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Environmental Monitoring, Conservation, and Management

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Environmental Monitoring, Conservation, and Management A N T A R C T I C S I T E I N V E N T O R Y : 1 9 9 4 — 2 0 0 5 Lessons for Environmental Monitoring, Conservation, and Management Ron Naveen Oceanites, Inc. The Antarctic Site Inventory project has collected baseline biological data and GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE site-specific descriptive information in the Antarctic Peninsula since November 1994. The Inventory divides the Antarctic Peninsula into six subareas: The goal is to build a comprehensive database to assist implementation of the 1991 Protocol On Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. Elephant Island and nearby islands (EI); This poster examines key results and findings from eleven seasons inventorying the South Orkney Islands, including Laurie, Coronation, and Signy Islands (SO); Antarctic Peninsula, and how these results and findings potentially assist environmental monitoring, conservation, and management efforts Northeast Antarctic Peninsula/northwestern Weddell Sea (NE), by Antarctic Treaty Parties. from Cape Dubouzet (63˚16’S 64˚00’W) to James Ross Island; South Shetland Islands, including Deception, Low, and Smith Islands (SH); PLAN OF WORK, LOGISTICS The Inventory initially investigated whether opportunistic, well-timed, census visits by Northwest Antarctic Peninsula (NW), trained researchers, utilizing expedition ships, are an effective means for characterizing sites from Cape Dubouzet (63˚16’S 64˚00’W) to the northern end of Lemaire Channel; and and collecting essential baseline biological data and descriptive information. Southwest Antarctic Peninsula (SW), In eleven seasons from November 1994 through February 2005, the Inventory has from the northern end of the Lemaire Channel to the demonstrated clearly the utility and cost-effectiveness of such visits. In this time frame, northern part of Marguerite Bay (68˚18’S 67˚11’W) Inventory researchers have made 639 visits to 93 Antarctic Peninsula locations. There have been repetitive visits to all sites that are most heavily visited by expedition tourists, and to all sites that exhibit the most species diversity and which are most prone to potential environmental disturbance from visitors. Southern giant petrels (Macronectes giganteus) satisfy IUCN critically endangered criteria, and their listing as a Specially Protected Species under the Antarctic Environmental Protocol In November 2003, with funding from the US National Science Foundation's Office of Polar will be considered at the 2006 Antarctic Treaty Consultative meeting. Programs, the Inventory added a second component — a five-year, long-term assessment Southern giant petrels breed at four South Shetland Islands visitor sites that are and monitoring study at Petermann Island (65°10’S, 64°10’), a heavily visited site exhibiting regularly censused by the Antarctic site Inventory — medium species diversity and a moderate sensitivity to potential disruptions from human visitors. Hannah Point, Aitcho Islands, Penguin Island, Turret Point METHODOLOGY The Inventory collects three categories of data and information: • Basic Site Information (descriptions of key physical and topographical characteristics) • Variable Site Information and Data, which includes weather and other environmental King George Is. conditions (sea ice extent, cloud cover, snow cover, temperature, wind direction Maxwell Bay TURRET POINT and speed) and biological variables (population size, breeding productivity) Marsh/Frei Stations FERRAZ STATION PENGUIN ISLAND Great Wall Station • Maps and Photodocumentation Bellingshausen Station Artigas Station King Sejong Station ARCTOWSKI STATION Nelson Is. With respect to key biological variables, data collection follows Standard Methods AITCHO ISLANDS Admiralty Bay JUBANY STATION established by the Scientific Committee of the Commission for the Conservation of SOUTH SHETLAND Robert Is. Potter Cove ELEPHANT IS. (EI) SUBAREA Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) for the MITCHELL COVE POINT LOOKOUT Greenwich Is. POINT WILD CCAMLR Ecosystem Monitoring Program (CEMP). ISLANDS (SH) ROBERT POINT SOUTH ORKNEY IS. (SO) SUBAREA AMPHIBOLITE PT. FORT POINT Livingston Is. GIBBON BAY SUBAREA HALF MOON IS. Critical data sets for penguins are: Standard Method A3A (v4) to YANKEE HARBOR ORCADAS STATION estimate breeding population size (number of occupied nests) and determine interannual trends in the size of breeding populations; Snow Is. HANNAH POINT and Standard Method A6 (v5), Procedure A to estimate breeding NORTHEAST (NE) success and to assess productivity by providing an index of relative Deception Is. PENDULUM COVE SUBAREA TELEFON BAY BAILY HEAD change in the number of chicks produced one year to the next. WHALER'S BAY VAPOUR COL Bransfield Strait D'Urville Is. Following these methods ensures the comparability of GOURDIN IS. Inventory data within the Antarctic research community, Joinville Is. ASTROLABE Cape and to assist determinations whether any detected changes B. O'HIGGINS Dubouzet MADDER CLIFFS ISLAND are site-specific aberrations or Peninsula-wide STATION Antarctic Cape Sound D'URVILLE HEROÍNA IS. Legoupil HOPE BAY MONUMENT TAY HEAD (perhaps, continent-wide) trends. Danger Islands BROWN Petrel Cove Dundee Is. Duse BLUFF JONASSEN EDEN ROCKS Tower Is. VIEW POINT Bay IS. Tabarin PAULET ISLAND JADE POINT Peninsula PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF DATA, INFORMATION BALD HEAD Andersson Is. Trinity Is. Bone Bay CRYSTAL HILL CAPE EAGLE Antarctic Site Inventory data and information are CAMP HILL BURD IS. NORTHWEST (NW) Fridtjof Cape DEVIL IS. published and made available in peer-reviewed Charcot Well-Met Sound SUBAREA Bay scientific papers and government reports, and Vega Is. reported annually at Antarctic Treaty Consultative Prince Gustav Channel Erebus & Terror Gulf MIKKLESEN FALSE ISLAND Meetings. HARBOR POINT Cierva Cove Trinity Peninsula Much of the Inventory database and compiled, RUM COVE Dallmann Bay Croker Passage site-descriptive information may be found in the Two HYDRURGA POINT OBELISK James Ross Seymour Hummock ROCKS Island Island Is. Compendium Of Antarctic Peninsula Visitor Sites Brabant PERSSON IS. MELCHIOR Is. MARAMBIO STATION ISLANDS LECOINTE IS. (2d edition, 2003, published by the PENGUIN POINT SPRIGHTLY US Environmental Protection Agency). ISLANDS SNOW HILL ISLAND Inventory researchers achieved the first site-wide Disseminating these data and information is intended GERLACHE STRAITPORTAL POINT The surveys at Heróina Island in Decmber 1996, Waifs Charlotte to assist Parties, expedition tour operators, and Anvers Is. Nansen Is. estimating 285,115 — 305,165 pairs of nesting Bay Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae), and visitors in minimizing and avoiding potential disruptions ORNE IS. GEORGES POINT GOUVERNØREN HARBOR discovering the easternmost breeding colony of Neumayer to Peninsula fauna and flora. Ronge Is. CUVERVILLE IS. (enterprise Is.) Jougla Point Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) Channel 70 FOYN Blue-eyed shag nests Arthur DANCO IS. 60 in the Antarctic Peninsula (215 pairs) Harbor DORIAN BAY HARBOR 1982-2004 (Palmer Station) Wiencke Is. 50 JOUGLA PT.Paradise NEKO HARBOR PY POINT Bay Andvord WATERBOATBay POINT 40 ALMIRANTE BROWN Peltier PRIEST 30 Channel STATION IS. 20 BOOTH IS. PLENEAU IS. 10 Lemaire PETERMANN ISLAND (65°10’S, 64°10’) Hovgaard Is. Channel 0 Long-term Monitoring Site Penola Strait 1982 8882 9488 98 94 2004 00 04 Antarctic Site Inventory VERNADSKY STATION Field Camp Established YALOUR ISLANDS Population trends November 2003 The Inventory identified a significant decline in populations of Argentine Islands blue-eyed shags (Phalacrocorax atriceps) throughout the Peninsula, irrespective of the amount of tourism at census sites. The declines may be indicative of some underlying environmental change affecting shag breeding success. Populations now appear to have stabilized or slightly increased, and the Inventory will continue to monitor these sites. Renaud Is. Grandidier Channel Long-term Monitoring Study at Petermann Island, 2003-08 Pendelton Strait Petermann Island Petermann Island Jean-Baptiste Charcot and the Second French Antarctic expedition were based at PROSPECT POINT Biscoe Islands Nov 1909 Dec 2004 - Jan 2005 Petermann Island from December 1908 to November 1909. During the winter, Charcot's FISH ISLANDS Charcot's Second SOUTHWEST (SW) Lavoisier Is. Antarctic Site vessel — Pourquoi Pas? — was tied safely into Circumcision Bay, and protected from Penola Expedition Inventory Strait ice by hawsers strung across the entrance to the bay. From Petermann, Charcot SUBAREA "Farside" explored more than 2,000 kilometers of previously unknown coastline. Adélie penguin — Adelie penguin colony Adélie penguin — 2,000 individuals 502 nests ( ~1,000 nests) 1909-10 Charcot's data, compared to those compiled by the Inventory, provide some indication Gentoo penguin — of changes over the last century. The Adélie penguin population has declined by 50%, while Gentoo penguin — 2,232 nests the Gentoo population has shown a 40-fold increase. Still undetermined is how these trends 112 individuals relate to climatological, oceanographic, physical, chemical or other biological variables. ( ~56 nests) Blue-eyed shag — Antarctic 24 nests Blue-eyed shag — Indeed, climate may be a critical factor. During Charcot's year at Petermann, Circle December1908 to November 1909, his team recorded a mean surface temperature of -3.0˚C. Matha Strait 1 Nest Dec 2003 For comparison, temperature data from nearby Vernadsky Station (formerly the UK Faraday 66˚ 30' S. Graham Land Station), located six miles south of Petermann Island, have been recorded continuously
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