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• TETXDB SERvER Austin ETWEEN NOW and November 6, the crucial equation „(,, The Texas Observer Publishing Co.. 1984 for state Senator Lloyd Doggett to solve involves the Ronnie Dugger, Publisher B amount of money that must be raised to add to his base of support from the Democratic primary in order to pull Vol. 76, No. 17 7 .1: , .' -7 August 31, 1984 enough votes from the yet uncommitted to defeat Phil Gramm Incorporating the State Observer and the East Texas Democrat, in the general election. In a state with wide expanses to traverse which in turn incorporated the Austin Forum-Advocate. and more than a dozen major television markets, television EDITOR Geoffrey Rips air-time becomes the determining factor in a close election. ASSOCIATE EDITOR Dave Denison EDITOR AT LARGE Ronnie Dugger Doggett has devoted a good portion of his summer to raising SOCIAL CAUSE EDITOR Chula Sims the money necessary to provide television advertising during EDITORIAL INTERN: Teo Furtado September and October throughout the state. WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENT: Al Watkins LAYOUT AND DESIGN: Alicia Daniel In an interview conducted in his Austin campaign office EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Frances Barton, Austin,; Elroy Bode, Kerr- on August 1, Sen. Doggett discussed the campaign he is waging ville; Chandler Davidson, Houston; Bob Eckhardt, Washington, D.C.; Sissy against Phil Gramm for the U.S. Senate nomination. Following Farenthold, Houston; Ruperto Garcia, Austin; John Kenneth Galbraith, Cam- bridge, Mass.; Lawrence Goodwyn, Durham, N.C.; George Hendrick, Urbana, delays caused by his participation in the state legislature's Ill.; Molly Ivins, Dallas; Larry L. King, Washington, D.C.; Maury Maverick, special session in June and the Democratic National Jr., San Antonio; Willie Morris, Oxford, Miss.; Kaye Northcott, Austin; James Convention in July, Doggett pronounced his campaign "in Presley. Texarkana. Tx.; Susan Reid, Austin; A. R. (Babe) Schwartz, Galveston; Fred Schmidt, Tehachapi, Cal., Robert Sherrill, Tallahassee, Fla. high gear." He had just returned from a two-day campaign CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Warren Burnett, Nina Butts, Jo Clifton, Craig swing through Texas, hitting Vernon, Wichita Falls, Bowie, Clifford, John Henry Faulk, Ed Garcia. Bill Helmer, Jack Hopper, Amy Johnson. Sherman, Denison, Lufkin, Longview, and San Augustine. Laurence Jolidon, Mary Lenz, Matt Lyon, Rick Piltz, Susan Raleigh, Paul Sweeney, Michael Ventura, Lawrence Walsh. "Much of the attention has got to be focused on CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERS: Alan Pogue, Russell Lee, Scott Van fundraising," Doggett said. "Gramm has got millions of Osdol, Alicia Daniel. dollars to spend, and we've got a smaller deficit than the CONTRIBUTING ARTISTS: Jeff Danziger, Beth Epstein, Dan Hubig, Pat other candidates from the spring, but a deficit nonetheless. Johnson. Kevin Kreneck, Carlos Lowry, Joe McDermott, Ben Sargent, Gail Raising money in smaller amounts, as we've been able to Woods. A journal of free voices do, is wonderful, but it takes longer to put together the lcind - We will serve no group or party but will hew hard to the truth as we find of resources that we need to have to respond to his [Gramm's] it and the right as we see it. We are dedicated to the whole truth, to human media blitz that has been going on non-stop since the runoff, values above all interests, to the rights of humankind as the foundation of even to be able to respond by September. It's going to take democracy; we will take orders from none but our own conscience, and never will we overlook or misrepresent the truth to serve the interests of the power- a significant amount of our energy devoted toward fundrais- ful or cater to the ignoble in the human spirit. ing." Writers are responsible for their own work, but not for anything they have not themselves written, and in publishing them we do not necessarily imply Now Doggett is no slouch in the fundraising department, that we agree with them because this is a journal of free voices. though he trails Gramm in that regard. According to the national office of Common Cause, Doggett and Gramm are Managing Publisher Cliff Olofson among the top ten Senate fundraisers — and spenders — in Advertising & Development Director Dana Loy the country. Gramm ranks fifth, and Doggett is sixth. Through Subscription Manager Alicia Daniel the June 30 federal reporting period, Gramm had raised $3.7 Circulation Assistant Stefan Wanstrom million and Doggett had raised $3.1 million. While Gramm Consultant Frances Barton and Doggett both spent significant amounts on their primary Editorial and Business Office campaigns, Gramm faced little real opposition in the 600 West 7th Street, Austin, Texas 78701 Republican primary and was free virtually to ignore his (512) 477-0746 Republican opponents and begin campaigning for the The Texas Observer (ISSN 0040-4519) is published biweekly except for a three-week inter- val between issues in January and July (25 issues per year) by the Texas Observer Publishing November election as soon as he announced his candidacy Co., 600 West 7th Street, Austin, Texas 78701, (512) 477-0746. Second class postage paid at Austin, Texas. in 1983. Doggett, on the other hand, had to fight his way Single copy (current or back issue) $1.00 prepaid. One year, $20; two years, $38; three through a grueling primary and runoff before setting his sights years. S56. One year rate for full-time students. $13. Airmail, foreign, group, and bulk rates and his advertising on a Republican opponent. on request. Microfilm editions available from University Microfilms Intl.. 300 N. Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Michigan 48106. Doggett and Gramm are also among the top ten senatorial Copyright 1984 by Texas Observer Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Material may not be reproduced without permission. recipients of political action committee contributions. Accord- POSTMASTER: Send form 3579 to: 600 West 7th Street, Austin, Texas 78701. ing to federal reports filed for the period January 1, 1984 through June 30, Doggett has received $267,876.74 in PAC

2 AUGUST 31, 1984 Texas Instruments;RepublicBank;GulfStatesUtilities;the Dresser Industries. Texas CommerceBancshares;EXPAC;Amoco;Celanese; and Light;HoustonIndustries;theNationalRifleAssociation; Fund foraConservativeMajority;HuntOil;CentralPower Coca-Cola NonpartisanCommitteeforGoodGovernment; Auto andTruckdealersPAC;AmericanBankFEDPAC; Gramm's campaignhasreceivedmajorcontributionsfromthe Organization ofWomen;SANE;andtheSierraClub. the NationalCommitteeforanEffectiveCongress; Workers ofAmerica;theLeagueConservationVoters; Litton; CampaignAmerica;GeneralMills;E-Systems;and Fund foraDemocraticMajority;theAFL-CIOCOPEfund; County, andMunicipalEmployees;theCommunications to eachcandidate.Doggett'smajorPACcontributorsinclude: difference, however,liesinthenatureofPACscontributing Friends oftheEarth;AmericanFederationState, money comparedto$301,856.19forGramm.Thebig Bentsen andformerDemocraticpartychairRobertStrauss. Wright (See"PoliticalIntelligence")andfromSen.Lloyd will beultimatelyproductive."Bentsen,particularly,hasa helpful, also,inintroducingmetosomepeople.Ithinkthat said. "Ithinkhe'llbeveryhelpful.AmbassadorStrausswas has receivedfundraisingassistancefromCongressmanJim Bentsen "two-faced,"Grammaccusedofpeddling the keyracestoretakeSenateforDemocrats,"Doggett Democratic ticketfortheSenatenominationin1976.Calling score tosettlewithGramm,whoopposedhimonthe Senatorial CampaignCommittee,islookingatthisasoneof positions inTexas. a presidentialbid)whilerunningonmoreconservative a liberallineinthenationalarena(whereBentsenwasmaking 2," Doggettsaid,"whoisbarragingthisstatesothat "I appreciatethefactthatSen.Bentsen,whoheads everywhere Igohaveheardabouttheseradioadsthat are You havetospendaverysignificantportionofthatbudget a televisionandradiocampaignsometimeafterLaborDay. strictly negativeagainstme.Andyouarelookingatbeginning within tendaysofthetimethatrunoffendedonJune to run,andfortheoperationofheadquartersthat you catch-up fromawholesummerofheavyadvertisingon his on mediabecauseinSeptemberandOctoberweareplaying to communicateourmessage.Butsomeofthatmoneywill money thatweraisewillbespentonelectionmediainorder campaign, aswewerethispast year." of thestate.Wewillbedependent uponastronggrassroots see hereinAustinandthat wehaveinseveralotherparts also beusedfortheofficesthatwehavearoundstate, for asignificantget-out-the-votecampaignthatwewillneed [Gramm's] part.SoIexpectthatasubstantialportionof the turned outatrecord ratesinspired byJesse Jackson's 5 primary,Doggett received65%oftheblack vote,which / Since hisemergenceastheDemocraticnominee,Doggett "You haveanopponentwhobeginsrunningtelevisionads N THEJUNE2Democratic runoff,Doggettreceived 75.5 %oftheHispanic vote,whichturned out ata3.4% higher ratethan didnon-HispanicDemocrats. IntheMay settle withGramm,who Bentsen hasascoreto opposed himin1976.

presidential campaign.Theseconstituenciesarecrucialtoany by theSouthwestVoterRegistrationEducationProject, American turnoutintheRioGrandeValley,organizedlargely 71 %inMcAllen.DoggettcandependuponalargeMexican vote inSanAntonio,70%Dallas,65%Houston,and in urbanareastherunoff.Doggettreceived68%of Doggett campaignandwerelargelyresponsibleforhissuccess The turnoutwillbefueledbythefailureofReagan Industrial AreasFoundation,andtheUnitedFarmWorkers. however, thatthedifferencebetweenhisrecordandof on behalfoftheDemocraticticket,Doggettwillhaveamore disaster intheValleybroughtonbylastwinter'sfreeze. administration toprovideadequaterelieffortheeconomic Phil Grammwillgenerateagooddealofblackvotersupport. difficult timeturningouttheblackurbanvote.Hebelieves, downright mean-spiritedness,itwouldbeinthewholearea his disregardoftheneedsblacksandHispanicsbut down theline,ofnotonlyhis[Gramm's]beingcallousin opportunity ineducation.Myrecordasanauthorandworker of civilrights,jobs,economicopportunity,andequal assistance infunding,isclearcontrasttoPhil.Iexpect on equaleducationopportunityandeducationalequalization on theHumanRightsCommissionhereinTexas,working was veryhelpfulforme,andthatwesawin1982,which we'll seethekindofresponsefromblackcommunityand "If therewaseveranareawhereaclearcontrast, Doggett atwork. that time." was sohelpfultoalltheDemocratswhowererunningat Hispanic communitythisfallthatwesawinthespring,which election, withfarlessrank-and-filesupportforReagan,now support, whichseemstobeholdingsteadyfortheNovember vice presidentialcandidacy.Heenjoysthesupportof election. Inaddition,DoggettwillbenefitfromtheFerraro with Grammonhiscoattails,thanwasevidentinthe1980 National OrganizationofWomenandtheTexasWomen's Unless JesseJacksonorhisorganizerscampaignvigorously In theprimaries,Doggettalsoreceivedconsiderablelabor THE TEXAS OBSERVER

3

Photo by Ro lando Co rtes Political Caucus. The more women who are drawn to the convention pledge by Hance to support Doggett, Hance has polls by Ferraro (or driven there by the Republican platform told the San Angelo Standard Times that he will not work rejection of the ERA), the more votes Doggett is likely to for the senatorial nominee. "Get out and campaign for Lloyd? get. "I'm encouraged by the visits I had with Congresswomen No, I'm not going to be doing that," Hance said. Ferraro," Doggett said. "She will be a real asset, add a great "I think some of the people that raised funds for them [Hance deal of enthusiasm to the ticket. I don't think anyone would and Krueger] are more oriented toward the Republicans, and deny that I would have been assisted in a more significant one or two already have gone with Gramm much as they way by a Texan on the ticket. I don't see the vice presidential joined with Clements when he ran. But I think we are making some headway. Senator John Montford, D-Lubbock, [a Hance supporter] had a reception for me in Lubbock, and they are "The greatest tool these days in raising some money up There. We had a good response in Wichita Falls, but we've got a lot of work to do in that area," farming is not a new tractor Doggett said. but a new tax accountant." Doggett believes he can peel off some of the Hance support — Lloyd Doggett in West Texas, where Hance scored 60, 70, and 80 percent victories, by focusing on the effect of Reagan's rural policies. He has been working to reverse a perception of his candidacy selection as the biggest problem we have. That's more of as an urban candidacy, which, he said, was due in part to a plus. I think the problem we have is with a significant amount Hance's billing himself as a rural candidate. Doggett has been of popularity we have on the part of President Reagan, even meeting with farmers in Amarillo, Plainview, Lubbock, and though there is a significant uncertainty and some dissatisfac- elsewhere. "I see large chunks of Texas," he said, "where tion with his policies." our farmers and ranchers and small businesses that are Doggett's biggest problem will be expanding the coalition interrelated with them are being victimized by the policies that carried him through the primaries. He is having some of this [Reagan] administration. The agriculture program itself difficulty appealing to conservative Democratic supporters of has cost taxpayers more than ever before because it had no Kent Hance and Bob Krueger. Despite a state Democratic caps on the amounts of benefits of the PIK program, for example. Millions of dollars went to some of the corporate interests in California, to some of John Block's friends up in Illinois. But, at the same time, family farmers and ranchers were going out of business at a greater rate than ever before. So I would say that what we're looking at principally for them is some kind of 1985 agriculture bill that is more in tune to their needs and in which relief is targeted more to family farmers and ranchers. I think we also need to look to a bill that has more certainty to it, where family farmers and ranchers find out about what the bill is before they have already planted their crops or at least planned them. Another issue I've talked to them about has been the tax shelter farmer, which creates real problems. The greatest tool these days for success in farming is not a new tractor but a new tax accountant. I think there are big changes in the tax code that could have an impact on family farmers and ranchers." If Doggett is able to add some part of the rural vote to his coalition of constituencies, he will be in a good position to go after a share of that large soft center of the body politic. Traditional Democratic affiliations, as well as a fairly unified state Democratic party, will work to Doggett's advantage, The 1984 Presidential series is really heating as will the party's get-out-the-vote campaign, targeting up, and we'd hate for you to be out in right predominantly Democratic precincts. A private poll has shown field. For a spirited account of the players and Doggett running about 10 percentage points ahead of strategies, thousands of readers from all over Mondale/Ferraro in the state and about even with Gramm. Texas turn twice a month to the Texas UT WHAT ABOUT all those registered, slightly Observer. And you can be one of them. disgruntled, adequately fed, over-mortgaged Here's how. B suburbanites and small-city dwellers, who get their politics, in large part, from television while ensconced in lazy- boy recliners and who shift the state's political center slightly to the left or to the right with each major election? In 1982, the shift was away from Gov. Bill Clements and to those fighting the utilities and high interest rates. How is Doggett going to ride with the mainstream? "I suspect," Doggett said, "that he [Gramm] will try to paint me into a rigid ideological position at the opposite end of the spectrum from where he has been in the Republican ❑ $20 enclosed for a one-year subscription ❑ bill me for 820 party. The National Journal and the Baron Report did an The Texas Observer • 600 West 7th • Austin, Texas 78701 analysis of members of Congress that was reported in May of this year. They determined Phil to have the 435th most

4 AUGUST 31, 1984 to therightofJesseHelms.So,whenyou'reoveratthat came out535thmostright-wingand,Ithink,fiveorsixpoints you loppedinthehundredmembersofSenate,hestill put thisasacontestinideologicaltermsofrightversusleft." is toyourleft,it'snotsurprisingthatPhilwouldwant kind ofrigidideologicalposition,sothatevenJesseHelms right-wing recordofanymemberCongress.Infact,when On thestepsofCapitol. crocodile tearsaboutSen.Bentsen'snon-selection[astheVice dangerous extremistwhenheranforofficeagainstJimCollins Presidential nominee]wereeagertochallengehimasa that aredownherefromtheRepublicanpartycryinggreat don't thinktheterm'conservative'hasalotmoremeaning conservative' butclaimingthatIwasfiscallyresponsible. was amainstreamDemocrateither[in1976].Thesamepeople ideological positions."Grammdidn'tthinkSen.LloydBentsen people and,atthesametime,carefulabouthowtaxdollars But Idothinkthattherecordhaveinstategovernment than theterm'liberal'inpoliticaldiscussionsmuchofTexas. are spent. is oneofdemonstratingthatgovernmentcanbecaringabout [1982]. Kennedy, HowardMetzenbaum,TipO'Neill,anybodyhe can find exceptLloydDoggett,andtorunagainstlabelsinstead suggests, totryrunagainsteverybody,whetheritis Ted of myrecord.Thereasonheneedstodothat,ifwe'redealing `Massachusetts doesn'tneedthreesenators'radioadalready Nursing homesinTexas Jim Mattoxused theword"aggressive" I a halfdozen timesinthefirsttwo minutes. Thethrust ofMattox'stough Lloyd Doggettbecomesanimatedwhendiscussingrelative "I've beenverypleasedtorunnotclaimingIwasa'fiscal "The tendencywillbe,onMr.Gramm'spart,ashis Inching TowardReform N ARECENTinterviewwith the home regulation,AttorneyGeneral Observer on thesubjectofnursing By DaveDenison talk wasthattheOfficeof Attorney to theindustryandasignal theHealth General intendedto"sendaclear signal of theproblems." aggressive action towardresolvingsome Department that weweregoingtotake

Photo by Alan Pogue with therecordI'veestablishedinstategovernment,isthat that heneedsinordertogeneratethemoneyandsupport it won'tbeonethathecan[useto]stirupthefearandhate to carrythedebateinTexas." campaign. Thefactis,however,thatuntilDoggettbeganusing campaign, Doggettwasaccusedofrunninga"negative" with moneyandtelevisionair-time.Duringtheprimary did inthespring,"hesaid,"hastobeconsideredcontext characterization ofmyopponent'srecordonsocialsecurity, words ofeverythingwesaidintheadsasbeingatrue of whatweweredealingwithatthattime.Istandbythe received verylittlemediaattention."Theadvertisingthatwe symbols tocharacterizehisopponentsandtheirpositions,he then theadsthatyouputonhavetobealittlestrongerand that whenyouarebeingtargetedwherehavethreeor as contrastedwiththeclaimsthatwerebeingmade.Ithink people saidthatwhattheywantedwasmoreofablend,where more memorable.Iwouldliketoseeouradvertisingcampaign four televisionadscomingforeveryonethatyouputon, I've doneratherthanjustwhatwaswrongwiththeother they hadabetterstory,morecompleteaboutwhat had, andthat'swhatIhaveheardfrommostpeople.Some in thefallemphasizemoreofpositiverecordthatI've did theadvertisinginspringbutthatwewilltrytohave guy. AndIenvisionthatwewillutilizethesamepeoplewho a bettermixture.Atthesametime,wedoneedcomparative he wantedtodowasrunapositive,issue-orientedcampaign I've beenamused,Isuppose,byPhil'scontentionthatwhat advertising withPhilbasedonpositiveaspectsofmywork. to pickupissuesthathavelittleimpactonthelivesofordinary be littledoubtthathewouldwin."He[Gramm]hasproceeded radio adsthataremorenegativethananythinganyoneran at thesametimethathehasblanketedstatewiththese Texans inanattempttodevelopasmuchhateandprejudice matters oftheeconomyandforeignaffairs—therewould in thespring." the dailylivesofpeoplethatI'mvisitingwith,whether which hasputhimattheideologicalextremeevenof as hecanandavoiddiscussionoftherecordhashad, to makeendsmeetonabudgetandgetthekidsthrough they aresmallbusinesspersons,theworkingfamilytrying about inthecourseofthiscampaignareonesthataffect Republican party.ThekindsofissuesthatI'mtryingtotalk long hotsummerisjustbeginningtoheatup. an immediatedifferenceintheirlives." and concentrateonthoseissuesthatpeoplewillseemake school, whatever.Iviewthiscampaignastryingtoemphasize The onlywaytoreachtherecliningvotersofstateis Doggett isconvincedthatifrealissuesarediscussed— As weapproachLaborDay,thesenatecampaignofthis Texas, byanyone'sstandards,aretough to tackle.Indeed,thestate'sproblems in thisareaarealmostlegendary. with coathangers,belts,and ashoe. nursing homebeata76-year-old woman the stateHealth Departmentbeganfiling elderly. Haven andother"havens" forthe filled withgrimstoriesabout life atPine reports ofharrowing conditionsinthe 1977, whensixaidesinthePineHaven There wastheincidentinLufkin That summer,thenewspapers were "The problems"ofnursinghomesin In thefallof1977 aninspectorfor THE TEXAS OBSERVER

G. R. 5 Autumn Hills home in Texas City. Autumn Hills were handed down in Those stories took a while longer to 1981, Health Commissioner Robert make the newspapers, but when they hit Bernstein said the problems were they became one of the biggest nursing "something from another era." Bern- home scandals in the country. In March stein, who was the department's chief of 1981, Autumn Hills Convalescent nursing home regulator during 1978 and Centers, Inc., became the first corpora- 1979 before he became commissioner, tion in America to be charged with said the department's regulation got murder. The company and eight individ- tougher after the 1977 reforms. "I don't uals were charged with "failing to want to make it sound perfect,' he said, provide adequate and safe care to meet "but it really has improved. We're the needs" of eight patients who died certainly not sitting on our hands and BEHIND THE TARPON INN at the home in 1978 and 1979. PORT ARANSAS — OPEN DAILY playing footsie with the industry." Governor Bill Clements agreed. "I think Dr. Bernstein is doing a first class, "The Department of Health A-1 job," he said. Observer Bequests tends to embrace its role Austin attorney Vivian Mahlab has as a consultant to the ODAY, a legislative committee is agreed to consult with those in- once again holding hearings nursing home industry . . ." around the state, as is the terested in including the Observer in T their estate planning. For further in- — Attorney General Hill's Attorney General. Representatives of the nursing home industry have been on formation, contact Vivian Mahlab, Task Force Report hand at the legislative hearings to attorney-at-law, P.C., at 617 Blanco, suggest that the answer to every problem Austin, Texas 78703, or call A plea bargain was arranged in "should not always be more laws." 512-477-1700. December of 1982, but a judge threw Mattox says his hearings are more fair. it out shortly afterward, and the case "The public is extremely skeptical of Good books in every field continued with a new Galveston County the nursing home hearings that have JENKINS PUBLISHING CO. District Attorney and a new grand jury. been conducted by the legislature," he The Pemberton Press The case still goes on. This summer a says. "They feel that the industry itself John H. Jenkins, Publisher grand jury began hearing witnesses may be having too much influence on again. The case is expected to last that or that the people that were Box 2085 IZS Austin 78768 through September. appointed to carry out that responsibility These and other nursing home scan- are too close to the industry." dals tend to bring on recurrent attempts And once again the Health Depart- to reform the regulations that govern the ment is claiming that enforcement industry. After the 1977 Lufkin beating, actions are up from the previous year. a special session of the legislature took The Attorney General agrees and takes up nursing home reform. A grading some of the credit. "I think the Health system for the state's homes was Department has shown a more aggres- established, the health department was sive attitude since I've been in office given broader powers, and at least one because of my aggressiveness and unannounced inspection per year was [because] they knew they had someone mandated for every nursing home in the to back them up," Mattox says. The state. Attorney General's office of planning Shortly after the special session, the and research says the Health Department Health Department announced that it had has taken 129 more "punitive actions" "doubled or tripled" enforcement ac- this year than it had at the same time ANDERSON & COMPANY tions against substandard nursing last year. homes. Warning letters had been sent COFFEE The strongest action taken so far has TEA SPICES out, Medicaid funding had been sus- been the outright closing of a nursing TW() JEFFERSON WAIM pended, and two homes were threatened home in Greenville, Texas. The Health AUSTIN, TEXAS 7. 31 with license suspensions. Department charged that poor conditions 512 453-1533 A legislative committee, led by Sen. posed an immediate threat to the Send me your list. Chet Brooks, D-Pasadena, held hearings patients. Mattox flew to Greenville and around the state to make a report to the hand-delivered an order to shut the Name 1979 legislature. Attorney General John facility in May of 1983. Street Hill set up a special task force to conduct Only four nursing homes have ever hearings and draw up a report on nursing been shut down in Texas, according to City Zip home reform. The report was critical Jerry Walker of the quality standards of the state's regulation, charging that division of the Health Department. The ADOPTION: Loving couple, "the Department of Health tends to most common type of punitive action financially secure, seeks to adopt embrace its role as a consultant to the has been to withhold Medicaid funding. infant. Legal, confidential. Ex- nursing home industry and shuns its role About 60% of nursing home patients get as an enforcer of the laws and regula- Medicaid, making it the prime source penses paid. Please call collect tions governing the industry." of income for the homes. (212) 604-3013. Meryl and Art. When the murder indictments against This enforcement has not had a great

6 AUGUST 31, 1984 effect in the past because in the most ers, she says. the nursing home knows how much it's common occurrence — the "vendor "There are some heavy, heavy psych going to cost them if they don't provide hold" — the full amount of funding is patients in nursing homes," she says. the proper kind of care." restored when the problems are cleared "We've always taken some, but the Health Commissioner Bernstein op- up, resulting in, at most, a cash flow thing is, we used to be able to select posed such a plan the last time around, problem for the home. The department and keep the violent ones out." Rosen- saying it would be "so hard to adminis- may also decertify a home, in which dahl pointed to the August 5 killing of ter." Such a plan also is not favored case the Medicaid funding is forfeited an elderly patient in a Brookshire home by the Texas Health Care Association for the period the home is in violation, by a mentally disturbed patient. "It is (formerly the Texas Nursing Home but this happens less frequently. a thousand percent easier for a patient Association), the main " lobby for the Since last November there has been like that to get into a nursing home than industry. "We've got plain plenty of law a third option. New rules were drawn a state hospital," she says. and plenty of enforcement," says Pat up by the Department of Human Re- Although she didn't, at first, expect Cain, a consultant to THCA. sources, which administers the Medicaid the new Medicaid sanctions to have The nursing home lobby is likely to program, that allow DHR to cancel a much effect, Rosendahl says "there's push for more money from the Medicaid home's Medicaid contract after two more teeth to it than it appeared. It is program. The rate is set at $29 per vendor holds in a twelve-month period. hurting, them [the homes] financially." patient per day, which the industry In this case, the funding is also lost for The problem is, it doesn't seem to claims is not enough to upgrade care. the time the contract is cancelled. translate into better patient care, she Mattox agrees, even though he admits The new sanctions are "a whole lot says. Most of the Health Department the industry tends to have "real healthy better than the old vendor hold [rules]" standards seem to relate to physical profits." "What that should tell us is, says Howard Allen, chief of the Health defects and paperwork. "It is easier to if they're being paid this little and they Department's bureau of long term care. fix all those other things than to keep still have healthy profits, it means that Under the old process of decertification, an eye on day-to-day care," she says. the people who are getting squeezed are hearings were required before action Rosendahl would advocate a state- the residents." was taken. Action now is "a little more mandated nursing staff-to-patient ratio But the one thing that seems most swift," Allen says. if she weren't afraid the legislature likely to result in a shake-up of the In the year between June 1982 and would set the standard too low and make nursing homes in Texas is another May of 1983, the Health Department things worse. The shortage of nursing scandal. Patricia Rosendahl, who says took 167 vendor hold actions and 36 aides is "the real breakdown of the she has wanted to get out of nursing actions toward decertification, accord- system," she says. home social work ever since the Autumn ing to Allen. In the following year, there N THE LAST session of the legisla- Hills case, worked her last day this have been 417 vendor holds, 66 ture, Sen. Lloyd Doggett, D- August. She says it's not hard for her decertifications, and 42 contract cancel- Austin, carried legislation drafted to imagine another case like Autumn / Hills. "Autumn Hills has happened lations, he says. by Mattox's office which would have, among other things, created a system before, many, many times. It kind of of fines to strengthen Health Department came and went, and so what?" she says. "What that should tell enforcement of standards. The legisla- The neglect and abuse that she saw there us is . . . the people tion passed the senate but died in the over the years "goes on constantly," last days of the session, as the nursing even today. "The question is, who who are getting squeezed home lobby worked frenetically against notices and pays attention?" ❑ are the residents." it, and the house and senate were unable — Attorney General Mattox to reach agreement. Now the Attorney General's office is "We're seeing quite a number of again preparing a statute to propose to facilities on second vendor hold," Allen the next session of the legislature. says. "And that kind of surprises me." Charles Yett, director of the Medicaid cliVILars He is perplexed because in the latter part Fraud Unit of the AG's office, says there 10111 c. About? of 1982 "we saw the level of care not are no state laws which cover many being as good as it was in the past." abuses of the Medicaid system, such as Parisian Charm. Omelette & As far as conditions in the homes go, billing patients for services and then Champagne Breakfast. Beautiful it is still too early to tell if the increased collecting from Medicaid for the same Crepes. Afternoon Cocktails. enforcement is having much effect, he services. "It happens, and I think it Gallant Waiters. Delicious happens with some frequency," Yett Quiche. Evening Romance. says. Continental Steaks. Mysterious But some Health Department workers says. Yett believes the legislature should establish criminal penalties for such Women. Famous Pastries. doubt it. Patricia Rosendahl, a social Cognac & Midnight Rendezvous. worker at the department's Galveston abuses. office since 1977, says, "Nursing homes Mattox will be pushing for a system In short, it's about everything are just as sorry as they've ever been. of liquidated damages — cash fines — a great European style That's my observation and I think it's to "hit these people where they think, restaurant is all about. shared by all of us." Rosendahl says and that's in their pocketbook." he Old the nursing homes "have hit some "What I mean is, if a person does problem areas in the last six months." not provide the proper number of St A DHR rule which was intended to employees on the job, does not provide Cafe protect patient rights has ended up the right kind of food or other type of 310 East 6th St. giving administrators less control over care, then we believe there should be Austin, Texas discharging patients who endanger oth- what we call liquidated damages, where THE TEXAS OBSERVER 7 Moya was arrested for using his loudspeaker in an open field. Police said it was too loud and interfered with the harvest. Moya was charged with disor- derly conduct. A federal court injunction now allows the loudspeaker organizing Jesus Moya Strikes Again to continue and defines what in the future can be considered by police as too loud. The disorderly conduct By Terry FitzPatrick charges will be dropped. "I don't think people would mind Moya being here if he would go about Amarillo major suits over discriminatory hiring it in a different way," says Deputy N THE ONION fields of the Texas practices in county government and the Smith. "If he would go about it in a Panhandle this summer, labor or- arbitrary jailing of Mexican Americans peaceful way, like trying to catch all I ganizer Jesus Moya has stirred up until they could prove citizenship. these workers when they're not work- ing, right after they got off. Maybe if more than a controversy over farm- Some residents are also upset with the worker exploitation. His organizing he had a van somewhere where they constant attention to the farmworker could come around and drink Cokes or goes to the very heart of the continuing struggle in their area. One landowner conflict in Deaf Smith County among whatever. I don't think they [the had four CBS television reporters ar- farmers] would mind Moya being here Hispanics, public officials, and the many rested for trespassing while they were vegetable packing sheds headquartered if he'd just change his technique," said investigating possible minimum wage Smith. here. Moya's confrontations with those violations and record falsification by in power in this county bring to light Griffin & Brand company crew leaders. the slow but steady reform over the Quick negotiating by the district UT CLEARLY MORE is going years, but they also demonstrate how attorney's office resulted in the charges on in Deaf Smith County than much further there is to go. being dropped. B a conflict over one man and his This summer the migrant camps of loudspeaker. "What we see is a con- Deaf Smith County are swollen with certed effort on the part of growers and perhaps 25 % more laborers than in years public officials to supress the kinds of past. The 1983 freeze in the Rio Grande "There's a lot of things that Jesus Moya wants to talk to Valley has forced the migrants to come these local farmers workers about," charges Randall Mar- here in greatly increased numbers. In shall, an attorney for Texas Rural Legal the camps, people complain that compe- that are sure getting Aid's Hereford office. "It appears to be tition for jobs is tough, that wages have mad at the boy." a concerted activity to prevent farm- fallen, and that there is not enough work workers from hearing what their rights for all. — Loy Smith are under federal law, what their rights are in terms of seeking better working Moya has targeted this area for his conditions." organizing work this summer. He stands "There's a lot of these local farmers Beyond the tactical battles in the field alongside the fields as they are har- that are sure getting mad at the boy," vested, urging workers to strike. His is a conflict over who is responsible for says Chief Sheriff's Deputy Loy Smith the working conditions experienced by voice booms across the countryside, of Deaf Smith County about Jesus amplified by a loudspeaker atop his van. migrants and who may assume responsi- Moya. "They feel like maybe he's bility to change things. "When we're talking about the farm- pushing them just a little," Smith says. worker movement, we are not just "Packing sheds have done everything One farmer is alleged to have pushed they could over the years to convince talking about an economic movement of back just a little too hard. Onion grower the workers for better wages and better themselves, even, that they have no John Seiver was charged with running responsibility for the workers in the working conditions," Moya explained down Moya with a pickup truck this in an interview. "We're talking about field," says Marshall. "They go out and summer. A grand jury cleared Seiver hire crew leaders — who oftentimes fighting the discrimination of the Mexi- of the charges without listening to can people in this state, particularly in really have minimal education them- Moya's or Seiver's testimony on the selves, who have toiled themselves in West Texas. We're talking about getting incident. Moya suffered minor injuries better housing for them. We're talking the fields for many years and may have and has filed a $25,000 civil suit. gotten enough money to buy themselves about getting better education for our Seiver feels the law is stacked against children. We're talking about bilingual a truck so they could help haul things the farmer and in favor of "disruptive" — and foist upon them all the responsi- education. And we're talking about organizing tactics used by Moya. entering the political arena to remove bilities of employership, all the responsi- certain politicians who are against "It's like a bellering bullfrog right bilities of record keeping, and then stand farmworker benefits," Moya said. there out under your nose. You can't back and say: 'We have no responsibil- ity for what goes on in the field, we Moya's talk of so many changes has say nothing, you can't hear nothing, and you can't talk back to him," complains merely purchase the product as it comes some Panhandle residents upset. County out of the field.' officials have been battered by a string Seiver of Moya's loudspeaker tactics. of court losses this summer, including "Let him go somewhere else instead of "That's part of the problem," ob- standing out there and driving you crazy serves Marshall. "The large packing with that jabbering and lying and sheds, who essentially control every- Terry FitzPatrick is a freelance writer bellering at them [the farmworkers] like thing from planting through harvesting living in Amarillo. a bunch of animals," Seiver said. and shipping, have been unwilling to 8 AUGUST 31, 1984 accept responsibility for the workers that they themselves bring up here." (Officials of Griffin & Brand, the world's largest onion producer, declined comment.) But farmer John Seiver feels it's not the place of Texas Rural Legal Aid (TRLA) to force the packing companies and farmers to assume responsibility. If Marshall and Moya see a conspiracy Moya in against the farmworkers, Seiver and 1981 Hereford others see an unfair alliance between onion strike. TRLA and union activists. "He [Moya] has the TRLA bullying everybody in the country," says Seiver, who feels TRLA should be more of a social service agency than an advocacy legal aid office. "We need to get rid of TRLA or at least to get somebody who is unbiased or at least fair in their dealings," Seiver said. Seiver is right that getting rid of TRLA would cause the current contro- versy to go away. Without the office's extensive labor law library ("The best in the Panhandle," boasts Marshall.), "This has been the problem of the workers might set a new precedent social change would definitely be a farmworker movement all along," throughout Texas, where local police much slower process, and labor organiz- Moya replies. "Everybody extols and now routinely stop and arbitrarily ers like Moya would find themselves praises heroes, like Cesar Chavez. question Hispanics about citizenship. with much less power. People relegate their responsibility to The recent election of Mexican Amer- So what you have in Deaf Smith change things to some far-away leader." ican Joe Brown as Deaf Smith sheriff County is a polarized situation with little What have Moya and TRLA accom- might provide that key player in the middle ground upon which to change plished? This month Moya distributed middle. Brown is respected by both sides things through negotiation. to farmworkers $38,000 won from and can at least keep things peaceful. (He was out of town during much of "We are agitators; we do agitate Dimco in a minimum wage lawsuit filed people to fight for their rights; there's last year. Three times this summer small this summer's trouble. Things quieted no question about that. And we want groups of migrants have struck. Twice down when he returned.) to be professional agitators at that," says they won immediate wage increases, the Moya plans to continue pressing his Moya. third time harvesting was stopped for demands, and Marshall says something "But they don't seem to have an the day. People in town are aware of fundamental must happen in the county attitude where they want to negotiate what Moya's demands are, even though before he's satisfied: "Until the grow- with us. They're very stubborn. They they continue to focus their criticism on ers, the large multinational packing want no negotiations with the union his tactics. companies, the public officials in charge whatsoever. So the only way that we For TRLA, this summer's court of virtually every decision-making proc- are able to get something out of them victories may open some departments of ess in the country, understand and is by simply striking, protesting, demon- Deaf Smith County government to more realize that they have to give up some strating against them," Moya says. Hispanics. And the settlement over of that power, confrontations are inevi- jailing of suspected undocumented table." El But Moya himself is not known as the most compromise-minded of labor leaders. He angered many in the farm- AUTOGRAPHED BY BEN SARGENT! worker movement last summer by a grandstand play on the steps of the capitol, where, flanked by some farm- workers, he staged an eleventh hour fast HOW THE CRITTERS to demand action on a bill to provide CREATED TEXAS by folklorist, F.E. Abernethy, workers' compensation for Texas farm and Pulitzer Prize winning and ranch workers. This came after cartoonist, Ben Sargent. other farmworker advocates had spent Second Printing! months negotiating a course of passage for the bill. • - When pressed, Moya admits to some Order your autograibed copy now mistakes in the way he has come into Deaf Smith County and pushed his C Cl M Publications Texas residents send $10.00 demands without establishing enough 6110 Hwy. 290 West ($8.95 book, S.45 sales tax, $.60 postage) local leadership in the union to avoid AustinITX 78735 Out of state $9.55. the "outside agitator" label. THE TEXAS OBSERVER 9 "A lot of the wind schemes, and that's what they are, out in California are simply tax dodges. They are simply money-making things based on the Renewed Effort federal government's involvement and the state's involvement in providing tax credits. And some of the stories will for Renewable Energy stand your hair on end. And also in the solar market. Wind is not exclusively responsible for the abuse." By David Butts Russel Smith is a six-year veteran of the campaign for renewable energy. In many ways he epitomizes the hard, let's- look-at-the-bottom-line approach to re- Austin government policy at least does not stand newable energy embraced by the new REPARE FOR A surprise when in the way of renewable energy develop- association. His cold and calculated you pull into the Texaco station ment. response to questions is more akin to p on Main Street in Elgin, Texas. that of a battle-worn lawyer than to the The roof sports a 14-foot-wide solar dish stereotyped solar energy buff. tracking the sun and providing hot water for the car wash next door. Inside, don't The enticing vision Smith wants to see renewable energy continue to increase in all its forms of look for the usual gas-station fare of cold of solar collectors usage, and he feels certain it will. "The drinks, potato chips, and maps. They on every roof .. . technology is evolving, and it does so were bumped to make room for solar by trial and error, failure in the field, pianos, solar flashlights, and solar has failed to materialize. and people risking money, starting water-heating kits. companies, going bankrupt and new The guy who pumps the gas attended companies springing up," he said. "The the School of Holography in San Somewhere back in the late '60s and capital's got to come from somewhere. Francisco in 1973 and owns a solar wind '70s, renewable energy — wind, water, "The most activist thing anybody can farm in the Panhandle. When not waste, and solar power — became the do to push renewable energy is to use cleaning the bathrooms and checking fan adopted child of the peace and social it," Smith said. "Many people involved belts, he may try to sell you a 32-watt change movements, and expectations in the rhetoric of the solar revolution photovoltaic power plant. flew sky high. Peace, love, and renewa- do not have a solar water heater." Mike Osborne, owner of the Elgin ble energy. But now, several years Warren Cole, president of the month- Texaco, is proud of his full-service, hence, the enticing vision of solar old renewable energy association, neighborhood gas station and his collectors on every roof and wind agrees. And, consequently, one of the adopted smallpwn life. "You have to generators in every back yard has failed functions of the organization will be a work pretty hard to get me to go into to materialize. The reality is lagging far campaign for public awareness. But the Austin for a meeting," Osborne says. behind the expectations. effort doesn't stop with winning over But late in July he found good reason "It [renewable energy] was so much consumers and making technological to make the 30-mile trip. Osborne was a part of the rhetoric of a movement," refinements. Lobbying the Texas legis- one of about 200 small business owners said Russel Smith, executive director of lature and the Public Utility Commission who gathered in Austin to set up the Texas Solar Energy Society and a board will also figure prominently in thd Texas Renewable Energy Industries member of the newly-formed associa- association's work. Association. Soft energy pioneer Amory tion. "Trying to separate the rhetoric Lovins dramatically proclaimed the Cole says he would be happy to do from the reality is what we've been without government support for renewa- meeting was one "future historians will about for quite some time. It is a major ble energy producers if there were no note as the beginning of the second era frustration." government support for competing en- in energy in Texas" — the era of Wind power is a good example. renewable energy. ergy producers. But that is not the case. Renewable energy enthusiasts often "Most of the Department of Energy But the local renewable folks shied point to the advances in wind power in budget is going to nuclear energy," Cole away from grandiose proclamations and California, where large wind farms have said. "Oil and gas have had very instead focused on building a serious been springing up with regularity, favorable depletion allowances. As long business-like image for themselves. "A providing much of the new electric as that is what we are competing with, lot of people think renewable energy is energy needs of the state. Smith tempers then we need support, too. If they get a bunch of balloon-flying hippies hum- the enthusiasm, saying wind power rid of that, then we do not need ming folk songs," Texas Agriculture provides no more than a drop in the support." Commissioner Jim Hightower said. bucket of California's energy needs. On the national level, the leading "Well the hippies have gotten down to "Out of all the wind generators that issue for renewables is protecting federal business." have gone up in California, there are income tax credits — a 40 % tax credit The object of this "business" is people on the inside of the industry that for most residences and 15 % credit for winning consumer support for renewa- will tell you that 75 % of the wind businesses — due to expire Dec. 31, ble energy, aiding the technological machines will not work, and if they do, 1985. advance of renewables, and making sure they won't for long," Smith said. "Now In Texas the issues to watch are the that's a sobering thought. Tapping the amount of money electric utilities pay David Butts is an Austin reporter for wind is no easy task. It's hard as hell small energy producers and the willing- the Beaumont Enterprise. on a machine. ness of the legislature or the utility 10 AUGUST 31, 1984 commission to encourage utilities to use ers. Governor Mark White proudly session of the legislature, that gives renewable energy sources. displayed a Wall Street Journal headline utilities money for adopting more effi- at a recent press conference: cient practices. The bill would actually IKE OSBORNE complains "Previously unchallenged Texas utilities instruct the state to pay a utility for about the three cents per now face crackdown by state regula- getting smaller. The utility lobby, one M kilowatt-hour (kwh) he is tors." "I think that's wonderful," White of the strongest in the state, quietly paid for electricity from his five wind- said, as he launched into an attack on opposed the bill in the last session, mills in the Panhandle. At that rate he utilities. "In many communities you find Partner said. "Utilities are so unlimited- is not even covering his maintenance the only new building is the utility growth oriented that the concept of cost. "We're not gong to have any building. The more they spend, the more limiting growth is just an anathema to significant renewable energy develop- they make, and that is a very bad them." ment in this state until we get a fair principle." The bill would give a utility up to rate," he said. 10% of the proven capital savings from Osborne looks with envy to the any of a long list of efficiency measures, situation in California, where small ranging from office operations to solar producers are paid around six to eight power stations. Parmer hopes the utili- cents per kwh. The difference, Osborne ties will not fight the measure. If points out, is that California utilities pay conservation is the trend of the future, small producers not only for saving them this bill gives utilities a way to make fuel costs but also for saving them the a little money off it and not look foolish cost of constructing new plants. opposing efficiency. Osborne has been working with The prospects for a more progressive Public Utility Commissioner Peggy approach to renewable energy are Rosson's staff to have Texas adopt rules improving in Texas. A formal, serious similar to California's. Rosson will lobby for renewable energy producers, 0 probably support a rule change requiring 0 a governor and utility commission on _c utilities to put two-way adapters on a. the attack, and an attractive piece of a) meters. Excess energy produced by a U- legislation are positive signs. But, as the solar collector or windmill will run the prudent Russel Smith warns, renewable meter backwards. Running a meter PUC Commissioner Peggy Rosson. energy expectations have overstepped backwards has the effect of giving the Commissioner Rosson spoke at the reality before. small producer the same kilowatt-per- organizational meeting of the renewable hour rate that the utility collects from energy association. "You are wonder- its customers — typically in the seven- ful, and I do support your efforts," she to ten-cent range. told Osborne, Smith, Cole, and the The commission is expected to take others. "I'm sure we will be working inns' up the proposed rules within the next together in the future." COPYING SERVIC E two months. While Rosson's support is Rosson then led her own attack on likely, Commissioners Dennis Thomas the utilities, saying the major utilities Copying • Binding and Phillip Ricketts could go either way. are mounting a campaign to convince Thomas, the newest commission mem- community leaders, business people, Printing • Color Copying ber, has said in two interviews since his and bankers that the commission isn't Graphics •Word Processing appointment that he wants to encourage giving them enough money. The result renewable energy use and discourage the of this stingy commission, say the Austin • Lubbock • Son Marcos construction of new power plants. The utilities, will be stalled economic devel- renewable rule will be a good vote to opment in the state. measure his resolve on the issue. "That is just plain bull," Rosson said. .\,1-1 and Associates F PAYMENTS to small producers "But you are going to hear that line over 2306 Lake Austin Blvd. I it E Austin, Texas 78703 get a boost out of a new commission and over and over again in the coming REALTOR (1 months. Unfortunately, if you repeat (I) Representing all types of properties rule, it will be a victory for in Austin and Central Texas I something often enough, people begin Interesting & unusual property a specialty renewable energy development, but the big picture with respect to utilities will to perceive it as fact. 477-3651 remain the same. For years, critics of "If the utilities have their way, if they utility regulation in Texas have re- get away with this statement, we are minded us that the system encourages looking right back at statements to the OPEN MONDAY- SATURDAY 10- 6 AND OPEN SUNDAY 10- 4 expansion. Utilities collect a "profit" effect that neither conservation nor from customers based on how much they alternative energy resources, desirable spend, with the only restrictions being as they may be, and as much as we might that the commission must approve of the like to use them, that neither are viable WATSON & COMPANY spending and the commission sets the options for the energy future of Texas," rate of profit. The utilities don't get a Rosson said. "We must not allow that red cent for cutting back. All they get to happen." BOOKS for efficiency and conservation is a pat A legislative initiative to counter more on the back. unchecked growth of utilities comes 604 BLANC:0 STREET (PECAN SQUARE) 472.4190 Pressure is mounting for a change, from Fort Worth Senator Hugh Parmer. and not just from the usual consumer He plans to resurrect a bill, which advocates and renewable energy produc- narrowly failed in the last regular THE TEXAS OBSERVER 11 • POLITICAL INTELLIGENCE •

Tasteless On August 13, NBC's Today Show ran a "human interest" piece on the third-party presidential candidacy of Rev. Bob Richards of Waco. Richards, running on the Populist party ticket (TO 7/13/84), was shown pole-vaulting in his backyard (he was an Olympic medalist in the 1950s), posing next to a Wheaties box (on which he appeared for years), and conducting a motivational seminar.

While Richards' interviewer did men-

tion that Richards advocates the elimina- lies tion of voting rights for anyone on u welfare for more than a year, he did not mention Richards' other proposals. Marg

Among them is his advocacy of the immy J removal of all Jews in Israel to West FAMILY CONTRACPTIV4 BIM CONTROL Texas. This, says Richards, will solve PLANNING SAMPLN COUNSLING by the Middle East situation and will bring LITORATUR4 ing much needed capital and technology to Draw a drought-stricken region. Apparently NBC was afraid mention of Richards' between 1981 and 1983. (Iowa and V Governor Mark White made a few anti-Semitism would be unpalatable in Washington did not.) Republicans quite angry when he said, a lightweight story on the former The Texas Department of Human "George Bush tries to talk Texan and coverboy for the breakfast of cham- Resources will be going to the state even thinks he is one." U.S. Rep. Tom pions. legislature in January looking for an Loeffler, R-Hunt, said White must have extra billion dollars. Part of that would been on "political pot." Bush's press V U.S. Rep. Tom Vandergriff, Demo- boost monthly Aid to Families with secretary said, "A quote like that comes crat from Arlington, is still making Dependent Children from $48 per child from a man of no stature." moony eyes over Ronald Reagan. "I do to $60. The department will consider a admire the president," he said in funding shift this fall that would bring V A bank in McLean, Texas, became February, when asked if he would back the payment up to $53, according to the the 50th bank in the U.S. to fail this the Democratic nominee. "If he's Austin American-Statesman. year, the MacNeil/Lehrer News Hour re-elected, I'm not going to believe this reported on August 17. Robert MacNeil Human Resources board chairman J. country's going to rack and ruin, even noted that there have been more bank Livingston Kosberg says that, by 1986, though I am a Democrat." As of failures already this year than any other 20% of the children in Texas will live August, he still wasn't saying how far year since the Great Depression. in families with income below the this flirtation with the Republican poverty line. But it will be no easy fight candidate will go. Toxic Dump in the legislature to raise the social Well, what the heck, Tom. The spending budget. State Comptroller Bob v An Argentine freighter picks up a president is an awfully nice fella and Bullock is making ominous sounds and shipment of insecticide in Brazil and he used to be a Democrat. speaking of new taxes. "If they don't heads for the United States. In late July spend one single dime on any new the ship pulls into the Houston ship v Senator Lloyd Bentsen missed the services, if they enact no new programs, channel. The insecticide is to be un- August 7 vote -on cutting aid to the if they don't hire one more individual, loaded for a firm in California. But government of El Salvador, and, of no new highway patrolmen, nothing, something goes wrong. In one of the course, Sen. Tower voted against it. The they're still going to be short — two 16-ton containers of aluminum proposal would have blocked an addi- phosphide there is an explosion. A tional $80 million tacked on to the $127 probably in the neighborhood of a billion dollars in January," Bullock said. longshoreman is killed by the blast, and million already approved for arms to El poisonous fumes escape. Salvador in 1984. The Senate approved V Department of Chilling Quotes: U.S. What to do with the tons of unstable the new money by a 69-29 margin. Assistant Attorney General Richard K. aluminum phosphide pellets? They're Willard defended the rules that require damaged goods. Dump it in the gulf. State Burden federal government employees to submit On August 8, with the help of the to censorship, on the grounds that Soviet Coast Guard and the Environmental V The Government Accounting Service Union spies leave us no choice. "Our Protection Agency, ten tons of pesticide reported in mid-August that many states adversaries employ highly efficient pellets are dumped in the ocean 110 are increasing their spending on social intelligence services which use overt and miles southeast of Galveston. Some of service programs in the wake of federal covert means to gather information the gallon cans of pellets don't sink, so cutbacks. The GAO studjd 13 states, concerning American military capabili- workers puncture the cans first. Seven including Texas, and found that all but ties, diplomatic intentions and our own thousand canisters sink to the ocean two increased social service spending intelligence efforts," Willard said. floor.

12 AUGUST 31, 1984 "All things considered, the project staff in the preparation for the campaign all for Phil Gramm, who ran a mean went very well," says an EPA official. against Phil Gramm. campaign against him in 1976.

V House Majority Leader Jim Wright, V U.S. Senator Lloyd Bentsen is going The Right Stuff who broke custom to give a fundraiser a number of extra miles to help Doggett, for Bob Krueger in the Senate Demo- and this is especially important because V Diana Denman, vice chairwoman of cratic primary, was undecided at first Bentsen is chairman of the Democratic the Texas Republican party, when whether to give another fundraiser for Senatorial Campaign Committee. Bent- interviewed by Austin television re- the primary winner, Lloyd Doggett, sen is warmly enthusiastic about Doggett porter Jim Moore, spoke disapprovingly whom he is supporting. But now he has in money-raising meetings. Since the of voter registration drives aimed at the given two, one in Fort Worth, another two men's politics markedly differ, anti-Reagan vote. Denman told Moore in Washington. Wright's people are also people naturally ask why, and while no that the Republican party is registering actively cooperating with the Doggett one may know, Bentsen has no use at "the right kind of people, who are going

politically conservative town. Only a handful of local residents joined the peace camp. When most Ama- rillo residents hear the term "MX," they think of jobs or of containing Pantex Pilgrimage communism, not of nuclear freeze or mutually assured destruction. By Terry FitzPatrick When Bishop Leroy Matthiesen called three years ago for Pantex Amarillo peace movement is not that well workers to resign for reasons of conscience, the Catholic Family BOUT 150 PEACE publicized," claims Troy Engel of Houston. "Many residents don't Service agency was booted out of pilgrims observed Hiro- the United Way. Half a dozen shima Day, August 6, on know Pantex is in the Panhandle. A We've gotten a lot of media," Engel workers have quit -- only one a dusty Texas Panhandle road near publicly. the Pantex nuclear weapons assem- said. bly plant. They established a peace The story did receive good play "The first reactions to this kind camp, a string of 50 brightly- on local television, and there were of thing [peace camps] are always colored tents tucked between the two local newspaper articles on the extreme," observes Matthiesen, pavement and the barbed wire of peace camp. While a television "but then there comes a reflective the entrance to the plant. Some had crew from San Francisco did come, period. In the immediate area, the ridden bicycles to the camp from the camp got little national atten- reaction just has to be negative as far away as Houston- 714 tion. Networks passed up the story because of the situation with jobs, miles. Others rode horses from in favor of more dramatic, less because of the strong, deeply Amer- Oklahoma. All stopped in small peaceful peace protests in Wyoming ican attitude we have here, the towns along the way to spread word and at the Pentagon. patriotism." of their protest against Pantex. Among the pilgrims were those In a non-denominational religious Some of the pilgrims had come who came to strengthen their own service at the Pantex gate, expecting to confront Pantex work- convictions. "We all understand Matthiesen drew applause with his ers. "If there's just one or two days intellectually that bombs are put call to action: "Too many religious out of the year that's going to make together some place, but when you people content themselves only with them have a conscience about what actually see it, it brings home to prayer. Indeed we hear calls to you the reality of the fact that this sisters in convents to stay within they're doing -- if enough people act do it enough times, you can make country is producing four or five those convents and pray and not an impact," said Alexis Ketchuk, hydrogen bombs every single day. for peace. We reject that kind of who traveled from Albuquerque for That's a very, very emotional thing attitude." the three-day protest. that you need to understand in your Perhaps the purpose and mood of But very few Pantex employees gut, not just in your head. And, the Pantex peace camp was best saw the protestors, save security when you see this plant, you captured by former CIA agent John understand a little bit more, really, Stockwell of Austin, author of In guards who videotaped protestors' Red Sunset. faces and vehicle license plate the tremendous, horrible implica- Search of Enemies and numbers. The 2700 workers were tions of the nuclear arms race. And He paraphrased Helen Caldicott of told by management to use another you're more moved to do something Physicians for Social Responsibil- entrance to the plant during shift about it rather than just putting in ity: changes. it in the back of your mind," said "She said get busy and do Sam Day, contributing editor of The something! You will feel a lot better Some pilgrims came to draw Progressive. if you're doing something about it. media attention to their cause. "The Closing the Pantex plant, or Sitting at home and fretting makes making enough people feel guilty you feel so impotent and so hope- enough about their jobs to make any less. You'll feel better if you're Terry FitzPatrick is a freelance dent in the plant's production, will doing something, whatever the writer living in Amarillo. be very tough. Amarillo is a impact of it is."

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 13 out and going to work to support V Doggett workers are heartened by as high as Doggett's. This may partly America." polls they see. After the second primary, account for Gramm's early decision to Presumably a large number of the when Doggett's standing should have low-road on the gay-baiting: his need right kind of people were in attendance been suffering from the negative cam- to increase Doggett's negative. These in Dallas on August 18 to attend a paigning on all sides theretofore, polls early, post-primary polls are the basis, "white tie polo ball," honoring the showed him basically neck and neck too, for the intelligence circulating world's top polo players, staged for the with Gramm. Furthermore, Gramm's among insiders that Doggett was run- entertainment of Republican convention "negative" — the percentage of voters ning ten points ahead of Mondale in delegates. who don't like him — was about twice Texas. ❑ • DIALOGUE •

Spanish?" "But, son," answered my "Well I certainly hope not, son, because elder friend, "that has always been the all they have to do is check out the Exploiting Fears case with every single minority that has Congressional Medals of Honor earned ever immigrated here. The first genera- in World War II. In proportion to I want to share with you a conversa- tion immigrants speak mostly their population, no ethnic group of Ameri- tion that ensued between a very bright foreign language, but when the second cans earned more Medals of Honor than and analytical Hispanic friend of mind generation comes along the use of the Hispanic Americans, so how would they and his very perceptive and inquisitive English language always predominates. dare question our patriotism?" re- young son, following the conclusion of So we are no different in that respect. sponded the old man. "Look, son, all the August 1st TV program You know, son, nothing scares people the objections they raise including the DONAHUE, in which the problem of more than fear for their children. I arguments that we are "changing the illegal immigrants was debated, and suppose American parents must wonder character of our country" are baloney whose panel, incidentally, included U.S. if their children will have to settle for arguments about phony issues that are Senator Simpson (R-Wyoming) of Simp- a less than adequate education or a lower raised intellectually by them because of son-Mazzoli notoriety and Arnold Tor- their deep-seated, unspoken, subcon- res, of National LULAC (Legal of sciously repressed, or consciously dis- United Latin American Citizens). .. Our country is a missed feelings of racism, that intellec- Perceiving that major flaws pervade tually and socially are considered today • every argument advanced during the mosaic of all inutterable. Don't you see, son, that by debate by Sen. Simpson and other nationalities." pressing for this immigration bill they advocates of the Simpson-Mazzoli legis- want to institutionalize their inexpressi- lation, the young man opened the ble racism under the guise of the phony discussion by asking: "What are the real "Well, Dad," came back the son, "if arguments of so-called immigration reasons, Dad, that so-many millions of the reason is not jobs, then it must be reform. But their self-deception will not Americans object to having more of our that Americans of Western European last long, son; all of us Americans are kind as their fellow citizens? The stock simply fear us because of their fair-minded and decent people." ancestors of nearly all of them came here perception about our culture, our values, The old man concluded by telling his exactly the same way and for the same our religion, our appearance and our son, "I can accept the incidence in some reasons, either seeking religious free- language. But why is it that we scare of our fellow Americans of this kind of ' dom, political freedom, or economic them, when Hispanics have been a very subconscious ethnic bias, that we are, freedom and a better life. So why, now, substantial part of American society for as a Nation, trying very hard to rid do they not want to give the same kind over a century and in fact Hispanics ourselves of, but I cannot forgive of opportunity to others? Do they fear occupied the American Southwest even politicians like Simpson and Mazzoli, for their jobs?" before Plymouth Rock. Or do you who cruelly exploit the sub-surface "The job-stealing issue is a phony suppose, Dad, that they view Hispanics hidden fears of millions of Americans, argument, son," responded his Dad, as "foreigners" because the first genera- instead of plugging into the innate "because the poor in America who are tion Hispanics speak more Spanish than goodness and generosity and compas- the ones most affected by the alien English, and that it's only the second sion that abounds in the character of the competition for jobs are not the ones and subsequent generation Hispanic- American people. That is unforgiva- complaining; in fact, they are sympa- Americans who speak more English than ble." thetic; it's the comfortable middle class standard of living, supposedly caused by "Well, Dad", asked the younger and super rich, who, by the way, are the influx of all these foreign-looking man, "does the control of illegal totally untouched by the alien job people. They apparently forget that our immigration have any solution?" "Of competition, who raise the issue. Be- Country is a mosaic of all nationalities course it does, son" responded the man, sides, to further compound the hypoc- and that our strength derives from our "it can be controlled by enforcing our risy of that argument, on the one hand enormous diversity, and our community immigration quotas. You can't tell me they claim job competition from the of purpose to remain free, and that our that the most powerful nation in the illegal aliens, and on the other, they standard of living has always been the world cannot patrol and police and approve of the Panetta Amendment that highest in the world." thereby control its own borders. That's allows the importation of large numbers The son reflected a while and then nonsense." of aliens to work in American asked "You don't think they view us as R. R. Casso, M.D. farmlands." less patriotic than they, do you Dad?" McAllen 14 AUGUST 31, 1984 immense psychological harm and falls in order to right injustices is simply a Gramm Scare hardest on hapless teenagers who find sign that democracy works. Phil The Republican Senatorial candidate, themselves homosexual, apparently as Gramm's tactics demonstrate ignorance Phil Gramm, has attacked his opponent, a result of genetic and/or congenital and disregard for the American dream Democrat Lloyd Doggett, for accepting influences they can do nothing about. of a free society. contributions raised at an "all-male strip Homosexuals feel forced to lie about show" here in San Antonio. It is no wonder our government is in important feelings and relationships. trouble: our politicians appeal to our "All-male strip shows" are a fairly The shame and exclusion they feel is lowest qualities. We should expect more normal phenomenon in 1984 American terrible and unnecessary. It can so of them. At least, if we let them run culture. The Chippendale male strippers weaken their ego-structures that they fall our lives, we ought to be able to expect have a big-selling exercise video and prey to drug abuse, alcoholism, and them to have some grasp of social appear on day-time and prime-time TV. depersonalizing sex. realities. If they are still acting like it Movies are made about this nationwide Anti-gay prejudice is responsible for is 1954, how can they cope with the industry. San Antonio has its own male forcing homosexuals into dishonesty and serious social, political, and economic strip clubs. for creating the so-called "social prob- problems of 1984? lems" of homosexuality. What is also Toby Johnson, Ph.D. responsible, of course, for the things San Antonio The aim of the gay rights homosexuals are condemned for by anti- gay activists, like strip shows and complete personal and business insurance movement is to make sexual "promiscuous" sex, is human sexual orientation a non-issue. desire. ALICE ANDERSON AGENCY Life is sexual. Sex is the subject of 808-A East 46th advertising. It drives the American P.O. Box 4666, Austin 78765 economy. We can't deny it. And we (512) 459-6577 Piggybacking on the popularity of this have to assume that God created us •"phenomenon, night clubs catering to the sexual. GET THAT WARMONGER city's gay community now frequently God also created us equal — at least, present such shows. These are generally OUT OF THE WHITE HOUSE so says the founding document of the Union-printed, red, white, blue, vinyl, less lurid than the "all-female strip American democracy — with shows" that are common fare all across 15-inch bumperstrip: send self- inalienable rights to Life, Liberty, and addressed, stamped envelope and $2 the country. Because they are light- the pursuit of Happiness. That to JWG-e, P.O. Box 6019, Waco, hearted, whimsical, and high-spirited, homosexuals work for political influence Texas 76706. Quantity discounts. they are ideal for attracting contributors to fundraisers, political and philan- thropic. Gramm's attack, of course, is really aimed at scaring his rural and fundamen- talist supporters with the "homosexual menace." But there is no homosexual menace. Printers — Stationers — Mailers — Typesetters Gay men and women have become visible in the current political campaign — High Speed Web Offset Publication Press — because most Americans today have become sufficiently knowledgeable, so- Counseling — Designing phisticated, and conscientious about human rights to begin to recognize Copy Writing — Editing discrimination of homosexuals as an outdated prejudice and a violation of Trade — Computer Sales and Services — justice. Homosexuals are not asking for — Complete Computer Data Processing Services — special treatment. There is no interest in establishing "affirmative action quo- tas." Gay people already fill positions throughout American society. All they really want is their integrity. The aim ,,..A0 "g. TING * FUTURA TRADES UNION COUNCIL o PRESS of the gay rights movement is to make 7 -- ..._ _.....- AUSTIN sexual orientation a non-issue. TEXAS Homosexuals simply want to be honest self-respecting citizens. It is anti-human regressive elements in society, like the Ku Klux Klan, seeking scapegoats for UPTURN& the problems of modernization, that make homosexuality an issue — just as 512/442-7836 1714 South Congress they make race and skin color an issue. P.O. Box 3485 Austin, Texas 78764 Gay political and social leaders are generally high-minded people who see that anti-gay discrimination produces

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 15 r,e), _ ;011■1111•1--■- IIIIiIMMF:V1■■30:1•■

LABOR DAY 1984

Labor Day is a call for Americans to re-dedicate their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor to the common welfare. Labor Day also summons us in a crucial election year to renew our conviction that America means the building here of a human fellowship without social, political or economic restrictions—without ghettoes—without fears—without hopelessness, but with "liberty and justice for all,' as the Pledge of Allegiance proclaims. The Texas AFL-CIO wishes for Texas workers a most joyous and safe Labor Day.

Harry Hubbard Joe Gunn

President Secretary-Treasurer

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16 AUGUST 31, 1984 • BOOKS AND THE CULTURE •

the satirist is to go one worse than reality; and it might be objected that Mr. Orwell is too literal, that he is too oppressed by what he sees to exceed it." 1984: Curiouser (V.S. Pritchett, 1949) A sobering thought — if anything, Orwell's vision of modern reality may be too literal to and Curiouser qualify as satire. And the central ground of Orwell's attack is not eastern Europe. "Oceania" By Michael King is centered in the Americas, and "Airstrip One" is England. More significantly, the political, social, cul- (Author's note: Before the year and have anything at all to do with my own tural, indeed universal atrocities he the excuse runs out, it seems worthwhile — that notion I considered absurd, describes in such detail are neither to lend Orwell's memory one more unthinkable (in Orwell's terms), as did foreign nor futuristic. They are only homage. It is a sardonic confirmation most of my teachers. Indeed, it was not extreme and systematic versions of of Orwell's judgment of modern literary a thought considered, measured, specu- situations already common in 1948 and culture that we would not be having lated upon, to be accepted or rejected; much more common, if not universal, these reconsiderations at all had he it was not an admissible thought at all. in our own era of continuous warfare settled on his alternative title: "The Last coupled (as Orwell foresaw) with the Man in Europe" — not a bad choice, continual expansion of state power. considering this essay appears under the Orwell's book is also To which atrocities do I refer? reign of the Great Communicator, who "Goldstein's Book" within 1984 gives is capable of hilarious banter about an attack on the the catalogue, whose terms apply Armageddon but does not know the willing acceptance of equally well to our own day: permanent difference between a live microphone totalitarian ideas. but indecisive warfare between the great and a dead one.) powers and their client nations as the steady-state of international relations; The further idea that there might be Austin the consequent endless production and something called "democratic social- stockpiling of armaments (with the HEN I FIRST read 1984, in ism" — a social vision which Orwell mainstream political debate only over high school in the mid '60s, himself fought for until his dying breath how much the increases should be); W it was as a blistering indict- — that too was a contradiction in terms, progressive militarization of the econ- ment of Russian communism and its a metaphysical absurdity or, in the omy at the explicit expense of domestic counterpart, creeping socialism in Eu- parlance of "Newspeak": social reform; technology and scientific rope. It was not that my teachers taught "crimethink." research in indentured servitude to mass the book in that way — indeed, 1984 So I came to 1984, in 1984, seeking destruction and police surveillance; the was still both too "modern" and too to make amends, both to its author and national and international growth of controversial to appear on the acceptable to my former benighted self. How are police-state organizations, whose func- high-school reading lists, even in those we to read this book now, in the year tions run the gamut from technically pre-Gabler years — but that (in an irony of its dire title? In the first place, 1984 "legal" surveillance to "counter-intelli- that would not have been lost on Orwell, is indeed a dramatic and effective attack gence" criminal recruitment to outright though it was on me) I simply knew no on modern totalitarianism, particularly terrorism and assassinations; the active other way of reading such a book. as embodied in Nazism and Soviet promulgation of racism and sexism as Eternal vigilance — against the Soviets Communism. The book could not have means of political coercion; the perma- and their allies — was the price of my been written without Orwell's intimate nent use of privation and glorious freedom, and Orwell's allegory and acute knowledge of the vicious impoverishment (e.g. "unemploy- of modern tyranny joined a long line perversions to which the term ment") as a means of managing both of such cautionary tales, in my Catholic, "socialism" had been regularly applied. the economy and social ferment (e.g. midwestern education, all devoted But it is also — Orwell was very explicit strikes); the progressive subordination (successfully) to indoctrinating me in the on this point in his own statements about of the educational system to both political dogma that tyranny came from the book — an attack on the willing governmental and corporate power; the abroad, its distinguishing markings were acceptance of totalitarian ideas, particu- use of the press and popular media as red, and that I myself lived where all larly among intellectuals, in the so- court stenographers to state propaganda; was for the best in the best of all possible called "free world." At least one the co-opting of intellectual workers and democracies. The notion that Orwell's contemporary reviewer, amidst the researchers into the permanent service totalitarian society, "Oceania," might many who were arguing over the of the state; the growing acceptance of probability of Orwell's predictions, saw class rule and class society as the only Michael King teaches at the University that, in fact, the book hit much closer conceivable ways of organizing commu- of Texas. An earlier version of this to home: "Probability is not a necessary nities (i.e. the "life is unfair" or "I got article was given at a 1984 symposium condition of satire which, when it mine" syndrome); and probably not last sponsored by the Texas Union in March, pretends to draw the future, is, in fact, and certainly not least, the relentless 1984. scourging the present. . . . The duty of debasement of language, so that

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 17 "education" (to take an obvious and cooperation of the citizens themselves. releases, the hallowed Times itself, so painfully local example) is state-ap- Orwell said repeatedly that the worst that each accords with current propa- proved and textbook-censored indoctri- symptom of totalitarianism, in the long ganda. That is, he is in the business of nation in ignorance and the "free world" run, is the willingness of citizens — daily lies, of abolishing history. This is that portion of the planet composed especially educated citizens — to accede work, enthralling as it is, requires an of allied tyrannies of the right-wing sort. to, to submit to, and finally to support amount of conscious schizophrenia, and It is a grim and exhausting list, and wholeheartedly the oppressions, it is partly this daily self-distortion that it could certainly be expanded in length brutalities, and tyrannies of their gov- leads Smith to buy a journal and begin and nuance. I composed it by abstracting ernments. It is this transformation of the a private attempt at real writing. The from Orwell's imagined world those ordinary citizen, which is figured in the effort is doomed from the first: despite aspects which have most in common person of Winston Smith, the protago- his elaborate precautions, every move with our real world. In doing so, I nist of 1984. he makes has been directly under the discovered, as I expected, that Orwell is indeed our contemporary — not because he was a prophet of some invisible future, but because he under- stood the internal essence of his own visible present, the post-World War II Europe of 1948. There are those who will object immediately that things are not yet "that bad." For example, despite tremendous advances in electronic surveillance (thanks to a bottomless fund of public dollars and "goodthinkful" scientists), our televisions do not yet watch us as assiduously as we watch our televisions. But to object to Orwell's vision on those grounds is as pointless as to object to Swift's "Modest Proposal" on the REMEMBER LAYING the book eyes of the Thought Police. But it is grounds that the English in fact do not down with a vague uneasiness that central to the book's meaning that Smith yet eat Irish children for dinner. Indeed, I had not fully grasped the implica- should be a writer: a worker in lan- they do not, any more than Americans I tions of Winston's complete capitulation guage, a presumed guardian of the make a daily habit of shooting and to his torturers in "Room 101," nor the linguistic and historical past, who is torturing Nicaraguans and Salvadorans; fact that he had not merely been beaten instead professionally engaged in telling we simply pay for, and support, a down and broken, but instead had been lies. There is a good deal of mordant foreign policy under which other people remade in a new, inhuman image — a comedy in Orwell's depiction of Smith's are paid to do it for us. Faced with the pseudo-man who not only submits to but daily work-routine. At one point he actual consequences of our indirect welcomes the new order. I shuddered "creates" an entirely fictional "people's actions (as Swift somewhat at the rats, of course, but I certainly hero," Comrade Ogilvy, who sacrifices optimistically suggested), we might be did not understand, as Orwell would himself in selfless service to Big forced to acknowledge our culpability, have it, that Smith's betrayal of Julia, Brother. One of Smith's colleagues is or even to put an end to it. his only love, is both inevitable and engaged in the suppression of useless worse than the rats, in that it represents words in order to "narrow the range a conscious choice not only of survival, of thought;" another is a poetry editor, but of self-assumed brutality — of total the hapless Ampleforth, whose job it is . . . George Orwell did identification with the torturers. to mutilate editions of English poets. not invent "doublethink:" This is a hard outcome, emphasized Poor Ampleforth is finally purged and by the final words of the novel ("He vaporized because, for an edition of he simply gave it a name. loved Big Brother"), and it smacks Kipling, he cannot find an alternative dangerously of blaming the victim — rhyme for "rod" and "God." Orwell's bitter skepticism and elitism Much of the effect of these episodes Perhaps. But conditions have changed always led him in this direction — but derives from the sudden realization that a good deal since the time of Swift, and it is undeniably built into the narrative they are already, as Orwell pointed out Orwell's most important insight was that and into Winston's character. That is the often in his essays, not very far from the major growth industry of the modern inescapable meaning of his hard-won the ordinary truth. Anyone who pays state would be that devoted to preventing recovery of the memory of his selfish close attention to our newspapers knows its citizens from seeing or understanding childhood role in the death of his mother the ruling principles of popular journal- the consequences of their own or their and sister by starvation. More generally, ism in our time (as in Orwell's). These government's actions. There are many the Winston Smith we meet and identify include the following: (1) Everything methods to this end — secrecy, claims with, at the beginning of the book, is always happens for the first time. (2) of national security, misrepresentation a common but hardly admirable social The final authorities for information are and outright lies, statistical manipula- type. A hack journalist in the employ always "official sources." (3) tion, language designed to obscure or of the state (the "Ministry of Truth"), "Journalistic objectivity" requires the deny the plain facts — but the most his job is the daily "rectification" of permanent assumption of total ignorance effective of all is, of course, to find ways government propaganda — he rewrites in the face of the obvious. (4) In of enlisting the complete and abject past news stories, speeches, press international matters, if "they" do it,

18 AUGUST 31, 1984 it is evil, if "we" do it, it is good. The evidence is ample and persistent most memorable images and its most All of these rules were closely that George Orwell did not invent dismal analysis of the ground and followed, to name only a single exam- "doublethink": he simply gave it a meaning of totalitarianism. Torture and ple, in the American press coverage of name. And just as Winston Smith is mind-control, though in cruder forms, the recent invasion of Grenada: as each directly implicated in the lies and were already commonplace in Orwell's "administration rationale" for the inva- dishonesty that will finally and utterly sion was revealed to be hypocritical or undo him — his "re-education" has false, another was happily substituted begun long before he finally enters the with full press cooperation and public Ministry of Love — so do our contempo- Winston Smith's final opinion marshaled in support of the rary journalists have much to answer for submission is Orwell's invasion. The infrequent negative or in their daily capitulation to government corrective stories are not yet propaganda. most bitter moment.

time, and the memory of the European Holocaust was still vivid; if anything, imi///////////lt 11/1/1111/b,,I the 1984 versions are mild and hygienic

urn ri ~t~ tr I 'Ill , by comparison. In our own era, torture and mind-control remain commonplace, although the methods are highly various and refined. In the West we pride ourselves on keeping explicit torture and massive repression largely confined to our satellite countries, with regular methods of hypocritical certification to ourselves that the "human rights abuses" are decreasing in number. (Yet, as I write, I recall that benign and sanguinary institution known as the Texas Department of Corrections — an "vaporized," as in Orwell's novel; they HE SECOND SECTION of tht Orwellian euphemism if there ever were are simply buried in the back pages or novel, the furtive love affair one.) small-press outlets, as beneath T with Julia, Smith's colleague In the torture sequence, as I men- "serious" or mass public interest. Thus, from the mechanical fiction department, tioned, Orwell is at great pains to a few weeks after the glorious victory seems to have less relevance to our own emphasize that Smith's final submission in Grenada, one discovered in the inside era. Rather than being burdened by the to the torturers is total — he "betrays" pages of a few major newspapers that rigid political puritanism of Oceania, we Julie to the rats because, at that moment, the Grenadian international airport, a are drenched in the commercialized he indeed wants her to suffer the torture presumably insidious Cuban project sexuality of mass culture, or what the instead of himself. It is Orwell's most whose "sole conceivable purpose" was Ministry of Truth would call bitter moment, and one can infer his own to "spread military subversion through- "pornosex," suitable only for illiterate despair about the ground of human out Central America," was now being proles. In our day, Julia and Winston's nature; the individual instinct to survive happily bankrolled by the Reagan ad- private sexuality has become simply overrides all other human considera- ministration — perhaps to be renamed another form of social consumption. tions, even the instinct to remain "Airstrip One." Even in the novel, the "romance" is oneself, a human being. If there is a awash with sentimentality and is ulti- glimmer of hope offered against this As I write, the week's mail brings mately unconvincing, except as a des- bitter lesson, it is the example of another glaring instance: the accepted perate and inarticulate defiance of sexual Winston's mother, who sacrifices her mythology of K.A.L. flight 007, pur- repression. The women's movement has own life for that of her children, even porting to demonstrate the permanent made us recognize that what when the sacrifice is hopeless: "It would and inhuman perfidy of our godless masquerades as sexual liberation is often not have occurred to her that an action Soviet enemy, as invented in Washing- little more than a new form of subjuga- which is ineffectual thereby becomes ton and sold and disseminated at cost tion. Yet this, too, Orwell anticipates meaningless. If you loved someone, you by networks and newspapers alike, turns in "newspeak": when "freedom" is loved him, and when you had nothing out to be another Big Lie concocted of defined, in ordinary parlance, never as else to give, you still gave him love." a conspiracy of silence, omission and true political or social or intellectual The final moments of the novel misrepresentation of available informa- freedom but as the freedom to profit or suggest that such selfless gestures are tion, together with the usual dollop of to buy — as in "free enterprise" or anachronisms, like the private journal outright falsehoods — most of these "you're gonna like the freedom" — then or the glass paperweight, unthinkable in readily correctable from available individual freedom comes to mean, the book, or the world, of 1984. Yet sources, if newspapers or networks finally, only the freedom to do as one Orwell's deathbed gesture of defiance might somehow conceive it as their pleases on nights and weekends, those against tyranny sustains us, even as our mission to do so. [See David Pearson, carefully prescribed times within which own experience confirms the tyranny he "K.A.L. 007: What the U.S. Knew and we are allowed, indeed endlessly still defies. As for the future, neither When We Knew It," The Nation exhorted, to "turn it loose!" optimism nor pessimism is in order (August 18-25, 1984); then hark to the It is part three of the novel, Smith's because his example remains the same: continuing silence in outlets of mass re-education in the Ministry of Love and to tell the truth and, in telling that truth, journalism.] Room 101, which provides the book's to fight for justice. ❑ THE TEXAS OBSERVER 19 Poems KALI THE DESTROYER for David Gugen Do we perceive the spirit, the mere by Prentiss Moore breath, only when we're tired, too tired to sustain the jealous AN OLD ROMAN DOOR unreason of the rational These quiet siennas and who will affirm no reasons, greys contain a certain yearning, or hatred, or passion . . . the passion for tenderness? I watch our cat come time. The moulding formed across the dim patio tonight by hands that may and the wind rises as she leaps have had no vocation onto the table, here where flowerpots for eternity, still the have stayed through winter, a few oak leaves thereon bespeak dry leaves blowing and the oil cloth OF ANOTHER WORLD what in nature may to confirm the old, incorruptible I remember when my piano well endure: this contradiction habit of nature, the inconsolable wind teacher played me a prelude that is time . . . how who will not abandon her cruel ones by Chopin as an example of we pass here as to their envy, their dream of perfection, how little I understood if to gain some happiness. Black (we call her Kali), then and looked around the pure satisfaction, yet the she sniffs the black stems for perhaps rich darkness of her studio, door through form distills the thousandth time. Without focus. its truth: thirst uncondemned. the mementos of Czerny and The pupils of her eyes, the delicate Clementi, the great floral electric sheath of her brain are arrangement next to the piano hardly of one mind, of one purpose. like a silent, still explosion. So she can turn from each thing she She was quite old and could perceives, and still abandon nothing. recite the lineage of her teachers THE DRAWINGS OF LEONARDO He often emphasized the price which went back to Mozart. She of art is that price admired my passion in playing, heaven exacts in labor for but emphasized that strength its gifts. I look at was merely to make the notes this analytic yet delicate charcoal as hard as stone, and this, of daylilies, and then the she said intently, was not a hairlike, wavy coils of deluge matter of volume, but of silence. over the Alps, which preoccupied She always spoke thus and him in later life. Why A GOLD SWATH does the magical mind care would then touch my hand lightly The sound of leaves blowing at the keys, both as a kind of so much for anatomy, for down the streets. Stevens said warning and as another sign, an ossature, a geometry, even it is without human meaning. indefinable yet firm. I think the engines of war as And yet if inhuman still if it could see in perfection and silence to her the very powers of destruction infused with the breath of the were not, as they are to the unknown as sunlight is sometimes philosopher, of another world. a deeper assemblage to things stained by high, thin clouds. which shy light and air Such emptiness as we may know. will only touch as the Virgin her child, pondering secretly I do not mean the absolute the vulnerability of all purpose? void of the Buddhists, but in the mind's gravitation toward Curious that when these things pattern, toward a design to return our gaze, the enigmatic madonna, the flowers' soft elegance, things there is a sense in which with fantasy, with half-acheing fantasy the design is superfluous, beside the point. One thinks of they seem to see clouds. the way old Japanese artisans would paint a gold swath around the crack of some ancient and honored vase, knowing that perfection Prentiss Moore is a native Texan and has published poems does no more than open our eyes. in Poetry, Arion, and The Garden in Winter and Other Poems from UT Press in 1981.

20 AUGUST 31, 1984

SOCIAL CAUSE CALENDAR • Notices of future events must reach the and information booths peopled by Hous- 1909-1920, the height of the Mexican Observer at least three weeks before the ton environmental and ecology groups. Revolution, featuring two of Mexico's event. Admission is free. Contact Rory Miggins most important photographers, Augustin (713) 921-0587 for details. Casasola and Hugo Brehme. The exhibit KERRVILLE FOLK FESTIVAL TEXAS ONLY opens September 9 with a lecture on The eleventh annual Kerrville Folk The Texas Fine Arts Association will Mexican history, "Mexico: The Revolu- Festival will be Labor Day Weekend, present a juried exhibition of works in all tionary Era," by Texas historian T. R. Fehrenbach, September 16, 2 p.m.. August 30 -September 2, at Quiet Valley media by twenty-four contemporary Texas Museum of Art. Photographs include those Ranch, 9 miles south of Kerrville on artists, September 8 - October 7, Laguna Highway 16. Bluegrass music, gospel Gloria Art Museum, Austin. A public of Zapatistas, Federales'. Constituciona- singing, banjo competitions, and interna- reception and awards ceremony for listas, Pancho Villa, the families of soldiers, and the soldaderas, those women tional bands from Scotland and Mexico "Texas Only" will be September 9, 2- will comprise the music offerings; craft 4 p.m., in the museum galleries. Call who nursed, cooked, and fought for the Revolution. booths, free primitive camping, and (512) 478-7742 for information about the catered food and drink will also be artists and the works being exhibited. HOME PEST CONTROL able. Write for ticket, motel, and WORKSHOP ca g information: Bluegrass, Box OBSERVANCES The Citizens' Environmental Coalition, 14 errville, 78028, (512) 257-3600. September, 1838 — The first Houston, will have a pest control work- AditUee tickets < are $25 for 4 days, $19 known workers' strike in Texas shop, "Getting the Bugs Out," September for 3 days; all tickets $1 per day higher began when the Texas Typographi- 11, Youngman Library, 5830 Westheimer. at the gate. Children under 12, free. cal Association struck Houston 7-9 p.m. Speakers will talk about the WOMEN'S WORK publishers for a 25% wage increase. hazards involved in home pesticide use, "HandWork: Women's Folk Textiles," how risks can be minimized, and effective an acclaimed needlework show sponsored September 1-4,- 1972 — La Raza alternatives to chemical pesticide use $2 by Austin Women and Their Work, will Unida was founded as an independ- for registration fee and materials. Call open a statewide tour, September 1, ent political party in El Paso. (713) 523-3431 for more information. Richland College, 12800 Abrams Rd., September 3, 1984 — Labor SANCTUARY CONFERENCE Dallas, with examples of quilting, tatting, Day. The date was changed from crochet, lacemaking and embroidery from May 1, the international worker's More than 50 religious organizations and individuals — including the Catholic the ethnic traditions of Texas. A reception holiday calling attention to the at Richland College will be September 13, Diocese of Dallas-Ft. Worth, the Dallas 7-9 p.m.; a discussion of the needlework- common interests of all workers, to Interreligious Task Force, Central Amer- ers and needlework traditions will be at the first Monday in September, a ica support groups, and peace and justice noon the same day. day not observed in Socialist coun- activists — will have a conference, "On "Artistas Indigenas," a national exhibi tries. Sanctuary," September 14 - 15, Southern tion of contemporary work by Native September 5, 1917 — IWW Methodist University, Fondren Science American and Chicana artists, will open headquarters in twenty-four cities Building, Room 119. The topic of discus- September 7, Dougherty Art Center, sion will be the legal and moral implica- were raided by Federal agents. tions involved in a church's decision on Austin; reception, 6-10 p.m. that evening. September 8, 1965 — The exhibit will appear in conjunction with The declaring itself a Sanctuary. Sanctuary Artistas Indigenas, a three-day symposium United Farm Workers' grape strike activist Jim Corbett will speak. Registra- featuring lectures, workshops, demonstra began in Delano, California. tion is free; call (214) 692-2787 for more tions, and performances in locations September 22, 1919 — 365,000 information or to register. around Austin. Call (512) 477-1064 for national steelworkers unsuccess- PEACE . . . PAX . .. SHALOM .. . details. fully struck for union recognition. Pax: Our Choice, the United Methodist LABOR DAY '84 Church Council on Peace, will present a The Texas AFL-CIO is sponsoring EDOM ARTS FAIR conference, "Sharing Shalom: The Good several events to commemorate Labor The thirteenth annual Arts Fair will be News of Peace," September 17 - 20, Mo Ranch, Hunt. Speakers include: Dr. Justo Day, September 3. Texas AFL-CIO September 8 - 9 in the studios and green- President Harry Hubbard will speak space of the arty east Texas town of Edom, Gonzalez, Sister Mary Like Tobin, Jim September 3 in the following cities: El population 250. The fair features an invited Lawson, and John Westerhoff, who will Paso, Airport Hilton, 9 a.m., call Juan and juried selection of high quality work discuss the general topic of peace from Aranda (915) 544-2266 for details; Mid- from artists in Texas, New Mexico, several perspectives, for example, the land-Odessa, noon, call Daily Willis Arkansas, Tennessee, Oklahoma, and methods and approaches to peace educa- (915) 682-2700 for place; the Brazoria Co. other Southern states. Food, music, and tion, the spiritual foundations of peace Fairgrounds, 3 p.m., call O.D. Kenemore homespun pageantry will abound; entrance education, theological and biblical reflec- (409) 265-4271 for details; and San is free. Edom is on Highway 279 between tions on peace, and church history regard- Antonio, plans not yet final, call Joan Canton and Tyler, about 1 1 12 hours east ing violence, repression and peace activ- Suarez, (512) 223-3223 for information. of Dallas. Fair hours are 10 a.m.-6 p.m., ism. Peace activists, lay people, clergy members, and the public is invited to The Austin AFL-CIO will host a public Saturday, and noon-6 p.m., Sunday. For more information call Potter Brown, attend. $95 registration fee. Write Pax: bar-b-que, 10 a.m.-12:30 p.m., Our Choice, Box 28098, San Antonio. September 3, Auditorium Shores, Austin; (214) 852-6473, or Sue Anders, (214) 238-6005, or write Edom Crafts 78284; or, call (512) 432-4680, Gina $4 per plate, $2.50 for children. Call Osenbach, for more information. Walter Timberlake (512) 472-5421 for Community, Box 487, Brownsboro, information. 75756. FREEZE CORPS NEEDS SUPPLIES Also on September 3, the Houston MEXICAN PHOTOGRAPHS Volunteer college students who are Toxic Substances Task Force will host its The San Antonio Museum of Art will working for the Nuclear Freeze Corps in Annual Waterfront Festival, Sam Houston focus on Mexican history this fall with an Houston need office supplies and house- Park, with canoe races, food, skits, music, exhibition of photographs dating from hold amenities to help furnish the house

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 21 on loan to them until November. The that has created those weapons. Those 523-3431; Citizens' Party, 434-1350; Demo. volunteers are working to turn out Freeze interested in organizing at home or at Socialists of America (DSA), 645-6522; Gay supporters willing to work for the Freeze Greenham Common may contact Lisa Political Caucus, 521-1000; Harris Co. position in electoral races. Contact Ann Honig, 320 Rutledge St., San Francisco, Concerned Women, 674-0968; Houston Anti- Wharton, (713) 522-3343, Freeze Voter CA, 94110, (415) 647-9130 for more Draft Coalition, 529-4087; Houston Area Women's Center, 528-6798; Houston Nonvio- '84, 7601 Edna St., Houston, 77087, for information. lent Action, 661-9889; Houston War Tax a list of what's needed. Resistance, 661-9889; Interfaith Cmte. on Progressive Organizations Central America, 526-3276; Interfaith Peace- MELLOW PAGES The Observer has built-up lists of organiza- force of Houston, 688-3803; Lesbian and Gay The Music Umbrella of Austin, a tions in Texas we regard as progressive. The Demos. of Texas, 521-1000; Metropolitan nonprofit organization that supports the editor invites communications recommending Organization, 868-1429; Mothers Without continued development of all musical organizations for inclusion. We will generally Custody, 880-1950; NAACP, 526-3389; print the listings for Austin and Around Texas NICASOL (Nicaraguan Solidarity), 522- interests and activities in Austin, is helping in one issue, followed by Dallas, Fort Worth; musicians and persons looking for musi- 0619; North Harris Co. Demos., Box 90704, Houston and San Antonio in the next. The 77290; NOW, 522-6673; Nuclear Weapons cians locate each other through the Mellow complete list is available for a $5 processing Freeze Campaign, 522-2422; Park People, Pages, a comprehensive directory of fee to any group deemed progressive in purpose. Inc., 741-2524; Physicians for Social Respon- musicians and musical services. The 1985 sibility, 792-5048, or 774-4006; Pueblo to edition also features the "Musician's First- HOUSTON People, 523-1197; Senate Dist. 15 Demos., Aid Kit," giving details about copyright, ACLU, 524-5925; ACORN, 523-6989; 862-8431; Sierra Club, 523-3431; Southern tax laws, entertainment law, and strategies Americans for Democratic Action, 669-0880; Africa Task Force, 528-1225; Tx. Abortion for getting gigs, making demos, selecting Amnesty Intl., 525-3121; Casa Juan Diego, Rights Action League (TARAL), 520-0850; an agent, and gaining better access to 869-7376; Centro Para Inmigrantes de Tx. Coalition of Black Demos., 674-0968; Tx. Houston, 228-0091; CISPES, 524-4801: Fathers for Equal Rights, 960-0407; Toxic media exposure. Members of the Music Citizens' Anti-Nuclear Info. Team (CAN IT), Substances Task Force, 523-3431: Women's Umbrella are listed free; display ads are 522-3343; Citizens' Environmental Coalition. Lobby Alliance, 521-0439. also accepted. For information on advertis- ing rates, membership in the Music "AAA, Umbrella, or to order the Mellow Pages, contact the Music Umbrella, Box 1438, Austin, 78767, (512) 476-1324. Also, the Music Umbrella will sponsor the sixth annual Austin Songwriters U) Competition September 15-16. Semifinal competitions are Saturday, September 15, ry 2-6 p.m., Soap Creek Saloon (folk-country 0 music), The Continental Club (jazz, pop, .0 and rock), and Waterloo Ice House (ethnic Cu and other). The final competition is x Sunday, September 16, Symphony a)

Square, 7 p.m., $3 admission. 0 C) WOMEN STRIKE FOR PEACE C The most extensive NATO exercises since World War II will take place in West 4 Germany, September 20-30, to test 0 conventional, chemical and nuclear war ca plans. The women at the Greenhorn Common Peace Camp call all women to 8 come to Greenham Common during the 0 0 exercises, or to organize actions wherever a. they are, to protest the deployment of cruise missiles in Britain and the system Labor Day, 1936, Houston Garment Workers.

For President Gustavo Diaz Ordaz, • AFTERWORD • in the fourth year of his six-year term, what had started in late spring as a student protest had become a major Observations on an Earlier Olympic Summer domestic crisis. Not repressive tactics like the military occupation of the national university and the July 30 assault on the San Idelfonso Preparatory Tlatelolco Remembered School, nor conciliatory gestures like the president's "outstretched hand" speech of August 1 had moved the conflict By Louis Dubose toward resolution. And on the twelfth day of October, the whole world would be watching. Austin Olympic Games, the event that was to As Octavio Paz observed, in his showcase a modern Mexico, 300,000 introduction to Elena Poniatowska's protestors marched from Mexico City's 4 IAZ ORDAZ, Massacre in Mexico, (Viking Press, donde Museum of Anthropology to the Zocalo, 4 D estds?" the huge central plaza that had been the "Diaz Ordaz, dOnde estas?" seat of government since 1521. Louis Dubose, a frequent Observer On August 27, 1968, forty-seven days "Where," they chanted, "is Diaz contributor, is a freelance writer living before the opening of the Nineteenth Ordaz?" in Austin.

22 AUGUST 31, 1984 New York, 1975), the ideology of the oned. Reporters from England's daily, protest. Political lines that had been student movement was ill-defined. the Guardian, claimed that 325 were blurred by PRI's seduction of the There was the belief that they were part killed during the assault. In 1971, Mexican left were brought into clear of the process of the Mexican Revolu- faculty committees from the National public focus. tion, that there was a direct connection University and the Polytechnical Insti- between their movement and the railway tute published a list of names of 132 Critics of the majority party's han- workers' struggle of 1958, that their students wounded, 39 killed (not in- dling of the student protest raised the movement was somehow related to cluding three unidentified bodies), and question of North American involve- Castro's revolution. In the place of ment in the internal affairs of Mexico. realism were "empty formulas, rigid Beyond claims that Diaz Ordaz had programs, dogmatic oversimplifica- sacrificed his nation's children to ingra- tions, vacuous high-flown phrases and . . . it was during this tiate himself to Lyndon Johnson, by slogans . . . Their acts were real, their moment frozen in history dealing firmly with communist interpretations imaginary." dissenters, there were recriminations of that their government C.I.A. involvement in the repression of Yet, there was something about the the student movement. In late August, political tactics of the leaders of the stood revealed. Lincoln Gordon, a Johns Hopkins movement, students from the administrator with state department Universidad Nacional Autonoma de connections, had visited Mexico City. Mexico, professors, and schoolteachers, three disappeared. Military camps in the Among those sympathetic to the student that appealed to the Mexican people. Federal District and several states were cause, his public attack on the Demands for direct and open dialogue converted into prisons, and many ar- protesters, in a speech sponsored by the with the government, for an end to rested at the time of the attack were American Chamber of Commerce of government control of labor unions, for detained for more than two years. Mexico, was interpreted as a signal from the liberation of political prisoners like In the United States, the massacre at Washington. The United States involve- Demetrio Vallejo — jailed eleven years Tiatelolco was a two-day wire service story in most big city dailies. In Mexico, ment was never proven, but, in the particularly for the nation's youth, it was absence of fact, many Mexicans shared an enormous human rights tragedy. It the suspicions of socialist labor leader stifled public dissent, and, in a sense, Vicente Lombardo Toledano, who had The government never gave was the crucible in which the Mexican said that "to believe that the Central full account of the dead, left of today was made. For a generation Intelligence Agency of the North Ameri- of Mexicans, it was during this moment can government had refrained from wounded, and imprisoned. frozen in history that their government acting in Mexico is to live outside of stood revealed. The people, la rata, had reality." tried their hand at confrontational direct One hundred and eight nations partici- democracy; their paternalistic govern- pated in the Nineteenth Olympic Games. earlier for his part in the railroad ment had responded. South Africa was barred; none boy- workers' protest — broadened popular Within a year, Luis Echeverria, Di'az cotted. President Diaz selected a theme: support. Impassioned and articulate Ordaz's Secretary of Internal Affairs, "With peace, anything is possible." speakers invoked images of Che Gue- whom many considered the architect of American sprinters John Carlos and vara and traditional icons of the Revolu- the Tlatelolco assault, was paraded Tommie Smith were sent home after tion, Villa and Zapata, turning out large before the public as el tapado, the raising clenched black fists during numbers of people on short notice. All presidential designate of the dominant playing of the American national anthem of this and the Olympics. Institutional Party of the Revolution at their awards presentation. The United On October 2, ten days before (PRI). Mexicans cynically describe their States won 45 gold medals. Mexico won opening ceremonies, the government political system as a dedocracia, where three. The only official to protest the moved against the students. A detach- the incumbent president, with the ges- government's action at Tlatelolco was ment of Mexico's Olympic Batallion ture of a dedo (finger) designates his Mexican poet Octavio Paz, who re- sealed off the Plaza de Tres Culturas, successor. Diaz Ordaz's selection of signed his position as his country's a labyrinthine pre-Cortesian archeologi- Echeverria appeared to be official ambassador to India and returned to cal park in the Aztec market sanction of his handling of the student Mexico City. barrio of Tiatelolco, where a student ❑ gathering was in progress. For five hours, into the morning of October 3, while a helicopter circled above, sol- diers and granaderos (riot police) CHEESE trained their weapons on students and bystanders. At dawn, mothers and fathers of middle-class families lined up CAKE outside makeshift morgues to identify sons and daughters. President Diaz Ordaz had restored tranquility to the city and closed the door, for decades, on ON THE RIVERWALK public dissent in his republic. SERVING SANDWICHES TO SEAFOOD, Qbel FROM 11:30 UNTIL 11:30 The government never gave full EVERY DAY OF THE WEEK; Ikanproo account of the dead, wounded, and imprisoned. In his Tres Culturas en OPEN TILL MIDNIGHT Agonia, Jorge Carrion claims that 400 IN THE METRO CENTER, SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS (loud were killed or wounded and 800 impris-

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 23 Postmaster. If undeliverable, send Form 3579 to The Texas Observer, 60) W. 7th, Austin, Texas 78701

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THE LIBERTARIAN PARTY meets first NO MORON FOR PRESIDENT Wednesday of every month, 7 p.III., Austin Public bumperstickers, $2.00 ea., 3/$5, 10/512,' CLASSIFIFD Library, 800 Guadalupe, meeting room A. Contact 20+/$1.00 ea. DemoGraphics Box 9802-553, Gary Edward Johnson, 1500 Royal Crest #132, Austin, Texas 78766. Austin 78741, (512) 441-6378, or LP Headquar- BOOK HUNTING? No obligation search for rare ters. 7887 Katy Freeway #385, Houston 77024, BACKPACKING -- MOUNTAINEERING — or out-of-print books. Sue Spradlin, (713) 686-1776. RAFTING. Outback Expeditions, P.O. Box 44, BOOKFRONT. (512) 472-2540, Box 5545, Terlingua, Texas 79852. (915) 371-2490. Austin, Texas 78763. TEXANNA specialist. THE AUSTIN TENANTS' COUNCIL'S mobile Browting by appointment only. 1112 W. 10th, tool lending library offers a variety of tools for house THE JUST-PUBLISHED 1 971-1981 Texas Austin. and apartment repairs to low/moderate income Observer Index is now available. Contact the tenants or homeowners in East or South Austin. Attractive bumper sticker says "TEXAS WOMEN business office at 600 W. 7th, Austin 78701, (512) Transportation provided. Se habla espanol. 477-0746. VOTE!" Proceeds benefit Texas Women for the 474-1962. Eighties, a voter registration and participation drive targeted at lower income and minority women. WHEATSVILLE FOOD CO-OP. 3101 Guada- THE TEXAS COUNCIL ON FAMILY VIO- Help us get the gender gap on the road! Buy 5 lupe, Austin 78705. Open 9 to 11. LENCE is sponsoring a statewide domestic or 10 bumper stickers and share them with your violence conference which will be held at the friends. Buy 25 or more and sell them at a profit FREEWHEELING BICYCLES. 2404 San Ga- Wyndham in Austin (October 10-12). Workshop for your organization, campaign, or cause. briel, Austin. For whatever your bicycle needs. topics will include the criminal justice system and A dollar a piece; $5 minimum. Make checks violence, accompanying a battered woman to payable to TEXAS WOMEN VOTE. Mail c/o DRAFT REGISTRATION QUESTONS? Draft court, balancing career and family, board/staff Trish Cunningham, 1315 Westmoor Dr., Austin TX counseling available from American Friends conflict, the violent person, tools to prevent burnout and incest counseling and advocacy. For 78723. Service Committee. 1022 W. 6th, Austin 78703 (512) 474-2399. further information contact the Texas Council on JOIN THE ACLU. Membership $20. Texas Civil Family Violence, 509-A West Lynn, Austin, Liberties Union, 600 West 7th, Austin 78701. MA BELL by Bryan Sloan is a book explaining Texas 78703. their deceptive accounting practices and how Bell CENTRAL AMERICAN TIMES — Photos, has averaged over 42% profit annually for 25 Classified advertising is 40(C per word. years, and has already received far more telephone articles by Central Americans, in English transla- Discounts for multiple insertions within a 12- rate raises than due. $7.50 at your book store tion. $18 for 12 issues (one year). Sample issue: month period: 25 times, 60%; 12 times, 30%; or order postpaid from Vantage Press. 516 West $2. Enlace Press, P.O. Box 159. Port Aransas, 6 times, 15%. 'Texas 78373. 34th Street, New York, N.Y. 10001.

24 AUGUST 31, 1984