Povratak U Prošlost Back to the Past
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Povratak u prošlost Back to the past BAKRENO DOBA U SJEVERNOJ HRVATSKOJ COPPER AGE IN NORTHERN CROATIA IMPRESSUM ARHEOLOŠKI MUZEJ U ZAGREBU • FILOZOFSKI FAKULTET SVEUČILIŠTA U ZAGREBU • ARHEOLOŠKI MUZEJ OSIJEK Archaeological Museum in Zagreb Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Zagreb Archaeological Museum Osijek NAKLADNICI / PUBLISHERS LEKTURA / PROOF READING Arheološki muzej u Zagrebu / Archaelogical museum in Tihomila Težak-Gregl (tekstovi na hrvatskom jeziku Zagreb / texts in Croatian language) Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu / Faculty of Hu- Aleksandra Šulović (tekstovi na srpskom jeziku manities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb / texts in Serbian language) Arheološki muzej Osijek / Archaeological museum Osijek PRIJEVOD / TRANSLATION ZA NAKLADNIKE / FOR THE PUBLISHERS Ana Đukić Sanjin Mihelić Vesna Vlahović-Štetić RECENZENTICA / REVIEWER Tomislav Hršak Tihomila Težak-Gregl UREDNICE / EDITORS OBLIKOVANJE I PRIPREMA ZA TISAK / GRAPHIC DESIGN & DTP Jacqueline Balen Srećko Škrinjarić Ina Miloglav Dragana Rajković TISAK / PRINT Tiskara Zelina AUTORI TEKSTOVA / AUTHORS OF THE TEXTS Dragana Antonović NAKLADA / PRINT RUN Arheološki institut, Beograd / Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade 300 primjeraka / copies Jacqueline Balen Arheološki muzej u Zagrebu / Archaeological museum in Zagreb amz ISBN 978-953-8143-18-2 Antonela Barbir FFZG ISBN 978-953-175-818-5 Institut za arheologiju, Zagreb / Institute of Archaeology, Zagreb amo ISBN 978-953-7559-10-6 Lea Čataj Hrvatski restauratorski zavod, Zagreb / Croatian Conservation Institute, Zagreb DOI: 10.17234/9789531758185 Ana Đukić Arheološki muzej u Zagrebu / Archaeological museum in Zagreb CIP zapis dostupan u računalnome katalogu Ana Grabundžija Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu Freie Universität Berlin, Excellence Cluster Topoi pod brojem 001019517. Ivor Janković Institut za antropologiju, Zagreb / Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb Ina Miloglav Odsjek za arheologiju, Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu / Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sci- ences, University of Zagreb Mario Novak Institut za antropologiju, Zagreb / Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb Ivana Pandžić Muzej Republike Srpske, Banja Luka / Museum of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka Maja Pasarić Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Zagreb / Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Research, Zagreb Andrijana Pravidur Povratak u prošlost Zemaljski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo / National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo Dragana Rajković Arheološki muzej Osijek / Archaeological museum Osijek Kelly Reed Back to the past Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford Tihomila Težak Gregl Odsjek za arheologiju, Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu / Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sci- BAKRENO DOBA U SJEVERNOJ HRVATSKOJ ences, University of Zagreb Selena Vitezović COPPER AGE IN NORTHERN CROATIA Arheološki institut, Beograd / Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade Zagreb, 2018. SADRŽAJ / CONTENT SADRŽAJ / CONTENT Tihomila Težak Gregl DRUGI DIO / PART TWO RAZLIČITI ASPEKTI života BAKRENODOBNIH ZAJEDNICA NA šIREM PROSTORU / DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF LIFE 7 UVOD / INTRODUCTION OF ENEOLITHIC COMMUNITIES IN A WIDER AREA PRVI DIO / PART ONE Antonela Barbir BAKRENODOBNE kulture U SJEVERNOJ Hrvatskoj / COPPER AGE cultures IN NORTHERN Croatia 147 BAKRENODOBNA KAMENA GRAĐA U kontinentalnoj Hrvatskoj / COPPER AGE STONE FINDS FROM continental Croatia Dragana Rajković Selena Vitezović 19 ENEOLITIČKA faza SOPOTSKE kulture - KRAJ NEOLITIKA I početak ENEOLITIKA NA PODRUČJU 161 Koštana INDUSTRIJA eneolitičkoga PERIODA U JUGOISTOČNOJ EUROPI / BONE INDUSTRY IN THE SJEVEROISTOČNE Hrvatske / THE ENEOLITHIC PHASE OF THE SOPOT culture – THE END OF THE NEOLITHIC ENEOLITHIC PERIOD IN THE SOUTH-EAST EUROPE AND THE BEGINNING OF THE ENEOLITHIC IN NORTHEASTERN Croatia Dragana Antonović Lea Čataj 187 ENEOLITSKI RUDNICI BAKRA NA BALKANU / ENEOLITHIC COPPER MINES IN THE BALKANS 25 LASINJSKA kultura / THE LASINJA culture Ivor Janković, Mario Novak Lea Čataj 211 Bioarheologija BAKRENODOBNIH POPULACIJA NA tlu kontinentalne Hrvatske / BioarchaeologY 49 Kultura RETZ-GAJARY / THE RETZ-GAJARY culture OF COPPER AGE populations IN continental Croatia Jacqueline Balen Maja Pasarić 65 BADENSKA kultura / THE BADEN culture 225 Ukopi žIVOTINJA U ENEOLITIČKIM NASELJIMA kontinentalne Hrvatske / ANIMAL BURIALS IN ENEOLITHIC SETTLEMENTS OF continental Croatia Ana Đukić 87 KOSTOLAČKA kultura / THE KOSTOLAC culture Kelly Reed 239 RAZVOJ POLJOPRIVREDE U ENEOLITIKU: arheobotanički ostaci / THE development OF farming Ina Miloglav IN THE ENEOLITHIC: THE archaeobotanical REMAINS 113 VUČEDOLSKA kultura / THE VUČEDOL culture Ana Grabundžija 257 ENEOLITIČKA PROIZVODNJA TEKSTILA / ENEOLITHIC TEXTILE PRODUCTION Ana Grabundžija 287 NITI koje VEžU ELITU. LOCIRANJE ENEOLITIČKIH TEKSTILNIH zanata / THREADS that BIND THE establishement. HOUSING ENEOLITHIC TEXTILE CRAFT Ivana Pandžić 325 Eksploatacija SOLI U ENEOLITIKU / THE EXploitation OF salt IN THE ENEOLITHIC Andrijana Pravidur 337 BAKAR U ENEOLITIČKIM kulturnim ZAJEDNICAMA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE / COPPER IN ENEOLITHIC COMMUNITIES OF BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA Uvod Introduction Tihomila Težak Gregl Odsjek za arheologiju Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Zagreb [email protected] DOI: 10.17234/9789531758185-01 Periodizacija, odnosno dioba prapovijesti na raz- The periodization, i.e. the division of prehistory doblja, etape, odsjeke, stupnjeve ili faze pomoć- into periods, epochs, stages, degrees or phases, is no je sredstvo koje omogućuje pregledan uvid u an auxiliary agent that allows for the creation of razvoj čovjeka i njegova društva. No, kako je svaki a comprehensive overview of the development of pojam nešto što raste i mijenja se s novim istra- man and society. However, as every term is a thing živanjima, tako se i podjela prapovijesti tijekom that grows and changes with new research, the di- njezine primjene mijenjala i dopunjavala novim vision of prehistory also changed and was added sadržajima. U tom su smislu i pojmovi bakrenoga to through its application. In that sense, the terms i brončanoga doba u razna vremena različito odre- of the Cooper and the Bronze Age were differently đivani. U prvoj općeprihvaćenoj trodobnoj podje- defined at different times. In the first generally ac- li prapovijesti Christiana Jürgensena Thomsena cepted division of prehistory into three periods, koja je polazila od konkretnih materijalnih nalaza made by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen based on ac- bez povijesnoteorijske pozadine nije bilo bakre- tual material remains without a historical and theo- noga doba već on „oružja i oštra oruđa izrađena retical background, there was no mention of the od bakra ili bronce“ smješta u brončano doba. Copper Age. The author placed “weapons and sharp Njegova trodobna podjela na kameno, brončano tools made of copper or bronze” into the Bronze i željezno doba temeljila se isključivo na pojavi Age. His tripartite division into the Stone, Bronze nove sirovine i tehnologije njezine obrade. Vjero- and Iron Age was based exclusively on the appear- jatno je Thomsen već tada bio svjestan da su uz ance of a new raw material and the technology used tehnološka postignuća vezane i druge pojave u to process it. Thomsen was probably already aware materijalnoj kulturi, ali nije uočio da s time mora- that technological achievements were accompa- ju biti povezane i neke promjene u društvu. Ipak nied by other occurrences in the material culture, s vremenom tako Thomsenovi pojmovi kamenoga, but he did not realize that social changes had to be brončanoga i željeznoga doba počinju dobivati i connected to them as well. With time, Thomsen’s drugi sadržaj. Počelo se ispitivati što je još novoga concepts of the Stone, Bronze and Iron Age began bilo povezano s pojavom novih sirovina, jesu li se to acquire new content. The questions arose on i drugi aspekti života mijenjali. I dok je za Thomse- what else was connected to the appearance of new na dostatna bila pojava nove sirovine, Gordon raw materials, and whether other aspects of life Childe je tražio promjene u društvenoj strukturi. had changed. While the emergence of a new raw S obzirom na činjenicu da je Thomsenova podjela material was enough for Thomsen, Gordon Childe uključivala samo tri glavna doba, ubrzo se pokaza- looked for changes in the social structure. Consid- lo da je nužna preciznija dioba, najprije kamenoga ering the fact that Thomsen’s division included only Sve ilustracije u Uvodnom poglavlju dio su izložbe Povratak u prošlost - bakreno doba u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj, Arheološki doba na starije i mlađe, potom i srednje, a zatim three main periods, it soon became apparent that a muzej u Zagrebu, 2018. / All the illustrations in the Introductory Chapter are part of exhibition Back to the past - Copper Age in Northern Croa- se uvidjelo da nije moguće jednostavno povući more precise division was necessary, at first of the tia, Archaeological museum in Zagreb, 2018. (foto / photo: I. Krajcar) crtu između kamenih i metalnih doba. Niz novih Stone Age into Early and Late, and then the Middle. copper age in northern croatia back to the past 7 pojava i zajednica nije se po svojoj gospodarskoj It then became clear that it was not possible to draw i društvenoj strukturi, ali ni po materijalnoj i du- a straight line between the Stone and Metal Ages. hovnoj ostavštini