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Home , Breaking Dawn, Eclipse (Meyer novel), Edward Cullen, Twilight (Meyer novel), Twilight (novel series)

ECRANISATION OF PLOT IN THE AND FILM OF BY STEPHANIE MEYER

Yuni Triswela Gunadarma University jl. Margonda Raya 100 Depok, 16424 [email protected]

ABSTRACT Movie and novel are different kinds of media. In the world of media communication transformation, there is a term which called as Ecranisation. Ecranisation is a transformation from literature to movie. Ecranisation product is not always identical to its original source, which is novel. Ecranisation product also lack in the details department, such as the character and the plot which are not always exist in the movie. The aim of this research is find out what are the plot differences in the Breaking Dawn Novel and Breaking Dawn Movie Part I based on Eneste theory. This study used qualitative descriptive method in analyzing the data. After analyzing the data which used as the source, the writer found that the results of the research show Ecranisation product Breaking Movie Part I undergo 3 plot changes according to Eneste theory, there are addiction, reduction, and variation. The products then divided into 3 different phase, which are orientation, complication, and resolution, except on the conclusion phase, there is no reduction. Keywords: Breaking Dawn Novel, Breaking Dawn Movie Part I, Ecranisation

Ecranisation product is not always 1. INTRODUCTION the same with what we read on novel, it 1.1 Background of the Study not details and some characters and plot Movie and novel are different media. that in novel does not appear in the Novel lover is a reader and movie lover movie. Ecranisation process demand is a viewer. Novel and movie media use uniformity on narrative and cinematic is also different. Writing media of aspect on movie. So that is why the novel is pen and paper whereas movie use amount of character is less that in camera and background. In the world of novel itself. Some director tries to a media communication transformation make a movie as detail as in novel. For familiar with ecranisation and example, R.W Fassbinder, he make a movie deecranisation terminology. Both of that have a very long duration, fifteen terminologies are a terminology to call hours and twenty one minutes that have a a transformation from literature to title Berlin Alexanderplatz. The movie movie or vice versa. Origin of those is an adaptation in mutual with details terminologies is from French, `ecran from the entire paragraph. which is mean screen. Transformation These days, there so much product from literature to movie called of ecranisation on the entertainment ecranisation on the other hand market, from a classic novel that deecranisation is a transformation from transform to movie, for example Romeo movie to literature. (Eneste, 1991:60) and Juliet by Shakespeare that have some version and by Jane

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Austen. Until pop literature for example research. So the Writer and reader know and it series by Stephanie about ecranisation. Meyer that all transform to movie, Twilight at 2008, at 2009, 1.2 Previous Research at 2010 and Breaking Dawn part 1 and 2 at 2011 and 2012. 1.2.1 Rikha Rosalina (2012) On her research she found that the main Breaking Dawn movie is an character, Kruimeltje has a same ecranisation product with same title as character if we compare it between Novel on the novel that is the last part of and Movie. The difference is about Twilight series. On the movie, Breaking supporting detail that on the novel, Dawn was separated in two parts, the Most of them cannot find in the Movie. first part is launch on November 2011 In the Movie the director is only focus and the second part is on December 2012. to Main Character so that supporting Starring with a lead actor and actress, character that help the main character as Isabella Swan and cannot be seen clearly. as and another supporting star in the movie. 1.2.1 Muhamad Bintang Yanita The movie is well known on the entertainment world because became a box Putra (2014) office for 4 weeks. On His research he found out that comparison between novel and Movie Breaking Dawn novel tell the story Negeri 5 menara that are in the Novel about the marriage life between Isabella Negeri 5 Menara has 46 sequences while Mary Swan, the human and Edward Anthony in the movie has 15 sequences. Values in Cullen, the . On the beginning of Negeri 5 Menara by A. Fuadi are (1) their marriage life, they have a Custom Values (2) Moral Values (3) beautiful Marriage life. They even go on Social Values. Moral Values dominating the Honeymoon on Esme Island, the Island the entire novel and Movie. The essence that owned by Edward’s Mother, Esme of moral values given a massage that Cullen. But the conflict started when there is nothing accidental in this Bella know that she is pregnant. Edward world, all that happen in this world are that believe that the fetus in Bella’s by God Permission and human effort womb will be dangerous for Bella, try to itself. abort the pregnancy cooperate with his father Carlisle. But Bella want to make 1.3 Position of the Research her child life. She will give anything According to the previous research, the even her life to protect her baby, with position of this study develops the Rosalie, Edward’s sister she fight research. This study is somewhat related against anybody who try to convince to ArisDarmapati’s study. Compared to Bella to abort her baby. until finally ArisDarmapati’s study, which discussed Edward and his family except Rosalie English-Indonesian translation shifts give up and protect Bella too because found in novel “Inheritance”, this study they know that Bella and Rosalie have a discussed about translation shifts of steadfast character that will not give English participial adjectives found in up more else, the werewolves try to novel “The Twilight Saga: New Moon”. abort Bella’s pregnancy too because they believe that once her baby born, it will 1.4 Problem of the Research be a danger to human considering it The problem formulations of this father that a vampire. Another conflict research is: come when Volturee family, the judge on Vampire worlds, know that an immortal What are the reduction, addition and child is a member of Cullen family. variation of plot in the novel Breaking Dawn and Breaking Dawn movie part I? From the short explanation above about Breaking Dawn novel, writer found thatplot between Novel and movie 1.5 Objective of the Study Breaking dawn by Stephanie Meyer has a From the problem formulation that the difference, because of that, Braking writer has written, thus the objective Dawn novel and movie are interesting to of the research is to find what are the

Jurnal Ilmiah Sastra Volume 4. No. 1, Juni 2016 61 reduction, addition and variation of 2.3 Movie plot in the novel Breaking Dawn Novel Movie is a series of moving pictures and Breaking Dawn movie Part I. recorded with sound that tells a story, shown at the cinema/movie theater (taken 2. LITERATURE REVIEW from Oxford Learner Dictionary) 2.1 Definition of Novel 2.4 Ecranisation Novel is book- length story in prose, Ecranisation is a transformation from whose author tries to create the sense literature to movie. Origin of those that while we read, we experience actual terminologies is from French, `ecran life. Novel is relatively newcomer which is mean screen. The transfer of besides drama, lyrics, ballad and epic. novel into a white screen inevitably But English novel come to maturity in lead to the change emegence of a variety literate times, in eighteen century, and changes. Therefore it can be said, by its nature was something different: a ecranisation often occurs Reduction, story to be communicated silently, at additions and Variation (Eneste, 1991: whatever moment and at whatever pace 60). Eneste (1991: 61-66) explain that (whether quickly or slowly and changes that occurs in ecranisation such meditatively) the reader desired. as:

2.2 Plot 2.4.1 Reduction Plot is a term sometimes taken to mean One of the steps taken in the process of whatever happens in a story, but more transforming literature into movie is a exactly referring to the unique reduction or downsizing. Reduction of arrangement of events that the author the cutting element of the story is a has made.There are three stages of plot literary work in the transformation namely; process. (Eneste:1991:61). 1. Orientation 2.4.2 Addition The readers or viewers are The addition is a change in the process introduced to the main of transformation of literature into characters and possibly some movie form. As well as a reduction, in minor characters. Some this process can also occur in the realm indications are generally given of story, plot, characterization, of where the action is located setting, atmosphere. Addition were made and when it is taking place. in the process of ecranisation certainly 2. Complication has a reason. Eneste states that director has a particular reason for Complication is pushed along by doing the addition in the movie because a serious of events, some sort of the addition was important from the of complication or problem to point of movie. Eneste (1991: 64). arise. This complication will involve the main characters and 2.4.3 Variation often serves toward them from Variation is the third thing that allows reaching their goal. accured in the process of transformation Complication also include about from literary works to movie. According how the character reacts toward to Eneste (1991: 65), Ecranisation- the problem. variation allow certain variation between the novel and the movie. 3. Resolution Variation here could occur in the realm In this part, the implication of story ideas, style of story telling, may be resolved for better or and so on. worse and how the story end. 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (https://projectnarrative.osu.edu/about/ 3.1 Research Design what-is-narrative-theory) In this under graduate thesis, the writer uses a qualitative Descriptive study. The writer explores plot in the novel and movie Breaking Dawn. The

62 Triswella, Ecranization of... source of data that the writer used in Bella. The event was quite luxurious and this thesis is the novel and movie festive was attended by all the people itself treated as main source, which who loved Bella, both of Bella parents means that the writer used the statement plus Phil, Renne new husband, Cullen and events in the novel, which the family, also friends from Quileutes writer used, includes dictionary, books, tribe, and Denali clan, high school and internet services in order to get friends of her like Angela Weber, the theories that are used in this Jessica Stanley, Mike Newton, all seemed thesis. happy to Edward and Bella. But happiness According to David Wilkinson Bella feels less than perfect because he (2000:7), qualitative is the data that does not see the presence of Jacob, the is pretended in the form of quotations person beside her when she was reluctant or descriptions, though some basic to go through life after the Edward statistic may also present. Qualitative Leave her before. True friend. Actually, research is used to examine people's she does not expect Jacob presence, life, history, organization, functional because she did not want to see the social movements or kinship relation wounds that she had scratched in the (Staruss and Corbin, 1997:1) Jacob’s heart increasingly getting worse. But it feels a little awkward to 3.2 Source of Data enjoy happiness without someone who has The writer took data for this research sacrificed his own happiness. is novel Breaking Dawn by Stephanie In the middle of the party Edward Meyer that publish in United States at gives Bella a surprise. A wedding gift August, 2 2008 while in England and is very desirable Bella. Jacob's Australia are 2 days later at 4 August presence. Jacob waited for Bella, her 2008. face lit up, he loves Bella and he would Breaking dawn movie part I happily give up Bella with Edward. Bella directed by Bill Condon. The movie was cried in Jacob’s arms, begging released on November 18 2011 starring forgiveness for having hurt Jacob, but Kristen Stewart as Issabella Swan, she must be honest, to Jacob, that the Robert Pattinson as Edward Cullen and one she loved is just Edward. Jacob as . understood and he promised he would be a friend of Bella forever. A little 4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION confrontation happen when Bella has slip of the tongue, she tell Jacob that she 4.1 Synopsis of Breaking Dawn will do a Honeymoon as a human that Novel means impossible. But after all of that After Bella managed to confirm a choice the plan of their honeymoon went between Edward and Jacob, Bella finally perfect. approved the Edward provisions, if she They spend their honeymoon on a wanted to become immortal beings such as private island that Carlisle bought and Edward and the Cullen family, She have gave to Esme, Isle Esme, off the coast to agree with the term, married to of Brazil. There, Bella and Edward spend Edward. Only a few months after the time alone, surfing, snorkeling, sailing graduation ceremony, Edward and Bella and various other romantic activities. get married. The whole pre-wedding Two weeks into their honeymoon, Bella preparation prepared and arranged by realizes that she is pregnant with a Alice, the whole family happy for Edward half-vampire, half-human child and that Cullen and Bella, Rosalie even once her condition is progressing at an hated Bella Bella now been able to unnaturally accelerated rate. After receive with open arms. contacting Carlisle, who confirms her Dresses and wedding decorations pregnancy, she and Edward immediately are prepared directly by Alice, the return home to Forks, , where result was amazing. Bella looks very the fetus continues to develop at an stunning in a white gown designs by a abnormal speed leading designer, not to mention all A month after the wedding, Bella those people was fascinated to see calls her dad, Charlie Swan, and says

Jurnal Ilmiah Sastra Volume 4. No. 1, Juni 2016 63 that she is sick and quarantined. tries to kill Renesmee. Instead, he Charlie relays this to Billy Black, "imprints" (an involuntary response in Jacob's dad, and Billy relays it to the which a shape-shifter or Werewolfs finds pack. Jacob thinks that Bella is his soul mate) on her. actually a vampire now and attempts to Bella's painful transformation is lead an assault on the Cullens for success, now she live as a newborn breaking the treaty. Sam, the alpha of vampire and enjoying her new life and the pack, forbids an assault on the abilities. However, the vampire Irina Cullens without seeing Bella's from Denali clan misidentifies Renesmee immortality for himself. Jacob heads off as an "immortal child", a child who has on his own to avenge Bella. When he been turned into a vampire. Because arrives, he discovers that Bella was "immortal children" are uncontrollable, sick, but it was from her pregnancy, not creating them has been outlawed by the a disease. Jacob begs Bella to abort the Volturi. After Irina presents her fetus and save her life, but Bella is allegations to the Volturi, they plan to determined that she will live long destroy Renesmee and the Cullens. In an enough to have the baby and be attempt to survive, the Cullens gather transformed into a vampire. Jacob runs other vampire clans from around the off, and phases due to his anger. This world to stand as witnesses and prove to accidentally reveals Bella's condition the Volturi that Renesmee is not an to the pack, and due to the lack of immortal child. Edward telepathically knowledge on human-vampire babies, the connects with Jacob and his Quileute pack decides to kill the baby and Bella pack, with the full realization of immediately. Jacob objects, and when Sam Jacob's imprint with Renesmee forging a uses an alpha command to force Jacob new family connection of an unbreakable into submission, Jacob accepts his bond and mutual pact of protection bloodline as the true heir of the pack between the Cullens and the Quileute, and breaks free of Sam's control. He ending hatred between the races. then runs off to warn the Cullens of the pack's planned assault. However, while As local and foreign en route, Seth, one of the younger pack arrive, the Cullen house becomes the members, joins Jacob and makes note of headquarters and training ground for the the fact that neither of them can hear assorted vampires and the Quileute wolf the others; they have formed their own packs. Information pieced together from pack. They warn the Cullens and take up the many visitors reveals the Volturi's patrol around the Cullens' property. ulterior motives for power through the Leah, Seth's older sister, joins them acquisition of vampires with special shortly afterward. After a chance remark abilities, turning the gathered vampire by Jacob, they discover that the baby witnesses into self-aware rebels intent simply craves blood, and Bella has to on defending their freedoms. Faced with drink it out of a cup for the greatest the Volturi's ruthless killing of effectiveness. Bella gets better, but numerous vampires, many of the guest the fetus in Bella's body grows swiftly vampires reveal secret talents, which and the timing of birth is unknown due they know the Volturi will demand to to the lack of any related medical control through them, or seek to knowledge on human-vampire births. destroy, in fear of it being used Carlisle, the experienced doctor, is out against them. The transformation of each of the house to replenish blood supplies person from human to vampire alters from a hospital blood bank when Bella their characteristics, physically and falls, detaching the placenta and mentally, with traits in human form inducing labor. The baby breaks many of enhanced in vampire form and particular her bones, including her spine, and she skills heightened, sometimes into a loses massive amounts of blood. In order supernatural power. Since no two minds to save her life, Edward changes her think alike, although similar, no two into a vampire by injecting his venom powers are identical and some powers into her heart. Jacob, thinking that require time to develop or improve. The Bella is dead, and blaming Bella's majority of special abilities are mind daughter Renesmee as the cause, Jacob based, with exceptions occurring in powers that are physically related.

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At the Cullen home, various the Volturi leave, he also informs them abilities and strategies are worked on of his father's intent to create more individually and collectively, with hybrids to produce a "super race." While exceptional talents displayed by notable allowing them to deal with his father, vampires such as: Nahuel begs the Volturi to spare his The Cullen coven: Edward's sisters. telepathy, Alice's precognition, The Cullens and their allies Jasper's path kinesis, Bella's mental return to their homes in peace, shield, and Renesmee's tactile thought accepting that the Volturi may one day projection and mental shield return. When Edward and Bella are alone, penetration. she shows Edward a skill she has worked The Cullen Allies: Eleazar's on, enabling him to read her mind for ability identification, Kate's psychic the first time, and sharing her feelings electro kinesis, Maggie's lie detection, about him from her human and vampire Siobhan's outcome manipulation, memories Zafrina's mental visual projection, and Benjamin's earth elemental manipulation. 4.2 Orientation Phase Bella's human ability shielded her 4.2.1 Reduction from psychic powers, but as a vampire Num Novel Movie she learns she can project it to shield others in a wide radius, a secret weapon that neutralizes most of the Volturi's 1 Bella Does not Exist powers. Renesmee's hybrid human vampire worry gifts show that gifts can be hereditary, about passed down genetically from Edward and people Bella both. Upon confronting the that she gathered Cullen allies and witnesses, think the Volturi discover that they have been stare at misinformed on Renesmee's identity, and her, or execute Irina when she refuses to make a her claim against the wolves for killing ‘before’ Laurent, trying unsuccessfully to car, instigate a full battle. 2 Two men Does not Exist Additionally, Caius brings up the ask Bella Cullens' pact with the Quileute as about her allying with the vampires' sworn enemy, car. the Children of the Moon, but it turns out the Quileutes are "shape shifters" Analysis: that chose the form of giant wolves, and not Lycans. The Volturi remain undecided This data relates to orientation in on whether Renesmee should be viewed as which the data describe a strange moment a threat to vampires' secret existence. because of Bella’s car at gas station when two strangers that highly interest At that time, Alice and Jasper, with Bella’s car, that are not supposed who had left prior to the gathering of to be available in Europe yet, Mercedes the Cullen's allies, return with a Guardian, the ask for Bella’s permission Mapuche called Nahuel, a 150-year-old to take a pictures with her car while vampire-human hybrid like Renesmee, and they talk about the superiority of that his biological aunt, Huilen. Huilen car while Bella hiding inside the car. tells of how her sister fell in love (P.9) with a vampire and became pregnant with his child. She also shares that when 4.2.2 Addition Nahuel was born, he bit her and made her Num Novel Movie immortal. Nahuel demonstrates that the 1 Does The movie begin hybrids pose no threat, and the Volturi not with Bella giving agree to leave the Cullens alone. Before Exist a naration. She

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give a Quote from and Edward turn back to face the pastor, Edna St. Millay the pastor are Aro, Caius and Marcus, “Childhood is not and she glance at Edward that has a from birth to a blood stain at his mouth and Bella certain age and at realize that the aisle is cover by blood a certain age. The a place where Bella and Edward stand child is grown, are a stuck of Bella’s relatives body and puts away that attend the marriage. childish things. Childhood is the 4.3 Complication Phase kingdom where 4.3.1 Reduction nobody dies” and Num Novel Movie Jacob Black runway from his home 1 Edward make a Does not because he read deal with Jacob.Exis t Bella and Edward (P.114) wedding invitation card. (00:24) Analysis:

This data relates to complication in Analysis: which the data describes Edward that This data relates to orientation in ask Jacob to make Bella change her mind, which the data show Jacob that get out but when Jacob doubt that will work, from his house and slam the door while Edward say that if Bella really wants a his father, Billy try to stop him but he baby she can have a baby with Jacob, so is already turn his body in to a wolf. the risk is lower. And Edward says that if Bella died, if her heart stop 4.2.3 Variation beating, it is the day when Jacob can Num Novel Movie get his dream, to kill Edward. 4.3.2 Addition 1 Bella got a Bella got a Num Novel Movie nightmare nightmare about an about herself 1 Does Sam stated his immortal and Edward not position as chilld. that drink Exist Werewolves Alfa. (P:28) human blood. (45:28) Her relative

blood. (8:12) Analysis:

This data relates to complication in Analysis: which the data show Sam stated his This data relates to orientation in position as Werewolves Alfa. With which the data is told a night before prohibit Jacob to do his bidding, to marriage. Bella got a nightmare about kill Edward Cullen because The Cullens immortal child that sat in a hill with had violated the agreement. his fear face. Bella don’t know who he is but she really want to protect him 4.3.3 Variation from Volturi that want to burn thank Num Novel Movie immortal child because they are dangerous for vampire secrecy, Bella run toward him but when she come closer, the hill place the child sit down is a high stuck of a dead bodies, her relatives dead body. Yet in the movie there is variation of changes in which Bella walk on the aisle with a wedding dress and smile to her relatives as she walk pass them, she come toward Edward, when Bella

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1 Jacob Jacob angry with of Jacob 's crying as a sign that Bella tell Bella because he is dead. When they were shocked by what Bella to don’t understand just happened wolf come to spy on the come the point of this Cullen family and their home but no one back to triangle love if noticed. her Bella just die in sense the end. 4.4.3 Variation and (1:02:59) Num Novel Movie offer 1 Jacob come Jacob sat what down at stair crying Edward and see outside when said Rosalie hold an evil earlier, the baby in thought to have her arms, an crossed his a baby evil thought head. Lives with crossed paid by him. Jacob’s mind lives. So he (P.122) that life went back must be paid into the lives. Cullen’s Analysis: (P.235) family house This data relates to complication in and decided which the data show Jacob do the deal to attack with Edward before to tell Bella to come Rosalie who back to her sense and offer what Edward was sitting said earlier, to have a baby with him. on a couch Yet in the movie there is variation of while changes in which Jacob angry with Bella cradling the because he don’t understand the point of baby. this triangle love if Bella just die in (1:37:42) the end, Jacob ask Bella to live. Just live. Analysis: 4.4 Resolution Phase This data relates to complication in 4.4.1 Reduction which the data show if the Bella die Writer found out that there is no then the baby should also be dead. Jacob reduction in resolution part. Plot in decided to attack the baby, but when he resolution parts are same with the book see the baby's eyes, the bond that had or in other form of Eneste Theory. been there for Bella moves on to the baby, not only ties a rope but for 4.4.2 Addition thousands of steel ropes that bound him Num Novel Movie to the new universe, Renesmee. Yet in the movie there is variation of changes 1 Does not Jacob come in which Jacob sat crying outside when an evil thought crossed his head. Lives Exist outside from paid by lives. so he went back into the Cullen’s house Cullen’s family house and decided to and crying. (1:35:01) attack Rosalie who was sitting on a couch while cradling the baby but when he see the baby’s eyes he stand freeze, he felt a strong boundary to that baby, the imagine of him and teenage Renesmee Analysis: run happily in the shore. He destined to imprinted Renesmee, and found out that This data relates to complication in Renesmee now his life. which the data show Jacob come outside from Cullen’s house and crying, Leah and Seth see him and interpret the meaning

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5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH Fiction, Poetry,Drama, and Writing. New York:, NY: Pearson 5.1 Conclusion Longman. After analyzing all the data function as evidences that the writer has found in Breaking Dawn novel and Breaking Dawn Meyer, S. (2008), Twilight saga: movie Part I, the writer has drawn a Breaking Dawn. New York, NY: Litte conclusion Based on Eneste theory, Brown and Company Breaking Dawn Movie Part I has experiencing Reduction, addition and Strauss, A. and Corbin. J.M. (1998), Variation of plot in orientation, Basics of Qualitative Research: complication and resolution phase, Techniques and Procedures for except in conclusion phase there is no Developing Grounded Theory. New reduction in that phase. York, NY: Sage Publication

5.2 Future Research Wilkinson, D. (2000), The Researcher's Breaking Dawn novel by Stephanie Meyer Toolkit: The Complete Guide to is a popular novel in 2008 and In United Practitioner Research (Routledge States Breaking Dawn movie part 1 become Study Guides). London: box office for 3 months so it is mean Routledgefarmer that the both novel and it adaptation are interesting and popular based on http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-plot- reader and viewer aspects. It is a paranormal- that flows with examples-definition.html the romantic story of Bella as a human (Retrieved Tuesday, June 16, 2015) that changed to a vampire and Edward the vampire. There are a lot of aspects that http://www.bioskops.tv/the-twilight-saga- another researcher can be analyzing breaking-dawn-part-1-2011.html through this novel by Stephanie Meyer. (Retrieved Thursday, June 18, 2015) The writer suggest to other researches who wants to analyze to make sure the aspect that the researcher want to analyze have not taken by other https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Movie_Making_M researcher because this novel is a anual popular novel. It makes this novel known (Retrieved Sunday, June 20, 2015) and interested by so many people to analyze. The writer hopes this research will give knowledge for the readers and http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1673434/plotsumma give inspiration for the readers who are intended in writing research. ry (Retrieved Thursday, August 20, 2015) 6. REFERENCES

Eneste, P. (1991), Novel dan Film.Ende, https://projectnarrative.osu.edu/about/what-is- Flores, NTT: Nusa Indah. narrative-theory

Kennedy, X.J. and Gioia, D. (2007), (Retrieved Thursday, August 20, 2015) Literature: An Introduction to

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