sea” (c. 3100 BCE – 1500 CE) • Canal of the Pharaohs (c. 600 BCE – 767 CE) • Incense Trade Route (c. 300 BCE – 200 CE) • Grand Trunk Trade Route (c. 300 BCE – Present) • The Amber Road (c. 200 BCE – 300 CE) Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns before 600 CE Mediterranean Sea Trade Route • Originated by Phoenician Sea-faring traders (c. 1550 BCE) • Centered on the Phoenician trade centers of Carthage, Cyrene and Tyre • Travel by sea was usually by means of a man-powered vessel with oars Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns before 600 CE VIA MARIS “Way of the Sea” • Mediterranean Coastal Trade Route originated in the Levant (c. 3100 BCE) KING’S HIGHWAYS • Linking land trade routes connected the regions of Egypt to Mesopotamia (c. 3000 – 1500 BCE) • VIA MARIS and the KING’S HIGHWAYS paved the way for the Phoenicians to create a vast Mediterranean Trade Route by 1550 BCE Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns before 600 CE TRANS-SAHARAN TRADE ROUTES • The Darb el-Arbain trade route is the earliest of the known Trans-Saharan Caravan Trade Routes (c. 3000 BCE) linking Egypt to the Sudan & Ethiopia • Nomadic Saharan Tribes known as Berber were the first to dominate trade • Expansion of the Trans-Saharan Trade Networks occurred due to the domestication of the Camel (c. 1000 BCE) and the spread of Islam (c. 640 CE) Basra Persia Egypt Hormuz China India Afro-Eurasian Canton Cambay Dhufar Trade Patterns Aksum Aden Calicut Before 600 CE Zeila Ethiopia INDIAN OCEAN TRADE • Incense Trade from Dhufar Sumatra Zanzibar and Aden served as the driving force to open Indian Kilwa Java Ocean Trade by c. 300 BCE Madagascar • The Canal of the Pharaohs: Sofala Completed by Ptolemy II in 274/273 BCE Created a shipping route from the Nile River to the • Greco-Roman Indian Gulf of Suez (Red Sea) Ocean trade expanded by 200 CE due to trade • Camel Caravans linked Red in Perfumes & Spices Sea ports to Arabia by land Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns before 600 CE SILK ROAD • The earliest records of trade along the Silk Road dates to 2nd Century BCE • Diplomats like Zhang Qian (c. 138-139 BCE) and Buddhist Pilgrims like Fa-Hsien (c. 399 – 414 CE) were the earliest to record the people and trade of the route Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns before 600 CE • The Grand Trunk Route (Northern India) Linked the Mauryan Empire of India to the rd Silk Route as early as the 3 Century BCE. Still used today by cross-country truckers • The Amber Road (Northern Europe) Developed around 1st Century CE Amber treasured in Greece, Rome & Egypt as a Jewel & Static power Danube replaced route by 300 CE Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns before 600 CE CHANGES IN TRANSPORTATION • Domestication of the Horse occurred by 4000 BCE • Hittites & Hyksos used Horse drawn Chariots c. 1800 BCE • Assyrians & Sythians developed padded saddle c. 800 BCE • Sarmatians developed saddle with girth and breastplate to help keep the saddle secure by c. 300 BCE • Sarmatians are also credited with developing a stirrup for mounting the horse • The first known double stirrup was in China c. 322 CE • Origins for use of the Ox and Yoke can not be determined • However, it was used in ancient Egypt, China & Persia Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns before 600 CE CHANGES IN TRANSPORTATION • The Bactrain (two hump) Camel was domesticated around 2700 BCE • The Arabian (one hump) Camel was domesticated around 1000 BCE • The earliest known use of a Saddle for Camels occurred by 1200 BCE • By 1000 BCE, use of Camel Caravans were popular throughout the regions of Central Asia • By c. 800 BCE, Camels were being used in the Trans-Sahara • Between 500 – 100 BCE, Bactrain Camels were being used in the Persian military Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns before 600 CE CHANGES IN TRANSPORTATION • The Lateen Sail & Dhow Egyptians & Phoenicians used Square Sails as early as 3500 BCE Arabs developed the first Triangular sails c. 200 BCE Greeks were using the Dhow and Triangular sails on the Agean Sea by the end of the 2nd Century BCE In the 3rd Century CE, the Dhow and Lateen sails dominated sea trade from the Mediterranean to East Africa and the Indian Ocean .

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