Neighbourhoodperspectives Forum Eastern Partnership
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Issue 3 (13), 2018 BORDERS EAST STRATEGY CIVIL SOCIETY FORUM CHANGES PRAGUE DELIVERABLES UKRAINE POLICY EUROPEAN UNION REFORMS ASSOCIATION NEIGHBOURHOOD EASTERN PARTNERSHIP RUSSIA WEST PESCO DELIVERABLES FORUM BORDERS BORDERS ASSOCIATION PERSPECTIVES CHANGES UA: Ukraine Analytica · 3 (13), 2018 • EASTERN PARTNERSHIP • NEIGHBOURHOOD POLICY • EUROPEAN UNION 1 BOARD OF ADVISERS Dr. Dimitar Bechev (Bulgaria, Director of the European Policy Institute) Issue 3 (13), 2018 Dr. Iulian Chifu Analysis and Early Warning Center) (Romania, Director of the Conflict European Neighrborhood Amb., Dr. Sergiy Korsunsky (Ukraine, Director of the Diplomatic Academy under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine) Editors Dr. Igor Koval (Ukraine, Rector of Odessa National Dr. Hanna Shelest University by I.I. Mechnikov) Dr. Mykola Kapitonenko Amb., Dr. Sergey Minasyan (Armenia, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Armenia to Romania) Publisher: Published by NGO “Promotion of Intercultural (Germany, Director of the Cooperation” (Ukraine), Centre of International Marcel Röthig Representation of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Ukraine) of the Representation of the Friedrich Ebert Studies (Ukraine), with the financial support Foundation in Ukraine, and the Black Sea Trust. James Nixey (United Kingdom, Head of the Russia and Eurasia Programme at Chatham House, the UA: Ukraine Analytica Royal Institute of International Affairs) analytical journal in English on International is the first Ukrainian Relations, Politics and Economics. The journal Dr. Róbert Ondrejcsák (Slovakia, State Secretary, is aimed for experts, diplomats, academics, Ministry of Defence) students interested in the international relations and Ukraine in particular. Amb., Dr. Oleg Shamshur (Ukraine, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to Contacts: France) website: http://ukraine-analytica.org/ e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Stephan De Spiegeleire (The Netherlands, Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ Director Defence Transformation at The Hague ukraineanalytica Center for Strategic Studies) Twitter: https://twitter.com/UA_Analytica Ivanna Klympush-Tsintsadze (Ukraine, Vice- The views and opinions expressed in Prime Minister on European and Euroatlantic articles are those of the authors and do not Integration of Ukraine) Analytica, its editors, Board of Advisors or Dr. Dimitris Triantaphyllou (Greece, Director of necessarily reflect the position of UA: Ukraine donors. the Center for International and European Studies, Kadir Has University (Turkey)) ISSN 2518-7481 500 copies Dr. Asle Toje (Norway, Research Director at the Norwegian Nobel Institute) UA: Ukraine Analytica · 3 (13), 2018 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS THE ONLY WAY TO BENEFIT FROM THE ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT IS TO ENSURE ITS SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION 3 Interview with Amb. Kostiantyn Yelisieiev, Deputy Head of the Administration of the President of Ukraine THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP AT THE TURN OF ITS TENTH ANNIVERSARY: WHERE HAVE WE COME SINCE PRAGUE, AND WHERE TO GO NEXT? 7 Pavel Havlicek TEN-POINT MEMO ON THE REVISED EASTERN PARTNERSHIP MULTILATERAL ARCHITECTURE 14 Hennadiy Maksak EASTERN PARTNERSHIP: WHAT OPTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT ARE NEXT FOR UKRAINE? 19 Oksana Dobrzhanska EAP–EU ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: WHAT IS NEXT? 25 Yurii Vdovenko ADVANCING THE REFORM AGENDA WITHIN THE EU ASSOCIATION AGREEMENTS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MOLDOVA, GEORGIA, AND UKRAINE ON THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY 33 Andrei Iovu THE EU TOWARDS RUSSIA IN THE EASTERN NEIGHBOURHOOD – MISSING THE STRATEGIC VISION 41 Loredana Maria Simionov WHY BELARUS HAS A DISTINCTIVE POSITION IN THE ENP 46 Fatih Ekinci EU-NATO COOPERATION: IS PESCO THE ANSWER TO THE BALANCE OF EU’S REGIONAL PRIORITIES? 55 Alexandru C. Apetroe and Daniel Gheorghe 2 UA: Ukraine Analytica · 3 (13), 2018 EASTERN PARTNERSHIP: WHAT OPTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT ARE NEXT FOR UKRAINE? Dr Oksana Dobrzhanska Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University In this article, the author researches the Eastern Partnership’s achievements and possibilities of further development. There is an attempt to find the reason behind the Eastern Partnership’s limited results. Special attention is paid to the Ukrainian case. There are scores of the Association Agreement of Ukraine and the EU’ implementation. Eastern Partnership – Does It Bring the European Union. Georgia, Moldova, and Countries Participating in the Initiative Ukraine are seeking membership in the to the Prospect of the EU Membership or organisation, while Azerbaijan, Belarus, Remove Them from It? and Armenia do not express such a desire. So, the question should be put as follows: The EU Eastern Partnership Initiative, Is the Eastern Partnership a European launched in 2009, being a ‘branch’ of the Union’s policy of rapprochement with European Neighbourhood Policy, as from the the EU or is it an attempt by the EU very beginning, still raises many questions to strengthen its influence on the EaP and sparks a lively debate. Approaches of member states while keeping them still at countries to this initiative vary. It seems that a distance? the Eastern Partnership unites the countries not at the level of development of bilateral What Has Been Achieved within relations with the EU and the ambitions of the Framework of the Eastern the EU, but from a geographical point of view. Partnership? Obviously, the initiative has raised The next year will mark 10 years of the the question on whether the Eastern Eastern Partnership. This is enough time Partnership, in the long run, provides the to see and analyse the implications of this EU membership perspective. The answer initiative. It is worth noting that during is – participation in the initiative does not ensure membership in the EU but does place with both the initiative itself and not deny it. This position is disappointing thethis timecountries. significant Signing transformations the Association took for Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine, Agreements with Georgia, Moldova, and which are seeking a clearer prospect of Ukraine in 2014 can be considered as full membership in the EU. As of 2018, the main achievement of the Eastern it became more and more obvious that Partnership. Undoubtedly, this is a the Eastern Partnership countries have different speeds of cooperation with the with the EU and a new stage in relations. significant step towards rapprochement UA: Ukraine Analytica · 3 (13), 2018 19 The Eastern Partnership Index 2015-20161 a report on the implementation of the provides interesting data on achievements. Association Agreement between Ukraine In this study, two dimensions determine the and the European Union for 20172. This European Integration Index of the Eastern study showed that the overall progress of Partnership countries: Approximation the Association Agreement reached only degree of implementation by the countries 41%.Ukraine’s More fulfilment concretely, of obligations the Verkhovna under ofand keyLinkage. EU Approximationnorms and internationalreflects the Rada coped with its tasks at 31%, central standards in certain areas. At the same executive bodies at 42%, and other bodies of state power at 50%. For Ukraine, the intergovernmental ties among business, most problematic areas of implementation civiltime, society,Interconnection and governments (Linkage) reflectsin the of the commitments were: public health – countries of the Eastern Partnership and 4%; transport, postal services – 11%; the EU. The Index 2015-2016 demonstrated public procurement – 22%; environment Armenia’s progress in approximation to the – 27%; science, technology and innovation, EU standards and it is placed together with space – 27%; sanitary and phytosanitary the three AA signatory countries – Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine. The worst placed EaP utilities – 39%. country in Approximation is Belarus. measures – 33%; energy efficiency and A positive result of cooperation within the In contrast, in the Linkage section of the framework of the Eastern Partnership is a Index 2015-2016, Armenia is placed visa-free regime with the EU of the three scarcely better than Belarus, lagging far EaP countries – Georgia, Moldova, and behind the three AA signatory countries, Ukraine. According to the EU ambassador in Ukraine Hugh Mingarelli, the percentage dialogue and a reorientation of Armenia’s of Ukrainians who go to Europe has grown reflecting a lower intensity of political the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The regim3. worsttrade flowsplaced towards EaP country Russia sincein Linkage it joined is by 15% during the first year of visa-free Azerbaijan. Moldova is the frontrunner in Regarding the assessment of the Eastern both dimensions of the Index 2015-2016 but Partnership by the European Union, we can is closely followed in Linkage by Georgia and quote President Jean-Claude Juncker, who at in Approximation by Ukraine. the Eastern Partnership Summit in Brussels in November 2017 said: As far as the Association Agreement itself is concerned, in 2018, the Government The Eastern Partnership is first and foremost a partnership of people. It is about improving lives in all of our countries, about ofOffice the forVice the Prime Coordination Minister forof European bringing our societies closer together. It is and Euro-AtlanticEuro-Atlantic Integration,Integration atof the Ukraine Office about standing up for the values, principles, together with the experts of the European and aspirations that people in the European Union Project “Assossiation4U” issued Union and in our eastern neighbourhood 2 Report on Implementation of the Association