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Pdf 946.94 K رﺳﺘﻨﻴﻬﺎ Rostaniha 11(1): 1-16 (2010) (1389 ) 1 -16 :( 1)11 ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺴﺘﻴﻜﻲ و ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﮔﺎه زﻳﺴﺘﻜﺮه ارﺳﺒﺎران، ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب اﻳﺮان Floristic analysis and a preliminary vegetation description of Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve, NW Iran درﻳﺎﻓﺖ : 21/5/1388 / ﭘﺬﻳﺮش : Received: 12.08.2009 / Accepted: 17.02.2010 1388/11/28 ﺑﻬﻨﺎم ﺣﻤـﺰ ة: ﻣﺮﺑـﻲ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺨـﺶ ﮔﻴـﺎ ه ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﻲ، ﻣﺆﺳـﺴﻪ ,B. Hamzeh’ee : Researcher, Department of Botany Research Institute of Forest & Rangelands, Tehran, Iran ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﻛﺸﻮر، ﺗﻬﺮان (E-mail: [email protected]) (E-mail: [email protected]) S.R. Safavi: Researcher, Department of Botany, Research ﺳﻴﺪ رﺿﺎ ﺻـﻔﻮي : ﻣﺮﺑـﻲ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺨـﺶ ﮔﻴـﺎ ه ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﻲ، ﻣﺆﺳـﺴﻪ Institute of Forest & Rangelands, Tehran, Iran ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﻛﺸﻮر، ﺗﻬﺮان Y. Asri: Assistant Prof., Department of Botany, Research ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﻋـﺼﺮي : اﺳـﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺨـﺶ ﮔﻴـﺎ ه ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﻲ، ﻣﺆﺳـﺴﻪ Institute of Forest & Rangelands, Tehran, Iran ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎ و ﻣ ﺮاﺗﻊ ﻛﺸﻮر، ﺗﻬﺮان A. Jalili: Prof., Department of Botany, Research Institute of Forest & Rangelands, Tehran, Iran ﻋﺎدل ﺟﻠﻴﻠﻲ : اﺳﺘﺎد ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺨﺶ ﮔﻴﺎ ه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎت ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﻛﺸﻮر، ﺗﻬﺮان Abstract Arasbaran protected area is located in NW Iran, is ﭼﻜﻴﺪه one of nine designated Biosphere Reserves in Iran. ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه ارﺳﺒﺎران در ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب اﻳﺮان، According to the literatures and the current study, 1067 plant ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ 80654 ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻧﻪ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﮔﺎه زﻳﺴﺘﻜﺮه اﻳﺮان taxa are identified in the area. Eighteen plant taxa of the area ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد . ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد و ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎ ﺿﺮ، 1067 are endemic to Iran. Hemicryptophytes (42.5 %) are the آراﻳﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ در اﻳﻦ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﮔﺎه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از ﻣﻴﺎن most frequent life forms in the reserve followed by آ ن ﻫﺎ 18 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺤﺼﺎري اﻳﺮان ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . از ﺣﻴﺚ ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ، therophytes (25.8 %), cryptophytes (18.8 %), phanerophytes ﻫﻤﻲ ﻛﺮﭘﭙﺘﻮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎ (5/ 42 %) ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ را در ذﺧﻴﺮه ﮔﺎه دارﻧﺪ و and chamaephytes (4.8 %). Remarkable number of (% 8.1) ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺮوﻓﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ /8( 25) ، ﻛﺮﻳﭙﺘﻮﻓﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ /8( 18 %) ، ﻓﺎﻧﺮوﻓﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ Irano-Turanian and Euro-Sibirian species characterizes the 8/1( %) و ﻛﺎﻣﻮ ﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎ (8/4 %) در رده ﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ . ﺣﻀﻮر phytogeography of the area. Due to transitional climate of ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ - ﺗﻮراﻧﻲ و اروﭘﺎ - ﺳﻴﺒﺮي از وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺑﺎرز .this area, two or pluriregional elements are frequent ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ . ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ وﻳﮋه و وﺿﻌﻴﺖ آب Threatened categories for plant species were based on their و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ دو ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ اي و ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ اي در اﻳﻦ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﮔﺎه frequencies from 284 phytosociological releve's collected in ﻓﺮاوان ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ . ﻣﻴﺰان در ﻣ ﺨﺎﻃﺮه ﺑﻮدن ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ the area. A preliminary ordination analysis (AFC) on total ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ آن ﻫﺎ در 284 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪه releve's data indicates the separation of five main habitats or اﺳﺖ . ﺑﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ رﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ,vegetation formation in the area, i.e. lowland vegetation ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ، ﭘﻨﺞ زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻛﻼن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ( ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ primary woodlands, secondary woodlands, grassland mixed ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺴﺖ، درﺧﺖ زارﻫﺎي اوﻟﻴﻪ، درﺧﺖ زارﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧ ﻮي، ﻋﻠﻒ زارﻫﺎي .with dwarf shrubs and relatively pure grasslands آﻣﻴﺨﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ درﺧﺘﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﺗﺎه و ﻋﻠﻒ زارﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ) ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد. ,Keywords: Floristic study, vegetation, chorotype, life form Arasbaran, Azarbaijan, Iran واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺴﺘﻴﻚ، ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ، ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ، ﻛﻮروﺗﻴﭗ، ارﺳﺒﺎران، آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن، اﻳﺮان 2 2/ ﺣﻤﺰة و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران / ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺴﺘﻴﻜﻲ و ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ... / رﺳﺘﻨﻴﻬﺎ، ﺟﻠﺪ 11(1)، 1389 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺗﺎ 46 درﺟﻪ و 58 دﻗﻴﻘﻪ و دو ﻋﺮض ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ 38 درﺟـﻪ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﮔﺎ ه ﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻜﺮه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻮﻧﺴﻜﻮ ﺑـﺎ اﻳـﺪه اﻧـﺴﺎن و و 41 دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺗﺎ 39 درﺟﻪ و 07 دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻗـﺮار دار د . اﻳـﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ در زﻳﺴ ﺖﻛﺮه ﻣﻄـﺮح ﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ اﺳـﺘﺮاﺗﮋ ي آن ﺣﻔـﻆ ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ زﻳـﺴﺖ ﺷﻤﺎل اﺳﺘﺎن آ ذ رﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﺷـﺮﻗﻲ و در ﻣﺤـﺪوده ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﻛﻠﻴﺒـﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤـﺮاه ﻣـﺮدم اﺳـ ﺖ (Batisse 1982) . ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ ﺷـﺪه واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳ ﺖ . ﻣﺤﺪوده ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ از 250 ﺗـﺎ 2840 ﻣﺘـﺮ ارﺳﺒﺎران ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻧﻪ ذﺧﻴﺮ ه ﮔﺎه ﻣﻬﻢ زﻳﺴﺘﻜﺮه در اﻳـﺮان اﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﻄﺢ درﻳﺎﻫﺎي آزاد ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﺳﺖ (ﺷﻜﻞ 1 ). ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ارﺳﺒﺎران ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ اﻳﺮان ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣ ﻲ ﺷﻮد . اﻳﻦ در ﺳﺎل 1352 ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪ و در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻼﻗﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ در ﻳـﻚ ﻣﻜـﺎن ﺳﺎل 1355 ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ذﺧﻴﺮ ه ﮔﺎه زﻳﺴ ﺘﻜﺮه ارﺗﻘ ﺎء ﻳﺎﻓ ﺖ . ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﮔﻮﻧـﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﺻـﺮ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳـﺴﺘﻴﻜﻲ آن ﺷـﺪه اﺳـ ﺖ . اﻳﻨﻜــﻪ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧــﻪ اﻳــﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘــﻪ وﺟــﻮد ﻧــﺪارد، ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ رﺳﺘﻨ ﻲ ﻫـﺎي اﻳـﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ اوﻟـﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎر ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ آﻣﺎر و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎ ه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎور ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺑـﻮ ﻳ ﮋه ﻛﻠﻴﺒـﺮ اﺳﺪي (Assadi 1987, 1988) ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠـﺎم رﺳـﻴ ﺪ . ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت ﺑﻌـﺪي ﺑـــﺮاي ﻳـــﻚ دوره آﻣـــﺎري 30 ﺳـــﺎﻟﻪ اﺳـــﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـــﺪه اﺳـــﺖ ﮔﻴﺎ هﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ روي ﺟﻨ ﺲ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺳ ﺒﺐ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ (Sarhangzadeh & Makhdoum 2003) . ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ دﻣﺎي ﺳـﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﮔﻮﻧ ﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـ ﺖ . ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ در ﭘــﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗــﺮﻳﻦ ارﺗﻔــﺎع ( 250 ﻣﺘــﺮ ) 14 درﺟــﻪ ﺳﻠــﺴﻴ ﻮس و در ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ ذﺧﻴـﺮ هﮔـﺎه زﻳـﺴﺘﻜﺮه ﺑــﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ارﺗﻔــﺎع (ﺑــﺎﻻي 2840 ﻣﺘــ ﺮ 5) درﺟــﻪ ﻣــ ﻲﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ارﺳﺒﺎران ﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎي 1372 ﺗﺎ 1387 ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺨـﺶ ( Sarhangzadeh 1996 ). ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎرش ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ 316 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﮔﻴﺎ هﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺆ ﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﻨﮕ ﻞﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﻛـﺸﻮر ﺑـﻪ اﻧﺠـﺎم در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ و 686 ﻣﻴﻠ ﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ در ﺟﻨﮕـ ﻞ ﻫـﺎي ﭘـﺴﺖ ﻣﺘﻐﻴـﺮ رﺳﻴﺪه اﺳ ﺖ . ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ اﻳـﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﮔـﺴ ﺘ ﺮده، ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﻲ درﺑـﺎره اﺳﺖ . از ﻧﻈﺮ زﻣﻴ ﻦﺷﻨﺎﺳـﻲ ﻣﻨـﺸﺎء ﺻـﺨﺮ ه ﻫـﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط اﻧﺪازه و ﺷﻜﻞ داﻧ ﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري آ نﻫﺎ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ارﺳﺒﺎران ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺑـﻪ زﻣـﺎن ﻛﺮﺗﺎﺳــﻪ ﺑـﻮده و ﺧــﺎ كﻫـﺎ از ﺷﻴــﺴﺖ، ﺳـﻨ ﮓ آﻫــﻚ و رﺳﻴﺪ (Thompson et al. 2001) . ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺟﻠﻴﻠـﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜـﺎران ﻛﻨﮕﻠﻮﻣﺮا ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳ ﺖ . ﺧﺎك از ﻧﻮع ﻟﻮم ﺑﺎ pH ﺑﺎﻻ و ﻣﻴـﺰان ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺑﺬر ارﺳـﺒﺎران و اﻫﻤﻴـﺖ ﺣﻔـﺎﻇﺘﻲ آن ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨـﺪ ﻛﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳـﺘﺮس اﺳـ ﺖ . ﺧـﺎك در ارﺗﻔﺎﻋـﺎت ﺑـﺎﻻ رﺳـ ﻲ و (Jalili et al. 2003) . ﺗـﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎت ﻓﻠﻮرﻳـﺴﺘﻴﻚ و ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ آﻫﻜﻲ ﺗﺮ ﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ وﻟﻲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻣﺎﺳـ ﻪاي ﺑـﺎ pH ﭘـﺎﻳﻴ ﻦ ﺗـﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ در ﺑﺴﻴ ﺎري از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻳﺮان ﺑﻮﻳﮋه ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ اﺳﺖ (Sarhangzadeh 1996) . ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﻴﺪه اﺳ ﺖ . ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت اﻧﺠـﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ در ﺟﻤﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮق، ﺷﻤﺎل و ﻏﺮب اﻳﺮان در ذﺧﻴﺮ هﮔﺎه زﻳـﺴﺘﻜﺮه و ﭘـﺎرك آﻧـﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳــﺴﺘﻴﻚ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺑﺮاﺳــﺎس ﺟﻤـ ﻊ آوري ﮔﻴــﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻠـﻲ ﮔﻠـﺴﺘﺎ ن (Akhani 1998, 2005)، ذﺧﻴـﺮ هﮔـﺎه زﻳـﺴﺘﻜﺮه و ﻣﻮﻟﻔﺎن در ﻓﻮاﺻـﻞ زﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ در ﺳـﺎﻟﻬﺎي 1372 ﺗـﺎ 1387 ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﻲ اروﻣﻴـﻪ (Asri & Ghorbanli 1997)، ﭘﻨﺎﻫﮕـﺎه ﺣﻴـ ﺎ ت ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺴﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﭼﺎپ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﺳـﺪي ( 1987 وﺣﺶ و ذﺧﻴﺮه ﮔﺎه زﻳﺴﺘﻜﺮه ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻜﺎﻟﻪ (Asri et al. 2007) ، ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و 1988 ) ﻣ ﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫـﺎن ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺟﻬﺎن ﻧﻤﺎ (Jafari & Akhani 2008) ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ ﻫــﺎي ﻣﻮﺟــﻮد در 284 ﻗﻄﻌــﺎت ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌــ ﻪ ﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻛﻠﻴـﺪي اﺳـ ﺖ : (Braun-Blanquet 1932) و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺧـﺎرج از ﻗﻄﻌـﺎت -1 ار اﻳﻪ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪي از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﮔـﺰارش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳ ﺖ . ﮔﻮﻧ ﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ اوﻟـﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎر ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳ ﺖ، 2- ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑـﺮ اي ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫـﺎﻧﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﺎن ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺟﻤـ ﻊآوري ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ ﻫﻤـﺮاه ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻜـﺎن دﻗﻴـﻖ، ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ارﺳـﺒﺎران ﺟﻤـ ﻊآوري ﺷـﺪه اﺳـ ﺖ، ﺑـ ﻪ ﻋـﻼوه وﻳ ﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ آ نﻫﺎ در ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ 1 آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ . اﻃﻼﻋــﺎت ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠــﻲ در ارﺗﺒــﺎط ﺑــﺎ اﺷــﻜﺎل زﻳــﺴﺘﻲ و ﭘــﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﻳﻮم ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﻨﮕ ﻞﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗـﻊ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ آ نﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃ ﻖ و 3- ﺗﻘـﺴﻴ ﻢﺑﻨـﺪي ﻛﺸﻮر (TARI) ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻣ ﻲﺷـ ﻮد. ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـ ﻪﻫـﺎ ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس روﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻼن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣﻘـﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت ﻓﻠـــﻮرا اﻳﺮاﻧﻴﻜـــﺎ (Rechinger 1963-2005)، ﻓﻠـــﻮر ﺗﺮﻛﻴـــ ﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ . (Davis 1965-1988) ، ﮔــﺮاسﻫــﺎي اﺗﺤــﺎد ﺟﻤــﺎﻫﻴﺮ ﺷــﻮروي (Tzvelev 1976)، ﻓﻠــﻮر اﻳــﺮان (Assadi et al. 1988-2008) و روش ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺳﺪي (Assadi 1996) ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ . اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ و ﺟﺪاﻛ ﺮدن ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ (اروﭘـ ﺎ - ﺳـﻴﺒﺮي (ES) ، ذﺧﻴﺮه ﮔﺎه زﻳﺴﺘﻜﺮه ارﺳﺒﺎران ﺑﺎ ﻣـﺴﺎﺣﺖ 80654 ﻫﻜﺘـﺎر اﻳﺮاﻧــﻮ - ﺗــﻮراﻧﻲ(IT)، ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧــﻪ اي (M) و ﺻــﺤﺎرا - ﺳــﻨﺪي (SS) در ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب اﻳﺮان و ﺑﻴﻦ دو ﻃﻮل ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴـﺎﻳﻲ 46 درﺟـﻪ و 42 ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻮﻳﮋه دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي زﻫـﺮ ي ﺣﻤﺰة و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران / ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠ ﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺴﺘﻴﻜﻲ و ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ... / رﺳﺘﻨﻴﻬﺎ، ﺟﻠﺪ )1(11 ، 1389 3 3/ 3/ ﺷﻜﻞ 1 - ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ذ ﺧﻴﺮه ﮔﺎه زﻳﺴﺘﻜﺮه ارﺳﺒﺎران، ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب اﻳﺮان . Fig. 1. Map of Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve, NW Iran. 4 4/ ﺣﻤﺰة و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران / ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺴﺘﻴﻜﻲ و ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ... / رﺳ ﺘﻨﻴﻬﺎ، ﺟﻠﺪ 11(1)، 1389 (Zohary 1963, 1973) ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ . ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪي اﺷـﻜﺎل زﻳـﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﻌﺪي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ وﺟـﻮد 274 آراﻳـﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ راﻧﻜﻴـ ﻪ (Raunkiaer 1934) ﻣـ ﻲﺑﺎﺷـ ﺪ . ﻣﻴـﺰا ن ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ را در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد (ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ 1 و2) ﻛـﻪ از ﻣﻴـﺎن در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه ﺑﻮدن ﮔﻮﻧـ ﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺮ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت 673 آراﻳـﻪ آ ن ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭼﻬﺎر ﮔﻮﻧﻪ و دو وارﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﺮاي اوﻟـﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎر از اﻳـﺮان رﻛـﻮرد ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در داﺧﻞ 284 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌ ﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺷــﺪهاﻧــﺪ (,Hamzeh’ee 2000, Hamzeh'ee & Jalili 2002 ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ رﺳﻴﺪ ه اﻧﺪ . ﮔﻮﻧ ﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت در ﻣﻌـﺮض ﺧﻄـﺮ Hamzeh’ee & Naqinezhad 2009) . در ﻣﺠﻤـﻮ ع، 1067 آراﻳـﻪ (endangered)، آﺳﻴ ﺐﭘـﺬﻳﺮ (vulnerable)، ﻧـﺎدر (rare) و ﺑـﺪون ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ از ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻳﻲ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـ ﺖ . ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻧـ ﻪﻫـﺎي ﺧﻄــﺮ (not endangered) دﺳــﺘﻪﺑﻨــﺪي ﺷــﺪهاﻧــﺪ . اﺳــﺎس اﻳــﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨـﻮ ن، در 451 ﺟـﻨﺲ و 89 ﺗﻴـﺮ ه ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ ﻗـﺮار رد ه ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻴـﺰان ﻓﺮاواﻧـﻲ آن در ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎت ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﻣـ ﻲﺑﺎﺷـ ﺪ .
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