Eastern Partnership
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Issue 3 (13), 2018 BORDERS EAST STRATEGY CIVIL SOCIETY FORUM CHANGES PRAGUE DELIVERABLES UKRAINE POLICY EUROPEAN UNION REFORMS ASSOCIATION NEIGHBOURHOOD EASTERN PARTNERSHIP RUSSIA WEST PESCO DELIVERABLES FORUM BORDERS BORDERS ASSOCIATION PERSPECTIVES CHANGES UA: Ukraine Analytica · 3 (13), 2018 • EASTERN PARTNERSHIP • NEIGHBOURHOOD POLICY • EUROPEAN UNION 1 BOARD OF ADVISERS Dr. Dimitar Bechev (Bulgaria, Director of the European Policy Institute) Issue 3 (13), 2018 Dr. Iulian Chifu Analysis and Early Warning Center) (Romania, Director of the Conflict European Neighrborhood Amb., Dr. Sergiy Korsunsky (Ukraine, Director of the Diplomatic Academy under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine) Editors Dr. Igor Koval (Ukraine, Rector of Odessa National Dr. Hanna Shelest University by I.I. Mechnikov) Dr. Mykola Kapitonenko Amb., Dr. Sergey Minasyan (Armenia, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Armenia to Romania) Publisher: Published by NGO “Promotion of Intercultural (Germany, Director of the Cooperation” (Ukraine), Centre of International Marcel Röthig Representation of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Ukraine) of the Representation of the Friedrich Ebert Studies (Ukraine), with the financial support Foundation in Ukraine, and the Black Sea Trust. James Nixey (United Kingdom, Head of the Russia and Eurasia Programme at Chatham House, the UA: Ukraine Analytica Royal Institute of International Affairs) analytical journal in English on International is the first Ukrainian Relations, Politics and Economics. The journal Dr. Róbert Ondrejcsák (Slovakia, State Secretary, is aimed for experts, diplomats, academics, Ministry of Defence) students interested in the international relations and Ukraine in particular. Amb., Dr. Oleg Shamshur (Ukraine, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to Contacts: France) website: http://ukraine-analytica.org/ e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Stephan De Spiegeleire (The Netherlands, Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ Director Defence Transformation at The Hague ukraineanalytica Center for Strategic Studies) Twitter: https://twitter.com/UA_Analytica Ivanna Klympush-Tsintsadze (Ukraine, Vice- The views and opinions expressed in Prime Minister on European and Euroatlantic articles are those of the authors and do not Integration of Ukraine) Analytica, its editors, Board of Advisors or Dr. Dimitris Triantaphyllou (Greece, Director of necessarily reflect the position of UA: Ukraine donors. the Center for International and European Studies, Kadir Has University (Turkey)) ISSN 2518-7481 500 copies Dr. Asle Toje (Norway, Research Director at the Norwegian Nobel Institute) UA: Ukraine Analytica · 3 (13), 2018 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS THE ONLY WAY TO BENEFIT FROM THE ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT IS TO ENSURE ITS SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION 3 Interview with Amb. Kostiantyn Yelisieiev, Deputy Head of the Administration of the President of Ukraine THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP AT THE TURN OF ITS TENTH ANNIVERSARY: WHERE HAVE WE COME SINCE PRAGUE, AND WHERE TO GO NEXT? 7 Pavel Havlicek TEN-POINT MEMO ON THE REVISED EASTERN PARTNERSHIP MULTILATERAL ARCHITECTURE 14 Hennadiy Maksak EASTERN PARTNERSHIP: WHAT OPTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT ARE NEXT FOR UKRAINE? 19 Oksana Dobrzhanska EAP–EU ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: WHAT IS NEXT? 25 Yurii Vdovenko ADVANCING THE REFORM AGENDA WITHIN THE EU ASSOCIATION AGREEMENTS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MOLDOVA, GEORGIA, AND UKRAINE ON THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY 33 Andrei Iovu THE EU TOWARDS RUSSIA IN THE EASTERN NEIGHBOURHOOD – MISSING THE STRATEGIC VISION 41 Loredana Maria Simionov WHY BELARUS HAS A DISTINCTIVE POSITION IN THE ENP 46 Fatih Ekinci EU-NATO COOPERATION: IS PESCO THE ANSWER TO THE BALANCE OF EU’S REGIONAL PRIORITIES? 55 Alexandru C. Apetroe and Daniel Gheorghe 2 UA: Ukraine Analytica · 3 (13), 2018 THE ONLY WAY TO BENEFIT FROM THE ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT IS TO ENSURE ITS SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION Interview with Amb. Kostiantyn Yelisieiev Deputy Head of the Administration of the President of Ukraine Has the Eastern Partnership The future of the Eastern Partnership is succeeded? Can it be further closely linked to deeper differentiation. improved? Ten years of implementation showed that the EaP became a multi-speed initiative Ukraine considers the Eastern Partnership where different partners have different as a complementary track to our bilateral expectations. dialogue with the EU. It is clear that our main milestones – visa-free regime, Association Ukraine considers the the achievements of the bilateral track. Agreement, macro-financial assistance – are Eastern Partnership as a «complementary track to our Next year will mark the 10th anniversary of bilateral dialogue with the EU the Eastern Partnership. We deem this date within the EaP. The ‘EU+6’ format could continueshould officially existing informalise parallel withdifferentiation the ‘EU+3’ The possibility of an enhanced dialogue and cover such initiatives as harmonising with Associated Partners is enshrined in the of roaming prices among the Eastern Brussels Summit declaration. The informal partners, cultural and youth cooperation ministerial meeting on trade and DCFTA- (EaP European School, Erasmus+, Creative related issues in the ‘EU+3’ format became Europe, Horizon 2020), enhancing of cyber security, etc. a dialogue. It has proved its importance asthe afirst platform practical for implementationdiscussions related of such to Ukraine remains committed to the success of DCFTA implementation and coordination the Eastern Partnership and is ready to lead of efforts to promote trade and regulatory in the process of its further development convergence with the EU and between and enhancement. DCFTA countries. In particular, the meeting was very useful to compare notes among Should it be EaP+ to encourage the the EU and the DCFTA partner countries three states (Ukraine, Moldova, and on homework done in several key DCFTA Georgia) that signed the Association priorities: reform of public procurement, Agreement for further European customs facilitation, promotion of SMEs, and integration? approximation of the SPS standards. UA: Ukraine Analytica · 3 (13), 2018 3 Ukraine is interested in regular and close cooperation with the EU and other DCFTA countries on these and other priorities in obviousWhen weanswer talk wouldabout bebenefits “trade of”. Ourthe order to ensure effective implementation DCFTAAssociation has been Agreement, in force thesince first 2016 and and most we of the DCFTA goals and objectives. In this can already see remarkable results. Today regard, it is necessary to set up regular the EU is our main trade partner with a ministerial meetings in this format and share of 41.2% of Ukrainian total trade in propose to host the next meeting in Kyiv. goods and services. Moreover, our export to the EU increases every year. We had 26.7% of growth in 2017, and 18.9% of growth during January-July of 2018. As a result of implementation of the Agreement, Ukraine would Statistics shows that Ukrainian businesses «de facto reach political and can be competitive in the EU market. Thus, economic criteria that would make we expect that our export to the EU will our country eligible to join the EU continue to grow. DCFTA opens up huge prospects for investors. We see European companies that are seeking new opportunities in our market. Moreover, we deem that this experience Just during last month: we had $450 million could be transferred to other areas of from NBT of Norway, which invested in cooperation and cover approximation of renewable energy in Ukraine; IKEA started partners’ legislation in such areas as Digital a new large-scale project in Ukraine; H&M Single Market, customs cooperation, and Digital Single Market to the EaP countries numberopened ofits destinations first store in theUkraine; EU countries. Ryanair wouldEnergy helpUnion. the Extending EU and thepartner benefits countries of the launched flights from Ukrainian airports to a gain greater opportunities from emerging DCFTA became one of the major driving digital technologies in terms of economic forces for development of economic recovery development, infrastructure modernisation, of the country. and promoting trade, as digital economy is By signing the Association Agreement, areas of cooperation. the EU and Ukraine have committed to one of the most important and beneficial enhancing energy security, facilitating the What are three biggest opportunities development of appropriate infrastructure, the EU Association Agreement increasing market integration and regulatory generates for Ukraine? approximation towards key elements of the EU acquis. The Association Agreement is offering huge opportunities for Ukraine’s transformation Ukraine shares the objectives of the Energy into a modern European democratic state. Union, of all its pillars – energy security, market integration, decarbonisation, First, I would like to highlight a strategic environment, and research. Currently there opportunity this Agreement generates for are different legal and policy frameworks Ukraine. As a result of implementation of the for Ukraine-EU cooperation in the energy Agreement, Ukraine would de facto reach sphere. They include the Association political and economic criteria that would Agreement, Energy Community, EaP make our country eligible to join the EU. initiatives, etc. These instruments allow 4 UA: Ukraine Analytica · 3 (13), 2018 Ukraine and the EU to synchronise fully Ukraine’s membership in the EU and NATO, as their ways to achieving the goals of the was proposed by President