Los Califóridos, Éstridos, Rinofóridos Y Sarcofágidos (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Oestridae, Rhinophoridae, Sarcophagidae) De Colombia Biota Colombiana, Vol

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Los Califóridos, Éstridos, Rinofóridos Y Sarcofágidos (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Oestridae, Rhinophoridae, Sarcophagidae) De Colombia Biota Colombiana, Vol Biota Colombiana ISSN: 0124-5376 [email protected] Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Colombia Pape, Thomas; Wolff, Marta; C. Amat, Eduardo Los califóridos, éstridos, rinofóridos y sarcofágidos (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Oestridae, Rhinophoridae, Sarcophagidae) de Colombia Biota Colombiana, vol. 5, núm. 2, diciembre, 2004, pp. 201-208 Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Bogotá, Colombia Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49150202 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Biota Colombiana 5 (2) 201 - 208, 2004 Los califóridos, éstridos, rinofóridos y sarcofágidos (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Oestridae, Rhinophoridae, Sarcophagidae) de Colombia Thomas Pape1, Marta Wolff2 y Eduardo C. Amat3 1 Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 50007 SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden [email protected] 2 Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medellín [email protected] 3 Instituto de Investigación de recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, [email protected] Palabras Clave: Califóridos, Éstridos, Rinofóridos, Sarcofágidos, Lista de Especies, Colombia Califóridos, éstridos, rinofóridos y sarcofágidos ovis y una o dos especies del género Gasterophilus. Apa- conforman junto con los Taquínidos la superfamilia rentemente las especies cosmopolitas Hypoderma bovis y Oestroidea (Mc Alpine 1989). Hypoderma lineatum no se han establecido en Suramérica ecuatorial (Guimarães & Papavero 1999), pero es posible Según datos morfológicos la familia Calliphoridae es un que puedan ser introducidas por medio del ganado impor- clado parafilético o aun, polifilético (Rognes 1997). Las de- tado. El último catálogo de la familia para la región más familias al parecer exhiben una monofilia bien corrobo- Neotropical fue escrito por Guimarães & Papavero (1999). rada (Rognes 1997; Pape & Arnaud 2001). La familia Rhinophoridae es comparable en tamaño con Calliphoridae consta de aproximadamente 1000 especies en Oestridae; consta de 142 especies en 23 géneros. La biolo- el mundo, de las cuales solo 126 se encuentran en el gía de este grupo es conocida para algunas especies euro- Neotrópico (Amorin et al. 2002). La biología de los califóridos peas y afrotropicales, todas parásitas de isópodos. La mor- es muy variada: generalmente necrófagos, también los hay fología de la larva sugiere que las especies neotropicales predadores y parasitoides de caracoles y lombrices de tie- pueden presentar una biología similar (Pape & Arnaud 2001). rra; algunos son huéspedes de termiteros; otros, de impor- Es posible encontrados entre los 500 y 2300 metros de altu- tancia médica y veterinaria, como las especies que produ- ra. En este trabajo se hace el primer registro de la familia en cen miasis en aves y mamíferos, entre ellos al hombre. Ac- Colombia. tualmente su biología recobra gran importancia en el área de la entomología forense. La fauna neotropical de La familia Sarcophagidae comprende 2600 especies descri- califóridos esta compuesta por cinco subfamilias: tas en el mundo distribuidas en tres subfamilias: Calliphorinae, Luciliinae, Chrysomyinae (incl. Toxotarsinae), Miltogramminae, Paramacronychiinae y Sarcophaginae, Melanomyinae y Mesembrinellinae además de algunas es- estas dos últimas conforman un grupo hermano (Pape 1996). pecies introducidas de Polleniinae (James 1970; Rognes 1997). James (1970) reconoce en el último catálogo para la Miltogramminae son especies de tamaño medio, principal- región neotropical las subfamilias neotropicales mente son cleptoparásitas en nidos de avispas y abejas soli- Mesembrinellinae y Toxotarsinae además de Chrysomyiinae tarias, aunque algunas especies del género Eumacronychia y Calliphorinae. se desarrollan y alimentan en huevos de tortuga y lagartos. Paramacronychiinae y Sarcophaginae cuenta con especies La familia Oestridae está constituida por 4 subfamilias, 24 de una amplia biología: incluye carroñeros, coprófagos, al- géneros y cerca de 150 especies (Pape 2001), todas parási- gunos que causan miasis en anfibios y mamíferos, huéspe- tas de mamíferos cuya larva es encontrada alimentándose des de hormigueros y termiteros, predadores de huevos de bajo la piel, en el canal alimentario y en el área nasal o arácnidos, larvas de lepidópteros y pupas de abejas; ade- faríngea. Sólo la subfamilia Cuterebrinae se encuentra en más llegan a ser parasitoides altamente especializados de Colombia, sin embargo se espera la presencia de Oestrus muchos otros artrópodos. 202- Los califóridos, éstridos, rinofóridos y sarcofágidos de Colombia Pape et al. En la región Neotropical la subfamilia Sarcophaginae es la Ningún estudio se ha llevado a cabo acerca de los sarcofágidos más rica en especies y diversidad morfológica (Pape 1996), colombianos, solo algunas descripciones de holotipos colom- caso contrario es representado por las escasas Miltogramminae bianos fueros publicadas por Walker (1853), Enderlein (1928), y Paramacronychiinae, esta última representada unicamente Townsend (1931), Hall (1937), Lopes (1941, 1945, 1946, 1951, por la especie Galopagomyia inoa endémica de Islas 1953, 1961, 1962, 1968, 1991) y Dodge (1965), el catalogo más Galápagos. reciente para la región neotropical es el escrito por Pape (1996). The blow flies, bot flies, woodlouse flies and flesh flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Oestridae, Rhinophoridae, Sarcophagidae) of Colombia Thomas Pape, Marta Wolff and Eduardo C. Amat Key Words: Calliphoridae, Oestridae, Rhinophoridae, Sarcophagidae, Check List, Colombia Blow flies, bot flies, woodlouse flies and flesh flies stable populations in equatorial South America (Guimarães - together with the large family Tachinidae - constitute the & Papavero 1999), yet these species could possibly occur superfamily Oestroidea (McAlpine 1989). The family in imported cattle. The most recent catalogue of Neotropical Calliphoridae in its present state may be paraphyletic or Oestridae is found in Guimarães & Papavero (1999). even polyphyletic (Rognes 1997). The monophyly of the remaining families now appears well corroborated Woodlouse flies are numerically comparable to the bot (Rognes 1997; Pape & Arnaud 2001). flies in having 142 species in 23 genera. Their breeding biology is only known for some European and a single Blow flies in a traditional sense contain some 1000 species Afrotropical species, all of which are parasites of woodlice. worldwide, with only about 126 species recorded from the Larval morphology strongly suggests that the Neotropical Neotropical region (Amorin et al. 2002). The biology of species have a similar biology (Pape & Arnaud 2001). blow flies is varied, and apart from living in vertebrate Neotropical woodlouse flies seem to be rare in the lowlands and are usually found at elevations of 500-2300 meters. carrion the family contains predators or parasitoids of No woodlouse flies were known from Colombia prior to earthworms and snails in addition to inquilines in termite this checklist. nests. Other species, of medical or veterinary importance, are myiasis-producers among birds and mammals, including Flesh flies or Sarcophagidae is a family with about 2600 humans. Blow fly biology is currently becoming more described species worldwide. The family may be split in important in the area of forensic entomology. The three subfamilies: Miltogramminae, Paramacronychiinae, Neotropical fauna contains species belonging to 5 and Sarcophaginae, of which the latter two are sister subfamilies: Calliphorinae, Luciliinae, Chrysomyiinae (incl. groups (Pape 1996). Toxotarsinae), Melanomyinae and Mesembrinellinae, plus some introduced species of Polleniinae (James 1970; Rognes The Miltogramminae are medium-sized species, and the 1997). The last catalogue of Neotropical Calliphoridae was large majority are kleptoparasites in nests of solitary wasps provided by James (1970) and included the following and bees, although species of Eumacronychia are known subfamilies: Mesembrinellinae, Toxotarsinae, Chrysomyinae to breed in eggs of turtles and lizards. Species of the and Calliphorinae. Paramacronychiinae and Sarcophaginae are biologically varied and include scavengers, coprophages, myiasis- The bot fly family contains about 150 species, arranged in producers in amphibians and mammals, inquilines in nests 24 genera and four subfamilies (Pape 2001), although of ants and termites, predators of spider egg sacs, generic concepts have not yet stabilized completely. All lepidopteran larvae and bumble bee pupae, and highly species are parasites of mammals, with larvae being found specialized parasitoids of arthropods. under the skin, in the alimentary canal, or in the naso- pharyngeal area. Only the subfamily Cuterebrinae is native In the Neotropical region, the diversity of Miltogramminae to Colombia, yet one or two species of horse bot flies is rather low; the Paramacronychiinae are represented only (Gasterophilus sp.) as well as the sheep bot fly (Oestrus ovis) by Galopagomyia inoa endemic to the Galápagos Islands, may occur. The practically cosmopolitan ox warble flies while the Sarcophaginae are remarkably diverse in (Hypoderma bovis and H. lineatum) apparently have no morphology as well as in species (Pape 1996). Biota Colombiana 5 (2), 2004 Pape et al. The blow flies, bot
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