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Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: the Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Honors Theses Student Research 5-6-2021 Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: The Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State Keeley Harris University of Richmond Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses Part of the Political Science Commons, and the Religion Law Commons Recommended Citation Harris, Keeley, "Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: The Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State" (2021). Honors Theses. 1577. https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses/1577 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: The Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State By Keeley Harris Honors Thesis Submitted to: Jepson School of Leadership Studies University of Richmond Richmond, VA May 6, 2021 Advisor: Dr. Kristin M. S. Bezio Harris 1 Abstract Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: The Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State Keeley Harris Committee members: Dr. Kristin M. S. Bezio, Dr. George R. Goethals and Dr. Douglas L. Winiarski This research focuses on a sect of Christian thinkers who originated in mid-16th century Poland called Socinians. They had radical Christian views built upon ideas from humanism and the Protestant Reformation, including Anti-Trinitarianism and rejecting the divinity of Christ. -
Exhortation December 27, 2020 Matthew 11:28-30; Hebrews 7:23-28 to the Uttermost Gentle and Lowly- the Heart of Christ for Sinners and Sufferers Dane Ortlund
Exhortation December 27, 2020 Matthew 11:28-30; Hebrews 7:23-28 To the Uttermost Gentle and Lowly- The Heart of Christ for Sinners and Sufferers Dane Ortlund I. What is Christ doing NOW- Real Time? a. Neglected doctrine- The heavenly intercession of Christ, what he is doing NOW. b. There is much written on what Christ DID in his life, death, and resurrection to save us. c. For many of us, our functional Jesus is not really doing anything now; all of our salvation has been accomplished. d. We will consider Christ’s heavenly intercession, not only because it is neglected, but it is a part of Christ’s work that is uniquely reflective of his heart. II. Consider Justification and its relation to intercession a. To be justified is to be declared perfectly righteous in Christ. b. We are declared right with God not once we get our act together, but an honest acknowledgement that we never will. c. But this has happened in the past. “Therefore, since we have been justified...” Romans 5:1. d. Consider intercession- Christ’s heart is a steady reality flowing through time. The present manifestation of his heart for his people is his constant interceding on their behalf. III. What is Intercession? a. Christ intercedes between us and the Father, but why? Was something left incomplete in our justification? Isn’t it the FINISHED work of Christ? b. ANSWER: Intercession applies what the atonement accomplished. c. It is a reflection of the fullness and victory and completeness of his earthly work, not a reflection of anything lacking in his earthly work. -
The Meaning of the Intercessory Ministry of Jesus Christ on Our Behalf in the Heavenly Sanctuary
Journal of the Adventist Theological Society, 28/1 (2017): 3-25. Article copyright © 2017 by Jiří Moskala. The Meaning of the Intercessory Ministry of Jesus Christ on Our Behalf in the Heavenly Sanctuary Jiří Moskala Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Andrews University Introduction Adventist theology differentiates between the “complete” atonement accomplished by Jesus Christ on the cross, and the “completed” atonement in relationship to His intercessory ministry in heaven on humanity’s behalf.1 What happened on the cross is a unique, unparalleled, non-repeatable, and unprecedented divine act of salvation (Heb 10:12, 14) from which all the benefits flow out, including the intercessory ministry of Christ for us today.2 1 See, for example, the statement of the former dean of the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary, Dr. W. G. C. Murdock, at the 1980 General Conference session in Dallas, Texas: “Seventh-day Adventists have always believed in a complete atonement that is not completed.” Quoted from Morris L. Venden, Never Without an Intercessor: The Good News About the Judgment (Boise, ID: Pacific Press, 1996), 140. The full at-one-ment, i.e., the complete harmony between God and His creation will be reached when sin is eradicated and evil is no longer present (1 Cor 15:24-28; Eph 1:10). This full harmony will be restored at the end of the Millennium (Rev 21-22). 2 Ferguson underlines that Jesus’s “atoning death was unique and unrepeatable work for human salvation (Heb. 10:12, 14). Jesus’ sacrificial death, therefore, was a ministry that the church cannot continue. -
Evangelical Review of Theology
EVANGELICAL REVIEW OF THEOLOGY VOLUME 12 Volume 12 • Number 1 • January 1988 Evangelical Review of Theology Articles and book reviews original and selected from publications worldwide for an international readership for the purpose of discerning the obedience of faith GENERAL EDITOR: SUNAND SUMITHRA Published by THE PATERNOSTER PRESS for WORLD EVANGELICAL FELLOWSHIP Theological Commission p. 2 ISSN: 0144–8153 Vol. 12 No. 1 January–March 1988 Copyright © 1988 World Evangelical Fellowship Editorial Address: The Evangelical Review of Theology is published in January, April, July and October by the Paternoster Press, Paternoster House, 3 Mount Radford Crescent, Exeter, UK, EX2 4JW, on behalf of the World Evangelical Fellowship Theological Commission, 57, Norris Road, P.B. 25005, Bangalore—560 025, India. General Editor: Sunand Sumithra Assistants to the Editor: Emmanuel James and Beena Jacob Committee: (The Executive Committee of the WEF Theological Commission) Peter Kuzmič (Chairman), Michael Nazir-Ali (Vice-Chairman), Don Carson, Emilio A. Núñez C., Rolf Hille, René Daidanso, Wilson Chow Editorial Policy: The articles in the Evangelical Review of Theology are the opinions of the authors and reviewers and do not necessarily represent those of the Editor or Publisher. Subscriptions: Subscription details appear on page 96 p. 3 2 Editorial Christ, Christianity and the Church As history progresses and the historical Jesus becomes more distant, every generation has the right to (and must) question his contemporary relevance—and hence also that of Christianity and the Church. The articles and book reviews in this issue generally deal with this relevance. Of the three, of course the questions about Jesus Christ are the basic ones. -
December 13, 2020 the Purpose of the Second Coming of Christ (II)
Mailing Address: 1285 US 70 Bypass, Camden, TN 38320-4700 Email: [email protected] Web: www.camdenchurchofchrist.org Tel: 731.584.7374 December 13, 2020 Elders Dan Wyatt The Purpose of the Second Coming of Christ (II) 234-5069 By H. Leo Boles [email protected] Many things will be accomplished when Christ comes again; both the old Bill Jarnagin 468-4433 and the New Testament will have served their purpose when he returns. The [email protected] Old Testament had a distinct purpose before Christ came and has its place in David Ulderich the revelation of God to man since the first advent. The New Testament has 441-3964 its place between the two advents of Christ. Both will have served their [email protected] purpose and will cease when Christ comes again. This is true of all the John Dawson ordinances, terms of Salvation, and worship which are revealed in the New 695-6780 Testament. The church will have completed its mission at that time. Baptism will have served its purpose when Christ comes. The Deacons Commission which Jesus gave to go into the world and preach the gospel to Dennis Richardson the whole creation, contains baptism; the commission is enforced between William Blow the two advents of Christ. The commission is twofold—missionary and Tom Ulderich. instructive; they were to make disciples of all the nations and teach “them to Joe Sisco observe all things whatsoever I commanded you: and lo, I am with you Michael Laux always, even unto the end of the world.” At this “end of the world,” then, Wesley Sparks whatever he meant by it, the whole world here described is to cease. -
The Present Work of Christ in Hebrews
The Present Work of Christ in Hebrews David J. MacLeod Dean of the Graduate Program, Emmaus Bible College Dubuque, Iowa Several years ago a number of writers voiced the concern that at tention to the present work of Christ has been "largely neglected" by the systematic theologians of the church.1 The authors of the New Testament would not have understood such neglect, for Christ's pre sent work is one of their most important themes. The purpose of this article is to examine the work of one of those authors, the epistle to the Hebrews, and to outline its contribution to the subject. There are at least three reasons for such a study. First, to neglect any theme central to apostolic Christianity can impoverish Chris tians and the church. Second, attention needs to be drawn to some aspects of the subject neglected in earlier studies of Hebrews. Third, it is hoped that the material presented will aid Bible students who teach and write on the Christology of the New Testament. The Commencement of Christ's Present Ministry2 HIS ASCENSION THROUGH THE HEAVENS Having accomplished His redemptive work on the cross (Heb. 9:12), Jesus was raised from the dead by God the Father (13:20). 1 John F Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord (Chicago Moody Press, 1969), ρ 219 Cf Brian Κ Donne, "The Significance of the Ascension of Jesus Christ in the New Testa ment," Scottish Journal of Theology 30 (1977) 555, C George Fry, "A Day to Remem ber, ' Christianity Today, May 9, 1969, ρ 3, Joel Nederhood, "A Christian Holiday You May Have Forgotten," Eternity, May 1974, -
Johann Gerhard, the Socinians, and Modern Rejections of Substitutionary Atonement Jack D
CONCORDIA THEOLOGICAL QUARTERLY Volume 82:1–2 January/April 2018 Table of Contents Is Law Intrinsic to God’s Essence? David P. Scaer ................................................................................................... 3 Johann Gerhard, the Socinians, and Modern Rejections of Substitutionary Atonement Jack D. Kilcrease ............................................................................................. 19 Luther on Vocation and Baptism: A Correction to Charismatic and Situational Ways of Discerning God’s Call Benjamin T. G. Mayes ................................................................................... 45 Paradise Regained: Placing Nicholas Hopman’s Lex Aeterna Back in Luther’s Frame Nathan Rinne .................................................................................................. 65 The Theology of the Cross and the Lutheran Confessions Andrew J. Preus .............................................................................................. 83 The Catholic Paul: Allegory and Perspicuity in Irenaeus’s Reading of Scripture James G. Bushur ........................................................................................... 105 God Is My Strength and My Song: History and Practice of Old Testament Canticles Andrew Gerike .............................................................................................. 127 2 Concordia Theological Quarterly 82 (2018) Research Notes ........................................................................................................... -
Bible Matters: the Scriptural Origins of American Unitarianism
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Vanderbilt Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Archive BIBLE MATTERS: THE SCRIPTURAL ORIGINS OF AMERICAN UNITARIANISM By LYDIA WILLSKY Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Religion May, 2013 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Professor James P. Byrd Professor James Hudnut-Beumler Professor Kathleen Flake Professor Paul Lim Professor Paul Conkin TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………3 CHAPTER 1: WILLIAM ELLERY CHANNING AND THE PASTORAL ROOTS OF UNITARIAN BIBLICISM………………………………………………………………………………..29 CHAPTER 2: WHAT’S “GOSPEL” IN THE BIBLE? ANDREWS NORTON AND THE LANGUAGE OF BIBLICAL TRUTH………………………………………...................................................77 CHAPTER 3: A PRACTICAL SPIRIT: FREDERIC HENRY HEDGE, THE BIBLE AND THE UNIVERSAL CHURCH…………………………………………………………………...124 CHAPTER 4: THE OPENING OF THE CANON: THEODORE PARKER AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF BIBLICAL AUTHORITY…………………………………………..168 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………...........................205 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………………213 INTRODUCTION The New England Unitarians were a biblical people. They were not biblical in the way of their Puritan ancestors, who emulated the early apostolic Church and treated the Bible as a model for right living. They were a biblical people in the way almost every Protestant denomination of the nineteenth century -
The Ascended Jesus Interceding for Us Andrew Mcgowan
empowerment of Jesus' disciples for mission on account of But again we ask the question, What happens next? The his ascension. In Acts 5:31 we are told that God gives repen same Jesus, the person, this man that they knew face to face tance to Israel and forgiveness of sins on the ground of Jesus' for so long, that same Jesus will return from where he has intercession; recognizing that it is the ascended Jesus who is gone and so the ascension cannot be the last word. We look equipped to do so. for the Jesus who went to return; and this must be as much Let me come a final question - what happens next? The part of our lives as it was for these believers in the first cen first thing is we do what we have been told. I love the ques tury and for any who come after us. Wait for Jesus to come tion the angels ask of the disciples. They have just seen back. He is ascended, he is at the right hand of the Father, he Jesus ascend into the sky and a cloud has hid them and the is glorious. Worship him, witness to him and wait for him. angels ask them, 'Why are you standing there looking into Rev Dr Alistair Wzlson is a minister of the Free Church ofScotland. the sky?' I suppose I would have been standing there gaw He holds the degrees of BA and BD from the University of Edin ping into the sky if I had seen such a thing, but the point of burgh and the degree of PhD from the University ofAberdeen. -
Feminine Images of Jesus: Later Medieval Christology and the Devaluation of the Feminine
Intermountain West Journal of Religious Studies Volume 3 Number 1 Article 4 2011 Feminine Images of Jesus: Later Medieval Christology and the Devaluation of the Feminine Jenny Bledsoe University of Tennessee, Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/imwjournal Recommended Citation Bledsoe, Jenny "Feminine Images of Jesus: Later Medieval Christology and the Devaluation of the Feminine." Intermountain West Journal of Religious Studies 3, no. 1 (2011). https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/imwjournal/vol3/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Intermountain West Journal of Religious Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jenny Bledsoe: Feminine IMages of Jesus 33 Jenny Bledsoe Jenny Bledsoe recently graduated from the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee, with a Bachelor of Arts degree in honors religious studies and honors English literature with minors in Latin and history. In August 2011, Jenny began a Master of Theological Studies program at Harvard Divinity School, with a focus on religion, literature, and culture. Her research interests lie particularly in literature, religion, and gender in late medieval England. Jenny loves to delve into the mysteries of a centuries-old culture and has received several rewards for her work, including two UT Knoxville Chancellor’s Citations for Undergraduate Research in the Humanities. Jenny has presented her research at eight academic conferences. 34 IMW Journal of Religious Studies Vol. 3:1 Jenny Bledsoe Feminine Images of Jesus: Later Medieval Christology and the Devaluation of the Feminine During the later medieval period in Western Europe, feminine representa- tions of Jesus abounded. -
Ephesians Series Lesson #056 January 12, 2020
Ephesians Series Lesson #056 January 12, 2020 Dean Bible Ministries www.deanbibleministries.org © 2020, Dr. Robert L. Dean, Jr. Waiting for the Kingdom Ephesians 2:6; Psalm 68; Daniel 7; Psalm 2 Eph. 2:6, “and raised us up together, and made us sit together in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus,” No literal, earthly Kingdom 1,000 is merely a symbolic number Spiritual Kingdom Christ Reigning from His Throne in Heaven Jesus is now ruling on David’s throne from Heaven Christ returns after the Millennial Kingdom Church Age Kingdom Jesus is now ruling on David’s throne from Heaven Jesus returns before the beginning of the Kingdom Jesus is NOT ruling on David’s throne from Heaven– Dispensational premillennialism Already, but not yet Jesus is now ruling on David’s throne from Heaven Inaugurated, and progressively coming in Eph. 2:6, “and raised us up together, and made us sit together in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus,” We are seated together in Christ Jesus. Cf., (Christ seated at the right hand of the Father: Acts 2:33–34; 5:31; 7:55–56; Rom. 8:34; Eph. 1:20; 2:6; 4:8–11; Col. 3:1; Heb. 1:3, 13; 8:1; 10:12; 12:2; 1 Pet. 3:22; Rev. 3:21; 12:5) What the Bible Teaches About The Session of Christ What happened to God’s plan when the Lord Jesus Christ was rejected and crucified? Acts 1:6, “Therefore, when they had come together, they asked Him, saying, ‘Lord, will You at this time restore the kingdom to Israel?’ ” What, then is the purpose for the ascension and the unforeseen inter-advent age—the present Church Age? John 16:7, “Nevertheless I tell you the truth. -
I. Aniol 2.2 (Final)
DBSJ 22 (2017): 91–103 WAS ISAAC WATTS UNITARIAN? ATHANASIAN TRINITARIANISM AND THE BOUNDARY OF CHRISTIAN FELLOWSHIP by Scott Aniol1 Glory to God the Trinity, Whose name has mysteries unknown; In essence One, in persons Three, A social nature, yet alone. A more orthodox hymnic formulation of the doctrine of the Trinity would be difficult to find than one like this from the pen of the Father of English hymnody, Isaac Watts (1674–1748). Indeed, many of Watts’s hymns contain such Trinitarian language affirming the equal deity and praiseworthiness of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. And yet, despite this legacy of rich, Trinitarian hymnody, Isaac Watts’s reputa- tion has been plagued since his lifetime with charges that he was less than orthodox in his doctrine of the Trinity. The purpose of this paper is to investigate thoroughly Watts’s mature thought concerning the Trinity to determine the purposes behind his thinking, and to assess whether any unorthodox views have been passed on through his most influential works—his hymns. Several of Watts’s biographers treat the subject at length, many without the benefit of all of the pertinent documents at their disposal.2 Other hymn textbooks or biographers of Watts either briefly mention his Trinitarian problems without any evidence,3 or they dismiss the charges without giving them the attention they deserve, mainly by cit- ing examples of his Trinitarian hymns written and published early in his life, before debates about the Trinity grabbed Watts’s attention.4 Watts 1Dr. Aniol is Associate Professor of Worship Ministry at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in Fort Worth, TX, and is the director of Religious Affections Ministries (www.religiousaffections.org).