Federal Relief Construction in North Dakota, 1931-1943
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NPS Form 10-900-b (Rev. 01/2009) OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5131t2012) United States Department of the lnterior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form Thisformisusedfordocumentingpropertygroupsrelatingtooneorseveral historic contexts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin How lo Complete the Multiple Propefty Documentation Form (tormerly 168). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional spa@, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items X New Submission Amended Submission A. Name of Multlple Property Llsting Federal Relief Construction in North Dakota, 1931-1943 B. Associated Hlstorlc Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identiling theme, geographical area, and chronoligical period for each.) Federal Relief Programs in North Dakota, 193l-1943 C. Form Prepared bv name/title Steve C. Martens organization Steve C. Martens; Architect date August 2010 street & number P.O. Box 742 telephone 701.361.3943 city or town Farso state ND zi o code 5810'7-0742 e-mail [email protected] D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certiff that this documentation fiorm meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR 60 and the Secretary of the lnteriois Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation. (__ See continuation sheet br additional O^ D 5HPO State or Federal Agency or Tribal governrnent I hereby certiry that this multiple property documentation form has been approved by the National Register as a basis for evaluating related properties for listing in the National Register. Signature of the Keeper Date ofAciion NPS Form 10-900-b (Rev. 01/2009) OMB No. 1024-0018 “Federal Relief Construction in North Dakoita, 1931-1943” North Dakota Name of Multiple Property Listing State Table of Contents for Written Narrative Provide the following information on continuation sheets. Cite the letter and title before each section of the narrative. Assign page numbers according to the instructions for continuation sheets in National Register Bulletin How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (formerly 16B). Fill in page numbers for each section in the space below. Page Numbers E. Statement of Historic Contexts (if more than one historic context is documented, present them in sequential order.) E1 to E83 F. Associated Property Types (Provide description, significance, and registration requirments.) F1 to F41 G. Geographical Data The State of North Dakota G1 H. Summary of Identification and Evaluation Methods (Discuss the methods used in developing the multiple property listing.) H1 to H5 I. Major Bibliographical References (List major written works and primary location of additional documentation: State Historic Preservation Office, other State agency, I1 to I10 Federal agency, local government, university, or other, specifying repository.) Additional Documentation sheets (Historic documents and maps, database list of properties,, historic photos, chronology) AD1 to AD46 The research and authorship which are the subject of this National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form (MPDF) have been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, and administered by the State Historical Society of North Dakota. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior or the State Historical Society of North Dakota, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior or the State Historical Society of North Dakota. This program receives Federal grant financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, disability or age in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity National Park Service 1849 C Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20240 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.460 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, PO Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 01/2009) OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet “Federal Relief Construction in North Dakota, 1931-1943” All counties in North Dakota Name of multiple property listing (if applicable) “Federal Relief Construction in North Dakota, 1931-1943” Section number E Page 1 E. Narrative Statement of Historic Context The Statement of Historic Context for this Multiple Property Documentation Form provides an overview of the Great Depression and the federal relief programs developed to address the economic crisis that began in 1929 and continued through the 1930s and early 1940s. The narrative suggests a context for understanding and evaluating the physical resources that were constructed in North Dakota as a result of these federal programs. Federal relief programs, including both direct relief (cash payments and grants to farmers) and works projects, are often lumped together under the title “New Deal” programs. In a rural, agriculturally dependent state like North Dakota, direct relief programs provided necessary short-term relief from destitution for many individual families. Virtually all the work relief construction programs that are subject of this narrative were initiated and implemented by the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The underlying concept for this historic context is based on historical trends and patterns. From an historical perspective, the tangible legacy of the New Deal era can be observed in the constructed works projects nationwide, and more specific to the narrative of this thematic context, throughout the state of North Dakota. It was the works projects that restored worker confidence, put food on the table, ameliorated the myriad consequences of economic collapse, and produced much of the infrastructure we continue to use today. The work relief construction projects are identifiable as symbols of the Depression era and embodiments of the variety of federal interventions under which they were constructed. The context narrative of this MPDF is focused specifically on programs that offered relief income payments in exchange for work to complete constructed projects that served the public good (broadly defined). The works projects are distinctive in terms of their architectural style, materials, and manner of construction. They also addressed historic events and circumstances that had social, political, economic, and environmental dimensions. The professions of architecture, engineering, landscape architecture, planning, and construction were largely transformed by the manner in which they implemented work relief projects through design and construction. Much of the architectural, engineering, and construction legacy of the Depression era continues to be utilized as a set of valuable public assets more than 70-years after the relief programs ended. Politically, federal, state, and local agencies explained, promoted, and effectively justified the work relief achievements as a necessary role of government. Governmental politics and public policy responses to the economic depression of the 1930s have received extensive retrospective analysis from a range of academic perspectives. The Multiple Property Documentation context narrative for North Dakota’s federal work relief construction is timely in the opportunity it affords to examine thoughtfully designed buildings, landscapes, and engineered structures from the critical perspective of architectural history. The MPDF analysis is also important for understanding lessons of government, political will, and economics in the manner by which a NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 01/2009) OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet “Federal Relief Construction