DOCSLIB.ORG

The Protesters by Alan Eyre Contents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Protesters by Alan Eyre Contents www.antipas.org ________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Protesters By Alan Eyre Contents Preface Introduction 1. The Source of the Ideal 2. The Vaudois of the Alps 3. Stirrings in Switzerland 4. Year of Decision – 1525 5. Debates and 6. Balthasar Hubmaier in Moravia Dungeons 7. The Fiery Trial 8. Scattered Abroad 9. Troubled Times In Lutheran Lands 10. Strangers and Pilgrims 11. Principles and Practice 12. Lightstand in Poland 13. The Irrepressible Headmaster 14. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 15. Witness to Truth in 1807 16. Old Wine in New Bottles 17. John Thomas 1 2 THE PROTESTERS by Alan Eyre 18. The Faith at the End of the Age 19. Epilogue Bibliography Paintings, Maps, Graphics used: • N.E. Switzerland (map), 1525 • Hubmaier, wood cut • Sattler, Switzerland (map) • Edict of Ferdinand, 1528, promulgating the death penalty for the Brethren in Christ • Title‐page of the Bruderliche Vereynigung, a Statement of Faith in seven parts, drawn up in 1527 by Michael Sattler. It contained also "a brief but true notice of how ... he witnessed with his blood." • Central Europe (map) 1536 • Painting of a Council House in Zurich, 1525 • Statue of Zwingli • The Fraumunster in Zurich • Painting of "One of the Brethren being burned at the stake." • Painting of "A Bible Class held for safety in mid‐river" • Typical pages of John Biddle's "Twofold Catechism" • Photo of "Cages for imprisoning Brethren, Nurnberg" • Poland (map) 1600 THE PROTESTERS by Alan Eyre 3 PREFACE THE members of a comparatively small community, who have sought from its foundation to base their beliefs and their life upon what is revealed in the Scriptures, the Word of God, have inevitably a keen interest in the career and fate of those devout believers in God of former centuries, whose aim and attitude were the same. Unfortunately the historical details and evidence were not easy to come by, scattered as they are among various writings in different languages and spread over a period of many centuries. Alan Eyre has put us all in his debt by the massive research he has done into the religious opinions and political fortunes of those early students of Scripture. The breadth of his investigations is revealed by the impressive Bibliography at the end of this volume, and by the evidence in the text itself of the use he has made of his sources. One or two impressions inevitably emerge from a reading of this book. Whatever may be the ultimate verdict of God upon them individually, there is no doubting the tremendous zeal and earnestness with which some of these early believers applied themselves to the study of Scripture. It is a matter of great encouragement to us, whose religious views are regarded as unorthodox by our contemporaries, to find that in a number of cases where major doctrines are concerned, these early believers had come to the same conclusions as ourselves. And how should it be otherwise, for we have sought to do what they did ‐‐ go back to the Scriptures alone in our search for truth. Another, genuinely shocking, discovery is to realise how swiftly the leaders of the "official" Protestant reformation in the 16th and 17th centuries reverted to ideas which they had originally condemned in Catholicism, and with what ruthlessness they treated the "protesters" who insisted on relying only upon the Word of God. Not the least striking feature of the narrative of this book is the revelation of the tremendous spirit of faith, love and devotion to God shown by some of these believers of former times who suffered almost indescribable tortures for the sake of their convictions. Would we today, who profess the same faith in God and in His Word, show the same firm courage if persecution became our lot? May the reflection send us all back to the Scriptures themselves as the source of all truth and inspiration. F.T.P. November, 1975. 4 THE PROTESTERS by Alan Eyre INTRODUCTION PAGE 7 As a Christadelphian, the author has witnessed a tremendous change during the past few years in the community of which he is a member. In some areas where ecclesias more than a century old exist (parts of the eastern seaboard of the United States, for example) more than half the present membership has become so within that time. In a few English speaking countries no member has been such longer than ten years. This is, of course, most gratifying, and a healthy indication that Christadelphians are not, as one famous encyclopaedia has it, followers of one John Thomas, but followers of Christ, even as he and others were. But as, sadly perhaps for a dwindling majority, a widening distance of time separates this new generation from 6hristadelphian "pioneers", so appreciation of the furnace through which this faith was refined grows less. There are many, who, while knowing and loving Bible truth, would like to know more of those who struggled to preserve it for us. There are, however, other reasons which have prompted this study. The writer, once naively and unquestioningly accepting a popular view that Dr. John Thomas "discovered", as if from a void, the totality of Bible truth as believed by Christadelphians, was amazed to discover source after source which showed that this was at least a serious misrepresentation. It is indeed one which he believes John Thomas himself, were he alive, would be the first to repudiate, as the abundant quotations from earlier sources in his journals indicate. The nineteenth century, however, was one in which few intellectual debts were acknowledged. The neglect of the writings of nineteenth century Christadelphian authors by some of the new generation of believers is as unfortunate; so are the excesses of others who would pay them alone an honour of which some share is due to others who had paved the way before them. It is hoped that this study will put in perspective the work of many without whose selfless efforts we today would be the poorer. PAGE 8 It should be remembered that we do not diminish the teachings of the work of the Lord Jesus by pointing out how much of what he said came straight out of the Old Testament; rather indeed do we give them added richness. So it is with those who have been long respected and honoured among us. A Noble Tradition Today the Christadelphian community ‐‐"Brothers in Christ" ‐‐ is the inheritor of a noble tradition, by which elements of the Truth were from century to century hammered out on the anvil of controversy, affliction and even anguish. These pages may help us to appreciate a Bible doctrine that God does not establish truth by the counting of heads, but by the trying of hearts, and also to understand why we as Christadelphians today resist the outstretched hands of broad oecumenical unity, and consider as traitors any among us who sell their birthright for this cause. There is always an element of danger in appearing in the role of advocate for a misjudged minority, and if there appears in the present work to have been excessive swinging of the pendulum in the opposite direction at any point, that would be meagre compensation for centuries of harsh and bitter judgements. An effort has been made to avoid the use of ethically loaded words such as martyr, and to let those concerned reveal what manner of death, and life, was involved. It is also hoped that the THE PROTESTERS by Alan Eyre 5 story of the sufferings of those recorded here will not be the dominant interest; this is certainly not intended as a Christadelphian version of Foxe's Book of Martyrs, but as a sober appraisal of work done well. When Jesus described his apostles as the salt of the earth they were then far from having themselves a full and complete understanding of the Gospel. Yet they were sent by Jesus two by two to preach the Kingdom of God. Salt serves as a preservative from corruption, and it seems fitting that the efforts of men to preserve from decay and corruption various elements of the truth through the long years of the Master's absence should be similarly regarded. In the case of those now sleeping it is the prerogative of the Lord, not of ourselves, to determine the degree to which their faith will be counted for righteousness. Many who grasped eagerly only one element of Gospel truth out of the morass of prevailing corruption and proclaimed it upon the housetops have in so doing acted as the salt of the earth in so far as their work aided the preservation PAGE 9 of truth and virtue. Some recorded herein perhaps did not have "all the truth" ‐‐ so the writer has been reminded ‐‐ but he hopes that no reader of these pages will be so bold as to consider that he understands all truth. If one does not know more of the truth at the end of one's pilgrimage than at the beginning or the middle, then he is a poor disciple indeed. A Desperate Need All this does not mean that insistence upon a doctrinal basis for faith and fellowship is misguided. Indeed, on the contrary, to uphold Scriptural teaching was the aim of many whose exploits are recreated in these studies. Their success varied, and the process was continuous, dynamic and even painful, needing to be adapted to the changing character of the corruption prevailing. If contention over dogma and statements of faith has produced schism and unchristlike action, it has also promoted intense study of the Word of God and powerful, burning loyalties and convictions ‐‐ all things this spineless generation of ours desperately needs.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: the Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State
    University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Honors Theses Student Research 5-6-2021 Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: The Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State Keeley Harris University of Richmond Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses Part of the Political Science Commons, and the Religion Law Commons Recommended Citation Harris, Keeley, "Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: The Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State" (2021). Honors Theses. 1577. https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses/1577 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: The Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State By Keeley Harris Honors Thesis Submitted to: Jepson School of Leadership Studies University of Richmond Richmond, VA May 6, 2021 Advisor: Dr. Kristin M. S. Bezio Harris 1 Abstract Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: The Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State Keeley Harris Committee members: Dr. Kristin M. S. Bezio, Dr. George R. Goethals and Dr. Douglas L. Winiarski This research focuses on a sect of Christian thinkers who originated in mid-16th century Poland called Socinians. They had radical Christian views built upon ideas from humanism and the Protestant Reformation, including Anti-Trinitarianism and rejecting the divinity of Christ.
    [Show full text]
  • The Background of the Nineteenth Century Swiss Mennonite Immigrants
    Published in the interest o f the best in the religious, social, and economic phases o f Mennonite culture Bound Volumes Mennonite Life is available in a series of bound volumes as follows: 1. Volume I-III (1946-48) $6 2. Volume IV-V (1949-50) $5 3. Volume VI-VII (1951-52) $5 4. Volume VIII-IX (1953-54) $5 If ordered directly from Mennonite Life all four volumes are available at $18. Back Issues Wanted! Our supply of the first issue of Mennonite Life, January 1946, and January 1948, is nearly exhausted. We would appreciate it if you could send us your copies. For both copies we would extend your subscription for one year. Address all correspondence to MENNONITE LIFE North Newton, Kansas COVER Maine Farm Scene Photography: U. S. D. A. Photograph by Hunton MENNONITE LIFE An Illustrated Quarterly EDITOR Cornelius Krahn ASSISTANT TO THE EDITOR John F. Schmidt ASSOCIATE EDITORS Harold S. Bender S. F. Pannabecker J. Winfield Fretz Robert Kreider Melvin Gingerich J. G. Rempel N. van der Zijpp Vol. XI April, 1956 No. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Contributors................................................................................... -........... 50 World Revolution and the Christian.........................................................................Ernest E. Miller 51 Farming and Industry in the Bluffton-Pandora Area...................................................Howard Raid 53 Schwietzer Tag—Swiss Day.......................................................................................... El award Raid 56 Bluffton College—Child and
    [Show full text]
  • Female Preaching in Early Nineteenth-Century America by Catherine A
    20 Copyright 2009 The Center for Christian Ethics at Baylor University Female Preaching in Early Nineteenth-Century America BY CATHERINE A. BREKUS In the Second Great Awakening more than one hundred women crisscrossed the country as itinerant preachers, holding meetings in barns, schools, or outside in fields. They were the first group of women to speak publicly in America. Why have virtually all of them been forgotten? ome argued that she was “bold and shameless,” a disgrace to her fami- ly and to the evangelical movement. Others insisted that she was the S“instrument of God,” a humble woman who had given up everything for Christ. Few women in early nineteenth-century America provoked more admi- ration, criticism, and controversy than Harriet Livermore. She was the daughter of a congressman and the grand-daughter of a senator, but after an emotional conversion experience, she renounced her privileged life in order to become a female preacher. Reputed to be a gifted evangelist who was also a beautiful singer, she became so popular that she was allowed to preach in front of Congress four times between 1827 and 1844, each time to huge crowds. According to a Washington newspaper, more than a thousand people assembled in the Hall of Representatives to hear her preach in 1827, and hundreds more gathered outside to catch a glimpse of her. President John Quincy Adams had to sit on the steps leading up to her feet because he could not find a free chair. Harriet Livermore was the best-known female preacher of her day, but she was part of a larger community of evangelical women, both white and African-American, who claimed to have been divinely inspired to preach Female Preaching in Early Nineteenth-Century America 21 the gospel.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is a Church of Christ? Silenced
    An international newspaper Our mission: To inform, for Churches of Christ inspire and unite Vol. 75, No. 3 | March 2018 www.christianchronicle.org IMAGE VIA PIXABAY, LETTERING BY LYNDA SHEEHAN Sexual abuse victims ‘fed up’ with silence SOCIAL MEDIA advocacy empowers survivors, molester’s son says. GRAPHIC BY CHELLIE ISON VIA WordcloUDS.com BY BOBBY ROSS JR. | THE CHRISTIAN CHRONICLE or far too long, victims have been What is a Church of Christ? silenced. Finally, they have an outlet to spot- AS NUMBERS DECLINE in the U.S., Christians ponder a fellowship’s identity light their painful ordeals. FThat’s how Jimmy Hinton character- BY ERIK TRYGGESTAD | THE CHRISTIAN CHRONICLE leadership, baptism by immersion single cup and an undivided loaf. izes the social media movements — first and a cappella worship. In recent years, other Churches #MeToo and now #ChurchToo — where t should be love.” But in 2018, a clear definition of Christ have added instrumental sexual abuse survivors are recounting That was Jeff Cash’s of those who strive to be simply worship services, ministered their real-life nightmares. answer to the question, Christian is anything but simple. alongside denominational groups “Quite simply, millions “What would you say Survey respon- and changed their name, though of abuse survivors are ‘Idefines a Church of Christ?” dents noted a they still identify with the fellow- fed up with the church Cash, an American missionary widening variety ship of autonomous congregations. protecting abusers while serving in Fort Portal, Uganda, of practices taking The word “autonomy” itself shaming the victims,” was one of more than 640 respon- place in buildings eludes definition, survey respon- said Hinton, minister for dents to a Christian Chronicle that bear the name dents said.
    [Show full text]
  • A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY of RELIGION in AMERICA
    A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY of RELIGION in AMERICA To 1877 THIRD EDITION Edited by Edwin S. Gaustad with revisions by Mark A. Noll WILLIAM B. EERDMANS PUBLISHING COMPANY GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN / CAMBRIDGE, U.K. Contents Preface to the Third Edition xvii Preface to the Second Edition xviii Preface to the First Edition xix Illustrations xxii Acknowledgments xxiv CHAPTER ONE The Old World and the New I 1. Natural Religion 9 Ceremonies 9 Hopi 9 Zuni 12 Chinook \ 14 Kwakiutl 15 Myths (things believed) 17 Tsimshian 17 Pima 20 Cherokee 21 Zwwf 23 2. New Spain 24 Ponce de Leon 24 Bartholomew de Las Casas and Sublimis Deus 25 Dominicans in Florida 26 Vll viii Contents Pedro Menendez de Avil6s and the Jesuits 28 Franciscans and Indian Revolt 29 Franciscans in New Mexico 31 3. New France 34 French Views of Native Americans 34 Advice to those "whom it shall please God to call to New France" 36 Brebeuf's Instructions to Missionaries 38 Martyrdom of Isaac Jogues, S.J. 39 New France Proclaimed 41 4. New Netherland and New Sweden 43 Jonas Michaelius 43 Johannes Megapolensis and the Mohawks 45 Megapolensis and the Jews 47 Megapolensis and Isaac Jogues 47 John Printz of New Sweden 49 Dutch Surrender 51 5. England Anew 54 Virginia 54 John Rolfe and Pocahantas 54 Anti-Catholicism 57 Church Establishment 58 Virginia's Cure 59 Massachusetts 63' Reasons for Removal: The Pilgrims 63 Persuading London 65 Reasons for Removal: The Puritans 66 A Modell of Christian Charity 67 Puritan Poets 69 Special Cases: Maryland, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania 72 Maryland and Roman Catholics 72 English America's First Mass 75 Rhode Island and the Baptists 77 Pennsylvania and the Quakers 80 Penn and Liberty of Conscience 81 Contents ix The English and the Indian 83 Indian Missions in Massachusetts 83 King Philip's War 85 William Penri and the Indians _ .
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of the Church of God Abrahamic Faith
    6 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHURCH OF GOD ABRAHAMIC FAITH The Development of the Church of God Abrahamic Faith: 1845-1921 JAN STILSON, B.TH., B.S., M.A.L.S. Introduction Gary Land of Andrews University wrote, “After Christ failed to come in 1844 the Millerites splintered into several groups.”1 It is with those groups that we wish to begin and one of those groups will be the focus of this article. The non-Millerite groups that emerged after the Bitter Disappointment were primarily those who had not attended the Albany Conference, called by William Miller to salvage the splintered Adventist movement. The people who formed these groups had been part of the Adventist movement, but now wished to disassociate themselves from it. It might also be noted that the Millerite movement did not fail because “Christ failed to come.” Christ had not failed; rather, men erred by setting dates for his return. What were these groups? Several historians have defined and discussed them2 but this article is principally interested in the emerging groups as detailed by LeRoy Froom. Froom identifies three movements arising out of the Adventist movement: 1. The inheritors of the Millerite tradition, the Advent Christians; 2. Extremists from New England who eventually disappeared; 3. The Seventh Day Adventists who gained strength through the visions of Ellen White. I contend that there is a fourth branch, which Froom alluded to but did not thoroughly discuss. This branch began as the Age to Come movement, also 1 Gary Land, “Strangers Together: Adventism’s American Experience,” Newsletter of the Adventist Movements Historical Association, Pilot Issue 1993, Morrow, GA: Atlanta Bible College.
    [Show full text]
  • TRANSYLVANIAN UNITARIANISM BIBLIOGRAPHY (Update 9/10/2014)—Compiled by Harold Babcock
    TRANSYLVANIAN UNITARIANISM BIBLIOGRAPHY (update 9/10/2014)—compiled by Harold Babcock Allen, J. H. A Visit to Transylvania and the Consistory at Kolozvar. Boston: George H. Ellis, 1881. Ashton, Timothy W. “Transylvanian Unitarianism: Background and Theology in the Contemporary Situation of Communist Romania.” Manuscript of research paper, Meadville/Lombard Theological School, 1968. Balazs, Mihaly. Ference David. Bibliotheca Dissidentium: Repertoire des non‐conformistes religieux des seizieme et dis‐septiemesiecles/edite par Andre Seguenny. T. 26: Ungarlandische Antitrinitarier IV. Baden‐Baden; Bouxwiller: Koerner, 2008. [translated by Judit Gellerd] Balazs, Mihaly and Keseru, Gizella, eds. Gyorgy Enyedi and Central European Unitarianism in the 16th‐17th Centuries. Budapest: Balassi Kiedo, 1998. Boros, George, ed. Report of the International Unitarian Conference. Kolozsvart: Nyomatott Gambos Ferencznel, 1897. Campbell, Judy. “Here They Come! A Visit to Transylvania,”uu & me! Vol. 3 No. 3., December 1999: 2‐3. Cheetham, Henry H. Unitarianism and Universalism: An Illustrated History. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962. Codrescu, Andrei and Ross, Warren. “Rediscovering Our Transylvanian Connection: A Challenge and a Response,”World Magazine, July/August 1995: 24‐30. Cornish, Louis C., ed. The Religious Minorities in Transylvania. Boston: The Beacon Press, Inc., 1925. _____, ed. Transylvania in 1922. Boston: The Beacon Press, Inc., 1923. Erdo, Janos. “Light Upon Religious Toleration from Francis David and Transylvania,” Faith and Freedom 32, Part II (1979): 75‐82. _____. “The Biblicism of Ferenc David,” Faith and Freedom 48, Part I, (?): 44‐50. Erdo, John. “The Foundations of the Transylvanian Unitarian Church,” Faith and Freedom 23, Part II (1970): 61‐70. _____. Transylvanian Unitarian Church: Chronological History and Theological Essays.
    [Show full text]
  • Considering a New Church Covenant in the United Church Of
    x Basic Resources for Considering a New Church Covenant Exploring the United Church of Christ in the Events x x Association and Conference meetings x Worship in local churches of the Association x Training events sponsored by the UCC for church leaders, educators, United Church of Christ clergy, new and renewing pastors, and lay leaders x Public events sponsored by the churches of the Association; Evangelism Ministry Team, others Web sites A Process for Exploring, Developing, x <www.ucc.org>: includes the Constitution and Bylaws, the book “Hidden Histories in the UCC,” links to your Conference Web and Affirming New Relationships site, and much more. x <www.stillspeaking.org>: general information on the UCC, its history and identity. x <www.spiritseasons.com>: the UCC participates in the design of this lectionary-based curriculum. Denominational Resources x Catalogs are available from United Church of Christ Resources, 1-800-325-7061. Some resources may be available on loan from the Conference or Association. xThe United Church of Christ Desk Calendar lists national Covenanted Ministries and their resources. x The Leaders’ Box has information for lay leaders and clergy on traditional church roles and structure. Links to Pilgrim Press and the United Church Press are also available on-line. A Multiracial, Multicultural, Open & Affirming, Accessible to All Church Designed and printed by Resource Design and Production Services, Local Church Ministries PLL304 “Covenant” in the Constitution of the UCC Church Covenant in the UCC x The word “covenant” is at the heart and foundation of the polity, Welcome! practice, history, and theology of the United Church of Christ.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CHRISTADELPHIAN of the Kingdom
    T H E C H R I S TADELPHIA N of the Kingdom of God Vol. 74 July, 2010 No. 5 Editorial — Daily Bible Reading .................................................................... 263 Exhortation — Memorial, Jim Seagoe .......................................................... 266 Bible Study: To Speak Well of God: (14) Two Dreams, One Dream, John Pople .................................... 270 Leviathan, C. C. Walker .............................................................................276 The Joy of Sunday Schooling —Sunday School and the Home: it’s a Partnership, Jim Harper ................................................................. 277 Youth Speaks — Jeroboam: (3) His Paradox, Jason Hensley ............................................................... 279 History — William Allan Clark, Gordon Hensley ......................................... 283 Reflections: Kindness, Jim Sullivan .............................................................................. 290 “He was Hungry” (Fasting in the Life of Disciples), Steve Cheetham .................................................................................. 293 Bible Mission News — Chile; Guadalajara; Guyana; CBMA/C Fundraising Efforts ................................................................... 297 News & Notices ................................................................................................. 303 Minute Meditation — What is pure religion?, Robert J. Lloyd ................. 308 Coming Events ...................................................................................................310
    [Show full text]
  • Doopsgezinde Martelaren in Europa
    1 DOOPSGEZINDE MARTELAREN IN EUROPA Zwitserland, Italië, Oostenrijk, Duitsland, Moravië, Engeland NAMENREGISTER DOOR TH. J. VAN BRAGHT -------------- Gids voor de Doopsgezinde Martelaren van Europa 1524-1614 Door Charlie Kraybill Een publicatie van de Marginal Mennonite Society (MMS) STICHTING DE GIHONBRON MIDDELBURG 2019 2 INHOUD TOELICHTING INHOUD DEEL 1 Van de Martelaarsspiegel van T.J. Van Braght INHOUD DEEL 2 VAN DE HISTORIE EN DE MARTELAARS VAN DOOPSGEZINDEN IN NOORD-NEDERLAND. T.J. Van Braght INHOUD DEEL 2, VERVOLG. MARTELAREN IN ZWITSERLAND, ITALIË, OOSTENRIJK / TIROL, ZUID-NEDERLAND, (BELGIË) MORAVIE, DUITSLAND. T.J. Van Braght Gids voor de Doopsgezinde Martelaren van Europa. 1524-1614 DOOR Charlie Kraybill ZWITSERLAND blz. 23 ITALIË blz. 28 TIROL blz. 29 OOSTENRIJK blz. 32 NOORD- EN ZUID-VLAANDEREN blz. 39 MORAVIË / BOHEMEN / TSJECHIE blz. 56 DUITSLAND blz. 57 ENGELAND blz. 70 Literatuurlijst 3 TOELICHTING In deze naamlijst van martelaren worden de martelaren in Europa beschreven vanaf de tijd van Reformatie ca 1525 tot 1650. Eerst volgt de lijst die ontleent is aan Van Braght zijn boeken, daarna de naamlijst die samengesteld is door C. Kraybill. Kraybill schrijft: Het totale aantal Doopsgezinde martelaren is onbekend. Het bijhouden van gegevens in de verschillende regio's van het Europa van de 16e eeuw was inconsistent. In sommige gebieden werden verslagen bijgehouden maar gingen later verloren of vernietigd. In andere gebieden werden er in de eerste plaats geen records bijgehouden. Er zijn ook plaatsen waar we alleen nummers of namen van martelaren hebben zonder verdere details. De meest uitgebreide martelaarsinformatie die vandaag beschikbaar is, komt uit Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit betekent niet dat meer mensen op die plaatsen werden gemarteld dan elders.
    [Show full text]
  • The Epistle to the Hebrews Where Is the Epistle in Scripture That Paul Wrote to Gal 3:17 Supremacy of Abrahamic Covenant the Jews ???????? Heb 8:6 a Better Covenant
    OVERHEAD TRANSPARENCIES USED IN STUDYING AT THE STIRLING CHRISTADELPHIAN ECCLESIA. PERTH. WESTERN AUSTRALIA DURING 2001 (To be continued in 2002, God willing) STUDY LEADER: Bro Graham Hill (Perth Central Ecclesia) HEBREWS - WHO WROTE IT? (continued 2) HEBREWS - WHO WROTE \TT * Peter's testimony * Written under inspiration 1 Peter 1:1 Peter wrote to Jews * Written bv a person in bond^ - Heb 10:34 * Timothy was his companion - Heb 13:23 In ? Peter 3:15-17 Peter says * Obviously written bv a iew expert in the Law - * Paul had written to them (the Jews) (Acts 22:3) * That writing was "an epistle" * Some things in it difficult to understand * Has similar thoughts & expressions to Galatians * What Paul wrote was "scripture" because he refers to "the OTHER scriptures" Gal 3:11 The just shall live by faith * If Peter is not referring to Paul as the author of Heb 10:38 The just shall live by faith the Epistle to the Hebrews where is the Epistle in Scripture that Paul wrote to Gal 3:17 Supremacy of Abrahamic Covenant the Jews ???????? Heb 8:6 A better covenant Gal 4:26 The Jerusalem which is above Heb 12:22 The heavenly Jerusalem Gal 3:3 Are ye now made perfect by the flesh? Heb 7:11 If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood Gal 4:3 In bondage under the elements of the world Heb 2:15 All their lifetime subject to bondage Gal 1:4 (Christ) gave himself for our sins Heb 2:9 Jesus should taste death for every man ....12 WHY WOULD PAUL WRITE- WHEN WAS HEBREWS WRITTEN? ANONYMOUSLY? There were priests who still offered gifts * Purpose of Epistle is to exalt Christ - therefore not according to the Law (Heb 8:4).
    [Show full text]
  • A Consideration of John Owen's Teaching on The
    Perichoresis Volume 17. Single Author Supplement 1 (2019): 3–20 DOI: 10.2478/perc-2019-0001 A CONSIDERATION OF JOHN OWEN’S TEACHING ON THE HEAVENLY SESSION OF CHRIST DINU MOGA * Emanuel University of Oradea ABSTRACT. Owen’s writings on this subject helps us to see in a profound way that every as- pect of Christ’s work is based upon an act of divine love and good pleasure in which Christ has come to us in order to restore us to fellowship with God. The Divine counsel stands at the basis of Owen understanding of Christ mediatorial work. In all their aspects, Owen’s Christological reflections represent a restatement of orthodox Christology which stands in fundamental con- tinuity with the Reformed tradition, particularly in its use of the threefold office of Christ. What emerges in Owen regarding Christ as Mediator is positively shaped by the intratrinitari- an relations defined by the covenant of redemption and the three-fold office of Christ as prophet, priest, and king which preserve both, the historical and the eternal dimensions. There is nothing more demanded from the church of the present day than the revival of the idea the we live in him who is our High Priest in heaven. KEY WORDS: Christology, Reformed tradition, office, mediatorial, High Priest Introduction. Owen, His Theology, Purpose, and Work Any study of John Owen’s work on the Person of our Lord Jesus Christ will prove to every reader today that he has been and still remains a theologian who is worthy to be examined and admired for his deep evangelical and biblical convictions.
    [Show full text]