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Suicide Bend6 (20MT158): an Archaeological Investigation in the Huron-Manistee National Forests Along the Manistee River, Manistee County, Michigan Russell Snyder St

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Suicide Bend6 (20MT158): an Archaeological Investigation in the Huron-Manistee National Forests Along the Manistee River, Manistee County, Michigan Russell Snyder St St. Cloud State University theRepository at St. Cloud State Culminating Projects in Cultural Resource Department of Anthropology Management 12-2017 Suicide Bend6 (20MT158): An Archaeological Investigation in the Huron-Manistee National Forests along the Manistee River, Manistee County, Michigan Russell Snyder St. Cloud State University Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/crm_etds Recommended Citation Snyder, Russell, "Suicide Bend6 (20MT158): An Archaeological Investigation in the Huron-Manistee National Forests along the Manistee River, Manistee County, Michigan" (2017). Culminating Projects in Cultural Resource Management. 18. https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/crm_etds/18 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Anthropology at theRepository at St. Cloud State. It has been accepted for inclusion in Culminating Projects in Cultural Resource Management by an authorized administrator of theRepository at St. Cloud State. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Suicide Bend 6 (20MT158): An Archaeological Investigation in the Huron- Manistee National Forests along the Manistee River, Manistee County, Michigan by Russell S. Snyder A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of St. Cloud State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Science December, 2017 Thesis Committee: Mark Muñiz, Chairperson Rob Mann James Renn Abstract Russell S. Snyder: Suicide Bend 6 (20MT158) an Archaeological Investigation on the Manistee River The Huron-Manistee National Forests heritage staff conducted a Phase II archaeological evaluation of the Late Woodland site 20MT158, located on the Manistee River, Manistee County, Michigan. 20MT158 consists of a core and biface manufacturing site situated on the east edge of a strath-terrace overlooking the river. The purpose of this evaluation was to determine overall site integrity, determine site function, ascertain a specific cultural tradition or phase beyond Late Woodland, and make a National Register of Historic Places eligibility determination. A historical context was developed in order to address the regional issue of whether or not Canadian-Carolinian Biotic transition zone Late Woodland subsistence-settlement system strategies could be identified. Results from studying terrace geomorphology and lithic analysis revealed that the occupants used technological organization strategies during their seasonal migration round. 20MT158 acted as a staging area were mobile tool kits were refurbished before undertaking the next segment of the seasonal journey. 2 Acknowledgement I would first like to thank my thesis advisor Professor Mark Muñiz of the College of Liberal Arts at St. Cloud State University. Professor Muñiz was always available whenever I ran into a trouble spot or had a question about my research or writing. He consistently allowed this paper to be my own work, but steered me in the right direction whenever I needed it. I would also like to thank the Huron Manistee National Forests for allowing me to undertake this project, utilize their Chittenden facility, and access their unpublished cultural resource management materials. I would still be conducting fieldwork if not for the wonderful Passport-In-Time volunteers and Huron Manistee National Forests personnel who eagerly gave their time and energy. I would like to thank Bob and Patti Dunning, Nicholas Lower, Eleanor Oskerep, Hannah Hirsch, Tom Wallace, Stacy Hammond, Joe Maile, Ramona Venegas, Nan Lowe, David VanDerworp, Charles Conrad, Dale Hall, Wade Fullerton, Christine Bronk, Florin Krepela, and Barb Heidel. Special thanks go out to Trevor Hobbs, Forest Williams and Jon Meeks for their assistance with the soils and mapping. I would also like to acknowledge Professor Rob Mann of the College of Liberal Arts at St. Cloud State University and Archaeologist James Renn at Huron Manistee National Forests as the second readers of this thesis, and I am gratefully indebted to their very valuable insights. Finally, I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents and friends for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement. Thank you. Author Russell Snyder Table of Contents List of Tables .......................................................................................................................6 List of Figures .......................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1: Introduction .........................................................................................................9 Chapter 2: Environmental Setting ........................................................................................15 2.1 Wisconsin Glaciations .......................................................................................15 2.2 Biotic Province Zones ........................................................................................18 Chapter 3: Cultural Environment .........................................................................................25 3.1 Paleoindian (12,000 to 10,000 BP) ....................................................................25 3.2 Archaic (10,000 to 2500 BP) .............................................................................30 3.3 Woodland (2500 to 400 BP) ..............................................................................38 3.4 Contact period (400 to 100 BP) .........................................................................47 Chapter 4: Archaeological Research ....................................................................................50 4.1 Previous Research ..............................................................................................51 4.2 Current Research ................................................................................................58 Chapter 5: Methodology ......................................................................................................61 5.1 Field Methods ....................................................................................................63 5.2 Analysis/Analytical Techniques ........................................................................74 Chapter 6: Results ................................................................................................................82 Chapter 7: Conclusions .......................................................................................................117 References Cited .................................................................................................................128 Appendix A - Lithic Analysis Findings ..............................................................................140 Appendix B - Flotation Sample Recovery Findings ...........................................................180 4 Appendix C -Site map showing chert sourcing areas .........................................................189 Appendix D - Optical Stimulated Luminescence Results ...................................................192 Appendix E - Radiocarbon Date Results ............................................................................196 Appendix F-Source material field testing photographs ......................................................215 5 List of Tables Table 2.1 Late Wisconsin glaciation of Michigan’s Lower Peninsula ..................................18 Table 5.1 Test unit excavation maximum depths below surface ...........................................64 Table 5.2 Processed column flotation samples ......................................................................68 Table 5.3 Breakdown of Tunk Hole terrace soil characteristics ............................................69 Table 5.4 Late Woodland ceramics of Michigan ...................................................................76 Table 6.1 Flotation sample heavy fraction artifact recovery .................................................86 Table 6.2 Auger test soil identification results ......................................................................90 Table 6.3 Pottery recovered from Suicide Bend 6 .................................................................96 Table 6.4 Synopsis of initial lithic analysis results ................................................................98 Table 6.5 Debitage condition analysis ...................................................................................101 Table 6.6 Relative frequencies of complete (whole) flakes types for core preparation/ testing and biface/uniface production based on maximum length and thickness ratio and sorted by weight ..............................................................................................................108 Table 6.7 Heat treated lithic materials counts and distributions ............................................112 Table 6.8 Descriptive table of bifaces and flake tools ...........................................................114 6 List of Figures Figure 1.1 Biotic Province Locations of Michigan’s Lower Peninsula .................................9 Figure 1.2 General location of Suicide Bend 6 ......................................................................11 Figure 1.3 Specific location of Suicide Bend 6 .....................................................................11 Figure 1.4 Suicide Bend 6 Phase 1 testing location map .......................................................12 Figure 3.1 State-wide
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