Oceania Cruises' 2021-2022 Tropics & Exotics Collection Is an Imaginatively Curated Array of Voyages That Explores the Mo

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Oceania Cruises’ 2021-2022 Tropics & Exotics Collection is an imaginatively curated array of voyages that explores the most coveted corners of the world. The voyages in this collection beckon you to explore the captivating history, traditions and many charismatic facets of South America, Asia, the South Pacific, and Caribbean. Oceania Cruises continually strives to find new ways to provide you with the ultimate in destination explorations so they’re introducing new Go Local Tours so you can immerse yourself in the local way of life and discover enriching ways to bond with the communities where you are traveling. 2021-2022 Tropics & Exotics Collection Highlights n More than 100 itineraries, over 75 of them brand new and 10 exciting new ports to explore, which feature some of Japan’s more unique and lesser-visited destinations such as the island of Amami Oshima and Sapporo, the capital of Hokkaido n Experience the many personalities of Africa with one-of-a-kind touring options that bring you unforgettable safaris, or venture to the southernmost reaches of South America and explore the best of Patagonia and the rare opportunity to witness pure Antarctic beauty as you cruise by remote locations such as Deception Island and Paradise Bay n Take advantage of diverse tropical escapes that offer you the bliss of their uncommon Caribbean, featuring boutique ports such as Roseau, Dominica; Kralendijk, Bonaire; Kingstown, St. Vincent and the new port of Îles de Saintes, Guadeloupe — continued NEW Value Added Exclusive Now, you will receive even MORE value with Oceania Cruises’ OLife Choice Airfare promotion, which will include Free Roundtrip Airport Transfers on every one of their 2021-2022 Tropics & Exotics Collection voyages. Value Added Exclusive: Free Transfers with OLife Choice Airfare* 2 for 1 Cruise Fares & Free Internet OLife Choice | Includes: Roundtrip Airfare* Plus choose one: Free Shore Excursions Free Beverage Package Free Shipboard Credit New Season Highlights New Ports of Call Amami Oshima (Naze), Japan More than 100 total itineraries Ishinomaki, Japan More than 90 unique itineraries Îles des Saintes, Guadeloupe More than 75 new itineraries Moji, Japan More than 155 overnights Mystery Island, Vanuatu More than 270 ports Onahama, Japan More than 25 Extended Journeys Otaru (Sapporo), Japan Panama City, Panama Port Arthur (Tasmania), Australia Whittier, Alaska FEB2020169.

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South America Wine Cruise!
South America Wine Cruise! 17-Day Voyage Aboard Oceania Marina Santiago to Buenos Aires January 28 to February 14, 2022 Prepare to be awestruck by the magnificent wonders of South America! Sail through the stunning fjords of Patagonia and experience the cheerfully painted colonial buildings and cosmopolitan lifestyle of Uruguay and Argentina. Many people know about the fantastic Malbec, Torrontes, Tannat, and Carminiere wines that come from this area, but what they may not know is how many other great styles of wine are made by passionate winemakers throughout Latin America. This cruise will give you the chance to taste really remarkable wines from vineyards cooled by ocean breezes to those perched high in the snow-capped Andes. All made even more fun and educational by your wine host Paul Wagner! Your Exclusive Onboard Wine Experience Welcome Aboard Reception Four Exclusive Wine Paired Dinners Four Regional Wine Seminars Farewell Reception Paul Wagner Plus Enjoy: Renowned Wine Expert and Author Pre-paid Gratuities! (Expedia exclusive benefit!) "After many trips to Latin America, I want to share the wines, food and Complimentary Wine and Beer with lunch and dinner* culture of this wonderful part of the Finest cuisine at sea from Executive Chef Jacques Pépin world with you. The wines of these FREE Unlimited Internet (one per stateroom) countries are among the best in the Country club-casual ambiance world, and I look forward to Complimentary non-alcoholic beverages throughout the ship showing you how great they can be on this cruise.” *Ask how this can be upgraded to the All Inclusive Drink package onboard.
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Link Between the Double-Intertropical Convergence Zone Problem and Cloud Biases Over the Southern Ocean
Link between the double-Intertropical Convergence Zone problem and cloud biases over the Southern Ocean Yen-Ting Hwang1 and Dargan M. W. Frierson Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1640 Edited by Mark H. Thiemens, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, and approved February 15, 2013 (received for review August 2, 2012) The double-Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) problem, in which climate models show that the bias can be reduced by changing excessive precipitation is produced in the Southern Hemisphere aspects of the convection scheme (e.g., refs. 7–9) or changing the tropics, which resembles a Southern Hemisphere counterpart to the surface wind stress formulation (e.g., ref. 10). Given the complex strong Northern Hemisphere ITCZ, is perhaps the most signiﬁcant feedback processes in the tropics, it is challenging to understand and most persistent bias of global climate models. In this study, we the mechanisms by which the sensitivity experiments listed above look to the extratropics for possible causes of the double-ITCZ improve tropical precipitation. problem by performing a global energetic analysis with historical Recent work in general circulation theory has suggested that simulations from a suite of global climate models and comparing one should not only look within the tropics for features that affect with satellite observations of the Earth’s energy budget. Our results tropical precipitation. A set of idealized experiments showed that show that models with more energy ﬂux into the Southern heating a global climate model exclusively in the extratropics can Hemisphere atmosphere (at the top of the atmosphere and at the lead to tropical rainfall shifts from one side of the tropics to the surface) tend to have a stronger double-ITCZ bias, consistent with other (11).
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General Atmospheric Circulation of the Tropics
General Atmospheric Circulation of the Tropics By Herbert Riehl Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado CURRENT PROBLEMS IN RESEi\RCII The General Atmospheric Circulation of the Tropics by Herbert Riehl Colorado State University In science. ,ve are always interested in a well-ordered simple package whenever such a package appears to be in the offing. There has been widespread belief that the general circulation of the tropics meets these requirements. The weather observations which have been gathered in increasing volume in the upper air over the tropics during the last 15 years" ho\vever, have thrown doubt on the validity of such a simple view. They appear to call for a more complex ap proach to an ultimate understanding of the tropical atmospheric ma chineryand of the interaction between tropical and temperate latitudes. The question no\v is: must we really accept an increased order of difficulty, or can the evidence of the new observations be reconciled with the older approach? If so, chances at arriving at a definite solu tion of the tropical general circulation problem within the next decade would be greatly enhanced.. In one respect the story has not changed; the tropics are a heat source for the atmosphere of higher latitudes. This fact, in broad terms. has been appreciated for centuries. Further, circumnaviga tion of the oceans by sailing vessels led to recognition of a second fact; the tropics also are the source of momentum for the westerly winds prevalent especially in temperate latitudes. Essentially half. of the globe has winds from east at the surface (fig.
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The Magic of Patagonia Holiday Grade
THE MAGIC OF Tour Code: 46300 Grade 5 PATAGONIA Holiday Duration: 15 nights HOLIDAY DATES Travelling through Chile and Argentina to 6th Nov 2019 - 21st Nov 2019 the end of the world... Walking in the awe-inspiring land of Patagonia, an area of uninterrupted lakes, dormant volcanoes and vast tracts of wilderness. HOLIDAY HIGHLIGHTS Admire the spectacular view and immense glaciers of Torres del Paine. See incredible wildlife - Guanacos, condors, rheas. Cross over the Andean watershed. Tango in Buenos Aires. THE MAGIC OF PATAGONIA HOLIDAY GRADE Where the craggy peaks of the Patagonian Andes This is a Grade 5 holiday. It combines walking in the are too steep sided to hold snow, bare rocks pierce Patagonian Andes with a little sightseeing in Buenos the sky. The famous Torres del Paine are perhaps Aires and Santiago, two iconic capital cities. There the most well known example of this. Snowy are plenty of opportunities for walking through mountains are common but here things are beautiful scenery. The walking in all of our different. Patagonian centres is not particularly high altitude. The highest point we reach on the holiday will likely be 1200m at Pliego Tumbado walking from El We begin our Patagonian journey in Buenos Aires Chalten. Paths are generally good underfoot. where we take in all the iconic sights and sounds of However they are sometimes stony and steep for the city, including an unmissable tango night. Then short sections so walking poles can be useful. on to El Chaten for some rewarding walking with magnificent views of Fitzroy and the surrounding peaks.
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Fire History in Western Patagonia from Paired Tree-Ring Fire-Scar And
Clim. Past, 8, 451–466, 2012 www.clim-past.net/8/451/2012/ Climate doi:10.5194/cp-8-451-2012 of the Past © Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Fire history in western Patagonia from paired tree-ring fire-scar and charcoal records A. Holz1,*, S. Haberle2, T. T. Veblen1, R. De Pol-Holz3,4, and J. Southon4 1Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA 2Department of Archaeology and Natural History, College of Asia & the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia 3Departamento de Oceanograf´ıa, Universidad de Concepcion,´ Chile 4Department of Earth System Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA *present address: School of Plant Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia Correspondence to: A. Holz ([email protected]) Received: 2 September 2011 – Published in Clim. Past Discuss.: 10 October 2011 Revised: 25 January 2012 – Accepted: 27 January 2012 – Published: 9 March 2012 Abstract. Fire history reconstructions are typically based recorded by charcoal from all the sampled bogs and at all on tree ages and tree-ring fire scars or on charcoal in sedi- fire-scar sample sites, is attributed to human-set fires and is mentary records from lakes or bogs, but rarely on both. In outside the range of variability characteristic of these ecosys- this study of fire history in western Patagonia (47–48◦ S) in tems over many centuries and probably millennia. southern South America (SSA) we compared three sedimen- tary charcoal records collected in bogs with tree-ring fire- scar data collected at 13 nearby sample sites.
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Extreme Precipitation in the Tropics Is Closely Associated with Long-Lived Convective Systems ✉ Rémy Roca 1 & Thomas Fiolleau 1
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00015-4 OPEN Extreme precipitation in the tropics is closely associated with long-lived convective systems ✉ Rémy Roca 1 & Thomas Fiolleau 1 Water and energy cycles are linked to global warming through the water vapor feedback and heavy precipitation events are expected to intensify as the climate warms. For the mid- latitudes, extreme precipitation theory has been successful in explaining the observations, 1234567890():,; however, studies of responses in the tropics have diverged. Here we present an analysis of satellite-derived observations of daily accumulated precipitation and of the characteristics of convective systems throughout the tropics to investigate the relationship between the organization of mesoscale convective systems and extreme precipitation in the tropics. We ﬁnd that 40% of the days with more than 250 mm precipitation over land are associated with convective systems that last more than 24 hours, although those systems only represent 5% of mesoscale convective systems overall. We conclude that long-lived mesoscale convective systems that are well organized contribute disproportionally to extreme tropical precipitation. 1 Laboratoire d’Études en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, CNES, IRD), Toulouse, France. ✉ email: [email protected] COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT | (2020) 1:18 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00015-4 | www.nature.com/commsenv 1 ARTICLE COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT | https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00015-4 ater and energy cycles are intimately linked to global The characteristics of extreme precipitating storms in the tro- Wwarming through the water vapor feedback1. Speciﬁ- pics remain mostly qualitative, lacking in key aspects of the life cally, as temperature increases, the concentration of cycle of organized convection.
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Patagonia: Range Management at the End of the World Guillermo E
106 Rangelands 9(3), June 1987 Patagonia: Range Management at the End of the World Guillermo E. Debase and Ronald Robberecht Cold, disagreeablewinters, arid steppeswith fierce winds 23 at all seasons—mixedwith a bit of mystery, romance, and adventure—is the image that arises in the minds of people when the word "Patagonia" is brought up. While many sim- ilarities inclimate and vegetation exist betweenthe semiarid lands ofPatagonia and those ofthe western United States,as well as similaritiesIn the early settlement of these regions, \ several key differences have ledto contrasting philosophies inthe managementof theirrespective rangelands.In Argen- tine Patagonia, livestock breeding forhigh quality meat and wool to satisfy the demanding markets of Europe was fore- most, and care forthe land was In contrast, man- secondary. Vi.dmO agement of western United States rangelands hastended to emphasize appreciation of both livestock and vegetation. PuiftO Modryn Thecultural and ethnicbackgrounds ofthe early settlers and ma a the concentration of wealth, educational institutions, and Comodoro R,vodovia — Ir evil In — political power In the Argentine capital, Buenos Aires, have played a major role in the development of Patagonia. This article examines some of the historical and culturalfactors wJ? .- .— that have led to the development of these two divergent land-use and their effect on manage- philosophies range U sa oh Is t____..___ ment practices in the United States and Patagonia. 55• The Land Argentina, like the United States, lies almost entirely in the tem- The Patagonianregion of the Argentine Republic extends perate zone ofthe westernhemisphere. Patagonia (hatched area) is from the Colorado River in central to the a semiarid shrubsteppe region, of which nearly 90%is rangeland.
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Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 4
Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 4 Lecture 4 The Köppen Classification of Climates The climatic classifications of the greatest agricultural value are those based on the interactions of temperature and precipitation. The most widely known and used system was devised by the Austrian geographer Wladimir Köppen. It is based on temperature, precipitation, seasonal characteristics, and the fact that natural vegetation is the best available expression of the climate of a region. A distinctive feature of the Köppen system is its use of symbolic terms to designate climatic types. The various climates are described by a code consisting of letters, each of which has a precise meaning. Köppen identified five basic climates: A = Tropical rainy B = Dry C = Humid, mild-winter temperate D = Humid, severe-winter temperate E = Polar Each basic climate is subdivided to describe different subclimates, denoted by a combination of capital and small letters. The capital letters S (steppe) and W (desert) subdivide the B, or dry, climates. Similarly T (tundra) and F (icecap) subdivide the E, or polar, climates. Small letters further differentiate climates. 1 Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 4 Critics have expressed the opinion that the Köppen classification is based on too few kinds of data, and that boundaries between the various climatic regions are too arbitrary. But in spite of these objections this system has gained widespread recognition and use. Its simplicity and general adherence to vegetational zones has made it the basis for many revisions and other classifications.
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April 2021 Serving the Mountain Empire Communities of Canelo, Elgin, Patagonia and Sonoita Vol
PATAGONIA REGIONAL TIMES APRIL 2021 SERVING THE MOUNTAIN EMPIRE COMMUNITIES OF CANELO, ELGIN, PATAGONIA AND SONOITA VOL. 11 ISSUE 4 housed a number of them, but Increase in these were overflow primarily from the Three Points Station, Town Marshall Resigns he explained. Border Activity Another difference between those years and this year is that Discussed the Border Patrol no longer By Marion Vendituoli houses migrants in detention centers for more than 72 hours. It is now a Approximately 150 people attend- violation of the law, he said, and it is ed a community meeting, held at the not the mission of the Border Patrol Canelo Cowboy Church on March 11. to be a detention facility. According The meeting was a response to con- to a statement provided to the PRT by cerns raised by reports that the Border Robert Bushell, Tucson sector Special Patrol Station was releasing undocu- Operations Supervisor, “CBP has seen mented migrants in Sonoita. a steady increase in border encounters Community Liaison Officer Justin since April 2020, which, aggravated Bartine, from the Sonoita Border Patrol by COVID-19 restrictions and social Station, opened his remarks by saying distancing guidelines, has caused some he was unable to “put out an official facilities to reach maximum safe hold- statement.” He did say that they were ing capacity. Per longstanding practice, expecting to see a “big increase” in when long-term holding solutions asylum seeking immigrants along the aren’t possible, some migrants will Photo by Robert Gay southern border of the U.S. Marshall Joe Patterson informs the Patagonia Town Council Meeting that he be processed for removal, provided a plans to resign effective August 1, 2021 He did not anticipate a large Notice to Appear, and released into number of asylum seekers to come the U.S.
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Evaluation of Precipitation Climatology Derived from TRMM Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) Monthly Product Over Land with Two Gauged-Based Products
Climate 2015, 3, 964-982; doi:10.3390/cli3040964 OPEN ACCESS climate ISSN 2225-1154 www.mdpi.com/journal/climate Article Evaluation of Precipitation Climatology Derived from TRMM Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) Monthly Product over Land with Two Gauged-Based Products Zhong Liu Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems (CSISS), George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-301-614-5764. Academic Editor: Menglin Susan Jin Received: 3 April 2015 / Accepted: 27 October 2015 / Published: 18 November 2015 Abstract: The NASA/JAXA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) has been in operation for over 17 years since 1997. The length of TRMM is far shorter than those from ground observations, raising a question as to whether TRMM derived climatology products are good enough for research and applications. In this study, three climatologies derived from a blended product (the TRMM Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) monthly product or 3B43) and gauge-based ground observations (Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) and Willmott and Matsuura (WM)) are compared over land on a global scale (50° N–50° S) to assess the performance and weaknesses of the TMPA-derived climatology. Results show that the 3B43 climatology matches well with the two gauge-based climatologies in all seasons in terms of spatial distribution, zonal means as well as seasonal variations. However, large variations are found in light rain (<0.5 mm/day) regions such as the Sahara Desert. At high rain rates, large negative biases (3B43 < WM < GPCC) are found in orographically influenced regions such as windward sides of monsoon mountains in JJA, which is associated with underestimation of shallow orographic rain rates in microwave radiometer algorithms and sparse gauge data for bias correction.
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Luxury Chile and Argentina: Simply Patagonia
13 days 10:59 01-09-2021 We are the UK’s No.1 specialist in travel to Latin As our name suggests, we are single-minded America and have been creating award-winning about Latin America. This is what sets us apart holidays to every corner of the region for over four from other travel companies – and what allows us decades; we pride ourselves on being the most to offer you not just a holiday but the opportunity to knowledgeable people there are when it comes to experience something extraordinary on inspiring travel to Central and South America and journeys throughout Mexico, Central and South passionate about it too. America. A passion for the region runs Fully bonded and licensed Our insider knowledge helps through all we do you go beyond the guidebooks ATOL-protected All our Consultants have lived or We hand-pick hotels with travelled extensively in Latin On your side when it matters character and the most America rewarding excursions Book with confidence, knowing Up-to-the-minute knowledge every penny is secure Let us show you the Latin underpinned by 40 years' America we know and love experience 10:59 01-09-2021 10:59 01-09-2021 Recent years have seen the creation of luxury accommodation right in the heart of Patagonia's savagely glaciated countryside. You stay at three of these properties in Torres del Paine National Park, the Los Glaciares National Park and the volcano–dotted Patagonian lake district. The holiday plunges into the Patagonia of Chile and Argentina, an area of outstanding natural beauty which still has a remote wilderness feel.
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Methods of Avocado Growing in the Tropics Applicable to California
California Avocado Association. Annual Report. 1916. 2: 95-98 METHODS OF AVOCADO GROWING IN THE TROPICS APPLICABLE TO CALIFORNIA E. E. Knight Yorba Linda, California Methods employed in one country are not always applicable in another, still they offer many suggestions worthy of trial. Having passed practically all my life in the tropics I am more familiar with those countries than with California. In my own planting of the avocado I am trying to reproduce as nearly as possible, the same conditions under which the best fruit is grown there, in the former place. I know that some of my methods of growing avocados are not yet accepted by most growers; but we must each work along the lines that we believe best, and ultimately out of all of our experience develop that which gives the best results. Avocados grow over a far greater range of climate than most avocado growers imagine; but like many other kinds of fruit, those with the best flavor are always found in a cool climate. In the extremely cold climates where the avocado grows, Nature has covered the fruit with a thick and unyielding shell to protect it from the cold. This makes it impossible to tell when such a fruit is ripe; therefore it is useless as a commercial proposition. But as the elevation drops and the climate becomes warmer, the shell becomes less rigid and there are found the best of the hard-shelled varieties which give promise of being of great importance to the avocado industry in California. I have never known a first class avocado to be produced in a hot, damp climate.
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