International Military Tribunal Proceedings, 1945-1949

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

International Military Tribunal Proceedings, 1945-1949 http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf058000j2 No online items Inventory of the International Military Tribunal proceedings, 1945-1949 Processed by The Hoover Institution staff; machine-readable finding aid created by Xiuzhi Zhou Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: [email protected] © 2000 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Inventory of the International XX018 1 Military Tribunal proceedings, 1945-1949 Inventory of the International Military Tribunal proceedings, 1945-1949 Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California Contact Information Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: [email protected] Processed by: The Hoover Institution staff Encoded by: Xiuzhi Zhou © 2000 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: International Military Tribunal proceedings, Date (inclusive): 1945-1949 Collection number: XX018 Creator: International Military Tribunal Extent: 75 linear feet Repository: Hoover Institution Archives Stanford, California 94305-6010 Abstract: Testimony and evidence, relating to the trials of alleged German war criminals at Nuremberg. Physical Location: Hoover Institution Archives Language: English and German. Access Collection open for research. The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to copies of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], International Military Tribunal proceedings, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives. Access Points Nuremberg Trial of Major German War Criminals, 1945-1946. Nuremberg War Crime Trials, 1946-1949. War crime trials. World War, 1939-1945. World War, 1939-1945--Germany. Germany. Box 212. INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL Inventory of the International XX018 2 Military Tribunal proceedings, 1945-1949 Container List Document books and trial briefs of the major defendants Karl Donitz Box 213. Karl Donitz Hans Frank Box 214. Wilhelm Frick Hans Fritzsche Walter Funk Box 215. Hermann Goring Rudolf Hess Box 216. Alfred Jodl Ernst Kaltenbrunner Box 217. Ernst Kaltenbrunner Wilhelm Keitel Keitel-Jodl Box 218. Keitel-Jodl Constantin von Neurath Box 219. Constantin von Neurath Franz von Papen Erich Reader Box 220. Erich Reader Joachim von Ribbentrop Box 221. Joachim von Ribbentrop Box 222. Alfred Rosenberg Fritz Sauckel Box 223. Hjalmar Schacht Baldur von Schirach Box 224. Arthur Seyss-Inquart Albert Speer Box 225. Julius Streicher Box 226. Leadership Corps of the Nazi party - Document Book (DB) 1-2 Gestapo - DB 1-2 General Staff and High Command - DB 1-2 SA - DB 1-5 Box 227. SD SS -DB 1-3 Box 228. Count I DB A-D Box 229. DB E-J Box 230. Persecution of the Jews DB 1-4 Box 231. Trial Brief (further TB) Box 232. Count II - British DB 1, 2, 3, 5 Box 810-850. OFFICE OF U.S. CHIEF OF COUNSEL FOR WAR CRIMES. Evidence Division. Document Control Branch. Series of documents used by the U.S. Military Tribunals NO (Nuremberg Organizations). Documents pertaining to the activities of the Nazi party, such as the SS, SD and Gestapo. Numbers 1 to 5,935 Box 851-888. NO - English translation. Numbers 1 to 5,943 Box 952-954. OFFICE OF U.S. CHIEF OF COUNSEL FOR THE PROSECUTION OF AXIS CRIMINALITY. Series of documents used by the International Military Tribunal C (Crimes). Documents pertaining to the activities of the German High Command, particularly the Navy. Numbers 1 to 196 Box 955. C - English translation. Numbers 1 to 196 Box 956-957. D (Industry). Documents pertaining to the use of slave labor in German industry and in labor camps. Numbers 17 to 956 Box 958. D - English translation. Numbers 41 to 956 Inventory of the International XX018 3 Military Tribunal proceedings, 1945-1949 Container List Box 959-963. EC (Economic Case). Documents pertaining to the development of economic policies in Germany and exploitation of the economy of occupied territories. Numbers 3 to 618 Box 964-966. EC - English translation. Numbers 1 to 620 Box 967. ECH (Economic Case-Heidelberg). Same as EC, for documents collected and screened at the Heidelberg Document Center. Numbers 1 to 36 Box 968. ECR (Economic case-Reichskreditkassen). Documents pertaining to the occupation of France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Include exhibits on Seyss-Inquart. Numbers 14 to 195 Box 969-972. L (London). Documents screened in London pertaining to Nazi war plans, reports on the progress of the war, and affidavits of former camp prisoners. Numbers 3 to 358 Box 973-974. L - English translation. Numbers 1 to 361 Box 975. M (Melvin). Documents named after Melvin Jones, Assistant Prosecutor for the UK, consisting largely of excerpts from German newspapers, magazines, and other publications dealing with anti-Semitism. Numbers 6 to 177 Box 976-1042. PS (Paris-Storey). The collection of this series began in Paris under the direction of Col. Robert G. Storey, Chief of the Documentation Division of the IMT, and documents Hitler's rise to power and the development of nazi plans of aggression. Numbers 1 to 4,076 Box 1043-1068. PS - English translation. Numbers 1 to 4,080 Box 1069-1076. R (Rotschild). Documents screened by Lt. Rotschild, from the office of Strategic Services in London, pertaining mostly to the administration of occupied territories. Numbers 26 to 178 Box 1077-1078. R - English translation. Numbers 36 to 178 Box 1079. TC (Treaty Committee). Documents pertaining to the international treaties and agreements violated by the Nazi government. Numbers 2 to 93 Box 1080-1084. DOCUMENTS PRESENTED BY FRANCE (F and FR), the UNITED KINGDOM, and the USSR F. Numbers 83 to 989 Box 1085-1091. RF. Numbers 1 to 1,515 Box 1092. RF - English translation. Numbers 3 to 1,515 Box 1093. UK. Numbers 20, 56, 79 and 170 Box 1094-1096. USSR. Numbers 1 to 509 Box 1097. USSR - English translation. Numbers 1 to 522 Volume On shelf U.S. MILITARY TRIBUNALS-Case no. 7. Eighteen bound volumes MISCELLANY. Seven manuscript boxes Inventory of the International XX018 4 Military Tribunal proceedings, 1945-1949.
Recommended publications
  • D'antonio, Michael Senior Thesis.Pdf
    Before the Storm German Big Business and the Rise of the NSDAP by Michael D’Antonio A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Honors Degree in History with Distinction Spring 2016 © 2016 Michael D’Antonio All Rights Reserved Before the Storm German Big Business and the Rise of the NSDAP by Michael D’Antonio Approved: ____________________________________________________________ Dr. James Brophy Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved: ____________________________________________________________ Dr. David Shearer Committee member from the Department of History Approved: ____________________________________________________________ Dr. Barbara Settles Committee member from the Board of Senior Thesis Readers Approved: ____________________________________________________________ Michael Arnold, Ph.D. Director, University Honors Program ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This senior thesis would not have been possible without the assistance of Dr. James Brophy of the University of Delaware history department. His guidance in research, focused critique, and continued encouragement were instrumental in the project’s formation and completion. The University of Delaware Office of Undergraduate Research also deserves a special thanks, for its continued support of both this work and the work of countless other students. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Germany Key Words
    Germany Key Words Anti–Semitism Hatred of the Jews. Article 48 Part of the Weimar Constitution, giving the President special powers to rule in a crisis. Used By Chancellors to rule when they had no majority in the Reichstag – and therefore an undemocratic precedent for Hitler. Aryan Someone who Belongs to the European type race. To the Nazis this meant especially non– Jewish and they looked for the ideal characteristics of fair hair, Blue eyes... Autobahn Motorway – showpieces of the Nazi joB creation schemes Bartering Buying goods with other goods rather than money. (As happened in the inflation crisis of 1923) Bavaria Large state in the South of Germany. Hitler & Nazis’ original Base. Capital – Munich Beerhall Putsch Failed attempt to seize power By Hitler in NovemBer 1923. Hitler jailed for five years – in fact released Dec 1924 Brown Shirts The name given to the S.A. Centre Party Party representing Roman Catholics – one of the Weimar coalition parties. Dissolves itself July 1933. Chancellor Like the Prime Minister – the man who is the chief figure in the government, Coalition A government made up of a number of parties working together, Because of the election system under Weimar, all its governments were coalitions. They are widely seen as weak governments. Conscription Compulsory military service – introduced by Hitler April1935 in his drive to build up Germany’s military strength (against the terms of the Versailles Treaty) Conservatives In those who want to ‘conserve’ or resist change. In Weimar Germany it means those whose support for the RepuBlic was either weak or non–existent as they wanted a return to Germany’s more ordered past.
    [Show full text]
  • Speer: an Artist Or a Monster?
    Constructing the Past Volume 7 Issue 1 Article 14 2006 Speer: An Artist or a Monster? Emily K. Ergang Illinois Wesleyan University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing Recommended Citation Ergang, Emily K. (2006) "Speer: An Artist or a Monster?," Constructing the Past: Vol. 7 : Iss. 1 , Article 14. Available at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol7/iss1/14 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by editorial board of the Undergraduate Economic Review and the Economics Department at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Speer: An Artist or a Monster? Abstract This article discusses the life of Albert Speer, who was hired as an architect by Hitler. It describes him as being someone who worked for a career and ignored the political implications of who he was working for. This article is available in Constructing the Past: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol7/iss1/14 Constructing the Past Speer: An Artist or a Monster? Emily Kay Ergang The regime of Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party produced a number of complex and controversial.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Nuremberg Trials to the Memorial Nuremberg Trials
    Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit Memorium Nürnberger Prozesse Hirschelgasse 9-11 90403 Nürnberg Telefon: 0911 / 2 31-66 89 Telefon: 0911 / 2 31-54 20 Telefax: 0911 / 2 31-1 42 10 E-Mail: [email protected] www.museen.nuernberg.de – Press Release From the Nuremberg Trials to the Memorial Nuremberg Trials Nuremberg’s name is linked with the NSDAP Party Rallies held here between 1933 and 1938 and – Presseinformation with the „Racial Laws“ adopted in 1935. It is also linked with the trials where leading representatives of the Nazi regime had to answer for their crimes in an international court of justice. Between 20 November, 1945, and 1 October, 1946, the International Military Tribunal’s trial of the main war criminals (IMT) was held in Court Room 600 at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice. Between 1946 and 1949, twelve follow-up trials were also held here. Those tried included high- ranking representatives of the military, administration, medical profession, legal system, industry Press Release and politics. History Two years after Germany had unleashed World War II on 1 September, 1939, leading politicians and military staff of the anti-Hitler coalition started to consider bringing to account those Germans responsible for war crimes which had come to light at that point. The Moscow Declaration of 1943 and the Conference of Yalta of February 1945 confirmed this attitude. Nevertheless, the ideas – Presseinformation concerning the type of proceeding to use in the trial were extremely divergent. After difficult negotiations, on 8 August, 1945, the four Allied powers (USA, Britain, France and the Soviet Union) concluded the London Agreement, on a "Charter for The International Military Tribunal", providing for indictment for the following crimes in a trial based on the rule of law: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Monita Secreta Or, As It Was Also Known As, The
    James Bernauer, S.J. Boston College From European Anti-Jesuitism to German Anti-Jewishness: A Tale of Two Texts “Jews and Jesuits will move heaven and hell against you.” --Kurt Lüdecke, in conversation with Adolf Hitleri A Presentation at the Conference “Honoring Stanislaw Musial” Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (March 5, 2009) The current intense debate about the significance of “political religion” as a mode of analyzing fascism leads us to the core of the crisis in understanding the Holocaust.ii Saul Friedländer has written of an “historian‟s paralysis” that “arises from the simultaneity and the interaction of entirely heterogeneous phenomena: messianic fanaticism and bureaucratic structures, pathological impulses and administrative decrees, archaic attitudes within an advanced industrial society.”iii Despite the conflicting voices in the discussion of political religion, the debate does acknowledge two relevant facts: the obvious intermingling in Nazism of religious and secular phenomena; secondly, the underestimated role exercised by Munich Catholicism in the early life of the Nazi party.iv My essay is an effort to illumine one thread in this complex territory of political religion and Nazism and my title conveys its hypotheses. First, that the centuries long polemic against the Roman Catholic religious order the Jesuits, namely, its fabrication of the Jesuit image as cynical corrupter of Christianity and European culture, provided an important template for the Nazi imagining of Jewry after its emancipation.v This claim will be exhibited in a consideration of two historically influential texts: the Monita 1 secreta which demonized the Jesuits and the Protocols of the Sages of Zion which diabolized the Jews.vi In the light of this examination, I shall claim that an intermingled rhetoric of Jesuit and Jewish wills to power operated in the imagination of some within the Nazi leadership, the most important of whom was Adolf Hitler himself.
    [Show full text]
  • Hitler's Germania: Propaganda Writ in Stone
    Bard College Bard Digital Commons Senior Projects Spring 2017 Bard Undergraduate Senior Projects Spring 2017 Hitler's Germania: Propaganda Writ in Stone Aaron Mumford Boehlert Bard College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2017 Part of the Architectural History and Criticism Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Boehlert, Aaron Mumford, "Hitler's Germania: Propaganda Writ in Stone" (2017). Senior Projects Spring 2017. 136. https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2017/136 This Open Access work is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been provided to you by Bard College's Stevenson Library with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this work in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights- holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hitler’s Germania: Propaganda Writ in Stone Senior Project submitted to the Division of Arts of Bard College By Aaron Boehlert Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 2017 A. Boehlert 2 Acknowledgments This project would not have been possible without the infinite patience, support, and guidance of my advisor, Olga Touloumi, truly a force to be reckoned with in the best possible way. We’ve had laughs, fights, and some of the most incredible moments of collaboration, and I can’t imagine having spent this year working with anyone else.
    [Show full text]
  • Jürgen Habermas and the Third Reich Max Schiller Claremont Mckenna College
    Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2012 Jürgen Habermas and the Third Reich Max Schiller Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Schiller, Max, "Jürgen Habermas and the Third Reich" (2012). CMC Senior Theses. Paper 358. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/358 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Introduction The formation and subsequent actions of the Nazi government left a devastating and indelible impact on Europe and the world. In the midst of general technological and social progress that has occurred in Europe since the Enlightenment, the Nazis represent one of the greatest social regressions that has occurred in the modern world. Despite the development of a generally more humanitarian and socially progressive conditions in the western world over the past several hundred years, the Nazis instigated one of the most diabolic and genocidal programs known to man. And they did so using modern technologies in an expression of what historian Jeffrey Herf calls “reactionary modernism.” The idea, according to Herf is that, “Before and after the Nazi seizure of power, an important current within conservative and subsequently Nazi ideology was a reconciliation between the antimodernist, romantic, and irrantionalist ideas present in German nationalism and the most obvious manifestation of means ...modern technology.” 1 Nazi crimes were so extreme and barbaric precisely because they incorporated modern technologies into a process that violated modern ethical standards. Nazi crimes in the context of contemporary notions of ethics are almost inconceivable.
    [Show full text]
  • From Charlemagne to Hitler: the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire and Its Symbolism
    From Charlemagne to Hitler: The Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire and its Symbolism Dagmar Paulus (University College London) [email protected] 2 The fabled Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire is a striking visual image of political power whose symbolism influenced political discourse in the German-speaking lands over centuries. Together with other artefacts such as the Holy Lance or the Imperial Orb and Sword, the crown was part of the so-called Imperial Regalia, a collection of sacred objects that connotated royal authority and which were used at the coronations of kings and emperors during the Middle Ages and beyond. But even after the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the crown remained a powerful political symbol. In Germany, it was seen as the very embodiment of the Reichsidee, the concept or notion of the German Empire, which shaped the political landscape of Germany right up to National Socialism. In this paper, I will first present the crown itself as well as the political and religious connotations it carries. I will then move on to demonstrate how its symbolism was appropriated during the Second German Empire from 1871 onwards, and later by the Nazis in the so-called Third Reich, in order to legitimise political authority. I The crown, as part of the Regalia, had a symbolic and representational function that can be difficult for us to imagine today. On the one hand, it stood of course for royal authority. During coronations, the Regalia marked and established the transfer of authority from one ruler to his successor, ensuring continuity amidst the change that took place.
    [Show full text]
  • Indictment Presented to the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg, 18 October 1945)
    Indictment presented to the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg, 18 October 1945) Caption: On 18 October 1945, the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg accuses 24 German political, military and economic leaders of conspiracy, crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity. Source: Indictment presented to the International Military Tribunal sitting at Berlin on 18th October 1945. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, November 1945. 50 p. (Cmd. 6696). p. 2-50. Copyright: Crown copyright is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office and the Queen's Printer for Scotland URL: http://www.cvce.eu/obj/indictment_presented_to_the_international_military_tribunal_nuremberg_18_october_1945-en- 6b56300d-27a5-4550-8b07-f71e303ba2b1.html Last updated: 03/07/2015 1 / 46 03/07/2015 Indictment presented to the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg, 18 October 1945) INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND, AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS — AGAINST — HERMANN WILHELM GÖRING, RUDOLF HESS, JOACHIM VON RIBBENTROP, ROBERT LEY, WILHELM KEITEL, ERNST KALTEN BRUNNER, ALFRED ROSENBERG, HANS FRANK, WILHELM FRICK, JULIUS STREICHER, WALTER FUNK, HJALMAR SCHACHT, GUSTAV KRUPP VON BOHLEN UND HALBACH, KARL DÖNITZ, ERICH RAEDER, BALDUR VON SCHIRACH, FRITZ SAUCKEL, ALFRED JODL, MARTIN BORMANN, FRANZ VON PAPEN, ARTUR SEYSS INQUART, ALBERT SPEER, CONSTANTIN VON NEURATH, AND HANS FRITZSCHE,
    [Show full text]
  • Modern History
    MODERN HISTORY Albert Speer (1905 – 1981) Examine the degree to which Albert Speer was culpable in Hitler’s organization and implementation of crimes against humanity from 1937 to 1945. In the perspective of Israeli historian Omer Bartov1: “…our understanding of the Third Reich, revealing it as a consensual dictatorship whose popularity was rooted in…the profits of crimes against humanity on an unimaginable scale.” There is no doubt, based on the historical evidence, that Albert Speer2 (1905-1981) was intimately culpable, to some degree, in Nazi Germany’s appalling crimes against humanity from 1937 to 1945. At the Nuremberg Trials3 in 1945, Speer was convicted and sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment - largely on the basis of evidence showing his participation as Reich Minister for Production and Armaments, in the use of deportation and forced labour. The Court found Speer innocent on Counts One and Two; ‘planning, initiating and waging war of aggression’ and ‘crimes against peace’ respectively, and guilty on the counts of ‘war crimes’ and ‘crimes against humanity’. The charges which Speer faced at Nuremberg did not include reference to his earlier involvement, as Adolf Hitler’s (1889-1945) (Chief) First Architect of the Third Reich, and responsibility for re-planning Berlin in the ‘Germania’ project, which resulted in the forced removal of Jewish citizens from their homes in the city for the new Reich capital. Speer’s level of involvement in enslavement, the persecution of the Jews and his level of knowledge of the Holocaust remain subjects of historical debate. The unanswered question, as to which Speer was given the benefit of the doubt at Nuremberg, is whether he had any knowledge of Hitler’s initiated crimes against humanity and the awful fate that awaited Jews who were deported and ‘resettled’.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Nazi Dental Gold: from Dead Bodies Till Swiss Bank
    SAJ Forensic Science Volume 1 | Issue 1 www.scholarena.com Research Article Open Access History of Nazi Dental Gold: From Dead Bodies till Swiss Bank Riaud X* Doctor in Dental Surgery, PhD in History of Sciences and Techniques, Winner and Associate Member of the National Academy of Dental Surgery, Member of the National Academy of Surgery, France *Corresponding author: Riaud X, Doctor in Dental Surgery, PhD., in History of Sciences and Techniques, Winner [email protected] and Associate Member of the National Academy of Dental Surgery, Member of the National Academy of Surgery, 145,Citation: route de Vannes, 44800 Saint Herblain, France, Tel: 0033240766488, E-mail: A R T I C RiaudL E I XN (2015) F O History of NaziA DentalB S T Gold: R A CFrom T Dead Bodies till Swiss Bank. SAJ Forensic Sci 1: 105 Article history: The SS Reichsfürher Heinrich Himmler, on the 23rd of September 1940 gave the Received: 02 May 2015 SS doctors orders to collect the golden teeth in the mouth of the dead. Everybody knows that. But, who Accepted: 27 May 2015 knows who were the SS dentists directly implicated in that collection, the real Published: 29 May 2015 figures, how Nazis proceeded? Here are the answers. For the first time. Keywords: History; Dentistry; WWII; Dental gold Introduction rd of September 1940 gave the SS doctors orders to collect the golden teeth in the mouth of the dead, and also “the golden teeth that cannot be repaired”, from the mouth of the people alive. This decree,- The SS that Reichsfürher was part of Heinrich the T4 Operation, Himmler, onwas the not 23 systematically put into practice on the concentration camps prisoners.
    [Show full text]
  • Was Hitler a Darwinian?
    Was Hitler a Darwinian? Robert J. Richards The University of Chicago The Darwinian underpinnings of Nazi racial ideology are patently obvious. Hitler's chapter on "Nation and Race" in Mein Kampf discusses the racial struggle for existence in clear Darwinian terms. Richard Weikart, Historian, Cal. State, Stanislaus1 Hamlet: Do you see yonder cloud that's almost in shape of a camel? Shakespeare, Hamlet, III, 2. 1. Introduction . 1 2. The Issues regarding a Supposed Conceptually Causal Connection . 4 3. Darwinian Theory and Racial Hierarchy . 10 4. The Racial Ideology of Gobineau and Chamberlain . 16 5. Chamberlain and Hitler . 27 6. Mein Kampf . 29 7. Struggle for Existence . 37 8. The Political Sources of Hitler’s Anti-Semitism . 41 9. Ethics and Social Darwinism . 44 10. Was the Biological Community under Hitler Darwinian? . 46 11. Conclusion . 52 1. Introduction Several scholars and many religiously conservative thinkers have recently charged that Hitler’s ideas about race and racial struggle derived from the theories of Charles Darwin (1809-1882), either directly or through intermediate sources. So, for example, the historian Richard Weikart, in his book From Darwin to Hitler (2004), maintains: “No matter how crooked the road was from Darwin to Hitler, clearly Darwinism and eugenics smoothed the path for Nazi ideology, especially for the Nazi 1 Richard Weikart, “Was It Immoral for "Expelled" to Connect Darwinism and Nazi Racism?” (http://www.discovery.org/a/5069.) 1 stress on expansion, war, racial struggle, and racial extermination.”2 In a subsequent book, Hitler’s Ethic: The Nazi Pursuit of Evolutionary Progress (2009), Weikart argues that Darwin’s “evolutionary ethics drove him [Hitler] to engage in behavior that the rest of us consider abominable.”3 Other critics have also attempted to forge a strong link between Darwin’s theory and Hitler’s biological notions.
    [Show full text]