Hermann Göring Und Albert Speer Bei Den Nürnberger Prozessen

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Hermann Göring Und Albert Speer Bei Den Nürnberger Prozessen Hermann Göring und Albert Speer bei den Nürnberger Prozessen. Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten ihrer Verteidigungsstrategien Diplomarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Magisters der Philosophie an der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz vorgelegt von: Bernhard RAUTZ am Institut für Geschichte Begutachter: Univ.- Dozent Dr. Martin Moll GRAZ, Juli 2015 Danksagung: Zunächst möchte ich mich an dieser Stelle bei meinen Eltern Kurt und Martha, sowie meiner Schwester Katrin Rautz bedanken, die mich während der Anfertigung dieser Diplomarbeit unterstützt und motiviert haben. Ganz besonders gilt dieser Dank Herrn Dr. Martin Moll, der mich bei der Erstellung der Arbeit betreut hat. Vielen Dank für die Geduld und die Mühen. 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung .............................................................................................................. 4 2. Abstract Deutsch/Englisch ................................................................................... 5 3. Forschungsfrage und Methode ............................................................................ 6 4. Allgemeiner Teil .................................................................................................... 7 a. Albert Speer ....................................................................................................... 7 b. Hermann Göring ............................................................................................. 17 c. Der Nürnberger Prozess ................................................................................. 25 5. Göring und Speer beim Nürnberger Prozess ................................................... 31 6. Die Anklagepunkte gegen Hermann Göring .................................................... 37 7. Die Verteidigung von Hermann Göring ........................................................... 39 8. Das Urteil über Hermann Göring ..................................................................... 44 9. Die Anklagepunkte gegen Albert Speer ............................................................ 50 10. Die Verteidigung von Albert Speer ................................................................. 54 11. Das Urteil über Albert Speer ........................................................................... 73 12. Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten der Strategien ..................................... 77 13. Biographien und deren Einfluss auf den Prozess .......................................... 80 14. Schlussfolgerung und Nachwort ..................................................................... 82 15. Literatur- und Quellenverzeichnis ................................................................. 83 3 1. Einleitung Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit stehen die Angeklagten Hermann Göring und Albert Speer beim Nürnberger Prozess gegen die Hauptkriegsverbrecher 1945/46. Ich möchte mit dieser Arbeit auf die beiden erwähnten Angeklagten bei diesem Prozess sowie auf ihre Verteidigungsstrategien eingehen. Das Anliegen dieser Arbeit ist es, das damalige Geschehen in Erinnerung zu rufen, die Hintergründe und Überlegungen, die zu diesem Prozess führten, darzustellen und schließlich die Personen Hermann Göring und Albert Speer in die europäische Geschichte einzubetten. Der Nürnberger Hauptkriegsverbrecherprozess vor britischen, französischen, sowjetischen Richtern und Richtern aus den Vereinigten Staaten war ein Novum in der Geschichte der Völker und des Völkerrechts. Der Gerichtshof wollte nicht auf Gewalt setzen, sondern auf das Recht mit der Folge, dass Angeklagte auch freigesprochen wurden oder nach der Auffassung von Zeitgenossen „zu billig wegkamen“. Deshalb möchte ich die Urteile über die Angeklagten Hermann Göring und Albert Speer analysieren und vergleichen. In meiner Diplomarbeit möchte ich besonders auf die Personen Hermann Göring und Albert Speer eingehen sowie kurz allgemeine Aspekte des Nürnberger Prozesses behandeln. 4 2. Abstract Deutsch/Englisch Diese universitäre Abschlussarbeit befasst sich mit den einstigen NS-Größen Hermann Göring und Albert Speer beim Nürnberger Prozess gegen die Hauptkriegsverbrecher 1945/46. Es werden hierbei Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten der jeweiligen Verteidigungsstrategien, knapp die angeklagten Personen sowie der Prozessort erläutert. Am Beginn stehen die Biographien der beiden Angeklagten, gefolgt vom Gerichtsort Nürnberg. Die Arbeit behandelt danach ausführlich Anklagepunkte, Verteidigungen und Urteile betreffend die beiden Protagonisten. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, das unterschiedliche Auftreten der beiden Angeklagten beim Prozess widerzuspiegeln: Trotz identischer Anklagepunkte wurden Hermann Göring und Albert Speer ungleich bestraft. Dieser Unterschied des Strafausmaßes des Nürnberger Gerichtshofes wird in dieser Studie herausgearbeitet. This thesis deals with the former prominent Nazi leaders Hermann Göring and Albert Speer at the Nuremberg trial held against the major war criminals in 1945/46. The paper explains the differences and common features of the defence strategies and contains a brief description of the defendants as well as of the place where the trial took place. This thesis starts with the biographies of the two defendants, followed by a description of the location of the trial, Nuremberg. The thesis then deals in detail with the indictment, the defence and the sentences the two protagonists received. The aim of this paper is to portray the differences in the way the two defendants presented themselves at the trial: despite convergent indictments, Hermann Göring and Albert Speer received divergent sentences. This difference in the degree of punishment pronounced by the Nuremberg Court will be elaborated on in this paper. 5 3. Forschungsfrage und Methode Mit meiner Forschungsfrage: Hermann Göring und Albert Speer bei den Nürnberger Prozessen. Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten ihrer Verteidigungsstrategien möchte ich diese beiden Personen genauer behandeln und ihre Strategien bei dem Prozess analysieren. Zuerst möchte ich die Akteure Göring und Speer genauer in einer kurzen Biographie vorstellen und die Beweggründe, die sie zur NSDAP führten, näher analysieren. Warum haben sie sich der NSDAP angeschlossen? Albert Speer, der zuerst nichts mit Politik zu tun und kein Interesse an der NSDAP hatte, schloss sich im Jahr 1932 der Partei an. Nach einer Kundgebung Adolf Hitlers war es wie ein „Aha-Erlebnis“ für ihn. Hermann Göring fand auf gänzlich anderem Weg zu der NSDAP. Seine Militärlaufbahn begann schon im Ersten Weltkrieg, bereits anfangs hatte er große Sympathie für Adolf Hitler und seine Idee eines künftigen Deutschland. Um eine erfolgreiche Arbeit zu schreiben, habe ich mich für die Methode „Literaturrecherche“ entschieden. Es gibt zu meinem Thema genügend Literatur und Dokumente. 6 4. Allgemeiner Teil a. Albert Speer Albert Speer wurde am 19. März 1905 als Sohn eines erfolgreichen Architekten in Mannheim geboren und studierte nach dem Abitur von 1923 bis 1927 in Karlsruhe, München und Berlin auf Anraten seines Vaters statt Mathematik Architektur. Nach dem Diplom blieb er noch einige Jahre als Assistent von Prof. Heinrich Tessenow (1876-1950) an der Technischen Hochschule in Berlin- Charlottenburg. Beeindruckt von einer Rede, die Adolf Hitler am 4. Dezember 1930 im überfüllten Festsaal auf der Hasenheide im Berliner Bezirk Neukölln gehalten hatte, trat Albert Speer am 1. März 1931 der NSDAP bei (Mitgliedsnummer: 474.481). Ein Jahr später ließ er sich als selbstständiger Architekt in Mannheim nieder.1 Die Jugend von Albert Speer war sehr geregelt, d.h. er kam aus einer großbürgerlichen Familie und die Jugend verlief für ihn hauptsächlich ereignislos. Es gibt kaum Aufregendes zu berichten über die Jugendjahre des späteren Architekten Adolf Hitlers. Das Verhältnis zu seinen Eltern war sehr distanziert, d.h. der Vater war für Albert Speer unnahbar, auch die Mutter war sehr kühl und scheu zu seinen Brüdern und ihm. Es erweckt den Anschein, als ob die Mutter menschenscheu gewesen wäre und mit anderen Personen nichts zu tun haben wollte. Der Vater war, wie schon der Großvater väterlicherseits, Architekt und hatte sich im Mannheimer Raum mit Verwaltungsbauten, herrschaftlichen Wohnhäusern und Villen nicht nur einen Namen gemacht, sondern auch einigen Wohlstand erworben. Als er im Jahr 1900 die Tochter eines Mainzer Handelskaufmanns heiratete, der es vom Förstersohn zum erfolgreichen Unternehmer gebracht hatte und der seine Herkunft auf den Reichserbmarschall von Pappenheim zurückführte, war er darüber hinaus zu beträchtlichem Vermögen gelangt. Doch für Albert Speer waren diese gedrängten und reichen Verhältnisse nicht das Seine, deswegen fühlte er sich sehr wohl, als er 1918 nach Heidelberg übersiedelte. In Heidelberg blühte Albert Speer regelrecht auf, jedoch 1 URL: http://www.dieterwunderlich.de/Albert_Speer.htm. 7 blieb die Beziehung zu den Eltern schwierig.2 Auch die Beziehung zu seinen Geschwistern war nicht besser; die Brüder waren ganz anders als Albert, sie waren robust und laut, das komplette Gegenteil von Albert. Die Beziehung zum Vater war trotz großer Bewunderung von Albert Speer für ihn sehr schwierig. Er war ein prinzipienfester, lebensnaher Mann, immer korrekt gekleidet, mit goldener Uhrkette, Knebelbart und kurzgeschnittenem Haar.3 Bei aller Nüchternheit verfügte er über einen sicheren, aus Herkommen und neuem Familienstolz erwachsenen Bürgerinstinkt. Als er Mitte der dreißiger Jahre nach Berlin kam und abends mit seinem unvermittelt hochgestiegenen Sohn eine Theaterpremiere besuchte, bat Hitler ihn während
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